CN109928414B - Method for synchronously preparing calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering - Google Patents

Method for synchronously preparing calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering Download PDF

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CN109928414B
CN109928414B CN201910353081.6A CN201910353081A CN109928414B CN 109928414 B CN109928414 B CN 109928414B CN 201910353081 A CN201910353081 A CN 201910353081A CN 109928414 B CN109928414 B CN 109928414B
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roasting
temperature
aluminum
desulfurizer
aluminum ash
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CN109928414A (en
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张元波
苏子键
姜涛
刘会群
曹楚天
范晓慧
李光辉
彭志伟
饶明军
黄柱成
郭宇峰
杨永斌
王嘉
涂义康
古佛全
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for synchronously preparing a calcium aluminate system steel-making desulfurizer by removing impurities through sintering aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the aluminum ash and a calcium-containing raw material, and pressing into a briquette; drying the obtained block mass, sequentially placing the block mass in an air atmosphere for roasting at a first low temperature, placing the block mass in a strong oxidizing atmosphere for roasting at a second medium temperature, placing the block mass in an air atmosphere for roasting at a third high temperature, performing fusion roasting at the third high temperature, cooling and crushing the roasted product to obtain the product 12CaO 7Al2O3A premelting calcium aluminate desulfurizer as a main phase; the method uses the industrial waste residues as main raw materials, has wide raw material sources, low cost, higher added value, simple operation, low production cost and environmental protection, and meets the requirements of industrial production.

Description

Method for synchronously preparing calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for preparing a calcium aluminate system steelmaking desulfurizer by using aluminum ash, in particular to a method for synchronously preparing the calcium aluminate system steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurity elements by sintering the aluminum ash at a high temperature, belonging to the field of mineral processing and ferrous metallurgy.
Background
The aluminum ash is aluminum-containing waste residue generated in the processes of alumina electrolysis, aluminum processing and waste regeneration, according to incomplete statistics, 30-50kg of aluminum ash can be formed when one ton of electrolytic aluminum is produced, and the total amount of the aluminum ash generated in China is up to 100 plus 200 million tons each year. The aluminum ash contains 30-70% of metallic aluminum, has extremely high recovery value, and also contains impurity elements such as nitrogen, chlorine, fluorine, potassium, sodium and the like. The aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash is generated by the reaction of metal aluminum and nitrogen in the high-temperature process, the aluminum nitride has a stable structure and a high melting point, but the aluminum nitride reacts with rainwater in the stockpiling process to slowly generate ammonia gas, so that the environment is seriously polluted. Therefore, the national records of dangerous wastes classify the aluminum ash as hazardous wastes, and 1000 yuan of environmental tax is charged for discharging each ton of aluminum ash.
The aluminum content in the aluminum ash is far higher than that of natural aluminum-containing ores, and the comprehensive utilization value is extremely high. In order to realize the comprehensive utilization of the aluminum ash, researchers have developed a tilting rotary kiln treatment method, a gravity separation method, an electric separation method, a centrifugal method, a mechanical screening method and the like. In order to remove nitrogen elements in aluminum ash and avoid harmful gases such as ammonia gas and the like generated in the processing, the aluminum ash is denitrified under the action of a catalyst and alkali liquor, and the ammonia gas is promoted to overflow by heating and is recovered to prepare ammonia water; however, the wet process requires the investment of large reaction equipment with high sealing performance, which increases the production cost.
Sulfur is one of main harmful elements in the steel-making process, the hot brittleness and the anisotropy of steel products can be caused by high sulfur content, and the sulfur content is required to be lower than 0.005 percent or even 0.001 percent in the production of general stainless steel. In order to remove sulfur element in molten steel, a deoxidizer is required to be added in the electric furnace smelting process for slagging, and the calcium aluminate premelting steel-making desulfurizer has the advantages of low melting point (1450 ℃), short liquid phase forming time, uniform components, strong desulfurization capability, low fluorine content and the like. However, when the calcium aluminate is prepared by using high-quality minerals such as alumina, bauxite and the like, impurities such as silicon, titanium and the like are difficult to remove, and particularly, the silicon oxide can be reduced into simple substance silicon in an electric furnace and enters molten steel to influence the quality of steel. The aluminum ash has low silicon content and is a high-quality aluminum-containing source, but the prior art does not report the preparation of the calcium aluminate system steel-making desulfurizer by using the aluminum ash as an aluminum source.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of high production cost, complex process, easy generation of secondary pollution and the like commonly existing in the comprehensive utilization process of aluminum ash in the prior art, and the defects that aluminum source impurities such as aluminum oxide, bauxite and the like are difficult to remove in the preparation process of the existing calcium aluminate system steel-making desulfurizer, the invention aims to provide the desulfurizer which uses aluminum ash as the aluminum source, a method for gradually removing impurity elements and synchronously obtaining the high-quality calcium aluminate system steel-making desulfurizer by controlling the temperature and the atmosphere to carry out high-temperature sintering, the method converts nitrogen in the aluminum nitride component in the aluminum ash into nitrogen which is harmless to the environment, avoids secondary environmental pollution caused by NOx formation, and simultaneously, harmful elements such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride in the aluminum ash are removed, the aluminum component is converted into calcium aluminate, and the high-added-value steel-making desulfurizer is prepared.
In order to realize the technical purpose, the invention provides a method for synchronously preparing a calcium aluminate system steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities by sintering aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the aluminum ash and a calcium-containing raw material, and pressing into a briquette; and drying the obtained block masses, sequentially roasting in an air atmosphere to perform first-stage low-temperature roasting, roasting in a strong oxidizing atmosphere to perform second-stage medium-temperature roasting, roasting in an air atmosphere to perform third-stage high-temperature melting roasting, and cooling and crushing the roasted product to obtain the calcium aluminate desulfurizer.
In a preferable scheme, the molar ratio of Al to Ca elements is controlled to be 1: 1.02-1: 1.1 according to the proportion of the aluminum ash to the calcium-containing raw material.
In a more preferable scheme, the calcium-containing raw material comprises at least one of quick lime, slaked lime, limestone and steel slag.
More preferably, the calcium-containing material has a silica content of less than 3.0%. More preferably the calcium-containing material has a silica content of less than 1.0%.
In a preferred embodiment, the conditions of the first-stage low-temperature roasting are as follows: the temperature is 300-500 ℃ and the time is 120-180 min. The oxidizing calcination is preferably carried out under relatively low temperature conditions and in an air atmosphere, mainly for the purpose of oxidizing the metallic aluminum phase in the aluminum ash to active aluminum oxide.
In a preferred scheme, the two-stage medium-temperature roasting conditions are as follows: the temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the time is 90-150 min, and the volume percentage of oxygen in the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2) 40-65%. The preferred two-stage roasting is carried out at high temperature and strong oxidizing atmosphere for promoting the decomposition of calcium-containing material to produce active calcium oxide, and the reaction of calcium oxide and aluminum nitride in aluminum ash is utilized at high temperature and oxidizing atmosphere to promote the conversion of aluminum nitride into N2And simultaneously, the volatilization and removal of sodium chloride and potassium chloride are realized at high temperature, so that impurity elements in the components are reduced, and most of aluminum-containing components in the aluminum ash are converted into calcium n-aluminate precursors.
In a preferred scheme, the three-stage high-temperature melting roasting conditions are as follows: the temperature is 1480-1620 ℃, and the time is 180-240 min. The melting reaction is preferably carried out at a high temperature in order to promote the reaction between the aluminum and calcium oxides.
Preferably, the diameter of the briquette is about 15 mm.
Preferably, the roasted product is crushed to a size of 5mm or less.
The key point of the technology of the invention is to carry out high-efficiency removal of various impurity elements and high-efficiency conversion of aluminum in the process of preparing the calcium aluminate desulfurizer by using aluminum ash as an aluminum source. The invention firstly carries out oxidizing roasting under the condition of relatively low temperature and in the air atmosphere, promotes the metal aluminum phase in the aluminum ash to be oxidized into aluminum oxide by controlling the temperature and the atmosphere, and avoids the system caused by the melting of the simple substance of aluminumElement segregation and reaction are not uniform; on the basis, the calcium-containing material is promoted to decompose to produce the active calcium oxide by raising the temperature and adjusting the oxidizing atmosphere for secondary roasting, the calcium oxide reacts with the aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash at high temperature, and the aluminum nitride is promoted to be converted into N by combining with the atmosphere with strong oxidizing property2Meanwhile, the volatilization and removal of sodium chloride and potassium chloride are realized at high temperature, so that impurity elements in the components are reduced, and most of aluminum-containing components in the aluminum ash are converted into calcium n-aluminate precursors; the invention further heats up to carry out three-stage high-temperature melting roasting, promotes the reaction between aluminum and calcium oxide to be thorough, and improves the utilization rate of aluminum raw materials.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the technical scheme of the invention adopts the calcium-containing raw material which has obvious promotion effects on the damage of the internal structure of the aluminum ash and the improvement of the conversion rate of aluminum, and the calcium-containing raw material can strengthen the oxidative decomposition of the stable phase of aluminum nitride and promote the conversion of the aluminum-containing component into calcium aluminate, thereby preparing the calcium aluminate with 12 CaO.7 Al2O3Is a main phase steel-making desulfurizer.
2) According to the technical scheme, the removal of potassium, sodium and chlorine elements is promoted and the oxidative decomposition of aluminum nitride is enhanced by gas regulation and control of multi-stage roasting, wherein nitrogen elements are mainly converted into nitrogen which is harmless to the environment, and the generation amount of NOx meets the emission standard.
3) The comprehensive utilization technical method of the aluminum ash is simple to operate, low in energy consumption and cost and easy to realize industrial production.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present disclosure, but not to limit the scope of the claims.
Comparative example 1:
taking aluminum ash (the aluminum content is 65.6 percent, the nitrogen content is 7.2 percent and the chlorine content is 4.6 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly, mixing the aluminum ash and slaked lime according to the aluminum-calcium element ratio of 1:1.02, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then pressing the mixture into a briquette with the diameter of 15 mm; after the lumps are fully dried, the lumps are placed in an air atmosphere for roasting at the roasting temperature of 1580 ℃ for roasting time360 min; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizing agent which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 43.2 percent) has the melting point of 1525 ℃ and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 75.3 percent and 73.5 percent.
Comparative example 2:
taking aluminum ash (the aluminum content is 65.6 percent, the nitrogen content is 7.2 percent and the chlorine content is 4.6 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly, mixing the aluminum ash and slaked lime according to the aluminum-calcium element ratio of 1:1.02, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then pressing the mixture into a briquette with the diameter of 15 mm; after the lumps are fully dried, placing the lumps in an air atmosphere for primary roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 300 ℃, and the roasting time is 180 min; the second-stage roasting temperature is 800 ℃, the roasting time is 150min, and the roasting atmosphere is air; the three-section melting roasting temperature is 1550 ℃, the roasting time is 180min, and the roasting atmosphere is air; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizer which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 88.2 percent) has a melting point of 1495 ℃, and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 99.3 percent and 53.5 percent.
Example 1:
taking aluminum ash (the aluminum content is 65.6 percent, the nitrogen content is 7.2 percent and the chlorine content is 4.6 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly, mixing the aluminum ash and slaked lime according to the aluminum-calcium element ratio of 1:1.02, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and then pressing the mixture into a briquette with the diameter of 15 mm; after the lumps are fully dried, placing the lumps in an air atmosphere for primary roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 300 ℃, and the roasting time is 180 min; the second stage roasting temperature is 800 deg.C, the roasting time is 150min, and the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2) 65 percent; the three-section melting roasting temperature is 1580 ℃, the roasting time is 180min, and the roasting atmosphere is air; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizing agent which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 93.2 percent) has the melting point of 1425 ℃ and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 99.3 percent and 98.5 percent.
Example 2:
taking aluminum ash (the aluminum content is 65.6 percent, the nitrogen content is 7.2 percent and the chlorine content is 4.6 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly, mixing the aluminum ash and limestone (the silicon dioxide content is lower than 1 percent) according to the aluminum-calcium element ratio of 1:1.05, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and pressing the mixture into a briquette with the diameter of 15 mm; after the lumps are fully dried, placing the lumps in an air atmosphere for primary roasting at the roasting temperature of 500 ℃ for 120 min; the second stage roasting temperature is 1000 deg.C, the roasting time is 90min, and the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2) 40%; the three-section melting roasting temperature is 1480 ℃, the roasting time is 240min, and the roasting atmosphere is air; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizer which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 90.2 percent) has a melting point of 1380 ℃, and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 99.0 percent and 98.1 percent.
Example 3:
taking aluminum ash (the aluminum content is 65.6 percent, the nitrogen content is 7.2 percent and the chlorine content is 4.6 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly, mixing the aluminum ash and steel slag (the silicon dioxide content is lower than 1 percent) according to the aluminum-calcium element ratio of 1:1.1, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and pressing the mixture into a briquette with the diameter of 15 mm; after the lumps are fully dried, placing the lumps in an air atmosphere for primary roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 450 ℃, and the roasting time is 150 min; the second stage roasting temperature is 900 deg.C, the roasting time is 120min, and the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2) 55 percent; the three-section melting roasting temperature is 1600 ℃, the roasting time is 180min, and the roasting atmosphere is air; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizing agent which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 90.1 percent) has the melting point of 1450 ℃ and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 99.5 percent and 98.7 percent.
Example 4:
taking aluminum ash (the content of aluminum is 58.6 percent, the content of nitrogen is 6.9 percent and the content of chlorine is 6.9 percent) of a certain aluminum metallurgical plant as a raw material, firstly mixing the aluminum ash with limestone, quicklime and steel slag (the content of silicon dioxide is lower than 1 percent) according to the element ratio of aluminum to calcium of 1:1.08, uniformly mixing the raw materials, and pressing the mixture into blocks with the diameter of 15mm(ii) a After the lumps are fully dried, placing the lumps in an air atmosphere for primary roasting, wherein the roasting temperature is 405 ℃, and the roasting time is 150 min; the second stage roasting temperature is 925 deg.C, the roasting time is 120min, and the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2) 50 percent; three-section melting roasting temperature is 1620 ℃, roasting time is 180min, and roasting atmosphere is air; after the baking, the baked product was cooled and crushed to 5mm or less to obtain 12CaO 7Al2O3The product of the desulfurizing agent which is a main phase (the theoretical content is 92.1 percent) has the melting point of 1450 ℃ and the removal rates of main harmful elements of nitrogen and chlorine in the preparation process are respectively 99.7 percent and 98.9 percent.

Claims (3)

1. A method for synchronously preparing calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing the aluminum ash and the calcium-containing raw material uniformly, and pressing into a briquette; drying the obtained block masses, sequentially roasting in an air atmosphere to perform first-stage low-temperature roasting, roasting in a strong oxidizing atmosphere to perform second-stage medium-temperature roasting, and roasting in an air atmosphere to perform third-stage high-temperature melting roasting, wherein the roasted product is cooled and crushed to obtain the calcium aluminate desulfurizer;
the conditions of the first-stage low-temperature roasting are as follows: the temperature is 300-500 ℃, and the time is 120-180 min;
the two-stage medium-temperature roasting conditions are as follows: the temperature is 800-1000 ℃, the time is 90-150 min, and the volume percentage of oxygen in the roasting atmosphere is O2/(O2+N2)=40~65%;
The three-stage high-temperature melting roasting conditions are as follows: the temperature is 1480-1620 ℃, and the time is 180-240 min.
2. The method for synchronously preparing the calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the molar ratio of the Al element to the Ca element is controlled to be 1: 1.02-1: 1.1.
3. The method for synchronously preparing the calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by removing impurities through aluminum ash sintering according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the calcium-containing raw material comprises at least one of quick lime, slaked lime, limestone and steel slag; the calcium-containing material has a silica content of less than 3.0%.
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CN110451542A (en) * 2019-09-20 2019-11-15 宁夏正丰环保建材有限公司 A kind of technique and production system using aluminium ash production calcium aluminate powder
CN112076618B (en) * 2020-09-17 2022-08-09 刘保成 Method for desulfurization and denitrification of refractory bricks by using denitrification agent
CN112267018A (en) * 2020-09-29 2021-01-26 朱广东 Aluminum magnesium co-production process
CN112723400B (en) * 2020-12-18 2022-02-11 中南大学 Method for melting calcium aluminate by synchronously activating, inerting, impurity removing and low-magnesium aluminum ash
CN112680564B (en) * 2020-12-18 2021-12-28 中南大学 Method for preparing calcium aluminate steelmaking desulfurizer by melting high magnesium aluminum ash
CN113683108B (en) * 2021-09-28 2023-07-25 兰溪市博远金属有限公司 Method for preparing calcium aluminate product by using secondary aluminum ash
CN113913619A (en) * 2021-10-11 2022-01-11 北京科技大学 Method for efficiently removing nitrogen from secondary aluminum ash and preparing premelted calcium aluminate refining agent
CN114455617B (en) * 2022-02-24 2023-07-21 肇庆南都再生铝业有限公司 Method for producing calcium aluminate by using aluminum ash
CN114871240B (en) * 2022-03-30 2023-05-30 湖南博一环保科技有限公司 Electrolytic manganese filter pressing slag for ammonia nitrogen removal and desulfurization as well as preparation method and application thereof
CN114875194B (en) * 2022-04-25 2023-11-14 武汉钢铁有限公司 Molten iron lime-based KR efficient desulfurizing agent and preparation method thereof

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