CN109918800B - Liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method - Google Patents
Liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method, which comprises the following steps: 1) analyzing a liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling fluid physical model, and establishing a mathematical model of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the cutter; 2) selecting a cutter material and a workpiece material to perform a liquid nitrogen plate injection experiment to obtain temperature data of a liquid nitrogen cooling experiment; 3) performing liquid nitrogen cooling fluid simulation by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model to obtain liquid nitrogen cooling simulation temperature data; 4) comparing the liquid nitrogen cooling experiment temperature data with the simulation temperature data, and adjusting the gas-liquid phase ratio of the fluid in the CFD model to make the simulation value consistent with the experiment value, thereby determining the convection heat transfer coefficient; 5) and carrying out finite element simulation on the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool by using the obtained convection heat transfer coefficient and carrying out experimental verification. The method provided by the invention can obtain the gas-liquid phase ratio of liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling fluid, determine the convection heat transfer coefficient, realize the modeling of the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool and provide theoretical support for related research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cutting machining and cutters, in particular to a liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning cutter temperature field modeling method.
Background
The liquid nitrogen low-temperature cutting is beneficial to improving the machinability of the material, ensuring better machined surface quality and prolonging the service life, and compared with the traditional machining mode, the low-temperature cooling machining has certain advantages and can be embodied in the following four aspects: the low temperature can cause the processing material to generate low-temperature brittleness, which is beneficial to breaking off the cutting chips and improving the processability of the material difficult to process; the low-temperature cooling effectively reduces the temperature of a cutting area, improves the surface quality of a workpiece, reduces the oxidation wear of the cutter and prolongs the service life of the cutter; the adoption of low-temperature cooling in high-speed cutting can reduce the failure of the cutter, reduce the times of cutter changing and improve the processing and manufacturing efficiency; the environment pollution caused by cutting fluid can be avoided by adopting low-temperature media such as liquid nitrogen, the processing process is green and environment-friendly, and meanwhile, the complicated cleaning work is avoided; at present, relevant personnel at home and abroad carry out certain research work on aspects such as cutting heat, cutting force, cutting chip form and the like of low-temperature cutting, mainly low-temperature cutting experimental research, but less theoretical research work on the surface temperature field of a cutter in liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling processing; when liquid nitrogen is sprayed onto the cutter, the heat transfer process between the cutter and the liquid nitrogen is complicated and complicated, and the influence of the heat transfer mode and the physical characteristics of the liquid nitrogen on the cutter needs to be comprehensively considered, so that the invention provides a modeling method of the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning cutter, and provides theoretical support for the research of the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning cutter.
Disclosure of Invention
A liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one
Analyzing a liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling fluid physical model, and establishing a mathematical model of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the cutter;
step two
Selecting a cutter material and a workpiece material to perform a liquid nitrogen plate injection experiment, and acquiring temperature data of a liquid nitrogen cooling experiment;
step three
Performing liquid nitrogen cooling fluid simulation by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model to obtain liquid nitrogen cooling simulation temperature data;
step four
Comparing the liquid nitrogen cooling experiment temperature data with the simulation temperature data, adjusting the gas-liquid phase ratio of the fluid in the CFD model to make the simulation value consistent with the experiment value, and determining the convection heat transfer coefficient;
step five
And carrying out finite element simulation on the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool by using the obtained convection heat transfer coefficient and carrying out experimental verification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the analysis of liquid nitrogen cryogenic cooling process in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a liquid nitrogen injection experimental scheme of Ti-5553 plate of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a liquid nitrogen injection experimental scheme of the WC-Co plate of the embodiment 1;
FIG. 5 is a physical model of a plate liquid nitrogen injection experiment in embodiment 1;
FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional mesh partition profile of a CFD model in the liquid nitrogen injection process in embodiment 1;
FIG. 7 is a comparison graph of the simulated temperature of the Ti-5553 plate obtained by adjusting the gas-liquid ratio and the temperature obtained by experimental measurement in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing a comparison between the simulated temperature of the WC-Co plate obtained by adjusting the gas-liquid phase ratio and the temperature obtained by the experimental measurement in example 1;
FIG. 9 is a 3D graph of the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution of the Ti-5553 sheet material determined according to the gas-liquid phase ratio obtained in example 1;
FIG. 10 is a 3D graph showing the convective heat transfer coefficient distribution of a WC-Co plate determined from the gas-liquid phase ratio obtained in example 1;
FIG. 11 is a three-dimensional model of UG NX 10.0 software for three-dimensional modeling in example 1;
FIG. 12 shows the meshing of the finite element model for the bar and the blade in embodiment 1;
FIG. 13 is a comparison graph of temperature values obtained from the liquid nitrogen low temperature turning experiment and finite element simulation in the embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
The flow chart of the modeling method of the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool is shown in fig. 1, and the following describes the specific implementation mode of the method in detail with reference to the attached drawing.
The method is concretely implemented as follows:
a liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one
Analyzing a liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling fluid physical model, and establishing a mathematical model of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the cutter;
the cooling process of the liquid nitrogen cutter is shown in the attached figure 2; the heat transfer model is simplified correspondingly: assuming the tool surface to be an ideal plane; the structure of the interface of gas and liquid is stable, and the metastable state probability of the phase change finishing process is very small; the boundary of gas and liquid is in a saturated temperature state; the liquid nitrogen cooling process is achieved by thermal convection,hthe general calculation formula of (a) is:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,hconvective heat transfer coefficient, W/(m) 2 ·K)；Q-the energy transferred, J;Asurface exchange area, m 2 ；∆ T-temperature difference, K;∆t-interval time, s;
establishing a physical quantity principle equation related to the liquid nitrogen fluid motion phenomenon:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
-the thermal conductivity of the polymer,
-the density of the fluid as a function of the density of the fluid,
-the specific heat capacity at isobaric pressure,
-the dynamic viscosity of the mixture of water and oil,
-the speed of the fluid, and,
-the size of the surface of the sheet,
-the difference in temperature is such that,
-heat flux density.
By separating each set of dimensionless, three dimensionless numbersNu、Re、Pr：
ComputingNuI.e. can determineh：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,h N convective heat transfer coefficient of liquid nitrogen injection process, W/(m) 2 ·K)；L-the dimension in the normal direction of the heat transfer surface, m;kthermal conductivity of liquid nitrogen, W/(m) 2 ·K)。
Establishing the functional relationship among the constant parameters as follows:
the average number of nutselt of the cutter surface of the length is finally derived by combining boundary conditions:
according to the relational expressionh=Nu·k/DBy usingh=0.82Re L 0.53 Pr 1/3 k/DCalculating the convection heat transfer coefficient value of the surface of the cutter in the jetting process; establishing a weight linear summation model, giving different weights according to the contribution of the influence factors of the two nitrogen phases, obtaining a liquid/gas phase ratio by a subsequent experimental modeling method, and calculating to obtain the convection heat transfer coefficient value of the cooled cutter; the weighted expression of the convective heat transfer coefficient h of the cutter after considering the gas-liquid phase ratio is as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,η i -a weighting factor, which can be determined by the gas-liquid ratio of the liquid nitrogen injection process;h i -relative nitrogen flow heat transfer coefficient at different conditions.
Step two
Selecting a cutter material and a workpiece material to perform a liquid nitrogen plate injection experiment, and acquiring temperature data of a liquid nitrogen cooling experiment;
the experimental selection tool material is WC-Co, and the workpiece material is Ti-5553; experimental setup As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the Ti-5553 plate had a size of 150X 30mm, the WC-Co plate had a size of 130X 19.5X 25mm, and TR was set on the Ti-5553 plate 11 、TR 12 And TR 13 And TR on WC-Co plate 21 、TR 22 And TR 23 Processing blind holes with the diameter of 5.2mm and the distance of 40mm at the positions for installing a thermal resistance measuring probe, so that the distance between the measuring probe and the injection surface is 1 mm; the actual injection process of the liquid nitrogen keeps the injection distance from the injection surface asDInjection pressure ofPAt a spray angle ofΑNozzle diameter ofΦ(ii) a Using thermal resistor pairs TR 11 、TR 12 、TR 13 、TR 21 、TR 22 、TR 23 And measuring the temperature of the position, and recording the temperature value obtained by the experiment.
Step three
Performing liquid nitrogen cooling fluid simulation by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model to obtain liquid nitrogen cooling simulation temperature data;
the finite element simulation process of the liquid nitrogen injection process was implemented using the commercial software STAR-CCM + of CFD developed by the company CD-Adapco; the physical model of the plate liquid nitrogen injection experiment is shown in fig. 5, the boundary conditions are set, the inlet and the outlet of the nozzle are respectively set as a mass flow inlet and a pressure outlet, and other interfaces in the model are defined as wall surfaces; assuming that the thermophysical property of the liquid nitrogen is isotropic, the heat transfer mode is convection heat transfer, and calculating a heat source by adopting a Gaussian acceleration algorithm; simulating the change of gas-liquid phase ratio by adopting a VOF model, and selecting an RANS model and an Euler multiphase flow equation simulation nozzle to spray liquid nitrogen fluid to the surface process of the cutter; the positions of all parts in the CFD model are the same as those of the experiment and are divided into a nozzle, air, liquid nitrogen, a Ti-5553 plate and a WC-Co plate; the method adopts a surface reconstruction technology to carry out grid division, and comprises two division modes of polyhedral grid division and prismatic layer grid division, wherein a three-dimensional grid division sectional view of a CFD model in a liquid nitrogen injection process is shown in figure 6.
Step four
Comparing the temperature data of the liquid nitrogen cooling experiment with the simulation temperature data, adjusting the gas-liquid ratio of the fluid in the CFD model, and determining the convection heat transfer coefficient;
adjusting the gas-liquid phase ratio in the CFD model to make the experimental result consistent with the simulation result and obtain the corresponding convection heat transfer coefficient value; the simulation values and the experimental values of the two plate temperatures obtained after the gas-liquid comparison are adjusted are shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8, the maximum difference between the simulation value and the experimental value of the Ti-5553 plate is 3.6 ℃, the maximum difference between the simulation value and the experimental value of the WC-Co plate is 3.9 ℃, namely the ratio of the gas phase and the liquid phase in the simulation after the adjustment is consistent with the actual experiment; the 3D curves of the convective heat transfer coefficient profiles determined from the resulting gas-liquid phase ratios are shown in fig. 9 and 10.
Step five
And carrying out finite element simulation on the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool by using the obtained convection heat transfer coefficient and carrying out experimental verification.
Carrying out three-dimensional modeling (the model size is the same as the experimental verification link) by UG NX 10.0 software, wherein the three-dimensional model of the Ti-5553 titanium alloy bar is shown in a figure 11 a), the three-dimensional model of the blade is shown in a figure 11 b), and the assembly relationship of the geometric model is shown in a figure 11 c); the simulated cutting parameters arev c =60m/min，f=0.12、0.16、0.20mm/r，a p =0.8 mm; the results of the meshing of the finite element models for the bar and the blade are shown in FIG. 12, and the low temperature cooling effect is simulated by setting the local cooling coefficient, and the liquid nitrogen low temperature turning finite element temperature simulation is performed, wherein the local temperature in the region is set to-196 ℃, and the local convection heat transfer coefficienthThe convection heat transfer coefficient obtained in the step four;
selecting a bar material (with the size of phi 120 multiplied by 300 mm) taking Ti-5553 as a material, a mountain vicker blade (with the model of CNMG 120408-SMR H13A) taking WC-Co as a cutter base material, an Isa lathe cutter handle with the model of PCLNR 2525M-12X-JHP, and performing liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning experiments on a CAK6150 numerical control lathe, wherein the cutting parameters arev c =60m/min，f=0.12、0.16、0.20mm/r，a p =0.8 mm; the obtained simulation temperature value and the experiment temperature value have relatively small error, about 3-6%, compared with the experiment temperature value shown in FIG. 13, which shows that the temperature field modeling simulation has very high precision and can simulate the temperature field distribution of cutting Ti-5553 in a liquid nitrogen low-temperature environment.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features can be equally replaced; and the modifications and equivalents do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions.
Claims (3)
1. A liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool temperature field modeling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one
Analyzing a liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling fluid physical model, and establishing a mathematical model of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the surface of the cutter; analyzing the fluid motion law near the cutter surface in the liquid nitrogen injection process, defining a flow boundary layer and a thermal boundary layer, establishing a characteristic number equation and determining dimensions, and establishing and solving a conservation equation through analyzing the convection heat transfer coefficient influence factors to obtain a weighted expression of the cutter convection heat transfer coefficient h after considering the gas-liquid phase ratio:
in the formula eta i -a weighting factor, which can be determined by the gas-liquid ratio of the liquid nitrogen injection process; h is i -relative nitrogen flow heat transfer coefficient at different conditions;
step two
Selecting a cutter material and a workpiece material to perform a liquid nitrogen plate injection experiment, and acquiring temperature data of a liquid nitrogen cooling experiment;
step three
Performing liquid nitrogen cooling fluid simulation by adopting a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model to obtain liquid nitrogen cooling simulation temperature data;
step four
Comparing the liquid nitrogen cooling experiment temperature data with the simulation temperature data, adjusting the gas-liquid phase ratio of the fluid in the CFD model to make the simulation value consistent with the experiment value, and determining the convection heat transfer coefficient;
step five
And carrying out finite element simulation on the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool by using the obtained convection heat transfer coefficient and carrying out experimental verification.
2. The modeling method for the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-liquid phase ratio in the liquid nitrogen injection process is determined by an experimental modeling method combining a liquid nitrogen injection experiment and a CFD model, and finally the value h of the convection heat transfer coefficient of the tool surface is determined.
3. The modeling method for the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool according to claim 1, characterized in that finite element simulation is performed on the liquid nitrogen low-temperature cooling cutting temperature by using the obtained convection heat transfer coefficient, and meanwhile, a liquid nitrogen low-temperature cutting experiment is performed and the cutting temperature is measured, and comparative analysis is performed to verify the modeling simulation result of the temperature field of the liquid nitrogen low-temperature turning tool.
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