CN109918797B - Multi-objective implementation-based rectification circuit LC parameter optimization design method - Google Patents
Multi-objective implementation-based rectification circuit LC parameter optimization design method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-objective realization-based optimization design method for LC parameters of a rectification circuit, wherein the rectification filter circuit is divided into a rectification part and a filter part, the rectification part converts alternating current into direct current according to the unidirectional conductivity of a diode, the filter circuit filters out alternating current components and retains the direct current components, the proportion of alternating current and direct current in the current is changed, and the pulsation degree of output voltage is reduced. On the basis of the existing diode or thyristor rectification filtering theory, the influence of capacitance and inductance values on output voltage values, the continuous condition of output current, alternating current side harmonic distortion rate and power factors is analyzed, and the relation between the capacitance and inductance parameter values and the requirements of circuit output power and performance indexes is found. Therefore, the direct current side inverted L-shaped capacitance inductance parameters of the uncontrolled rectification of the diode and the rectification of the thyristor can be more accurately determined, and the rectification performance can meet the multi-target realization of stable output voltage of the direct current side, continuous current of the direct current side, higher current harmonic distortion rate and power factor of alternating current measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric power, provides a rectification circuit LC parameter optimization design method based on multi-objective realization, and provides an optimization design method of direct current side inverted L-shaped capacitance inductance parameters of single-phase and three-phase rectification circuits for uncontrolled rectification and thyristor rectification.
Background
The rectifier circuit converts alternating current into direct current by utilizing the unidirectional conductivity of a diode or a thyristor, and is widely applied to the fields of speed regulation of a direct current motor, excitation regulation of a generator, electrolysis, electroplating and the like. However, the output dc voltage has large ripple, the current harmonic distortion on the ac side of the rectifier is large, and the power factor is low. An inverted L-shaped capacitance-inductance filter circuit is added on the direct current side of a rectifier circuit, which is a commonly used method for improving the output characteristic of the direct current side. Research shows that the direct current side inverted L-shaped capacitance inductor has good effects of stabilizing the voltage output of the direct current side, ensuring the continuity of the current of the direct current side, reducing the harmonic distortion rate of alternating current measurement, improving the power factor of a rectification load and the like.
The AC-DC ratio in the circuit is changed by utilizing the difference of the resistance element to the AC-DC impedance, so that the filtering is realized. The capacitive filtering mainly has a wave smoothing effect on load voltage, and the inductive filtering mainly has a wave smoothing effect on load current. Therefore, in order to achieve a better rectifying and filtering effect, an LC filter circuit is combined with a rectifying circuit, and the rectifying circuit after the inductance-capacitance filtering is added is called an inverted L-shaped face-lifting filter circuit. The inverted L-shaped face-lifting filter circuit can retain a direct current component, filter a part of alternating current component, change the proportion of alternating current and direct current components, reduce the pulse coefficient of output voltage, enable the waveform of the output voltage to be smoother, enable the current rising section of an alternating current side to be smoother, reduce the current distortion rate of the alternating current side and improve the power factor.
An inverted L-shaped rectifying and filtering circuit is designed, parameter values of an inductor and a capacitor are very critical, and different inductor capacitance values and circuit working conditions are greatly different. The traditional filter circuit design method is relatively dependent on experience, when the capacitance value is about 10pF, the high-frequency interference signal can be eliminated, and when the capacitance value is about 0.1 muF, the low-frequency ripple interference can be effectively eliminated. There is no quantitative calculation method, and the influence on the ac side, such as the harmonic distortion and the power factor on the ac side, is rarely considered. As a result, the capacitance parameter is usually large, and the inductance parameter is small, so that the requirement of the dc output characteristic may be met, but the harmonic distortion at the ac side is aggravated, the power factor is low, and the power quality and the power utilization efficiency of the power grid are seriously affected. Therefore, when designing a filter circuit, the basic principle should be to satisfy both the requirement of the dc output characteristic and the influence of the filter circuit on the ac side.
How to carry out LC parameter optimization design on a rectifying circuit based on multi-objective realization of continuous direct-current side current, reduction of alternating-current measured harmonic distortion rate, improvement of power factor of rectifying load and the like is still a problem to be researched urgently. The invention provides an optimal design method for direct current side inverted L-shaped capacitance inductance parameters of single-phase and three-phase rectifying circuits of uncontrolled rectification and thyristor rectification, provides a critical value table for quickly selecting LC parameters on the basis of simulation and test, and provides reference for design of the rectifying circuits and optimization of power quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rectification circuit LC parameter optimization design method based on multi-objective realization. The technical scheme is as follows:
a rectification filter circuit is divided into a rectification part and a filter part, wherein the rectification part converts alternating current into direct current according to the unidirectional conductivity of a diode or a thyristor, the filter circuit filters out alternating current components and retains direct current components, the proportion of alternating current to direct current in the current is changed, and the pulsation degree of output voltage is reduced.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
The inductor has a small impedance to direct current and a large impedance to alternating current, and is therefore connected in series with a resistor. After the inductor is connected in series in the rectifying circuit, when the voltage rises, the current in the inductor increases, the inductor stores partial magnetic field energy, and when the current decreases, the energy is released again, so that the load current becomes smooth. When the output current changes, the inductor induces a counter potential to increase the trigger angle of the rectifier tube, thereby avoiding overlarge impact current and preventing the current from changing. More importantly, the output voltage waveform is continuous.
Step 2, incorporating the capacitor into the filter circuit
The capacitor has a large impedance to direct current and a small impedance to alternating current, and is connected in parallel to both sides of the resistor. When the input voltage in the rectifying circuit is increased, the capacitor is charged to store partial energy in the capacitor, and when the input voltage is decreased, the capacitor is discharged by the resistors connected in parallel exponentially to release the stored energy, so that the output voltage is smoother.
Step 3, adding the working condition of the inductance and capacitance post-trimming filter circuit
After the inductor and the capacitor are added, when a certain pair of diodes are conducted, the alternating current power supply passes through the diodes and then is filtered by the inductor to filter most of alternating current components, the resistor and the capacitor are charged, and the capacitor bypasses the residual alternating current components due to the characteristic of low impedance of the alternating current components, so that the alternating current components of the output voltage are reduced. When no diode is conducted, the electric energy stored in the capacitor is released to the resistor, and the output voltage is reduced according to an exponential law.
Has the advantages that:
on the basis of the existing diode or thyristor rectification filtering theory, the influence of capacitance and inductance values on output voltage values, the continuous condition of output current, alternating current side harmonic distortion rate and power factors is analyzed, and the relation between the capacitance and inductance parameter values and the requirements of circuit output power and performance indexes is found. Therefore, the parameters of the direct current side inverse L-shaped capacitance inductance of the diode uncontrolled rectification and the thyristor rectification can be more accurately determined, and the rectification performance can meet the requirements of multi-target realization of stable direct current side output voltage, continuous direct current side current, higher alternating current measured current harmonic distortion rate, higher power factor and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifier circuit;
FIG. 2 outputs a variation curve of the pulsation coefficient with the LC product;
fig. 3 c =0.05f power factor versus inductance;
fig. 4 c =0.05f, a curve of the harmonic distortion rate on the ac side as a function of the inductance value;
fig. 5 l =0.005h graph of power factor versus change in capacitance;
fig. 6 l =0.005h is a graph of the change of the ac-side harmonic distortion rate with the capacitance value;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a single phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifier circuit;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a three-phase bridge type fully-controlled rectification circuit;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of a single-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier circuit.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings and the embodiment.
1. Circuit arrangement
The rectifying and filtering circuit is divided into a rectifying part and a filtering part, as shown in fig. 1, the rectifying part converts alternating current into direct current according to the unidirectional conductivity of the diode, and the filtering circuit filters out alternating current components and retains direct current components, so that the proportion of alternating current and direct current in the current is changed, and the pulsation degree of output voltage is reduced.
Concrete design method
1. Three-phase bridge type non-controlled rectifying circuit
(1) When LC filtering is adopted
(1) Determining LC relation according to principle of continuous DC output current
A three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit adopting inverted L-shaped filtering is shown in figure 1.
The rectified output voltage expression is:
where w is the angular frequency, w =314, U at a frequency of 50Hz d Is the average value of the rectified output voltage,
then, the expression of the voltage of 6 pulses outputted by the three-phase uncontrolled rectification is:
wherein, U 1 For the effective value of the three-phase line voltage, 380V is taken.
The current generated by the harmonic wave of more than 6 times is very small and can be ignored in engineering, and the current expression is deduced from the voltage expression as follows:
wherein, U 6 Is the 6 th harmonic.
The condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein the impedance
Inductance L is in Henry (H) and capacitance C is in microfarads (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
since the inductance has a large impedance to the alternating current component, the capacitance has a small impedance to the alternating current component. So in general the ac impedance of the RC parallel part of the LC filter is small in relation to the inductive part, provided that the impedance of the RC parallel part, i.e. the impedance X, is neglected 6 If =6wL, the condition that the output current continues at this time is:
therefore, to continue the output current, it is necessary to satisfy both:
(2) determining the size of LC product according to the stability of output voltage
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
s is the ripple coefficient of the output voltage before filtering, and S' is the ripple coefficient of the output voltage after filtering.
Coefficient of pulsation S n Low-frequency harmonic component amplitude and direct current voltage average value V D The ratio of (a) to (b). Diode with a high-voltage source
Where n is the number of rectified ripples.
The larger the inductance, the larger the impedance to alternating current; the larger the capacitance is, the smaller the impedance to the alternating current component is, therefore, after the inductance and the capacitance filtering are added, most of the alternating current component is dropped on the inductance, and the rest is bypassed by the capacitance, thereby greatly reducing the pulsation of the direct current load voltage and achieving the stable effect. That is to say the alternating part of the rectified output is in fact made up of an inductive reactance X L And capacitive reactance X C Dividing the voltage by setting the AC component at the input of the filter to u in The AC component at the filter output is u out Then, then
Therefore, it is not only easy to use
When the frequency is 50Hz, L is in Henry (H) and the capacitance C is in microfarad (μ F), then
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the ripple number, the larger the product of LC, the larger the q value, and the smaller the output voltage ripple coefficient. The variation curve of the output voltage ripple factor with LC is shown in figure 2.
(3) Checking the value of L according to the power factor and harmonic distortion
Effective value of alternating current:
carrying out Fourier decomposition on the obtained product:
wherein, the alternating current only contains odd harmonic,
then
Power factor:
fundamental wave coefficient:
harmonic distortion rate of alternating-current side current:
let R =10 Ω, 20 Ω, 30 Ω, and C =0.005F, the power factor varies with inductance as shown in fig. 3, and the harmonic distortion varies with inductance as shown in fig. 4. Let R =10 Ω, 20 Ω, 30 Ω, L =0.005H, the power factor as a function of capacitance as shown in fig. 5, and the harmonic distortion rate as a function of capacitance as shown in fig. 6. According to the national standard, the power factor is not lower than 0.9, and when the nominal voltage of a power grid is 380V, the total harmonic current distortion rate is not more than 40% to check the value of the inductance. So that the selected inductance value can be verified.
(2) When inductive filtering is adopted
(1) Continuously determining the value of L according to the output current
Impedance X 6 ＝6wL，
The conditions for the output current to continue at this time are:
the inductance value is:
(2) determining the value of L according to the stability of the output voltage
Ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The unit of L is H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the number of pulses, the larger L, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage pulse coefficient.
(3) Checking the value of L according to the power factor and harmonic distortion
Effective value of alternating current:
power factor:
fundamental wave coefficient:
harmonic distortion rate of alternating-current side current:
(3) When using capacitive filtering
(1) Continuously determining the value of C according to the output current
Reactance
The conditions for the output current to continue at this time are:
the capacitance value is:
the capacitance is given in μ F.
(2) Determining the value of C according to the stability of the output voltage
Ac component at the filter output:
u out ＝u in X C (1-30)
then the
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The capacitance is given in F.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the ripple number, the larger C, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage ripple coefficient.
(4) Checking the value of C according to power factor and harmonic distortion
Effective value of alternating current:
power factor:
fundamental wave coefficient:
harmonic distortion of the ac side current:
2. single-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit
(1) When LC filtering is adopted
(1) Determining the relation of LC according to the principle of continuous DC output current:
a single-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit using inverted L-shaped filtering is shown in FIG. 7.
The expression of the single-phase uncontrolled rectification output voltage is as follows:
wherein, U 1 220V is taken as the effective value of the AC side line voltage.
The output voltage decays very rapidly in amplitude starting from the third term, so only the first two terms are taken for analysis.
Therefore, the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
l is in Henry (H) and C is in microfarads (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
since the inductance is large for the impedance of the alternating current component, the capacitance is small for the impedance of the alternating current component. So in general the ac impedance of the RC parallel part of the LC filter is small in relation to the inductive part, provided that the impedance of the RC parallel part, i.e. X, is neglected 2 If =2wL, the condition that the output current continues at this time is:
therefore, to continue the output current, it is necessary to satisfy both:
(2) determining the size of LC product according to the stability of output voltage
(3) Checking the value of L according to the power factor and harmonic distortion
Effective value of alternating current:
fourier decomposition is carried out on the obtained product:
wherein, only contains odd harmonic in the alternating current, then:
then
Power factor:
fundamental wave coefficient:
harmonic distortion rate of alternating-current side current:
according to the national standard, the power factor is not lower than 0.9, and when the nominal voltage of a power grid is 380V, the total current harmonic distortion rate is not more than 40% to check the value of the inductance.
(2) When inductive filtering is adopted
Reactance X 2 =2wL, the condition that the output current continues at this time is:
L≥1.062R (2-17)
the inductance is given in mH.
AC component at the output of the filter
Then the
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
And also
/>
Can obtain the product
It can be seen that the higher the number of pulses, the larger L, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage pulse coefficient.
(3) When using capacitive filtering
Reactance
The conditions for the output current to continue at this time are:
capacitance is given in μ F.
Other three phases are not controlled and rectified, and are omitted.
3. Single-phase bridge type full-control rectification circuit
A three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit adopting inverted L-shaped filtering is shown in figure 8.
(1) When loaded with a resistance
Wherein, the average value of the output voltage is:
effective value of load voltage:
effective value of alternating current:
power factor
Wherein, I 2 Effective value of current on the AC side, I d The two are equal in effective value of the direct current side current.
Amplitude of n-th harmonic:
wherein, when K =1, n = K m =2 harmonic, K =2, n = K m =4 th harmonic.
From the above equation, it can be seen that the harmonic amplitude is largest when the firing angle is 90 °, so the value of the inductance capacitance should be selected at 90 °.
Rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
(2) when filtering by electric induction
Fourier series of alternating current:
i s effective value of fundamental current I s1 :
Therefore, the power factor:
average output voltage:
when the firing angle α =0, U d ＝0.9U 1 α =90 °, U d And =0, the thyristor moves in the range of 0 to 90 °.
Average value of load current:
effective value of load voltage:
rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
therefore, the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by the fact that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein X 2 Unit of =2wl, c is microfarad (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The inductance L has the unit H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the number of pulses, the larger L, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage pulse coefficient.
(3) When using capacitive filtering
Average output voltage:
power factor:
load current dc average:
effective value of load voltage:
rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
therefore, the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by the fact that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit of C is microfarad (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
the unit of C is microfarad (μ F).
Ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The unit of L is H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the number of ripples, the larger C, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage ripple coefficient.
(4) When using LC filtering
Average output voltage:
power factor:
load current dc average:
effective value of load voltage:
rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
therefore, the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by the fact that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
l is in units of Henry (H) and C is in units of microfarads (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The unit of L is H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the number of pulses, the larger L, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage pulse coefficient.
4. Three-phase bridge type fully-controlled rectifying circuit
A three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectifying circuit using inverted L-shaped filtering is shown in figure 9.
The output voltage expression of the three-phase bridge type fully-controlled rectifying circuit is as follows:
wherein
/>
U 1 Taking 380V and U as effective values of three-phase line voltage S Is the effective value of the phase voltage.
The output current expression is:
(1) when loaded with a resistance
By MATLAB simulation, it can be seen from the waveforms of the output voltage and current that α =60 ° is a critical point where the output current is continuous, and the output current is discontinuous more than 60 ° and continuous less than.
When the trigger angle alpha<60 DEG, average value U of rectified voltage when output current is continuous d Comprises the following steps:
at this time, the output voltage effective value:
power factor
It can be seen that the power factor is a function of the control angle α, and a larger control angle results in a lower power factor and a lower ac power utilization.
Amplitude of n-th harmonic:
wherein, when K =1, n = K m =6 th harmonic, K =2, n = K m =12 th harmonic.
Rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
(2) when filtering by electric induction
Average value of output voltage:
wherein, U 1 Is the effective value of the AC side line voltage, U s Is an effective value of the alternating-current side phase voltage. When the trigger angle alpha<At 90 deg. the average value U of the output voltage d Is positive, when the firing angle α =90 °, the average value U of the output voltage is d =0, when the firing angle α>At 90 deg. the average value U of the output voltage d Are negative values.
The Fourier series expression of the alternating-current side power supply current is as follows:
i a effective value of fundamental current I 1 :
Relation of three-phase alternating current effective value and direct current:
power factor:
rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by the fact that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein X 6 The unit of =6wL, L is H.
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The unit of L is H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the number of pulses, the larger L, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage pulse coefficient.
(3) When using capacitive filtering
Average output voltage:
the fourier series expression of the ac side supply current is:
i a effective value of fundamental current I 1 :
Relation of three-phase alternating current effective value and direct current:
power factor
Rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by the fact that the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side is 0:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the unit of C is microfarad (. Mu.F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
ac component at the filter output:
then
Then after considering the stability of the output voltage
The unit of L is H.
And also
Can obtain
It can be seen that the higher the ripple number, the larger C, the larger q value, and the smaller the output voltage ripple coefficient.
(4) When using LC filtering
Average value of output voltage:
the Fourier series expression of the alternating-current side power supply current is as follows:
i a effective value of fundamental current I a1 :
Power factor:
rectified voltage ripple coefficient:
therefore, the output current expression is:
the condition that the output current is continuous can be obtained by setting the minimum value of the output current at the direct current side to be 0:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
l is in units of Henry (H) and C is in units of microfarads (μ F).
The condition that the output current of the direct current side is continuous is obtained by the following two formulas:
the rest is similar to single-phase full-control rectification.
LC selection verification and MATLAB simulation experiment
5. MATLAB simulation experiment
(1) Three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification
According to
The LC threshold values for different resistor output powers are calculated as shown in table 1, where the actually selected value is larger than this value, and the capacitance is smaller than this value.
TABLE 1 inductive capacitance critical value of three-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification under different resistance output powers
(2) Single phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification
When LC filtering is used, the values of the threshold values of the inductance and capacitance under different output powers of the resistors are shown in table 2, the actually selected value should be larger than the value of the inductance, and the capacitance should be smaller than the value of the capacitance.
TABLE 2 critical values of inductance and capacitance of single-phase bridge type uncontrolled rectification under different output powers
| Resistor R (omega) | Power (kW) | Inductor L (mH) | Capacitor C (mu F) |
| 1 | 39.2 | 1.1 | 60321 |
| 2 | 19.6 | 2.2 | 30161 |
| 3 | 13.07 | 3.3 | 20107 |
| 4 | 9.8 | 4.4 | 15080 |
| 5 | 7.84 | 5.5 | 12064 |
| 6 | 6.53 | 6.6 | 10054 |
| 7 | 5.6 | 7.7 | 8617 |
| 8 | 4.9 | 8.8 | 7540 |
| 9 | 4.36 | 9.9 | 6702 |
| 10 | 3.92 | 11 | 6032 |
| 15 | 2.61 | 16.6 | 4021.4 |
| 20 | 1.96 | 22.1 | 3016.1 |
| 25 | 1.57 | 27.6 | 2412.9 |
| 30 | 1.31 | 33.1 | 2010.7 |
(3) Single-phase bridge type full-control rectification
When only a resistive load is provided in the single-phase bridge fully-controlled rectifier circuit, R =10 Ω, and the parameters of the rectifier circuit measured at the firing angles of 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° are shown in table 3.
Table 3 parameters of each part with resistor load R =10 Ω
The LC threshold values used under different resistance powers continuously calculated according to the output current are shown in table 4, where the actually selected value should be larger in inductance and smaller in capacitance.
TABLE 4 LC critical value of single-phase bridge full-control rectification under different resistance output powers
(4) Three-phase bridge type full-control rectification
When only a resistive load is provided in the three-phase bridge type fully-controlled rectifier circuit, R =10 Ω, and the parameters of the rectifier circuit measured at flip angles of 30 °, 45 °, and 60 ° are shown in table 5.
Table 5 parameters of each part with resistor load R =10 Ω
The LC threshold values used under different resistance powers continuously calculated according to the output current are shown in table 6, where the actually selected value should be larger in inductance and smaller in capacitance.
TABLE 6 LC critical value of three-phase bridge type fully-controlled rectification under different resistance output powers
Claims (1)
1. The rectification circuit LC parameter optimization design method based on multi-objective realization is characterized in that a rectification filter circuit is divided into a rectification part and a filter part, wherein the rectification part converts alternating current into direct current according to the unidirectional conductivity of a diode, and the filter circuit filters out alternating current components and retains direct current components, so that the proportion of alternating current and direct current in the current is changed, and the pulsation degree of output voltage is reduced;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, connecting an inductor in a filter circuit in series;
the inductor has small impedance to direct current and large impedance to alternating current, so the inductor is connected with the resistor in series; after an inductor is connected in series in the rectifying circuit, when the voltage is increased, the current in the inductor is increased, the inductor stores partial magnetic field energy, and when the current is reduced, the energy is released, so that the load current is smoothed; when the output current changes, the inductor induces a counter potential to increase the trigger angle of the rectifier tube, so that the phenomenon that the impact current is too large and the current is changed is avoided; more importantly, the output voltage waveform is continuous;
step 2, a capacitor is incorporated into the filter circuit;
the capacitor has large impedance to direct current and small impedance to alternating current, so the capacitor is connected in parallel to two sides of the resistor; when the input voltage in the rectifying circuit is increased, the capacitor is charged, part of energy is stored in the capacitor, and when the input voltage is reduced, the capacitor is discharged by resistors connected in parallel according to an exponential law, the stored energy is released, and the output voltage is smoother;
step 3, adding the inductance and the capacitance to the working condition of the smoothing filter circuit;
after the inductor and the capacitor are added, when a certain pair of diodes are conducted, the alternating current power supply passes through the diodes and then is filtered by the inductor to filter most of alternating current components and charge the resistor and the capacitor, and the capacitor bypasses the residual alternating current components due to the characteristic of low impedance of the alternating current components, so that the alternating current components of output voltage are reduced; when the diode is not conducted, the electric energy stored in the capacitor is released to the resistor, and the output voltage is reduced according to an exponential law;
and step four, calculating the optimized design parameters of the inductance and the capacitance according to the load size, the requirement of the direct current output pulsating voltage and the requirement of the electric energy quality.
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