CN109922545B - Graphite heating element, graphite heater and design method - Google Patents
Graphite heating element, graphite heater and design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a graphite heating element, a graphite heater and a design method, wherein the graphite heater comprises n graphite heating element layers (n is more than or equal to 1), the n graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each graphite heating element layer forms an axisymmetric closed structure by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is consistent, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer is coplanar with the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer and has the same shape, and i is 1,2, … n. According to the invention, the graphite heating element is designed into the isosceles trapezoid structure, so that the specification and the number of the elements can be effectively reduced, the interchangeability is strong, and the installation is convenient; and for the rotary bodies with different sizes or similar rotary body structures, the method has certain universality and reduces the test expense.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermal tests of aircraft structures, and relates to a graphite heating element, a graphite heater and a design method, in particular to the graphite heating element, the graphite heater and the design method for a revolving body or a test piece similar to the revolving body.
Background
Along with the increasing Mach number of the flying vehicle, the corresponding pneumatic heating problem is also more serious, the local highest temperature is more than 1400 ℃, and the instantaneous heat flux density can reach 1.2MW/m2Above, this puts higher technical requirements on the conventional ground environment structure thermal test.
Under the condition that the heating temperature of the traditional quartz lamp can only reach 1200-1300 ℃, graphite is more used as a radiation heating element in a structural thermal test due to the advantages of high heating temperature, good strength, good thermal conductivity and the like; however, compared with the quartz lamp heating with the mature technology, the graphite heater is started later, and the design method of the graphite heater only refers to the quartz lamp heater.
In order to effectively ensure the realizability of the radiation heating effect, heaters such as quartz lamps, graphite and the like in the structural thermal test adopt a following design method according to the appearance of a test piece. At present, the core component of the graphite heater, namely the graphite heating element, is generally designed into a rod-shaped structure of U shape, S shape, waveform and the like by referring to a quartz lamp. When the heated test piece is in a conventional square or round shape, the graphite heater formed by the graphite heating element with the rod-shaped structure can well realize the radiation heating effect; however, when the test piece is a revolving body or a structure similar to the revolving body, such as a conical structure, the graphite heater with the rod-like structure not only results in a large number of specifications and required elements, a long production and processing period and high cost, but also has a small mechanical connection space at two ends of the element, is cumbersome to operate and is easy to break during installation.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of the invention in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the invention. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is discussed later.
The graphite heater, the design method and the graphite heating element are particularly suitable for the structural thermal test of a revolving body or a revolving body-like test piece.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
in one aspect, the present invention provides a graphite heater, which includes n graphite heating element layers (n is greater than or equal to 1), where the n graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each graphite heating element layer is formed by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements forming an axisymmetric closed structure in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is the same, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer is coplanar with the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer, and i is 1,2, … n.
Further, the bottom angles theta of the axial sections of the graphite heating element layers are the same;
further, the axial section base angle θ of the graphite heating element layer is determined as follows: according to the size of the test piece and the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece, a cone is designed, and the requirements between the cone and the test piece are as follows: 1) the cone can wrap the test piece in the test piece, and 2) the height and the axial section base angle of the cone meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece; thus, the height of the cone and the shaft section base angle can be determined; the bottom angle of the section of the shaft is made to be theta;
further, in each graphite heating element layer, each graphite heating element is the same.
Furthermore, in each graphite heating element layer, the number of the graphite heating elements is the same and is not less than 3;
further, the graphite heater also comprises a water-cooling electrode, a reflecting plate and a bracket, wherein the water-cooling electrode, the reflecting plate and the bracket are designed around the layout on the basis of the layout of the graphite heating element.
Furthermore, electrodes are processed at the upper end and the lower end of any one of the graphite heating elements and are connected by water-cooling electrodes, the graphite heating elements and the water-cooling electrodes are integrally assembled on the water-cooling reflecting plate, and the water-cooling reflecting plate is installed on the support.
In another aspect, the present invention further provides a design method of a graphite heater, which includes a layout design of graphite heating elements, and is implemented by the following steps:
according to the size of the test piece and the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece, a cone is designed, and the requirements between the cone and the test piece are as follows: 1) the cone can wrap the test piece in the test piece, and 2) the height of the cone and the bottom angle of the shaft section meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece; thus, the height of the cone and the shaft section base angle can be determined;
this step can be carried out according to the techniques known in the art and the practical requirements;
based on the cone obtained in the step 1, arranging graphite heating elements, wherein the graphite heating elements are arranged in n layers (n is more than or equal to 1), the n layers of graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each layer of graphite heating element layer forms an axisymmetric closed structure by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each layer of graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is consistent, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer and the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer are coplanar and have the same shape, and i is 1,2, … n;
furthermore, let:
the axial section base angle of the n graphite heating element layers is the axial section base angle of the cone;
the circumscribed circle of each regular polygon is coplanar with the cross-section of the cone (the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone);
the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon of the last layer in the graphite heating element layer is the bottom surface of the cone;
the specific layout method is as follows:
2.1 determining the number of graphite heating element layers,
the determination principle of the layer number is as follows: 1) the number of layers is not less than 1, and 2) the number of layers is not less than the number of heating temperature areas on the test piece;
2.2 determining the layer height of each of the graphite heating element layers,
values can be taken according to the specific temperature zone dividing requirements of the test piece;
2.3, determining the number of graphite heating elements in each graphite heating element layer,
the number of graphite heating elements of each graphite heating element layer is equal and is not less than 3;
2.4, determining the rest side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element.
Further, the remaining side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element are obtained by the following formulas:
Router cover＝a/2sin(π/m) (1)
h＝Hs/inθ (2)
l＝a-2h·tan(π/m) (3)
In the formula, ROuter cover-radius of the circumscribed circle;
a, the side length of a regular polygon is also the length of the lower bottom of an isosceles trapezoid;
m is the number of regular polygon sides;
h-the height of the isosceles trapezoid;
h, the layer height of the arrangement layer corresponding to the isosceles trapezoid is taken according to the specific temperature zone division requirement of the test piece in the structural thermal test;
l-the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoid.
Finally, the invention also provides a graphite heating element, and the shape of the graphite heating element is an isosceles trapezoid structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
based on the fact that the existing graphite heating element is usually designed into a U-shaped, S-shaped, waveform and other rod-shaped structures, when a test piece is a revolving body or a similar revolving body structure, the graphite heater formed by the rod-shaped structure not only can cause the specifications and the number of required elements to be numerous, the production and processing period to be long and the cost to be high, but also has small mechanical connection space at two ends of the elements, is complex to operate and is easy to break in the installation process;
according to the invention, the graphite heating element is designed into the isosceles trapezoid structure, so that the specification and the number of the elements can be effectively reduced, the interchangeability is strong, and the installation is convenient; and for the rotary bodies with different sizes or similar rotary body structures, the method has certain universality and reduces the test expense.
In addition, the graphite heater, the design method and the graphite heating element are particularly suitable for the structural thermal test of a revolving body or a revolving body-like test piece, solve the problem that the test piece is difficult to even difficult to carry out the structural thermal test meeting the uniform heating requirement, and have universality, wide application range and great application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a graphite heater according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout of graphite heating elements in a graphite heater provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a graphite heating element according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings:
1 graphite heating element, 2 water-cooled reflecting plate, 3 water-cooled electrode, 4 support base, 5 test piece.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details.
It should be noted that, in order to avoid obscuring the present invention with unnecessary details, only the device structures and/or processing steps that are closely related to the scheme according to the present invention are shown in the drawings, and other details that are not so relevant to the present invention are omitted.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a graphite heater, which includes n graphite heating element layers (n ≧ 1) which form an axisymmetric truncated pyramid structure, wherein each graphite heating element layer is formed by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements 1 forming an axisymmetric closed structure in a circumferential direction, the bottom sides of the graphite heating elements 1 forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is the same, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer is coplanar and has the same shape as the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer, and i ═ 1,2, … n.
By applying the configuration mode, the graphite heating element is designed into the isosceles trapezoid structure, and compared with the existing rod-shaped graphite heater, the isosceles trapezoid graphite heater has the advantages of simple design, less specification types, convenience in installation and high universality on the basis of ensuring the radiation effect.
Further, as an embodiment of the present invention, the axial section base angles θ of the graphite heating element layers are the same; by applying the configuration mode, the bottom angles of the axial sections of the graphite heating element layers are set to be the same, so that the shape following performance of the graphite heater can be ensured, and further the uniformity of graphite radiation heating is ensured.
Further, in the present invention, the axial section base angles θ of the graphite heating element layers are the same; the shaft section base angle theta is determined as follows: according to the size of the test piece and the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece, a cone is designed, and the requirements between the cone and the test piece are as follows: 1) the cone can wrap the test piece in the test piece, and 2) the height and the axial section base angle of the cone meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece; thus, the height of the cone and the shaft section base angle can be determined; the bottom angle of the section of the shaft is made to be theta;
further, in order to simplify the operation and ensure the shape following performance of the graphite heater, the graphite heating elements 1 in each graphite heating element layer are the same, and the number of the graphite heating elements in each graphite heating element layer is the same and is not less than 3;
further, in order to guarantee the integrality and the normal work of the graphite heater, the graphite heater further comprises a water-cooling electrode 3, a water-cooling reflecting plate 2 and a support base 4, wherein, on the basis of the layout of the graphite heating element, the water-cooling electrode 3, the water-cooling reflecting plate 2 and the support base 4 are designed around the layout, and are specific:
the water-cooled electrode 3 is used for transmitting and supplying the heating voltage of the graphite heating element 1 and is connected with two ends of the graphite heating element 1, which are provided with electrodes, through holes; then the two are integrally assembled on a water-cooling reflecting plate 2, the number of the water-cooling reflecting plate can be one or more, the size of the water-cooling reflecting plate is determined according to specific heating conditions, and the size specifications are not necessarily the same;
the support base 4 is used for integrally supporting and fixing the graphite heater, wherein the water-cooled reflecting plate 2 is arranged on the support base 4.
Further, as an embodiment of the present invention, the graphite heating element 1 may have a U-shaped, S-shaped or wave-shaped isosceles trapezoid structure.
On the other hand, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, there is also provided a design method of the graphite heater, which includes a layout design of the graphite heating element 1, and is implemented by the following steps:
1. firstly, designing a cone based on the test piece 5, specifically:
according to the size of the test piece 5 and the heating distance requirement thereof, a cone is designed, and the cone and the test piece 5 meet the following requirements: 1) the cone can wrap the test piece 5 in the cone, and 2) the height of the cone and the bottom angle of the shaft section meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece; thus, the height of the cone and the shaft section base angle can be determined;
this step can be performed according to the known techniques in the art and the actual requirements, and is not described herein in detail;
2. the layout of the graphite heating element is that,
based on the cone obtained in the step 1, arranging graphite heating elements 1, wherein the graphite heating elements 1 are arranged in n graphite heating element layers (n is more than or equal to 1), the n graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each graphite heating element layer is formed by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements 1 in an axisymmetric closed structure in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements 1 forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is the same, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer and the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer are coplanar and have the same shape, and i is 1,2, … n;
and, wherein let:
1) the axial section base angle of the n graphite heating element layers is the axial section base angle of the cone;
2) the circumscribed circle of each regular polygon is coplanar with the cross-section of the cone (the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone);
3) the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon of the last layer in the graphite heating element layer is the bottom surface of the cone;
the specific layout method is as follows:
2.1 determining the number of graphite heating element layers,
the determination principle of the layer number is as follows: 1) the number of layers is not less than 1, and 2) the number of layers is not less than the number of heating temperature areas on the test piece;
2.2 determining the layer height of each of the graphite heating element layers,
values can be taken according to the specific temperature zone dividing requirements of the test piece;
2.3, determining the number of graphite heating elements in each graphite heating element layer,
the number of graphite heating elements of each graphite heating element layer is equal and is not less than 3; at the moment, the number of the sides of the regular polygon can be determined, namely the number of the sides is equal to that of each layer of graphite heating elements;
2.4, determining the rest side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element.
Further, the remaining side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element are obtained by the following formulas:
Router cover＝a/2sin(π/m) (1)
h＝H/sinθ (2)
l＝a-2h·tan(π/m) (3)
In the formula, ROuter cover-radius of the circumscribed circle;
a, the side length of a regular polygon is also the length of the lower bottom of an isosceles trapezoid;
m is the number of regular polygon sides;
h-the height of the isosceles trapezoid;
h, the layer height of the arrangement layer corresponding to the isosceles trapezoid is taken according to the specific temperature zone division requirement of the test piece in the structural thermal test;
l-the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoid.
For further understanding of the present invention, the layout of the graphite heating elements in the graphite heater of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, as an embodiment of the present invention, taking a test piece as an example of a conical structure, the layout of the graphite heating element in the graphite heater is specifically designed as follows:
1. according to the size and heating distance requirements of the conical test piece, firstly, a cone is designed, in the embodiment, the radius of the bottom surface of the conical test piece is R0And an axial section base angle theta, wherein the cone is designed to include the conical test piece in the cone on one hand, and the height and the axial section base angle of the cone meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece on the other hand, so that the radius of the bottom surface of the cone is R in the design of the embodiment0+[50mm,100mm]And the bottom angle of the shaft section of the cone is the bottom angle of the shaft section of the cone test piece, and the height of the cone can be selected according to actual requirements on the basis of meeting the conditions;
2. based on the designed cone, the layout of the graphite heating element is carried out:
the graphite heating element layout is n graphite heating element layers (n is more than or equal to 1), the n graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum pyramid structure, each graphite heating element layer is formed by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements in an axisymmetric closed structure in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is consistent, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer is coplanar with the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i) th layer, and the shape of the upper surface is the same as that of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i) th layer, i is 1,2 and … n;
furthermore, let:
1) (ii) the axial cross-sectional base angle θ of the graphite heating element layer, where θ is a known value;
2) the circumscribed circle of each regular polygon is coplanar with the cross-section of the cone (the plane perpendicular to the axis of the cone);
3) the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon of the last layer in the graphite heating element layer is the bottom surface of the cone, namely the radius R of the circumscribed circleOuter coverIs R0+[50mm,100mm]The radius of the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon on the bottom surface of the last layer of the graphite heating element layer is a known value;
in conclusion, the bottom angle of the axial section of each graphite heating element layer and the radius of the circumscribed circle of the bottom regular polygon of the last layer are determined;
carrying out specific layout:
2.1, determining the number of layers to be 4 according to the determination principle of the number of layers of the heating element of the graphite element;
2.2, on the basis that the number of layers is confirmed, based on the size of the test piece temperature area, confirm each layer height, and each layer height of this embodiment satisfies: h01+H12+H23+H34＝R0Tan θ; wherein: h01-a first layer height of isosceles trapezoids; h12-a second level of isosceles trapezoids; h23-a third layer of isosceles trapezoidal layer heights; h34-a fourth level of isosceles trapezoids;
2.3, determining the number of graphite heating elements in each graphite heating element layer,
in the embodiment, preferably, each layer is 20 layers according to the requirement, and the bottom edges of each layer are all regular icosahedron;
2.4, determining the rest side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element, specifically:
known radius R of the bottom surface of a conical test piece0Bottom angle of axial section theta and height of each layer, while ROuter coverValues slightly greater than R0The value is 50-100 mm; the foregoing formula is used to obtain a table of the dimensions of the four-layer isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element, as shown in table 1.
Further, after the dimensions of the isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements are determined, the thickness and the width of the current path of the element are finally determined by considering the mechanical strength, processing, connection and other problems, and a typical S-shaped isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element of the present invention is shown in fig. 4.
TABLE 1 appearance size table of four-layer isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element
Wherein, a1-the lower base of the first layer of isosceles trapezoids; a is2-the lower base of the second layer of isosceles trapezoids; a is3-the lower base of the third layer of isosceles trapezoids; a is4The lower base of the fourth layer of isosceles trapezoids.
According to the conical graphite heater, aiming at the characteristics of a conical test piece in a thermal structure test, the specification and the number of elements can be effectively reduced by designing the graphite heating element into an isosceles trapezoid structure; and for conical heaters with different sizes, the isosceles trapezoid structure has certain universality.
According to the conical graphite heater, aiming at the characteristics of a conical test piece in a thermal structure test, the graphite heating element is designed into the isosceles trapezoid structure, so that the specification and the number of the elements can be effectively reduced, and the isosceles trapezoid structure in unit area has larger overall dimension and is more convenient for mechanical connection.
Features that are described and/or illustrated above with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
The many features and advantages of these embodiments are apparent from the detailed specification, and thus, it is intended by the appended claims to cover all such features and advantages of these embodiments which fall within the true spirit and scope thereof. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the embodiments of the invention to the exact construction and operation illustrated and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope thereof.
The invention has not been described in detail and is in part known to those of skill in the art.
Claims (8)
1. A design method of a graphite heater comprises the layout design of graphite heating elements, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, designing a cone based on a test piece,
according to the size of the test piece and the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece, a cone is designed, and the requirements between the cone and the test piece are as follows: 1) the cone can wrap the test piece in the test piece, and 2) the height of the cone and the bottom angle of the shaft section meet the requirement of the heating distance of the test piece; thus, the height of the cone and the shaft section base angle can be determined;
step 2, the layout of the graphite heating element,
based on the cone obtained in the step 1, arranging graphite heating elements, wherein the graphite heating elements are arranged in n layers, n is greater than 1, the n layers of graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each layer of graphite heating element layer forms an axisymmetric closed structure by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each layer of graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is consistent, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer and the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer are coplanar and have the same shape, and i is 1,2, … n-1;
furthermore, let:
the axial section base angle of the n graphite heating element layers is the axial section base angle of the cone;
the circumscribed circle of each regular polygon is coplanar with the cross section of the cone, and the cross section of the cone is a plane vertical to the axis of the cone;
the circumscribed circle of the regular polygon of the last layer in the graphite heating element layer is the bottom surface of the cone;
the specific layout method is as follows:
2.1 determining the number of graphite heating element layers,
the determination principle of the layer number is as follows: 1) the number of layers is not less than 1, and 2) the number of layers is not less than the number of heating temperature areas on the test piece;
2.2 determining the layer height of each of the graphite heating element layers,
taking values according to the specific temperature zone dividing requirements of the test piece;
2.3, determining the number of graphite heating elements in each graphite heating element layer,
the number of graphite heating elements of each graphite heating element layer is equal and is not less than 3;
2.4, determining the rest side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element.
2. The design method of the graphite heater according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the remaining side length and height of each isosceles trapezoid graphite heating element are obtained by the following formulas:
Router cover＝a/2sin(π/m) (1)
h＝H/sinθ (2)
l＝a-2h·tan(π/m) (3)
In the formula, ROuter cover-radius of the circumscribed circle;
a, the side length of a regular polygon is also the length of the lower bottom of an isosceles trapezoid;
m is the number of regular polygon sides;
h-the height of the isosceles trapezoid;
h, the layer height of the arrangement layer corresponding to the isosceles trapezoid is taken according to the specific temperature zone division requirement of the test piece in the structural thermal test;
l-the upper base length of the isosceles trapezoid.
3. A graphite heater, characterized by: the graphite heater is obtained by the design method of claim 1 or 2, and comprises n graphite heating element layers, wherein n is greater than 1, the n graphite heating element layers form an axisymmetric frustum structure, each graphite heating element layer forms an axisymmetric closed structure by a plurality of isosceles trapezoid graphite heating elements in the circumferential direction, the bottom edges of the graphite heating elements forming each graphite heating element layer form a regular polygon, the number of the sides of each regular polygon is consistent, the circumscribed circles of each regular polygon are parallel and coaxial, the upper surface of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer is coplanar with the bottom surface of the regular polygon of the graphite heating element layer of the (i + 1) th layer and has the same shape, and i is 1,2, …, n-1.
4. A graphite heater as claimed in claim 3, wherein the axial cross-sectional base angles θ of the graphite heating element layers are the same.
5. A graphite heater as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 4, wherein the graphite heating elements in each of the n graphite heating element layers are identical.
6. The graphite heater of claim 5, wherein the number of graphite heating elements in the n graphite heating element layers is the same and is not less than 3.
7. A graphite heater according to claim 3, wherein: the graphite heater also comprises a water-cooling electrode, a reflecting plate and a bracket, wherein the water-cooling electrode, the reflecting plate and the bracket are designed around the layout on the basis of the layout of the graphite heating element.
8. The graphite heater of claim 7, wherein: in the plurality of graphite heating elements, electrodes are processed at the upper end and the lower end of any graphite heating element, the electrodes processed at the upper end and the lower end are connected with a water-cooling electrode, the two electrodes are integrally assembled on a water-cooling reflecting plate, and the water-cooling reflecting plate is installed on the support.
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| CN109922545A (en) | 2019-06-21 |
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