CN109930433A - A kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides - Google Patents
A kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109930433A CN109930433A CN201910276530.1A CN201910276530A CN109930433A CN 109930433 A CN109930433 A CN 109930433A CN 201910276530 A CN201910276530 A CN 201910276530A CN 109930433 A CN109930433 A CN 109930433A
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- track
- elastomer
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- locking
- hole
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- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Railway Tracks (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides, it includes being set to track two sides: elastomer, bracket, elastomer-steel member assembly, pressure plate, clamping frame, first locking member, second locking member, flat shim and spring shim, elastomer is covered in track, slow down train to the vibratory impulse of track, and track vibration energy is absorbed jointly with elastomer-steel member assembly, slow down the body vibration of track and the vibration of two side directions, elastomer-steel member assembly can mainly increase track structure damping and adjust its vibration frequency to main structure frequency simultaneously, change mesomerism characteristic, to reach vibration and noise reducing effect;The device can substantially reduce the energy of wheel and track transmitting, prevent the generation of vibration and noise, improve the service life of wheel and track, advantageously reduce railway use cost, noise pollution is reduced, present invention replacement, convenient disassembly have very strong practical value and application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibration and noise reducing device technical fields, in particular to a kind of mass block for track two sides
Vibration absorber.
Background technique
Since railway traffic development, the contact movement of wheel and track, always along with the generation of impact energy, from
And it is generated vibration it is just inevitable, cause environmental pollution, to people life bring great noise pollution.Traditional
Vibration and noise reducing method is that rubber pad is placed in sleeper in the following, however the effect of vibration and noise reduction that rises of rubber pad is bad, and rubber pad
Service life is ofer short duration, and replacement is just more troublesome, and with the continuous development of science and technology, high-speed rail speed is getting faster, and generates
Vibration and noise is also increasing, and rubber pad can no longer meet current damping requirements.
Therefore new oscillation damping method how is found, designs a novel damping denoising device, greatly reduce grass
Pollution be that we have to the major issue solved at present, simultaneously as device laying amount is big, Structure of need is simple,
The low product of production cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of mass block vibration absorbers for track two sides, can substantially reduce vehicle
The energy of wheel and track transmitting, prevents the generation of vibration and noise, substantially increases the service life of wheel and track, be conducive to
Railway use cost is reduced, noise pollution, present invention replacement, convenient disassembly, before there is very strong practical value and application are reduced
Scape.
The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides comprising be set to track two sides: elastomer is covered in bullet
Property external bracket, elastomer-steel member assembly, pressure plate, clamping frame, the first locking member and the second locking member, bracket
Two sides are provided with placement elastomer-steel member assembly shoulder, elastomer-steel member assembly be placed in shoulder and with branch
Frame, elastomer and track form overall structure, and clamping frame is connected to integrally-built bottom, elastomer-steel member assembly packet
Elastomer layer and steel member layer are included, elastomer layer is L-shaped, and steel member layer is placed on the inside of the elastomer of L-type, and the first locking member will
Pressure plate is locked at the two sides of steel member layer, and pressure plate is locked at the two sides of clamping frame by the second locking member.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the side of above-mentioned steel member layer is provided with the first locking hole, pressure plate setting
There is first fixation hole opposite with the first locking hole site, the first locking member will be compressed by the first locking hole and the first fixation hole
Plate and steel member layer are locked, and then pressure plate is pressed on track two sides.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned clamping frame is provided with the second locking hole of connection two sides, and pressure plate is set
It is equipped with second fixation hole opposite with the second locking hole site, the second locking member will be pressed by the second locking hole and the second fixation hole
Tight plate and clamping frame are locked, and then pressure plate is pressed on track two sides.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, at least one overall structure and compression are provided between above-mentioned adjacent sleeper
Frame, integrally-built bottom are provided at least one clamping frame, and elastomer-steel member assembly is connected at least one first lock
Tight part;At least one section of overall structure and at least one clamping frame or overall structure is provided between adjacent sleeper across multiple rails
Pillow.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, when above-mentioned overall structure is across multiple sleepers, the bottom of elastomer and bracket
It is separately provided for the opening for keeping elastomer and track to fit closely always, the position of opening is opposite with sleeper, elastomer
Pass through open card on sleeper with bracket.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned mass block two sides clamping device for track vibration-reducing further includes spring
Gasket, spring shim are provided with the through-hole passed through for the first locking member or the second locking member, and spring shim is set to the first locking
Spring shim is pressed in the side of pressure plate by the outer end of at least side of part or the second locking member, the first locking member or the second locking member
Face.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the above-mentioned mass block two sides clamping device for track vibration-reducing further includes plain cushion
Piece, flat shim are provided with the through-hole passed through for the first locking member or the second locking member, and flat shim is set to the first locking member or
The outer end of at least side of two locking members, the first locking member or the second locking member by flat shim be pressed in pressure plate and spring shim it
Between.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned first locking member is the first bolt with bolt cap, the second locking member
For the second screw bolt and nut with bolt cap, bolt cap or nut push down flat shim and spring shim, on the outside of elastomer-steel member
Steel member the first locking hole be unthreaded hole, the second locking hole be unthreaded hole, the first fixation hole be threaded hole, the second fixation hole be light
Hole.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned elastomer is covered in the middle and lower part of track, and bracket is by the side of elastomer
Bread is wrapped up in.
In preferred embodiments of the present invention, above-mentioned elastomer include paste track middle and lower part side side elastic body and
The bottom elastomeric of rail base is pasted, side elastic body and bottom elastomeric seal track middle and lower part, and the bottom of bracket connects
Bottom elastomeric is connect, bottom elastomeric is connected at the top of clamping frame.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention is covered in track by elastomer, slows down train to the vibratory impulse of track, passes through the first bolt, second
Bolt and pressure plate lock the overall structure of track two sides, by elastomer and elastomer-steel member assembly, absorb track
Vibrational energy slows down the body vibration of track and the vibration of two side directions, and train wheel and track are in high speed contact operational process
The enormous impact energy of middle generation, when traveling to track abdomen waist position, track abdomen waist expands outward, pushes air to generate vibration and makes an uproar
When sound, the elastomer being in close contact with track can absorb its vibrational energy, and elastomer-steel member assembly, be similar to spring
The device of Tuned mass damper system can increase track structure damping and adjust its vibration frequency to main structure frequency,
Change mesomerism characteristic, to reach vibration and noise reducing effect;Meanwhile present invention replacement, convenient disassembly, there is very strong practical valence
Value and application prospect.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, below will be to needed in the embodiment attached
Figure is briefly described, it should be understood that the following drawings illustrates only certain embodiments of the present invention, therefore is not construed as pair
The restriction of range.
Fig. 1 is the mass block damping device structure schematic diagram that the present invention is used for track two sides;
Fig. 2 is the integrally-built top cross sectional view of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the right view enlarged drawing of elastomer of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the right view enlarged drawing of bracket of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is elastomer-steel member assembly right side view of track side surfaces of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is elastomer of the present invention-steel member assembly diagrammatic cross-section;
Fig. 7 is spring shim main view profile of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the right view enlarged drawing of spring shim of the present invention;
Icon: 1, track;2, elastomer;3, bracket;4, elastomer layer;5, steel member layer;6, pressure plate;7, flat shim;
8, spring shim;9, the first bolt;10, nut;11, the second bolt;12, clamping frame;13, sleeper.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.The present invention being usually described and illustrated herein in the accompanying drawings is implemented
The component of example can be arranged and be designed with a variety of different configurations.
Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiment of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit below claimed
The scope of the present invention, but be merely representative of selected embodiment of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, this field is common
Technical staff's every other embodiment obtained without creative efforts belongs to the model that the present invention protects
It encloses.
First embodiment
Fig. 1 is please referred to, the present embodiment provides a kind of mass block vibration absorbers for track two sides comprising is set to rail
1 two sides of road: elastomer 2, bracket 3, elastomer-steel member assembly, pressure plate 6, clamping frame 12, the first locking member, second
Locking member, flat shim 7 and spring shim 8, middle orbit 1 are the common structure in railway, and elastomer 2 is closely covered in track 1
Middle and lower part, bracket 3 by elastomer 2 be wrapped in inside and with elastomer-integral structure of steel member combination bodily form, overall structure
Across two sleepers 13, overall structure has each one section of elastomer-steel member assembly in 1 two sides of track, integrally-built bottom
There are three clamping frames 12 for setting;The apparatus function is similar to the vibration and noise reducing device of spring-mass damping system, makes and rail
The elastomer 2 that road 1 is in close contact absorbs vibrational energy, increases 1 structural damping of track by elastomer-steel member assembly,
The device adjusts its vibration frequency to main structure frequency, changes mesomerism characteristic, has haved the function that vibration and noise reducing;
Meanwhile the connection structure of device makes the present embodiment replacement, convenient disassembly.
Referring to Fig.1 and 2, elastomer-steel member assembly side middle is provided with the first locking hole, clamping frame
12 are provided with the second locking hole of connection two sides, and pressure plate 6 is provided with first fixation hole opposite with the first locking hole site, the
Two pressure plates 6 are locked at elastomer-steel member assembly two by the first locking hole and the first fixation hole by one locking member
Side, pressure plate 6, which is provided with, passes through the second locking hole and the with the second opposite the second fixation hole in locking hole site, the second locking member
Two pressure plates 6 are locked at the two sides of clamping frame 12 by two fixation holes respectively;First locking member is the first bolt with bolt cap
9, the second locking member is the second bolt 11 and nut 10 with bolt cap, and bolt cap or nut 10 press flat shim 7 and spring shim 8
Firmly, the first locking hole of the steel member on the outside of the elastomer-steel member is unthreaded hole, and the second locking hole of clamping frame is unthreaded hole,
First fixation hole of its corresponding pressure plate 6 is threaded hole, and the second fixation hole is unthreaded hole.
Elastomer 2 is closely covered in the middle and lower part of track 1, and elastomer 2 is sleeved on the middle and lower part of track 1, branch by when use
3 sets of frame outside elastomer 2, the inside of bracket 3 and the outside of elastomer 2 are mutually matched, and bracket 3 is by the side wrap of elastomer 2
Inside, elastomer 2 includes pasting the side elastic body of 1 middle and lower part side of track and pasting the bottom elastomeric of 1 bottom of track, side
Surface elastic body and bottom elastomeric seal 1 middle and lower part of track, and the top of bottom elastomeric is bonded track 1 and bracket 3 respectively
Bottom, the outer side bonds bracket 3 of side elastic body, bottom elastomeric are bonded in 12 top of clamping frame, and 3 side of bracket is provided with peace
Set elastomer-steel member assembly shoulder, elastomer-steel member assembly be placed on shoulder and with bracket 3, elastomer 2 and
Track 1 forms overall structure, and the setting of clamping frame 12 is in integrally-built bottom, and the first bolt 9 is by pressure plate 6 and steel member layer 5
It connects and locks, the first bolt 9 sequentially passes through spring shim 8, flat shim 7, pressure plate 6, steel member layer 5, passes through the side of rotation
Formula is tightened, and pressure plate 6 is connect and locked with clamping frame 12 by the second bolt 11, and the second bolt 11 sequentially passes through spring shim 8, puts down
Gasket 7, pressure plate 6 and clamping frame 12, are tightened by way of rotation, wherein in 6 side of pressure plate, the bolt of the second bolt 11
Spring shim 8 and gasket 7 are pressed on the side of pressure plate 6 by cap.
Three the first locking hole equidistant intervals are distributed in the side middle of steel member layer 5, and integrally-built two sides pass through
First bolt 9 and the second bolt 11 respectively lock pressure plate 6 to steel member layer 5 and clamping frame 12, and three clamping frames 12 are located at
Integrally-built bottom and it is spaced apart from each other setting, the section of strip, the second locking hole is rounded, the second locking hole and the second spiral shell
Bolt 11 is mutually matched;Positioned at overall structure two sides: the steel member layer 5 on shoulder is provided with the first locking hole, and clamping frame 12 is arranged
There is the second locking hole, three the first bolts 9 and three the second bolts 11 lock integrally-built two sides, three the first bolts 9
Pass through connection the first locking hole of steel member layer 5, the first fixation hole of pressure plate 6, the through-hole of flat shim 7 and spring shim 8
Through-hole locks pressure plate 6 and overall structure, and three the second bolts 11 are by connecting the second locking hole of clamping frame 12, compressing
The through-hole of second fixation hole of plate 6, the through-hole of flat shim 7 and spring shim 8 locks pressure plate 6 and clamping frame 12, three pressures
Tight frame 12 is arranged at intervals at integrally-built bottom;Wherein the first bolt 9 and the second bolt 11 are respectively the bolt with bolt cap,
Second bolt 11 is locked using the nut 10 being mutually matched with it, after one end of the second bolt 11 screws in and is pierced by, uses nut
10 lock the end of the second bolt 11, and gasket 7 and spring elastic slice 8 are pressed in the outside of pressure plate 6 by nut 10.
Referring to figure 3. and Fig. 4, the bottom of elastomer 2 and bracket 3 is separately provided for that elastomer 2 and track 1 is kept to begin
The opening fitted closely eventually, this two openings are opposite with the position of sleeper 13 respectively, can just cover on sleeper 13;Bracket 3 is also
It is provided with placement elastomer-steel member assembly shoulder, the first bolt 9 will be elastic by the first fixation hole and the first locking hole
Body-steel member assembly compresses on track 1.
Referring to figure 5. and Fig. 6, elastomer-steel member assembly include elastomer layer 4 and steel member layer 5, steel member layer 5
It is made of steel material, the side middle of steel member layer 5 is equally spaced there are three opening, and the elastomer layer 4 is L-shaped, steel
Components layer 5 is placed on the inside of L-shaped elastomer layer 4, and the first locking hole is located at the steel member layer 5 in outside, is located in shoulder
The first layer of side is elastomer layer 4, and elastomer layer 4 and steel member layer 5 are mutually close to bonding, and the steel member layer 5 on the outside of shoulder is opened
Equipped with the first locking hole, wherein the first locking hole is unthreaded hole, and the position that the first locking hole positioned at 1 two sides of track is arranged is opposite.
Please refer to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, flat shim 7 and spring shim 8 are provided with to be passed through for the first bolt 9 or the second bolt 11
Flat shim 7 and spring shim 8 are pressed in the side of pressure plate 6, flat shim 7 and spring pad by through-hole, the second bolt 11 and nut 10
Piece 8 is that track 1 often uses fastener, and spring shim 8 is butterfly spring, and domed and spring shim 8 section is the tortuous item of pressure resistance
Line shape, the first bolt 9 are successively locked pressure plate 6 by spring shim 8, flat shim 7, pressure plate 6 and steel member layer 5, and second
Bolt 11 successively by spring shim 8, flat shim 7, pressure plate 6 and clamping frame 12, and using nut 10 screw and by pressure plate 6
Locking;Spring shim 8 and flat shim 7 are set between nut 10 and pressure plate 6, between bolt cap and pressure plate 6, and flat shim 7 is
The plate of circular ring shape, spring shim 8 are butterfly gasket, are occurred when being used for the use of the first bolt 9 or the second bolt 11
The first bolt 9 or the second bolt 11 are locked in gap, increase pressing force.
In conclusion present example is covered in track by elastomer, slows down train to the vibratory impulse of track, pass through
Pressure plate and clamping frame lock the overall structure of track two sides, using the first bolt, the second bolt and pressure plate by track two
The overall structure clamping of side absorbs track vibration energy, slows down track by elastomer and elastomer-steel member assembly
The vibration of body vibration and two side directions;Especially elastomer-steel member assembly can increase track structure damping and be shaken
Dynamic frequency is adjusted to main structure frequency, changes mesomerism characteristic, to reach vibration and noise reducing effect.
Present specification describes the example of the embodiment of the present invention, it is not meant to that these embodiments illustrate and describe this
All possible forms of invention.Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the embodiments described herein is to help
Reader understands the principle of the present invention, it should be understood that protection scope of the present invention is not limited to such special statement and implementation
Example.Those skilled in the art can according to the present invention disclosed the technical disclosures make it is various do not depart from it is of the invention real
Various other specific variations and combinations of matter, these variations and combinations are still within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides, which is characterized in that including being set to track two sides: elasticity
Body, the bracket covered outside elastomer, elastomer-steel member assembly, pressure plate, clamping frame, the first locking member and the second locking
Part, the two sides of the bracket are provided with placement elastomer-steel member assembly shoulder, the elastomer-steel member assembly
It is placed in shoulder and forms overall structure with bracket, elastomer and track, the clamping frame is connected to integrally-built bottom, institute
Stating elastomer-steel member assembly includes elastomer layer and steel member layer, and the elastomer layer is L-shaped, and steel member layer is placed on L
On the inside of the elastomer of type, pressure plate is locked at the two sides of steel member layer by first locking member, and second locking member will press
Tight plate is locked at the two sides of clamping frame.
2. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the steel structure
The side of part layer is provided with the first locking hole, and the pressure plate is provided with first fixation hole opposite with the first locking hole site,
First locking member is locked pressure plate and steel member layer by the first locking hole and the first fixation hole, and then by pressure plate pressure
Tightly in track two sides.
3. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the compression
The second locking hole for being equipped with connection two sides is set up, it is fixed that the pressure plate is provided with second opposite with the second locking hole site
Hole, second locking member are locked pressure plate and clamping frame by the second locking hole and the second fixation hole, and then by pressure plate
It is pressed on track two sides.
4. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 3, which is characterized in that adjacent sleeper
Between be provided at least one overall structure and clamping frame, the integrally-built bottom is provided at least one clamping frame, institute
It states elastomer-steel member assembly and is connected at least one first locking member;At least one section of entirety is provided between adjacent sleeper
Structure and at least one clamping frame or the overall structure are across multiple sleepers.
5. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the entirety
When structure is across multiple sleepers, the bottom of the elastomer and bracket is separately provided for keeping elastomer and track tight always
The position of the opening of closely connected conjunction, opening is opposite with sleeper, and the elastomer and bracket pass through open card on sleeper.
6. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described to be used for
The mass block two sides clamping device of track vibration-reducing further includes spring shim, and the spring shim is provided with for the first locking member or
The through-hole that two locking members pass through, the spring shim are set at least side of the first locking member or the second locking member, and described
Spring shim is pressed in the side of pressure plate by the outer end of one locking member or the second locking member.
7. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to be used for
The mass block two sides clamping device of track vibration-reducing further includes flat shim, and the flat shim is provided with to be locked for the first locking member or second
The through-hole that tight part passes through, the flat shim are set at least side of the first locking member or the second locking member, first locking
Flat shim is pressed between pressure plate and spring shim by the outer end of part or the second locking member.
8. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described first
Locking member is the first bolt with bolt cap, and second locking member is the second screw bolt and nut with bolt cap, bolt cap or spiral shell
Mother pushes down flat shim and spring shim, and the first locking hole of the steel member on the outside of the elastomer-steel member is unthreaded hole, and second
Locking hole is unthreaded hole, and the first fixation hole is threaded hole, and the second fixation hole is unthreaded hole.
9. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the elasticity
It shows consideration for and overlays on the middle and lower part of track, the bracket is by the side wrap of elastomer.
10. a kind of mass block vibration absorber for track two sides according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the bullet
Property body includes the side elastic body for pasting track middle and lower part side and the bottom elastomeric for pasting rail base, the side elastic
Body and bottom elastomeric seal track middle and lower part, and the bottom of the bracket connects bottom elastomeric, and the bottom elastomeric connects
It connects at the top of clamping frame.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201910276530.1A CN109930433B (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Mass block vibration damper for two sides of track |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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CN201910276530.1A CN109930433B (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Mass block vibration damper for two sides of track |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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CN109930433A true CN109930433A (en) | 2019-06-25 |
CN109930433B CN109930433B (en) | 2020-11-10 |
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ID=66989392
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CN201910276530.1A Expired - Fee Related CN109930433B (en) | 2019-04-08 | 2019-04-08 | Mass block vibration damper for two sides of track |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111197275A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-26 | 西南交通大学 | Steel rail elastic supporting block and external member thereof |
CN111851168A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-10-30 | 南京铁道职业技术学院 | Buffer for subway rail |
IT202100009191A1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-13 | Transrail S R L | TRANSRAIL ANTI-VIBRATION TUBULAR |
CN117468282A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-30 | 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Rail structure |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111197275A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-05-26 | 西南交通大学 | Steel rail elastic supporting block and external member thereof |
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IT202100009191A1 (en) * | 2021-04-13 | 2022-10-13 | Transrail S R L | TRANSRAIL ANTI-VIBRATION TUBULAR |
CN117468282A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-01-30 | 北京市市政工程设计研究总院有限公司 | Rail structure |
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