CN109917196A - A kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle - Google Patents
A kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to thunder cloud monitoring technical fields, and in particular to a kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle.Specific steps include establishing On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model；According to mirror image law theory, Potential distribution of the thunder cloud at atmospheric electric field detector is obtained；Using Potential distribution formula, three-dimensional electric field component is derived, obtain the thunder cloud position calculation formula based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle.Using electric field component measurement error, azimuth, pitch angle and electric field instrument ranging direction finding precision relationship, positioning performance is analyzed.The present invention establishes On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measurement model, studies the positioning of thunder cloud, and orientation where capable of accurately obtaining thunder cloud can greatly improve the accuracy and stability of thunder cloud positioning, has preferable locating effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to thunder cloud monitoring technical fields, and in particular to a kind of thunderstorm based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle
Cloud localization method.
Background technique
Thunder cloud is the major sources of lightning, and lightning is a kind of great natural calamity, is seriously threatening the mankind just
Often activity, especially building, electrical grid etc. may cause massive losses by its attack.If building is by thunder and lightning sense
It answers, the metal device of internal framework and imperfect earth is easy to appear spark, or even can set off an explosion.Nature has several every year
Million lightnings, Lightning Disaster are one of ten kinds of natural calamities of most serious that " the United Nations's International Decade for Disaster Reduction " is announced.It is newest
Statistics shows that loss caused by thunder and lightning has increased to the third position of natural calamity.The whole world is every year because of personnel caused by lightning stroke
Injures and deaths, property loss are countless.Therefore, thunder cloud monitoring means plays an important role to lightning protection mitigation.Nowadays, atmospheric electric field is surveyed
Amount is widely used in the numerous areas such as aviation, meteorology, and scientific research personnel also plays an active part in the research of atmospheric electric field Detection Techniques.
Study for a long period of time discovery, and the vertical component and horizontal component of atmospheric electric field are all existing.Three-dimensional electric field component is studied, to further
It is most important to explore atmospheric electric field.Pass through the relationship between analysis electric field and earth's surface relative dielectric constant in the prior art,
Dielectric constant is calculated, effective three-dimensional measurement model is established, devises the three-dimensional electric field system for atmospheric electric field measurement.
However, these researchs while realizing the measurement of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field component, can not obtain thunder cloud visual angle using electric field component
Position is unfavorable for actual engineer application.
Summary of the invention
Orientation where thunder cloud can accurately be obtained technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide one kind, effectively improves
The accuracy of thunder cloud positioning and the thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle of stability.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that for achieving the above object
A kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, includes the following steps: step 1, establishes thunder
Sudden and violent cloud electric field measurement spatial model, the model establish three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system using N point as coordinate origin；Wherein, N (0,0,0) is
The position of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument；M (x, y, z) is thunder cloud position measured by atmospheric electric field detector；M'(x,y,0)
For subpoint of the M (x, y, z) in x0y plane；H is the sum of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0) and height above sea level；It is measured
Thunder cloud M (x, y, z) azimuth and pitch angle be respectively α, β；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives three-dimensional atmospheric
The distance of electric field instrument N (0,0,0)；
Step 2, the point charge for setting measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) are q, according to image method, obtain a charge q about
The symmetrical image charge q' of x0y plane；
Step 3 according to electric field caused by measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is by an image charge of charge q and it
Q' is constituted, and obtains Potential distribution of the measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) at atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0)
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h are three-dimensional
The sum of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) and height above sea level；
Step 4 puts the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity E measured in atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), carries out Orthogonal Decomposition to E, obtains
It arrives:
E=Ex+Ey+Ez (2)
In formula, Ex、Ey、EzRespectively atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) point measures x-axis, y-axis, the thunder cloud electricity on z-axis direction
Field intensity, and it is orthogonal two-by-two；
Step 5, according to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity Ex、Ey、EzPotential distribution, it is calculated based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument
The thunder cloud at visual angle positions coordinate (r, α, β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α is measured thunder cloud M
The azimuth of (x, y, z)；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is arrived
The distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0).
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: specific step is as follows for step 5: step 5.1, respectively to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm
Intensity Ex、Ey、EzPotential distributionCarry out derivation:
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h are three-dimensional
The sum of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) and height above sea level, q are the point charge of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z), and q' is point charge
For q about the symmetrical image charge of x0y plane, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.2, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate parameters z be usually higher by 2 orders of magnitude than height h, it is high
It is negligible relative to coordinate parameters z to spend h, obtains:
z≈z-h≈z+h (5)
In formula, z be coordinate parameters of the measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) in z-axis, h be three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,
0,0) the sum of with height above sea level；
Step 5.3, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrive the distance r of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Formula (5), formula (6) are substituted into formula (4) by step 5.4, are obtained:
In formula,
Step 5.5, according to formula (7), the thunder cloud visual angle positioning coordinate (r', α ', β ') of inverting is calculated:
In formula, r' is the inverting value for the distance r that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), α '
For the inverting value of the azimuth angle alpha of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z), β ' is the pitch angle β of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)
Inverting value；
Step 5.6, as a charge q, dielectric constant of air ε1, ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) dielectric constant
ε2Respectively datum when, obtained based on vector correlation shown in the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model in step 1 and formula (8)
Measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate of inverting:
In formula, x', y', z' are respectively the inverting value of the coordinate parameters x, y, z of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.7, according to formula (9), be calculated based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle thunder cloud positioning coordinate (r,
α, β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α is measured thunder cloud M
The azimuth of (x, y, z)；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is arrived
The distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0).
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: the point charge q in step 5.6 is 5C.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: the dielectric constant of air ε in step 5.61It is 1.
As the preferred technical solution of the present invention: ground dielectric is normal where the atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) in step 5.6
Number ε2It is 5.
Thunder cloud localization method of the present invention based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, using above technical scheme and now
There is technology to compare, has following technical effect that
Positioning method accuracy of the invention is higher, and performance is stablized, and has preferable visual angle locating effect, in emulation experiment
In, positioning result monitors in region shown in radar map, and close with radar map feedback information, whole positioning performance is good, helps
In the accuracy and reliability for improving thunder cloud early warning and monitoring.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is thunder cloud to electric field instrument distance, the relation schematic diagram of electric field component measurement error and range error；
Fig. 3 is thunder cloud to electric field instrument distance, the relation schematic diagram of pitch angle and azimuth measurement error；
Fig. 4 is thunder cloud to electric field instrument distance, the relation schematic diagram of pitch angle and elevation measurement error；
Fig. 5 is the relation schematic diagram of electric field component measurement error and range error；
Fig. 6 is the relation schematic diagram of electric field component measurement error and azimuth measurement error；
Fig. 7 is the relation schematic diagram of electric field component measurement error and elevation measurement error.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, includes the following steps: to walk
Rapid 1, On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model is established, which establishes three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system using N point as coordinate origin；Wherein,
N (0,0,0) is the position of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument；M (x, y, z) is in place for the institute of thunder cloud measured by atmospheric electric field detector
It sets；M'(x, y, 0) it is the subpoint of M (x, y, z) in x0y plane；H is three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0) and height above sea level
The sum of；The azimuth of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) and pitch angle are respectively α, β；R be measured thunder cloud M (x, y,
Z) distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0) is arrived；Step 2, the point charge for setting measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) are q, root
According to image method, a charge q is obtained about the symmetrical image charge q' of x0y plane；Step 3, according to measured thunder cloud M (x,
Y, z) caused by electric field be to be made of charge q and its image charge q', obtain measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) and exist
Potential distribution at atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0)
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h are three-dimensional
The sum of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) and height above sea level；
Step 4 puts the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity E measured in atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), carries out Orthogonal Decomposition to E, obtains
It arrives:
E=Ex+Ey+Ez (2)
In formula, Ex、Ey、EzRespectively atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) point measures x-axis, y-axis, the thunder cloud electricity on z-axis direction
Field intensity, and it is orthogonal two-by-two；
Step 5, according to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity Ex、Ey、EzPotential distributionIt is calculated based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument
The thunder cloud at visual angle positions coordinate (r, α, β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α is measured thunder cloud M
The azimuth of (x, y, z)；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is arrived
The distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0).
Wherein, specific step is as follows for step 5: step 5.1, respectively to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity Ex、Ey、EzCurrent potential point
ClothCarry out derivation:
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h are three-dimensional
The sum of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) and height above sea level, q are the point charge of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z), and q' is point charge
For q about the symmetrical image charge of x0y plane, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.2, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate parameters z be usually higher by 2 orders of magnitude than height h, it is high
It is negligible relative to coordinate parameters z to spend h, obtains:
z≈z-h≈z+h (5)
In formula, z be coordinate parameters of the measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) in z-axis, h be three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,
0,0) the sum of with height above sea level；
Step 5.3, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrive the distance r of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Formula (5), formula (6) are substituted into formula (4) by step 5.4, are obtained:
In formula,
Step 5.5, according to formula (7), the thunder cloud visual angle positioning coordinate (r', α ', β ') of inverting is calculated:
In formula, r' is the inverting value for the distance r that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), α '
For the inverting value of the azimuth angle alpha of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z), β ' is the pitch angle β of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)
Inverting value；
Step 5.6, as a charge q, dielectric constant of air ε1, ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) dielectric constant
ε2Respectively datum when, obtained based on vector correlation shown in the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model in step 1 and formula (8)
Measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate of inverting:
In formula, x', y', z' are respectively the inverting value of the coordinate parameters x, y, z of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.7, according to formula (9), be calculated based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle thunder cloud positioning coordinate (r,
α, β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α is measured thunder cloud M
The azimuth of (x, y, z)；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is arrived
The distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0).
According to the above method, below to the thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle from many aspects into
Row performance evaluation: thunder cloud positioning performance and electric field component Ex、Ey、EzMeasurement error, quantity of electric charge q, dielectric constant of air ε1With
And ground permittivity ε where atmospheric electric field detector N2It is all related；When one timing of the quantity of electric charge and two dielectric constants, electric field component measurement
Precision plays a key effect to positioning performance.
According to aerial charge field distribution and thunder cloud charge structure principle, dielectric constant of air ε is taken1It is 1, atmospheric electric field
Ground permittivity ε where instrument N2It is 5, quantity of electric charge q is 5C, and then studies thunder cloud positioning performance.If atmospheric electric field measurement point
Measuring standard deviation is
(1) thunder cloud positioning distance measuring Measure direction performance is analyzed:
Using thunder cloud M and electric field instrument N distance r', thunder cloud azimuth angle alpha ', the calculation formula of thunder cloud pitch angle β ',
By electric field component measurement errorCause distance r, azimuth angle alpha, the measurement error σ of pitch angle βr, σα, σβAre as follows:
By formula (10) it is found that range error σrOnly with distance r' and electric field component measurement errorIt is related, with thunder cloud side
Parallactic angle α ' and pitch angle β ' are unrelated；Angle measurement error σα, σβWith distance r', pitch angle β ' and electric field measurement errorIt is related, but
With azimuth angle alpha ' it is unrelated；The distance r' and electric field component measurement error of thunder cloud S to electric field instrument NSmaller, thunder cloud positioning is surveyed
It is higher away from direction finding precision.
(1.1) thunder cloud positioning distance measuring performance evaluation: utilizing formula (10), studies distance r', electric field component measurement error
With range error σrRelationship, simulation result is as shown in Figure 2.In Fig. 2, thunder cloud range error σrWith distance r' and electric field
Component measurement errorIncrease and increase；When distance r' is in 0 to 0.3 km, range error σrIt is measured and is missed by electric field component
DifferenceInfluence smaller, σrIt is almost nil；When distance r' is greater than 0.3 km, range error σrWith errorIncrease and line
Property increase, up to 0.0064km.When electric field component measurement errorWhen larger, range error σrWith the increase of distance r'
And it rises sharply.
(1.2) thunder cloud positioning Measure direction performance analysis: research distance r', pitch angle β ' and azimuth measurement error σαPass
System, simulation result are as shown in Figure 3.In Fig. 3, thunder cloud azimuth measurement error σαWith the increase of distance r' and pitch angle β '
And increase；When distance r' is 0 to 0.4km, azimuth measurement error σαSmaller, error σ is influenced by pitch angle β 'αLess than 0.15
Degree；When distance r' is greater than 0.4km, measurement error σαWith the increase of pitch angle β ', exponentially type rises, and up to 1.07
Degree.When pitch angle β ', which is in 0 to 80, to spend, measurement error σαIt is hardly influenced by distance r', σαLess than 0.22 degree；And work as distance
When r' and pitch angle β ' larger, measurement error σαIncrease severely with the increase of the two, error reaches 1.07 degree.
Study distance r', pitch angle β ' and elevation measurement error σβRelationship, simulation result is as shown in Figure 4.In Fig. 4,
Thunder cloud elevation measurement error σβIncrease with the increase of distance r' and pitch angle β '；When distance r' is 0 to 0.2km,
Elevation measurement error σβSmaller, error σ is influenced by pitch angle β 'βLess than 0.002 degree；And when distance r' is greater than 0.2km, with
The increase of pitch angle β ', measurement error σβSlowly climb to 0.0375 degree.When pitch angle β ' is less than 20 degree, error σβAlmost
Do not influenced by distance r', error less than 0.006 degree, and when β ' be greater than 20 degree when, with the increase of distance r', measurement error σβOn
Rise to 0.0375 degree.
(2) influence of the electric field component measurement error to thunder cloud positioning performance: research electric field component measurement errorWith thunder
Sudden and violent cloud range error σrRelationship, when emulation, take thunder cloud to electric field instrument distance r' be respectively 0.5km, 1.0km, 1.5km,
2.0km, as a result as shown in Figure 5.In Fig. 5, when electric field component measurement errorOne timing, range error σrWith own value r''s
Increase and increases；As mono- timing of distance r', range error σrWith electric field measurement errorIncrease and increase；Particularly, when
When distance r' is smaller, range error σrHardly by electric field component measurement errorInfluence, and when distance r' is larger, ranging
Error σrWith electric field component measurement errorIncrease and rise sharply, up to 0.108km.
Study electric field component measurement errorWith thunder cloud azimuth measurement error σαRelationship, when emulation, take thunder cloud
It is respectively 1.0km to electric field instrument distance r', 2km, pitch angle β ' are respectively 30 degree, and 60 degree, as a result as shown in Figure 6.In Fig. 6, when
Electric field component measurement errorOne timing, the variation of pitch angle β ', than thunder cloud to the variation of electric field instrument distance r', to orientation
Measurement error σαInfluence it is big.Azimuth measurement error σαWith electric field component measurement errorIncrease and increase, especially
Ground, as distance r' and pitch angle β ' larger, azimuth measurement error σαIncrease is faster, and it is 0.265 that maximum, which increases slope,
(degree/kV/m), error σαUp to 0.53 degree.
Study electric field component measurement errorWith thunder cloud elevation measurement error σβRelationship, when emulation, take thunder cloud
It is respectively 1.0km to electric field instrument distance r', 2km, pitch angle β ' are respectively 30 degree, and 60 degree, as a result as shown in Figure 7.In Fig. 7, when
Electric field component measurement errorOne timing, the variation of pitch angle β ', than thunder cloud to the variation of electric field instrument distance r', to pitching
Measurement error σβInfluence it is big.With electric field component measurement errorIncrease, elevation measurement error σβIt is consequently increased,
Particularly, as distance r' and pitch angle β ' larger, elevation measurement error σβIncrease it is faster, maximum increase slope be
0.115 (degree/kV/m), error σβUp to 0.23 degree.
In actual experiment, three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N installs roof, fixed if about 28 meters of electric field instrument range averaging sea level
Three-dimensional system of coordinate X-axis positive axis where adopted electric field instrument is south, and Y-axis positive axis is east.Utilize the three-dimensional electricity of host computer interface record
Field component value (Ex,Ey,Ez) (unit: kV/m), it obtains thunder cloud charge orientation S (r', α ', β ') (unit: km is spent, degree), and
Analysis is compared with radar data.
2 experiments are carried out, atmospheric electric field component is (0.013,0.014,0.233), measured thunder cloud in experiment one
Position is (0.941, -132.17,68.12).Atmospheric electric field component is (0.061, -0.058,0.153) in experiment two, measured
Thunder cloud position be (0.872, -43.56,19.98).
Find out from experiment one, it is (0.941, -132.17,68.12), thunderstorm cloud point charge that electric field instrument, which obtains thunder cloud orientation,
About at 47.83 degree of north by west direction, 0.941 km, and pitch angle is larger, reaches 68.12 degree, shows in atmospheric electric field detector
Upper empty region, with the presence of thunder cloud region.In conjunction with measurement result, a large amount of charges are had accumulated in thunderstorm above the atmospheric electric field detector,
It is consistent that this measures result with electric field instrument, illustrates that empty region truly has thunder cloud to exist on electric field instrument.
Find out from experiment two, it is (0.872, -43.56,19.98) that electric field instrument, which obtains thunder cloud orientation, and thunder cloud charge is big
About at 43.56 degree of directions of south by west, 0.872 km, but pitch angle is smaller, and only 19.98 degree, this shows in atmospheric electric field
Empty region on instrument exists without thunder cloud.In conjunction with measurement result, a small amount of charge is had accumulated in cloud layer above the atmospheric electric field detector,
It is consistent that this measures result with electric field instrument, illustrates that empty region does not form thunder cloud on electric field instrument.
In practical applications, the measurement effect and radar map of the thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle
Feedback information is close, and whole positioning performance is more stable, achieves preferable effect.
Specific embodiments described above has carried out further the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Detailed description, it should be understood that being not limited to this hair the foregoing is merely specific embodiments of the present invention
Bright range, any those skilled in the art, that is made under the premise of not departing from design and the principle of the present invention is equal
Variation and modification, should belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of thunder cloud localization method based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1 establishes On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model, which establishes three-dimensional rectangular coordinate using N point as coordinate origin
System；Wherein, N (0,0,0) is the position of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument；M (x, y, z) is thunder cloud measured by atmospheric electric field detector
Position；M'(x, y, 0) it is the subpoint of M (x, y, z) in x0y plane；H is three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0) and sea
The sum of degree of lifting；The azimuth of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) and pitch angle are respectively α, β；R is measured thunder cloud M
(x, y, z) arrives the distance of three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0)；
Step 2, the point charge for setting measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) are q, and according to image method, it is flat about x0y to obtain a charge q
The symmetrical image charge q' in face；
Step 3 according to electric field caused by measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) is by the image charge q' structure of charge q and it
At obtaining Potential distribution of the measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) at atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0)
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h is three-dimensional atmospheric
The sum of electric field instrument N (0,0,0) and height above sea level；
Step 4 puts the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity E measured in atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), carries out Orthogonal Decomposition to E, obtains:
E=Ex+Ey+Ez (2)
In formula, Ex、Ey、EzIt is strong that respectively atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) point measures x-axis, y-axis, the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm on z-axis direction
Degree, and it is orthogonal two-by-two；
Step 5, according to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity Ex、Ey、EzPotential distributionIt is calculated based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle
Thunder cloud position coordinate (r, α, β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α be measured thunder cloud M (x, y,
Z) azimuth；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives three-dimensional
The distance of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0).
2. the thunder cloud localization method according to claim 1 based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 5 specific step is as follows:
Step 5.1, respectively to On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm intensity Ex、Ey、EzPotential distributionCarry out derivation:
In formula, ε1For dielectric constant of air, ε2The dielectric constant on ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), h is three-dimensional atmospheric
The sum of electric field instrument N (0,0,0) and height above sea level, q are the point charge of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z), and q' is that point charge q is closed
In the symmetrical image charge of x0y plane, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.2, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate parameters z be usually higher by 2 orders of magnitude, height h phase than height h
It is negligible for coordinate parameters z, it obtains:
z≈z-h≈z+h (5)
In formula, z is coordinate parameters of the measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) in z-axis, and h is three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument N (0,0,0)
The sum of with height above sea level；
Step 5.3, measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrive the distance r of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Formula (5), formula (6) are substituted into formula (4) by step 5.4, are obtained:
In formula,
Step 5.5, according to formula (7), the thunder cloud visual angle positioning coordinate (r', α ', β ') of inverting is calculated:
In formula, r' is the inverting value for the distance r that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0), and α ' is institute
The inverting value of the azimuth angle alpha of the thunder cloud M (x, y, z) of measurement, β ' are the anti-of the pitch angle β of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)
Drill value；
Step 5.6, as a charge q, dielectric constant of air ε1, ground where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) permittivity ε2Point
Not Wei datum when, inverting is obtained based on vector correlation shown in the On The Electric Field of Thunderstorm measuring space model in step 1 and formula (8)
Measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) coordinate:
In formula, x', y', z' are respectively the inverting value of the coordinate parameters x, y, z of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；
Step 5.7, according to formula (9), be calculated the thunder cloud based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle positioning coordinate (r, α,
β) are as follows:
In formula, x, y, z is respectively the coordinate parameters of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；α be measured thunder cloud M (x, y,
Z) azimuth；β is the pitch angle of measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z)；R is that measured thunder cloud M (x, y, z) arrives three-dimensional
The distance of atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0).
3. the thunder cloud localization method according to claim 2 based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, it is characterised in that: step
Point charge q in rapid 5.6 is 5C.
4. the thunder cloud localization method according to claim 3 based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, it is characterised in that: step
Dielectric constant of air ε in rapid 5.61It is 1.
5. the thunder cloud localization method according to claim 4 based on three-dimensional atmospheric electric field instrument visual angle, it is characterised in that: step
Ground permittivity ε where atmospheric electric field detector N (0,0,0) in rapid 5.62It is 5.
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