CN109924151A - A kind of device for culturing prawn and method of continuous concentration blowdown - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses the device for culturing prawn and method of a kind of continuous concentration blowdown, the high-order aquaculture pond of sewage draining exit is equipped with including bottom, feature is that the water surface of high-order aquaculture pond is provided with an at least waterwheel, high-order aquaculture pond is vertically arranged at least one air lift blowdown apparatus, air lift blowdown apparatus includes the stripping tube being docked and connected with sewage draining exit, it is provided with the nanometer aeration pipe of at least one connection pressure air pipe in stripping tube, is provided with electromagnetic air valve on pressure air pipe；The bottom sides of stripping tube offer inlet opening, lower part in stripping tube is provided with quill, the inner wall of quill is fixedly installed at least one layer of for retaining the U-shaped strainer of solid particle residue, sewage draining exit is connected with the sewage pipe with electromagnetism blowdown valve row, electromagnetic air valve and electromagnetism blowdown valve are electrically connected with automatic controller for water level respectively, advantage is to realize to cut dirty concentration and continuous automatic pollution discharge in breeding process, eliminates the slough of feed coefficient sewage draining exit, improves.

Description

A shrimp culture device and method for continuous concentration and sewage discharge

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a shrimp culture device and method for continuous concentration and sewage discharge.

Background technique

Penaeus vannamei is one of the most important aquaculture species in China. It occupies an important position in the fishery economy and has made important contributions to the increase of fishery efficiency and fishermen's income. The current high-density shrimp aquaculture mode can be divided into industrial circulating aquaculture mode and high-level pond aquaculture mode, and the high-level tank aquaculture mode is the main mode. The factory circulating aquaculture mode is to purify the water in the aquaculture pond outside the pond and recycle it for use; the water in the aquaculture pond is generally circulated 5-6 times a day, and it needs to rely on external water treatment facilities and equipment, and the capital investment and operation cost are high. At present, it is difficult to popularize in a large area, and it is difficult to apply to the renovation of existing high-level pools.

In high-level pond culture, the bottom of the pond is generally designed as a pot-bottom type, which is stirred by a waterwheel to form a rotating water flow. In order to prevent the water flow from disturbing the residual bait and feces collected near the sewage outlet, aeration and oxygenation cannot be performed near the sewage outlet of the high-level pool, thus forming a dead water area around the sewage outlet of the high-level tank, resulting in extremely low dissolved oxygen near the sewage outlet, and even anaerobic conditions. In addition, under anoxic and anaerobic conditions, the residual bait and feces will decompose to produce toxic substances such as ammonia nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide, making the pool water near the sewage outlet black and smelly, so when the sewage is discharged from the high-level pool , usually discharges stinky black water. Generally speaking, the sewage is discharged once a day in the early stage of shrimp high-level pond culture, and the sewage is discharged 3-5 times a day in the later stage, all of which belong to intermittent sewage discharge with a long interval. During the period, the residual bait and feces will be dissolved and dispersed or dissolved into the water body under the action of microbial decomposition, making the The water quality of the aquaculture water is gradually deteriorating, so the current shrimp high-level pond culture still needs to change the water regularly to maintain the aquaculture water quality on the basis of sewage. However, due to the large differences in water quality and water temperature between the inside and outside of the aquaculture pond, frequent and large water changes can easily cause a stress response to shrimp, which in turn affects the success rate of shrimp culture in high-level ponds.

Residual bait and feces stay in the breeding pond for too long, which is the root cause of the deterioration of the water quality of the breeding pond, and the aeration and oxygenation near the sewage outlet cannot be aerated, forming a dead water area and aggravating the deterioration of the water quality. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the residual bait and manure from the culture pond in a solid form in time, and eliminate the dead water area. At present, there are also improvements in the way of shrimp farming sewage, such as the patent CN201210251885 and the document "Cultivation System Using Foam Separation Device", which proposes to use an external air flotation device to continuously separate small particles of impurities and proteins. Granular excrement and residual bait still need to be discharged intermittently through traditional sewage discharge methods, and there is no fundamental solution to the problem; CN201611106726 proposes an industrialized shrimp farming system and method based on air-lifting cycle, which is essentially an external method for water extraction through air-lift sewage discharge device. It is difficult to apply to high-level ponds with large water bodies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shrimp farming device and method capable of concentrating residual bait feces and discharging the high-level pond in time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a prawn culture device and method that realizes sewage interception and concentration and continuous automatic sewage discharge during the breeding process, eliminates the dead water area of the sewage outlet of the high-level tank, and improves the water quality of the high-level tank culture water body.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: a shrimp culture device for continuous concentration and discharge of sewage, comprising a square or circular high-level culture pond, the bottom of the high-level culture pond is provided with at least one sewage outlet, and the The water surface of the high-level culture pond is provided with at least one waterwheel for promoting the formation of a swirling flow in the whole pool of water, and at least one air lift sewage device for forming an updraft is longitudinally arranged in the high-level culture pond. The sewage lifting device includes an airlifting pipe, the top opening of the airlifting pipe extends out of the water surface of the high-level culture pond and the bottom of the airlifting pipe is connected with the corresponding sewage outlet, and the airlifting pipe is provided with at least A nano-aeration pipe, the nano-aeration pipe is connected with the external aerator through a compressed air pipe, and the compressed air pipe is provided with an electromagnetic air valve for controlling the on-off of the compressed air pipe pipeline ;

The bottom side of the air lift pipe is provided with a water inlet hole, the lower part of the air lift pipe is provided with a movable sleeve for opening and closing the water inlet hole, and the inner wall of the movable sleeve is fixedly arranged There is at least one layer of U-shaped filter screen for intercepting solid particle residues, and the inner wall of the air-lifting pipe and below the nano-aeration pipe is provided with a limit for limiting the rising position of the movable sleeve. bit snap ring;

The sewage outlet is connected with a sewage pipe, the sewage pipe is provided with an electromagnetic sewage valve, an automatic water level controller is arranged near the upper water outlet of the air lift pipe, the electromagnetic air valve and the The electromagnetic blowdown valves are respectively electrically connected with the automatic water level controller.

Preferably, the bottom of the high-level culture pond slopes toward the sewage outlet with a slope of 5-20‰. The bottom slope is conducive to the accelerated sliding of residual bait and manure to the central sewage outlet.

Preferably, a layer of anti-escape net for preventing the shrimp from being sucked into the air lift pipe is sleeved on the outer side of the water inlet hole. After avoiding shrimp inhalation, it will be intercepted by the filter screen and finally discharged into the aquaculture pond with the backflow of sewage, resulting in losses.

Preferably, the U-shaped filter screen has two layers, and from bottom to top are a first-level U-shaped filter screen for intercepting large particles of residual bait and feces and a second-level U-shaped filter screen for intercepting small particle suspended solids. network. Realize the classification and interception of feces, residual bait and small suspended solids in water.

Preferably, the mesh number of the first-stage U-shaped filter screen is 50-150 mesh, and the mesh number of the second-stage U-shaped filter screen is 150-300 mesh.

Preferably, the width of the high-level culture pond is 4-20 times the diameter of the air lift pipe, and the diameter of the movable sleeve is slightly smaller than the diameter of the air lift pipe.

Preferably, the sewage outlet is one and is arranged in the center of the bottom of the high-level culture pond, and the air-lift sewage discharge device is one and is arranged longitudinally in the center of the high-level culture pond.

Preferably, the number of the air-lifting sewage devices is 2N+1, and one of the air-lifting sewage devices is longitudinally arranged in the center of the high-level culture pond, and the remaining air-lifting sewage devices are evenly distributed On its outer circumference, the sewage pipe of the air-lifting sewage device located on the outer circumference is connected to the central sewage pipe of the high-level culture pond, and the sewage outlet of the air-lifting sewage device located on the outer circumference faces the waterwheel. The water flow formed by running agitation is in the same direction, where N=1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

A method for culturing prawns by the above-mentioned prawn culturing device for continuous concentrating and discharging sewage, comprising the following steps:

(1) Turn on the waterwheel, and under the action of the waterwheel, a rotating water flow is formed in the high-level breeding pond, and the residual bait and manure at the bottom of the pond is gradually collected to the center of the high-level breeding pond;

(2) Open the electromagnetic air valve, send air to the nano aeration tube through the compressed air tube, a gas-water mixture is formed in the air-lifting tube, the water level rises, and the water is lifted. Under the action of the rising water flow, the movable sleeve rises to the limit card In the ring position, the water inlet hole at the bottom of the high-level breeding pond is fully opened to enter the water, and the solid particle residue in the water is retained through the U-shaped filter;

(3) With the increase of the retention of the U-shaped filter, the water flux of the U-shaped filter gradually decreases, and the water level in the air lift pipe gradually decreases. When it drops to the preset water level, the water level automatic controller sends a control signal. , close the electromagnetic air valve and simultaneously open the electromagnetic sewage valve on the sewage pipe, the nano aeration pipe stops working, the sewage starts, and the water in the air stripping pipe starts to flow back immediately. Under the combined action of gravity and downward water flow, the movable sleeve descends, The water inlet hole is blocked and closed by the movable sleeve, the solid particle residue trapped on the U-shaped filter screen is washed by the reverse flow of water, and discharged from the high-level breeding pond through the sewage outlet. After that, close the electromagnetic sewage valve, the sewage will stop, and open the electromagnetic air valve at the same time, the nano-aeration tube will resume work, and enter the next working filtration cycle; in the shrimp breeding process, the carbon source should be added according to 5-30% of the quality of the bait. A method for culturing prawns with concentrated and continuous sewage discharge is formed.

The carbon source is molasses or brown sugar.

Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

1) The residence time of residual bait and manure in the aquaculture water is short, and the water quality of the aquaculture pond can be kept in good condition for a long time. Existing high-level breeding ponds are generally discharged once every 4-6 hours. Using the device of the present invention, the feces and residual bait collected into the sewage outlet are intercepted and concentrated by the filter screen in the air lift pipe at any time, and are quickly discharged into the high-level culture pond through backwashing. Reduce the total amount of pollutants entering the water body of aquaculture ponds through dissolution, decomposition, etc., and ensure the water quality of aquaculture water;

2) There is no dead water area in the whole high-level breeding pond. Since the bottom water body of the central sewage outlet is continuously lifted by the air-lift sewage device, the air-lift sewage device also has the function of aeration and oxygenation. There is no dead water area or anoxic area in the entire high-level aquaculture pond, and there is no unfavorable space for shrimp survival. High-level culture The pool space is effectively used;

3) Low water consumption for aquaculture. Due to the effect of filtration and concentration, the amount of water required to discharge the same pollutants is greatly reduced, and the water consumption of the entire breeding cycle is greatly reduced;

4) The collection speed is fast. Since the water inlet of the air lift sewage device is set at the bottom sewage outlet, the bottom water body is continuously lifted upwards, and the bottom water body continuously flows to the central sewage pipe, which speeds up the collection speed of feces and residual bait at the bottom of the pool to the sewage outlet;

5) Low carbon source dosage. The carbon source dosage only accounts for 5-30% of the feeding amount. Compared with the 1:1 carbon source dosage in the current biological floc culture mode, the carbon source dosage is significantly reduced, and the formation of high-level aquaculture ponds. High bacterial phase, improve the self-purification ability of the aquaculture system, purify the pollutants remaining in the aquaculture water, and realize less or no water exchange in the aquaculture system, thereby significantly reducing the total amount of water exchanged in the aquaculture cycle;

6) Conducive to the stable operation of the tail water centralized purification treatment device. The continuous sewage discharge process is also conducive to the stable operation of the centralized purification treatment device for discharged tail water and ensures a good purification effect.

To sum up, the present invention is a prawn culture device and method for continuously concentrating and discharging sewage. An air-lifting sewage discharge device with the function of filtering and intercepting feces and residual bait is arranged at the sewage outlet, which can concentrate the residual bait and feces and discharge the high-level pond in time. The water body near the sewage outlet is aerated and oxygenated by the air lift sewage device and raised to the water surface. There is no dead water area in the whole pool of the high-level pond, which changes the current anoxic and anaerobic state near the sewage outlet of the high-level pond for shrimp farming, and increases the prawn. Effective space for activity, and by inputting a certain amount of carbon source every day, a prawn culture method with continuous concentration and sewage discharge is formed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the prawn cultivating device that is used for the small-area high-level cultivating pond in embodiment 1;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the shrimp culture device used for the large-area high-level culture pond in Example 2; wherein the figure is marked as follows: 1 high-level culture pond, 2 sewage outlet, 3 water wheel, 4 air lift sewage device, 5 air lift pipe , 6 nanometer aeration pipe, 7 pressure air pipe, 8 electromagnetic air valve, 9 water inlet, 10 movable sleeve, 11 first-level U-shaped filter, 12 second-level U-shaped filter, 13 limit snap ring, 14 Sewage pipes, 15 electromagnetic sewage valves, 16 automatic water level controllers, and 17 anti-escape nets.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments of the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A prawn culturing device for continuous concentrating and discharging sewage, as shown in Figure 1, includes a square or circular high-level breeding pond 1, a sewage outlet 2 is arranged in the center of the bottom of the high-level breeding pond 1, and the water surface of the high-level breeding pond 1 is provided with at least A waterwheel 3 is used to promote the formation of a swirling flow in the water body of the whole pond. The center of the high-level culture pond 1 is longitudinally provided with an air-lifting sewage device 4 for forming an updraft. The air-lifting sewage device 4 includes an air-lifting pipe 5. The air-lifting pipe The top opening of 5 extends out of the water surface of high-level cultivating pond 1 and its bottom is connected with the sewage outlet 2. At least one nano-aeration tube 6 is provided in the air-lifting tube 5, and the nano-aeration tube 6 is connected to the outside through the compressed air tube 7. The aerator is connected, and the pressure air pipe 7 is provided with an electromagnetic air valve 8 for controlling the on-off of the pressure air pipe 7;

The bottom side of the air lift pipe 5 is provided with a water inlet hole 9, the lower part of the air lift pipe 5 is provided with a movable sleeve 10 for opening and closing the water inlet hole 9, and the inner wall of the movable sleeve 10 is sequentially fixed from bottom to top. There are a first-level U-shaped filter screen 11 for intercepting large particle residual bait and feces and a second-level U-shaped filter screen 12 for intercepting small particle suspended solids. A limit snap ring 13 for limiting the ascending position of the movable sleeve 10 is provided;

The sewage outlet 2 is connected with a sewage pipe 14, an electromagnetic blowdown valve 15 is arranged on the blowdown pipe 14, an automatic water level controller 16 is arranged near the upper water outlet of the air lift pipe 5, and the electromagnetic air valve 8 and the electromagnetic blowdown valve 15 are respectively connected with the water level automatically. The controller 16 is electrically connected.

In this specific embodiment, the bottom of the high-level culture pond 1 slopes toward the sewage outlet 2 with a slope of 5-20‰, which is conducive to the accelerated sliding of the residual bait and manure to the central sewage outlet 2; the mesh number of the first-level U-shaped filter screen 11 is 50 -150 mesh, the mesh number of the secondary U-shaped filter screen 12 is 150-300 mesh; the width of the high-level culture pond 1 is 4-20 times the diameter of the airlifting pipe 5, and the diameter of the movable sleeve 10 is slightly smaller than that of the airlifting pipe 5. The outer side of the water inlet hole 9 is sleeved with a layer of anti-escape net 17 used to prevent the shrimp from being sucked into the air lift pipe 5.

The method for culturing prawns by utilizing the prawn culturing device of the above-mentioned continuous concentrating and discharging sewage comprises the following steps:

(1) Turn on the waterwheel 3, and under the action of the waterwheel 3, a rotating water flow is formed in the high-level breeding pond 1, which promotes the residual bait and manure at the bottom of the pond to gradually collect to the center of the high-level breeding pond 1;

(2) Open the electromagnetic air valve 8, convey air to the nano-aeration pipe 6 through the compressed air pipe 7, form an air-water mixture in the air-lifting pipe 5, the water level rises, and the water is lifted. 10 Raise to the position of the limit snap ring 13, the water inlet hole 9 at the bottom of the high-level culture pond 1 is fully opened to enter the water, and the solid particle residue in the water is intercepted by the U-shaped filter screen;

(3) With the increase of the retention of the U-shaped filter, the water flux of the U-shaped filter gradually decreases, and the water level in the air lift pipe 5 gradually decreases. When it drops to the preset water level, the water level automatic controller 16 Send a control signal, close the electromagnetic air valve 8 and open the electromagnetic sewage valve 15 on the sewage pipe 14 synchronously, the nano-aeration pipe 6 stops working, the sewage starts, and the water in the air stripping pipe 5 starts to flow back immediately, and the gravity and downward water flow Under the combined action, the movable sleeve 10 descends, the water inlet hole 9 is blocked and closed by the movable sleeve 10, and the solid particle residue retained on the U-shaped filter screen is washed by the reverse flow of water, and is discharged through the sewage outlet 2. After controlling the sewage discharge for 10-20 seconds, close the electromagnetic sewage valve 15 to stop sewage discharge, and open the electromagnetic air valve 8 at the same time, and the nano aeration pipe 6 resumes work and enters the next working filtration cycle; in shrimp farming During the process, carbon sources (molasses or brown sugar, etc.) are added according to 5-30% of the mass of the bait, forming a method for cultivating prawns with concentrated and continuous sewage.

Example 2

With the above-mentioned embodiment 1, the difference is: as shown in Figure 2, when the area of a single cultured shrimp pond is large, in order to speed up the sewage collection and discharge speed, a plurality of air lift sewage devices 4 can be set at a certain distance from the central sewage pipe 14, Connect the sewage pipe 14 of each air-lifting sewage device 4 to the central sewage pipe 14 of the shrimp pond, and at the same time, orient the sewage outlet 2 of all the air-lifting sewage devices 4 except the central sewage pipe 14 of the shrimp pond, and run with the waterwheel 3 to stir. The direction of the formed water flow is consistent, and the outflow of the air lift sewage device 4 is used to strengthen the rotation of the pool water, which can reduce the number of waterwheels 3 in operation.

The above description does not limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the essential scope of the present invention should also belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a prawn culturing device of continuous concentration and sewage discharge, comprises a square or circular high-level cultivating pond, and the bottom of the described high-level cultivating pond is provided with at least one sewage outlet, it is characterized in that: the water surface of the described high-level cultivating pond is provided with There is at least one waterwheel for promoting the formation of swirling flow in the whole pool of water, and at least one air-lifting sewage device for forming an updraft is longitudinally arranged in the high-level culture pond, and the air-lifting sewage device includes an air-lifting pipe. , the top opening of the air-lifting pipe extends out of the water surface of the high-level cultivating pond and the bottom of the air-lifting pipe is connected with the corresponding sewage outlet, and at least one nano-aeration pipe is arranged in the air-lifting pipe, The nano-aeration pipe is connected with the external aerator through a compressed air pipe, and an electromagnetic air valve for controlling the on-off of the compressed air pipe is provided on the compressed air pipe; The bottom side of the air lift pipe is provided with a water inlet hole, the lower part of the air lift pipe is provided with a movable sleeve for opening and closing the water inlet hole, and the inner wall of the movable sleeve is fixedly arranged There is at least one layer of U-shaped filter screen for intercepting solid particle residues, and the inner wall of the air-lifting pipe and below the nano-aeration pipe is provided with a limit for limiting the rising position of the movable sleeve. bit snap ring; The sewage outlet is connected with a sewage pipe, the sewage pipe is provided with an electromagnetic sewage valve, an automatic water level controller is arranged near the upper water outlet of the air lift pipe, the electromagnetic air valve and the The electromagnetic blowdown valves are respectively electrically connected with the automatic water level controller. 2 . The prawn culturing device for continuous concentration and sewage discharge according to claim 1 , wherein the bottom of the high-level cultivating pond slopes toward the sewage outlet with a slope of 5-20‰. 3 . 3. the prawn cultivating device of a kind of continuous concentrating sewage discharge according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the outer side of described water inlet is sheathed with a layer of anti-escape for preventing shrimp from being sucked into described air lift pipe network. 4. a kind of prawn cultivating device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described U-shaped filter screen is two layers and is used for intercepting large particle residual bait and feces sequentially from bottom to top. The primary U-shaped screen and the secondary U-shaped screen for retaining small suspended solids. 5. The prawn culturing device for continuous concentration and sewage discharge according to claim 4, characterized in that: the mesh number of the first-stage U-shaped filter screen is 50-150 meshes, and the second-stage The mesh of the U-shaped filter is 150-300 mesh. 6. The prawn culturing device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: the width of the high-level cultivating pond is 4-20 mm of the diameter of the air-lifting pipe times, the diameter of the movable sleeve is slightly smaller than the diameter of the air lift pipe. 7. The prawn culturing device according to claim 6, characterized in that: the sewage outlet is one and is arranged at the bottom center of the high-level cultivating pond, and the air-lifting sewage device It is one and is longitudinally arranged in the center of the high-level culture pond. 8 . The prawn culturing device with continuous concentration and sewage discharge according to claim 6 , wherein the number of the air-lift sewage devices is 2N+1, and one of the air-lift sewage devices is longitudinally arranged on the The center of the high-level cultivating pond and the remaining air-lifting sewage devices are evenly distributed on its outer periphery, and the sewage pipe of the air-lifting sewage-discharging device located on the outer periphery is connected to the central sewage pipe of the high-level cultivating pond, The direction of the sewage outlet of the air-lifting sewage device located on the outer periphery is consistent with the direction of the water flow formed by the running and stirring of the waterwheel, wherein N=1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. 9. a method utilizing the prawn cultivating device of continuous concentrating sewage discharge described in claim 6 to carry out prawn culture, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: (1) Turn on the waterwheel, and under the action of the waterwheel, a rotating water flow is formed in the high-level breeding pond, and the residual bait and manure at the bottom of the pond is gradually collected to the center of the high-level breeding pond; (2) Open the electromagnetic air valve, send air to the nano aeration tube through the compressed air tube, a gas-water mixture is formed in the air-lifting tube, the water level rises, and the water is lifted. Under the action of the rising water flow, the movable sleeve rises to the limit card In the ring position, the water inlet hole at the bottom of the high-level breeding pond is fully opened to enter the water, and the solid particle residue in the water is retained through the U-shaped filter; (3) With the increase of the retention of the U-shaped filter, the water flux of the U-shaped filter gradually decreases, and the water level in the air lift pipe gradually decreases. When it drops to the preset water level, the water level automatic controller sends a control signal. , close the electromagnetic air valve and simultaneously open the electromagnetic sewage valve on the sewage pipe, the nano aeration pipe stops working, the sewage starts, and the water in the air stripping pipe starts to flow back immediately. Under the combined action of gravity and downward water flow, the movable sleeve descends, The water inlet hole is blocked and closed by the movable sleeve, the solid particle residue trapped on the U-shaped filter screen is washed by the reverse flow of water, and discharged from the high-level breeding pond through the sewage outlet. After that, close the electromagnetic sewage valve, the sewage will stop, and open the electromagnetic air valve at the same time, the nano-aeration tube will resume work, and enter the next working filtration cycle; in the shrimp breeding process, the carbon source should be added according to 5-30% of the quality of the bait. A method for culturing prawns with concentrated and continuous sewage discharge is formed. 10 . The method for culturing prawns with continuous concentration and sewage discharge according to claim 9 , wherein the carbon source is molasses or brown sugar. 11 .