CN109916800B - Method and system for measuring room particulate matter permeability coefficient - Google Patents
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- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 6
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种测量房间颗粒物渗透系数的方法，包括：获取所述房间的空气体积数据V；检测并持续记录所述房间内的颗粒物的浓度Cin，检测并持续记录所述房间外的颗粒物浓度Cout；根据房间内空气体积数据V、所述房间内的颗粒物的浓度Cin以及房间外的颗粒物浓度Cout，根据公式Ⅰ进行计算处理得到颗粒物渗透系数p；其中，k为自然沉降系数，Q为房间内新风量，Qc为空气净化器的风量。该测量房间颗粒物渗透系数的方法和系统，通过直接检测房间内外颗粒物浓度以及房间内CO2浓度，然后经过计算得到房间颗粒物渗透系数，简化检测方法，使得检测过程更加便利且检测结果更加准确。
The invention discloses a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room. The particle concentration C out ; according to the air volume data V in the room, the particle concentration C in in the room, and the particle concentration C out outside the room, calculate and process according to formula I to obtain the particle permeability coefficient p; wherein, k is the natural sedimentation Coefficient, Q is the fresh air volume in the room, Qc is the air volume of the air purifier. The method and system for measuring the permeability of room particulate matter directly detect the concentration of particulate matter inside and outside the room and the CO 2 concentration in the room, and then calculate the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in the room, simplify the detection method, and make the detection process more convenient and the detection result more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of detection of indoor and outdoor permeability coefficients of particulate matters, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters in a room.
Background
A number of epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to particulate matter can lead to significant increases in the morbidity and mortality of respiratory and cardiovascular disease in humans. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct quantitative research on the relationship between the indoor and outdoor particulate matter concentration, especially the PM2.5 concentration, so as to improve the accuracy of the evaluation result of the PM2.5 exposure of the population in epidemiological research.
Parameters currently used to reflect the relationship between the concentrations of indoor and outdoor particles include the permeability coefficient, which refers to the ratio of the concentration of particles entering the room from the outdoor and remaining in suspension to the concentration of particles outside the room. The permeability coefficient is not influenced by indoor pollution sources, only concerns the particles which enter the room and keep a suspension state, is most closely related to health, and has the highest application value in epidemiological research.
In the prior art, a method and a system for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matters in a room are not provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method and system for measuring permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room, which solves one or more of the problems set forth above in the prior art.
The invention provides a method for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matters in a room, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring air volume data V of the room;
detecting and continuously recording the concentration C of the particulate matter in the roominDetecting and sustainingRecording the concentration C of particulate matter outside the roomout；
According to the volume data V and the concentration C of the particulate matter in the roominAnd the concentration C of particles outside the roomoutCalculating according to a formula I to obtain a permeability coefficient p of the particulate matters;
wherein, formula I is as follows:
wherein k is a natural sedimentation coefficient, Q is the fresh air volume in the room, and Qc is the air volume of the air purifier.
In some embodiments, further comprising measuring the CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，m；
Detecting and continuously recording CO in the room2The concentration of (c);
according to the volume data V, CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，mAnd CO in the room2Q is obtained by calculation processing according to formula ii;
wherein, formula II is as follows:
wherein, CCO2，0Is CO in the room2Initial measurement of concentration, CCO2，tIs CO in the room at time t2The measured concentration of (2). Wherein, the background concentration CCO2，mFor measuring CO in room before2The concentration of (c).
In some embodiments, the method has a test period of 30 to 40 minutes. Using CO2The effective time for calculating the fresh air volume in the room is 30-40 minutes.
In some embodiments, the method comprises:
the device comprises a first detection device, a second detection device and a processor connected with the first detection device and the second detection device;
the first detection device is placed in the room and used for detecting and continuously recording the concentration data C of the particulate matters in the roominAnd when recording, the particle concentration data C in the room is recordedinSending to the processor;
the second detection device is arranged in the room and used for detecting and continuously recording the concentration data C of the particulate matters outside the roomoutAnd when recording, the concentration data C of the particulate matters outside the room is recordedoutSending to the processor;
the processor is used for receiving the particulate matter concentration data C in the roominThe outdoor particle concentration data CoutAnd air volume data V of said room and based on particle concentration data C in said roominThe outdoor particle concentration data CoutAnd air volume data V of the room are calculated and processed through a formula I to obtain a particulate matter permeability coefficient p;
wherein, formula I is as follows:
wherein the system further comprises: and the air purifier is used for purifying the particles in the room at the speed of purifying air volume Qc after the measurement is started.
In some embodiments, the first detection device comprises a first PM2.5The sensor, the first data acquisition module and the first wireless transmission module, the first data acquisition module and the first PM2.5The first wireless transmission module and the first data acquisition module are in communication connection with the processor;
the second detection device includes a second PM2.5The sensor, the second data acquisition module and the second wireless transmission module, the second data acquisition module and the second PM2.5The sensor is in communication connection with the second wireless transmission module and the second dataThe acquisition modules are in communication connection;
the second wireless transmission module is in communication connection with the first wireless transmission module.
In some embodiments, the device further comprises a third detection device placed in the room and used for detecting and continuously recording CO in the room2Concentration data and recording the CO in the room2The concentration data is sent to the processor;
the processor is used for receiving CO in the room2Concentration data and in-room CO2Background concentration CCO2，mAnd according to CO in said room2Concentration data and in-room CO2Background concentration CCO2，mCalculating and processing according to a formula II to obtain the fresh air quantity Q in the room;
wherein, formula II is as follows:
wherein, CCO2，0Is CO in the room2Initial measurement of concentration, CCO2，tIs CO in the room at time t2The measured concentration of (a) is measured,
is the background concentration in the room.
In some embodiments, the third detection device is CO2Sensor, the CO2The sensor is in communication connection with the first data acquisition module.
In some embodiments, the system has a test period of 30-40 minutes. Using CO2The effective time for calculating the fresh air volume in the room is 30-40 minutes.
Has the advantages that: according to the method and the system for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters in the room, the concentrations of the particulate matters inside and outside the room and CO in the room are directly detected2Concentration, then the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters in the room is obtained through calculation, the detection method is simplified,the detection process is more convenient and the detection result is more accurate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating an embodiment of a method for measuring permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the system for measuring permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the result of calculation of the permeability coefficient under condition 1;
FIG. 4 shows the result of calculation of the permeability coefficient under condition 2;
FIG. 5 shows the error line and standard deviation of the calculated result of the permeability coefficient under condition 1;
FIG. 6 shows the error bars and standard deviations of the permeability coefficient calculation results under condition 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following examples are only for illustrating the performance of the present invention more clearly and are not limited to the following examples.
The embodiment of the invention measures the permeability coefficient of the particles in the room under the condition of natural convection, wherein the natural convection refers to the condition that no external driving force exists but the fluid still moves.
The particulate matters in the embodiment of the invention refer to solid or liquid particulate matters in the atmosphere, and the particulate matters which have attracted attention currently are divided into two types: PM2.5 (fine particles) and PM10 (respirable particles), the former having a diameter of not more than 2.5 microns and being 1/60 the diameter of human hair, and the latter being coarser, the particulate matter detected in this and other embodiments may be PM2.5 or PM10 or other particulate matter types, without limitation.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the method for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room of the present invention, and the method specifically includes the following steps:
s100, acquiring air volume data V of the room and measuring CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，m；
Wherein, the air volume data V of the room is the actual volume of the room minus the volume data of the object (such as equipment, furniture, seat, etc.) placed in the room;
s200, detecting and continuously recording CO in the room2The concentration of (c);
s300, according to the volume data V and the CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，mAnd CO in the room2Q is obtained by calculation processing according to formula ii;
wherein, formula II is as follows:
wherein, CCO2，0Is CO in the room2Initial measurement of concentration, CCO2，tIs CO in the room at time t2The measured concentration of (2). Wherein, the background concentration CCO2，mFor measuring CO in room before2The concentration of (c).
The fresh air quantity is the fresh air introduced from the outdoor through a window door seam and is different from the indoor return air, the national standard GB/T18883-2002 of China stipulates that the fresh air quantity should not be less than 30m3/h per person. The indoor fresh air volume of the embodiment is solved through CO2The method is as follows step S300.
S400, detecting and continuously recording the concentration C of the particulate matter in the roominDetecting and continuously recording the concentration C of the particulate matter outside the roomout；
S500, according to the volume data V and the concentration C of the particulate matters in the roominAnd the concentration C of particles outside the roomoutCalculating according to a formula I to obtain a permeability coefficient p of the particulate matters;
wherein, formula I is as follows:
wherein k is a natural sedimentation coefficient, Q is the fresh air volume in the room, and Qc is the air volume of the air purifier.
Wherein V is the volume of air (constant/m)3) And C is the concentration of indoor particulate pollutants (mg/m)3) For the test time (h), p is the particle penetration coefficient (dimensionless number), CoutIs the concentration (mg/m) of outdoor particle pollutants3)，CinIs the concentration (mg/m) of indoor particulate pollutants3) Q is the indoor fresh air volume (CAF, m)3H), Qc is air volume (m) of the air purifier3K is the natural settling rate (dimensionless number) of the room.
Wherein Qc is the air volume of the air purifier, i.e. the air purifier is used to purify the particulate matter in the room after the measurement has started at a speed at which the purified air volume is Qc.
Among them, literature-related studies indicate that the natural sedimentation rate k is mainly affected by the particulate matter itself, the indoor wall surface, the indoor ambient wind speed, and other factors. The indoor wind speed can be approximately considered to be low under natural convection, so when the structure of the building is fixed, the corresponding sedimentation rate k should be a fixed value, and the natural sedimentation rate k of the particulate matters of the common civil building is 0: about 0.5.
Wherein the test period of the method is 30-40 minutes. Using CO2The effective time for calculating the fresh air volume in the room is 30-40 minutes.
The method comprises the following steps:
the measurement gave a room background concentration of 600ppm, by the filling method we set the room initial measurement concentration to 1230ppm, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the room was measured every five minutes, after 30 minutes we measured the room final measurement concentration of 1180 ppm. Therefore, the ventilation rate of the room is approximately 0.167h-1The fresh air volume in the room is about 3.17m3。
Under the low working condition (working condition 1) and the high working condition (working condition 2), calculation is carried out, wherein the low working condition is the air volume (Qc ═ 106 m) of the air purifier3H), the middle working condition is the air volume of the air purifier (Qc is 158 m)3/h)。
According to the formula (I), an iterative and exhaustive method is adopted for solving, as the particle penetration coefficient is a coefficient larger than 0, for the reason of reasonable research rule, data in a calculation result caused by data fluctuation are removed, the calculation result is taken as an example, and the final result is shown in fig. 3 and fig. 4.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the initial stage, due to different values of the natural sedimentation coefficient, a certain fluctuation exists in the permeability coefficient in the initial calculation stage, and the large data fluctuation part is the calculation process quantity. After the experiment is balanced, stable convergence can be obtained. Since the structure of the house is known, the permeability coefficient of the particulate matter of the house should be an inherent property under a fixed working condition, and therefore, we can judge that the calculation of the convergence phase should be valid.
To control the random error of the data, we process p in the convergence stage by averaging, and calculate the error bars and standard deviation of p as shown in fig. 5 and 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, under low operating conditions (Qc ═ 106 m)3The average value of the particle penetration coefficient in the convergence stage is 0.8084, the standard deviation is 0.0256, and the overall error is within 0.05. Under the middle-gear working condition (Qc-158 m)3The average value of the particle penetration coefficient in the convergence stage is 0.9336, the standard deviation is 0.0112, and the overall error is within 0.04. The calculation result shows that the model has small overall fluctuation and calculation deviation in the convergence stage, and the result is stable.
The general engineering empirical formula for particulate contamination is given in the literature examined:
in the above formula, Ci＝Cin(t＝0),Cf＝Cin(t ∞), and a is the number of ventilations. Wherein the number of ventilation a can be varied by means of the formula (II)
The number of ventilation times k can be obtained by nonlinear regression with respect to formula (III). However, for formula (IV), the experiments of this patent application were conducted indoors with air purifier control, so that for measured CfIt will be much smaller than that measured in the case of ideal natural convection.
In the case of relatively fixed building structures and atmospheric environments, the air exchange rate of rooms and the natural settling rate of particulate pollutants should be constant, so that we can also estimate the particulate matter penetration coefficient of the buildings tested by the patent application under the condition of ideal natural convection. According to the formula (IV), the penetration coefficient of the particle pollutants under two experimental working conditions in the empirical formula can be calculated. The results are verified with the calculation results of the model established by the method, and the related calculation results and uncertainty test results are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the results calculated by the model established by the method are within an acceptable range, and are not much different from the results of the empirical formula in the literature.
TABLE 1
However, literature research shows that the natural settling coefficient k is susceptible to factors such as indoor wind speed and pressure difference, which indicates that the natural settling coefficient k has high sensitivity under the working condition of non-ideal natural convection, and indicates that a general empirical formula given in literature is poor in calculation robustness under the unconventional working condition and is not suitable for the experimental working condition of the patent application.
Therefore, in the mathematical model established in the present patent application, we can do this by
The coefficient k is constrained, and as the indoor particle pollutants gradually attenuate to the quasi-static equilibrium stage, the coefficient k has
This means that even if k cannot be calibrated, as the attenuation curve gradually approaches equilibrium, the calculation result of the permeability coefficient of the particulate contaminant will tend to converge, and the instability of the natural sedimentation coefficient k cannot affect the calculation result of formula (i).
The results of the tests and calculations are shown in fig. 5 to 6. It can be seen from the figure that the calculation result of the method established by the application of the patent tends to converge at last, and the calculation residual difference is small, so that the calculation result is not greatly influenced by the natural sedimentation coefficient.
This patent application has established the solution model of particulate matter osmotic coefficient based on the decay of indoor particulate pollutant, and through calculation, the osmotic coefficient can converge to formula (V) at the quasi-static equilibrium stage of particulate matter decay:
the fresh air quantity Q in the formula (v) is only related to the ventilation coefficient of the room, and for a certain room, the number of times of ventilation under natural convection is a fixed constant, so the fresh air quantity Q is also fixed. For equation (V), p is only related to Qc and
it is related. This also means that the permeability coefficient p of the particulate pollutants is measured in relation to the working conditions of the measuring device and the atmospheric environment, and from another point of view, the method for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters in the room can be applied to a system for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic view of a flow structure of an embodiment of the system for measuring room permeability coefficient of particulate matter according to the present invention. The system for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particles in the room is placed in the room, and natural convection is realized inside and outside the room through the window gap 300.
The system comprises: a first detection device 100, a second detection device 200, and a processor coupled to the first detection device and the second detection device.
The system also comprises: an air purifier 400 for purifying the particulate matter in the room at a purification air flow rate Qc after the start of the measurement.
Specifically, the first detection means includes a first PM2.5A sensor 110, a first data acquisition module 130, and a first wireless transmission module, the first data acquisition module 130 and the first PM2.5The sensor 110 is in communication connection, and the first wireless transmission module and the first data acquisition module 130 are both in communication connection with the processor;
the second detection device includes a second PM2.5A sensor 210, a second data acquisition module 220, and a second wireless transmission module, the second data acquisition module 220 and the second PM2.5The sensor 210 is in communication connection, and the second wireless transmission module is in communication connection with the second data acquisition module 220;
the second wireless transmission module is in communication connection with the first wireless transmission module.
In order to measure the fresh air quantity Q, the device also comprises a third detection device, wherein the third detection device is CO2Sensor 140, the CO2The sensor 120 is communicatively coupled to the first data acquisition module 130.
The specific working process is as follows:
the outdoor collecting device is partially composed of a second PM2.5The sensor 210, the second wireless transmission module and the second data acquisition module 220 based on STM 32. Second PM2.5During which the sensor 210 obtains raw data and the second data acquisition module 220 acquires a second PM2.5The data of the sensor 210 is then processed to obtain the outdoor PM2.5 content, and is sent to the indoor processor through the second wireless transmission module.
Indoor collection device is composed of CO2Sensor 120, first PM2.5The sensor 110, the first wireless transmission module, the first data acquisition module 130 and the processor. CO 22 Sensor 120, first PM2.5The sensor 110 obtains raw data during the period, and the first data acquisition module 130 obtains the data of the sensor and performs related processing to obtain indoor CO2And PM2.5 content. The first data collection module 130 receives data of the indoor measurement device through the first wireless module.
And the processor calculates and processes the indoor and outdoor related parameters to obtain the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters.
According to the method and the system for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matters in the room, the concentrations of the particulate matters inside and outside the room and CO in the room are directly detected2And the concentration is calculated to obtain the room particulate matter permeability coefficient, so that the detection method is simplified, the detection process is more convenient, and the detection result is more accurate.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and these should also be construed as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method of measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room, comprising:
acquiring air volume data V of the room;
detecting and continuously recording the concentration C of the particulate matter in the roominDetecting and continuously recording the concentration C of the particulate matter outside the roomout；
According to the volume data V and the concentration C of the particulate matter in the roominAnd the concentration C of particles outside the roomoutCalculating according to a formula I to obtain a permeability coefficient p of the particulate matters;
wherein, formula I is as follows:
wherein k is a natural sedimentation coefficient, Q is the fresh air volume in the room, and Qc is the air volume of the air purifier.
2. Measuring room particle according to claim 1The method for measuring the permeability coefficient of the particulate matter is characterized by further comprising measuring CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，m；
Detecting and continuously recording CO in the room2The concentration of (c);
according to the volume data V, CO in the room2Background concentration CCO2，mAnd CO in the room2Q is obtained by calculation processing according to formula ii;
wherein, formula II is as follows:
wherein, CCO2，0Is CO in the room2Initial measurement of concentration, CCO2，tIs CO in the room at time t2The measured concentration of (2).
3. A method of measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter to room according to claim 2, wherein the method has a test period of 30-40 minutes.
4. A system for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room, comprising:
the device comprises a first detection device, a second detection device and a processor connected with the first detection device and the second detection device;
the first detection device is placed in the room and used for detecting and continuously recording the concentration data C of the particulate matters in the roominAnd when recording, the particle concentration data C in the room is recordedinSending to the processor;
the second detection device is arranged outside the room and used for detecting and continuously recording the concentration data C of the particulate matters outside the roomoutAnd when recording, the concentration data C of the particulate matters outside the room is recordedoutSending to the processor;
the processor is used for receiving the particulate matter concentration data C in the roominThe outdoor particle concentration data CoutAnd air volume data V of said room and based on particle concentration data C in said roominThe outdoor particle concentration data CoutAnd air volume data V of the room are calculated and processed through a formula I to obtain a particulate matter permeability coefficient p;
wherein, formula I is as follows:
wherein the system further comprises: and the air purifier is used for purifying the particles in the room at the speed of purifying air volume Qc after the measurement is started.
5. A system for measuring the permeability coefficient of particulate matter in a room as claimed in claim 4, wherein the first sensing means comprises a first PM2.5The sensor, the first data acquisition module and the first wireless transmission module, the first data acquisition module and the first PM2.5The first wireless transmission module and the first data acquisition module are in communication connection with the processor;
the second detection device includes a second PM2.5The sensor, the second data acquisition module and the second wireless transmission module, the second data acquisition module and the second PM2.5The sensor is in communication connection, and the second wireless transmission module is in communication connection with the second data acquisition module;
the second wireless transmission module is in communication connection with the first wireless transmission module.
6. A system for measuring room permeability coefficient to particulate matter as claimed in claim 5 further comprising a third detection device placed in said room for detecting and continuously recording CO in said room2Density data, and will be recordedCO in the room2The concentration data is sent to the processor;
the processor is used for receiving CO in the room2Concentration data and in-room CO2Background concentration CCO2，mAnd according to CO in said room2Concentration data and in-room CO2Background concentration CCO2，mCalculating and processing according to a formula II to obtain the fresh air quantity Q in the room;
wherein, formula II is as follows:
wherein, CCO2，0Is CO in the room2Initial measurement of concentration, CCO2，tIs CO in the room at time t2The measured concentration of (a) is measured,
is the background concentration in the room.
7. A system for measuring room permeability coefficient to particulate matter as claimed in claim 6 wherein said third sensing means is CO2Sensor, the CO2The sensor is in communication connection with the first data acquisition module.
8. A system for measuring room permeability coefficient to particulate matter as claimed in claim 7 wherein the system has a test period of 30-40 minutes.
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