CN109930083B - Low-nickel low-chromium stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Low-nickel low-chromium stainless steel and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 0.6-1.0%, C: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, N: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, Si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.20 percent, Cr: 11.0-12.0%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.30% by mass, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfies Ti/(C + N) of 8 to 18. The invention also discloses a method for manufacturing the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel. The low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has the following excellent mechanical properties: the impact energy (Ak) at room temperature (25 ℃) is more than or equal to 100J, the impact energy (Ak) at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 50J, the yield strength (Rp0.2) is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 420 MPa. The low-nickel and low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has excellent impact toughness and higher strength.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ferritic stainless steel, in particular to low-nickel and low-chromium stainless steel and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Since the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel contains no or little noble metal nickel, it has low cost of manufacturing raw materials compared to austenitic stainless steel, duplex steel, and the like having a high nickel content, and also has excellent corrosion resistance and easy workability, and thus it is widely used in the manufacture of industrial parts in the automobile industry, motorcycles, equipment housings, home appliances, and the like. For example, when steel for automobile flanges is selected, a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel plate is one of the candidates. However, in order to be suitable as a steel for automobile flanges, a low-chromium ferritic stainless steel sheet must have good mechanical properties, particularly excellent impact toughness, while satisfying corrosion resistance. Although the existing low-chromium ferritic stainless steel production technology can ensure that typical impurity elements C, N, 0 and the like are kept in a lower range, in addition, stabilizing elements such as Ti, Nb, V and the like can be added according to different requirements to improve the performance and the processability of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel; however, the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel also has some defects or shortcomings, such as insufficient toughness at room temperature and low temperature, for example, the impact energy of the traditional low-chromium ferritic stainless steel 00Cr12 is only 10 to 20J at room temperature and only 2 to 8J at 0 ℃, which greatly limits the application range of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel in a low-temperature environment, and in addition, the ferritic stainless steel has low strength, so that the application of the ferritic stainless steel as a structural member is limited.
Accordingly, there is a need in the art for a new low nickel, low chromium stainless steel and method of making the same that can provide superior impact toughness.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above technical problems in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a low-nickel and low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, wherein the composition of the stainless steel is optimized, so that the low-nickel and low-chromium ferritic stainless steel of the present invention has excellent impact toughness and high strength. The invention also provides a method for manufacturing the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel.
It is emphasized that, unless otherwise indicated, the terms used herein correspond to the ordinary meanings of the various technical and scientific terms in the art, and the meanings of the technical terms defined in the various technical dictionaries, textbooks, etc.
The term "impact toughness" refers to the ability of a material to absorb plastic deformation work and fracture work under impact loading, reflecting the fine defects and impact resistance within the material. One-time pendulum impact bending test is commonly used in engineering to measure the capability of a material to resist impact load, namely, the impact energy Ak consumed by an impact load sample after being broken is measured and is expressed in joules (J).
The term "monostable" means that the stainless steel includes only one or a single stabilizing element, such as titanium, Ti. Titanium has a high affinity for carbon, which is greater than chromium, the main alloying element in stainless steel. After titanium is added into steel, carbon is preferentially combined with titanium to generate titanium carbide (TiC), so that the phenomenon that chromium carbide is separated out to cause poor chromium of grain boundaries is avoided, intergranular corrosion is effectively prevented, and the stainless steel is stable. In addition, titanium and nitrogen may combine to form titanium nitride (TiN).
The term "continuous casting of a billet", i.e. continuous casting, referred to as continuous casting, refers to a process in which a cast billet is directly obtained by casting, condensing and cutting liquid molten steel by a continuous casting machine.
The chemical components of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel are optimized, the good low-temperature impact toughness is ensured and the strength is improved by adding a proper amount of Ni, the low C, N content is ensured, C, N in the steel is stably fixed by Ti, and O, S, P and other impurity elements in the steel are controlled to ensure the corrosivity and the good processability of the stainless steel.
Tests prove that the steel plate made of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has the following excellent mechanical properties: the impact energy (Ak) at room temperature (25 ℃) is more than or equal to 100J, the impact energy (Ak) at minus 40 ℃ (-40 ℃) is more than or equal to 50J, the yield strength (Rp0.2) is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 420 MPa.
Specifically, in the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel of the present invention, the content ranges of the respective components are designed as follows:
ni: nickel is a good solid solution strengthening element, and nickel is a large atomic solute, and when dissolved in a base metal, the nickel causes lattice distortion and hinders the movement of dislocation, thereby causing the increase of yield strength. And the strength of the ferritic stainless steel can be obviously improved, the low-temperature toughness is obviously improved, the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the ferritic stainless steel is reduced, the effect of the ferritic stainless steel cannot be realized in a matrix when the Ni content is too low, and phase change can be caused when the Ni content is too high during high-temperature annealing, so that the matrix has a two-phase structure at normal temperature, and certain negative influence is brought to the corrosion resistance. Both strength and low-temperature toughness are considered, so that the Ni content is limited to 0.6-1.0%.
C. N: the solubility of carbon and nitrogen in ferritic stainless steel is very low, so that carbide (Cr, Fe) is inevitably precipitated during high-temperature heating and subsequent cooling23C6And (Cr, Fe)7C3Etc. and nitrides (CrN and Cr)2N) to create Cr-depleted zones, resulting in a significant reduction in the corrosion resistance of these zones. In addition, too high carbon and nitrogen are not favorable for ductile-brittle transition temperatureAnd decreases. Therefore, the content of C is limited to 0.0005-0.0150%, and the content of N is limited to 0.0005-0.0150%.
Cr: chromium is an alloying element that imparts a ferritic structure to ferritic stainless steels and has good corrosion resistance. The corrosion resistance which most influences the performance of the ferritic stainless steel is the corrosion resistance which is mainly reflected in the improvement of the performance of the ferritic stainless steel against an oxidizing medium and an acid chloride medium, and chromium can rapidly generate chromium oxide (Cr) on the surface of the ferritic stainless steel in the oxidizing medium2O3) And (5) passivating the film. Therefore, the Cr content is limited to 11.0-12.0%.
Mn, Si: manganese and silicon are added as deoxidizing elements, and if the manganese and the silicon are too low, the purity of steel is not favorable, and if the manganese and the silicon are too high, the impact toughness is not favorable. Therefore, the present invention limits the Mn and Si contents to: si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.20 percent.
Ti: titanium is a favorable carbonitride-forming element, contributing to improved corrosion resistance. Ti and N are combined to form TiN, the isometric crystal proportion can be improved, the forming performance is improved, but the toughness-brittleness transition temperature is reduced due to the fact that the Ti content is too high, and therefore the Ti content is limited to 0.10-0.30%.
The value of Ti/(C + N) is limited to 8 to 18. C, N in the Ti single-stabilization fixed steel ensures that Ti can be sufficiently bonded to remove C and N, and prevents intergranular corrosion caused by precipitation of Cr carbonitride in the base metal or the welding process.
In order to achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low nickel and low chromium ferritic stainless steel, wherein the low nickel and low chromium ferritic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 0.6-1.0%, C: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, N: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, Si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.20 percent, Cr: 11.0-12.0%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.30% by mass, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfies Ti/(C + N) of 8 to 18.
In an embodiment, the low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel may be a monostable type, wherein only Ti as a stabilizing element may be included in the low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel.
In one embodiment, the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has an impact toughness (Ak) of 100J or more at room temperature (25 ℃).
In one embodiment, the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel has an impact toughness (Ak) of not less than 50J at-40 ℃.
In one embodiment, the yield strength (Rp0.2) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is more than or equal to 300 MPa.
In one embodiment, the tensile strength (Rm) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is more than or equal to 420 MPa.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel set forth above, wherein the method comprises:
firstly, smelting and casting steps are carried out, wherein, smelting and continuous casting are carried out according to the chemical components (by mass percentage) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel to form a billet, thereby obtaining a casting blank;
secondly, a heating step is executed, wherein the casting blank is uniformly heated and subjected to heat preservation to obtain uniformly heated steel blanks;
thirdly, performing a hot rolling step, wherein the steel billet is hot rolled and then cooled to obtain a hot rolled coil;
finally, an annealing step is performed, wherein the hot rolled coil is sequentially annealed, heat preserved, and acid pickled.
In one embodiment, in the heating step, the cast slab may be uniformly heated to 1100 ℃ to 1200 ℃ and heat-preserved in a manner of 9 to 11min per 10mm thick cast slab. The term "heat preservation in a manner of 9-11min per 10mm thick cast piece" means heat preservation for 9-11min per 10mm thick cast piece.
In one embodiment, in performing the hot rolling step, the slab may be hot rolled at 830 to 930 ℃ with a total rolling deformation of 92 to 98%. After hot rolling, it may be cooled according to conventional techniques, for example, natural cooling in air.
In one embodiment, in the annealing step, the hot rolled coil may be subjected to bell-type annealing at 700 ℃ to 850 ℃ for 6 to 14 hours. The bell-type annealing is the annealing of cold-rolled strips in a bell-type furnace in a stacking manner.
The low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel obtained by the method for manufacturing the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel of the present invention has excellent mechanical properties as follows: the impact energy (Ak) at room temperature (25 ℃) is more than or equal to 100J, the impact energy (Ak) at minus 40 ℃ (-40 ℃) is more than or equal to 50J, the yield strength (Rp0.2) is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 420 MPa.
The invention carries out heating and heat preservation on the casting blank or the continuous casting blank according to the mode of the casting blank or the continuous casting blank with the thickness of 9-11min/10mm, so that the temperature of the casting blank or the continuous casting blank is homogenized. The heating temperature is set to be 1100-1200 ℃, so that the phenomenon that the surface performance of a final finished product is influenced due to overheating of a casting blank or a continuous casting blank caused by overhigh temperature can be prevented; if the temperature is too low, the finishing temperature of hot rolling cannot be secured, resulting in an increase in deformation resistance.
According to the invention, after hot rolling and final rolling, the bell-type furnace annealing is finished at 700-850 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 6-14 hours. Because the Ni element is added into the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, in order to control the proportion of the ferrite phase and the martensite phase of the matrix structure after annealing, the situation that the complete recrystallization is easily caused due to the fact that the annealing temperature is too low or the annealing time is too short is considered, and the proportion of the martensite phase is easily too high due to the fact that the annealing temperature is too high or the annealing time is too long, so that the surface hardness is too high, therefore, the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel provided by the invention has the annealing temperature lower than that of the conventional low-chromium ferritic stainless steel.
The low-nickel and low-chromium ferritic stainless steel provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, aiming at the requirements of the steel for the ferritic stainless steel such as the automobile flange steel on the low-temperature toughness and the strength, the invention improves the low-temperature toughness and the strength of the low-chromium ferritic stainless steel by adding nickel element, the contribution of the nickel element to the yield strength and the tensile strength of the ferritic stainless steel is mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening effect of nickel, the nickel is a large atomic solute, when the nickel is dissolved in base metal, lattice distortion can be caused, the movement of dislocation is blocked, and the strength is increased, the yield strength (Rp0.2) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 420 MPa.
Secondly, the low-nickel low-chromium monoferrite stainless steel is added with nickel, and nickel absorbs interstitial atoms, so that precipitation amount of grain boundary precipitates is reduced, and damage of the grain boundary precipitates to the toughness of the steel is weakened; meanwhile, the lower C, N content is controlled to reduce the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the ferritic stainless steel and improve the low-temperature impact toughness thereof, so that the impact energy (Ak) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel at room temperature (25 ℃) is not less than 100J, and the impact energy (Ak) at-40 ℃ is not less than 50J.
Thirdly, the invention limits the components and the production process of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, and compared with the annealing temperature of the conventional low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, the annealing temperature is adjusted downwards, so that the risk of strip breakage in low-temperature weather is reduced on the premise of not increasing the cost greatly, the production difficulty is reduced, and the application of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel as flange steel is facilitated.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The technical solutions provided according to the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below.
In one aspect, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel, wherein the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 0.6-1.0%, C: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, N: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, Si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.20 percent, Cr: 11.0-12.0%, Ti: 0.10 to 0.30% by mass, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, and satisfies Ti/(C + N) of 8 to 18.
In an embodiment, the low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel may be a monostable type, wherein only Ti as a stabilizing element may be included in the low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel. In another embodiment, the low nickel, low chromium ferritic stainless steel may also include only the stabilizing element niobium Nb.
Table 1 exemplarily shows the mass percentages (%) of the respective components in three examples of the low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel according to the present invention, and for comparison, the mass percentages (%) of the respective components in one example of a low nickel low chromium ferritic stainless steel of the prior art are also given as comparative examples.
Table 1:
| numbering | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Ni | Ti | N | Ti/(C+N) |
| Example 1 | 0.0120 | 0.51 | 0.43 | 11.05 | 0.63 | 0.18 | 0.0090 | 8 |
| Example 2 | 0.0090 | 0.36 | 0.21 | 11.29 | 0.91 | 0.24 | 0.0065 | 15 |
| Example 3 | 0.0085 | 0.36 | 0.16 | 11.29 | 0.86 | 0.22 | 0.0058 | 16 |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.0085 | 0.38 | 0.17 | 11.32 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.0061 | 16 |
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel set forth above, wherein the method comprises:
firstly, smelting and casting steps are carried out, wherein, smelting and continuous casting are carried out according to the chemical components (by mass percentage) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel to form a billet, thereby obtaining a casting blank;
secondly, a heating step is executed, wherein the casting blank is uniformly heated and subjected to heat preservation to obtain uniformly heated steel blanks;
thirdly, performing a hot rolling step, wherein the steel billet is hot rolled and then cooled to obtain a hot rolled coil;
finally, an annealing step is performed, wherein the hot rolled coil is sequentially annealed, heat preserved, and acid pickled.
The manufacturing method according to the embodiment of the present invention may employ two-step smelting (K-OBM-S smelting, vacuum oxygen refining furnace VOD), continuous casting, hot rolling, and acid pickling to obtain a product.
Table 2 exemplarily shows the respective production process parameters for manufacturing the low nickel and low chromium ferritic stainless steels in the above examples 1, 2 and 3, while the respective production process parameters of comparative example 1 are also given as a comparison.
Table 2:
| numbering | Soaking temperature | Time of heating | Temperature of finish rolling | Amount of deformation | Annealing temperature | Time of heat preservation |
| Example 1 | 1150℃ | 210min | 880℃ | 95％ | 750℃ | 10 |
| Example 2 | 1140℃ | 200min | 885℃ | 95％ | 750℃ | 10 |
| Example 3 | 1140℃ | 200min | 885℃ | 95％ | 850℃ | 6 |
| Comparative example 1 | 1142℃ | 208min | 830℃ | 95％ | 850℃ | 10 |
The low nickel and low chromium ferritic stainless steels obtained by the methods for producing low nickel and low chromium ferritic stainless steels in the above examples 1, 2 and 3 can have excellent mechanical properties as shown in table 3. Table 3 exemplarily shows mechanical properties of each ferritic stainless steel (taking a ferritic stainless steel having a thickness of 10mm as an example).
Table 3:
as can be seen from table 3, the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel manufactured according to the present invention may have excellent mechanical properties as follows: the impact energy (Ak) at room temperature (25 ℃) is more than or equal to 100J, the impact energy (Ak) at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 50J, the yield strength (Rp0.2) is more than or equal to 300MPa, and the tensile strength (Rm) is more than or equal to 420 MPa.
It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The low-nickel and low-chromium ferritic stainless steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: ni: 0.6-1.0%, C: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, N: 0.0005 to 0.0150%, Si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, Mn: less than or equal to 1.20 percent, Cr: 11.0-12.0%, Ti: 0.10-0.30%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein Ti/(C + N) is 8-18;
wherein the impact toughness (Ak) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel at room temperature (25 ℃) is more than or equal to 100J;
the impact toughness (Ak) of the low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel at minus 40 ℃ (-40 ℃) is more than or equal to 50J.
2. The low nickel, low chromium ferritic stainless steel of claim 1 which is monostable, wherein only the stabilizing element Ti is contained in the low nickel, low chromium ferritic stainless steel.
3. The low nickel, low chromium ferritic stainless steel of claim 1, characterized by a yield strength (rp0.2) of not less than 300 Mpa.
4. The low-nickel low-chromium ferritic stainless steel of claim 1, characterized by a tensile strength (Rm) of not less than 420 MPa.
5. A method of manufacturing the low nickel, low chromium ferritic stainless steel of any of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
first, a smelting and casting step is performed in which a billet is smelted and continuously cast according to the chemical composition (in mass percent) of claim 1 to obtain a cast billet;
secondly, a heating step is executed, wherein the casting blank is uniformly heated and subjected to heat preservation to obtain uniformly heated steel blanks;
thirdly, performing a hot rolling step, wherein the steel billet is hot rolled and then cooled to obtain a hot rolled coil;
finally, an annealing step is carried out, wherein the hot rolled coil is sequentially annealed, heat preserved and acid washed;
in the heating step, uniformly heating the casting blank to 1100-1200 ℃, and preserving heat in a mode of 9-11min per 10mm thick casting blank;
in the hot rolling step, the billet is hot-rolled at 830-930 ℃ and the total rolling deformation is 92-98%;
in the annealing step, the hot rolled coil is subjected to bell-type furnace annealing at 700-850 ℃ for 6-14 hours.
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| CN101538684A (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2009-09-23 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Stainless steel tube for brake system of rail vehicle and method for producing same |
| CN102260833A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-11-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of stainless steel for high-performance B4003M truck |
| KR20160078849A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2016-07-05 | 주식회사 포스코 | High strength structural steel having low yield ratio and good impact toughness and preparing method for the same |
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| CN101538684A (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2009-09-23 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Stainless steel tube for brake system of rail vehicle and method for producing same |
| CN102260833A (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2011-11-30 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of stainless steel for high-performance B4003M truck |
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