CN109915730B - High-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system and test system thereof - Google Patents
High-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system and test system thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109915730B CN109915730B CN201910180442.1A CN201910180442A CN109915730B CN 109915730 B CN109915730 B CN 109915730B CN 201910180442 A CN201910180442 A CN 201910180442A CN 109915730 B CN109915730 B CN 109915730B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a high-capacity multi-cylinder group low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system and a test system thereof. The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprises a hydrogen charging pipeline, a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device, an emptying pipeline and a hydrogen discharging pipeline; the hydrogen charging pipeline is respectively connected with the emptying pipeline and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device is also connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline. Meanwhile, the invention also provides a test system of the high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system. The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system can realize low-pressure high-density hydrogen storage and high-purity hydrogen supply, can be repeatedly used, is safe and economic, and has good adaptability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and particularly relates to a high-capacity multi-cylinder group low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system and a test system thereof.
Background
From coal to petroleum and then to natural gas, the energy source (utilization mode) of China is a process of decarburization and hydrogenation. The hydrogen energy is used as green renewable energy, and has the advantages of high energy, no pollution, rich storage and the like. The utilization of hydrogen energy includes hydrogen production, hydrogen storage, hydrogen transportation and hydrogenation. In the whole hydrogen energy system, hydrogen storage is one of key links, the efficient storage and safe transportation of hydrogen restrict the wide application of hydrogen energy, and the hydrogen storage is divided into four types, namely high-pressure hydrogen storage, liquefied hydrogen storage, adsorption hydrogen storage and metal hydrogen storage.
In the high-pressure hydrogen storage, the mass content of hydrogen is 1-5.8 wt%, and a high-pressure storage tank in a hydrogen energy automobile generally has two specifications of 35MPa and 70MPa, the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank mainly adopts a novel light pressure-resistant inner container made of a carbon fiber composite material or a fiber fully-wound aluminum alloy at present, and the complex preparation and forming process of a container wall composite material becomes a main technical barrier for large-scale application of the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank.
In the liquefied hydrogen storage, the mass content of hydrogen is more than 5wt%, and hydrogen is cooled to-253 ℃ for storage, so that the ultralow temperature consumption energy is large, the cost is high, but the method has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density and is mainly used in the fields of aerospace and military industry.
In the adsorption hydrogen storage, solid adsorption hydrogen storage and metal hydride hydrogen storage are divided. In the solid adsorption hydrogen storage, the mass content of hydrogen is 5.3-9 wt%, the carbon material is used as a main material for physical hydrogen storage, the environmental parameters are 77k and 4MPa, and the method is still in an experimental stage.
In the metal hydride hydrogen storage, the mass content of hydrogen is 1.4-5.0 wt%, so that high-density, safe and energy-consumption-free hydrogen storage is realized, and the hydrogen storage system is mainly applied to hydrogen supply of fuel cells and fuel cell automobiles, hydrogen purification, storage and transportation of hydrogen plants, hydrogen pressurization (hydrogen pumps) and hydrogenation stations, test instruments, integrated circuits and semiconductor production, powder metallurgy, heat treatment and the like, development of hydrogen medical health application products and the like. The solid hydrogen storage system made of the rare earth hydrogen storage material can realize low-pressure high-density storage and transportation under 3MPa, and the safety is greatly improved because the hydrogen release speed is controlled by the temperature. Meanwhile, the circulating charge and discharge for more than 5000 times can sufficiently cover the service life cycle, and the operation and maintenance cost of the user is reduced. The existing hydrogen storage system has the defects of high-density hydrogen storage and high-purity hydrogen supply, poor reusability and lack of universality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system and a test system thereof, and the technical scheme is as follows:
a high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprising: a hydrogen charging pipeline, a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device, an emptying pipeline and a hydrogen discharging pipeline; the hydrogen charging pipeline is respectively connected with the emptying pipeline and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device is also connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline; the hydrogen charging pipeline comprises a first quick joint, a first ball valve, a first pressure gauge, a first joint and a second joint which are sequentially connected, and the second joint is also connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the emptying pipeline comprises a needle valve, a third joint, a safety valve and a flame arrester; one end of the needle valve is connected with the second joint, and the other end of the needle valve is connected with the third joint; the third joint is also respectively connected with the flame arrester and the safety valve; the safety valve is also connected with the first joint; the hydrogen discharge pipeline comprises a second pressure gauge, a second ball valve, a pressure reducing valve, a third pressure gauge and a second quick connector which are sequentially connected, and the other end of the second pressure gauge is connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device comprises a heat exchange component and a plurality of high-capacity bottle groups connected in parallel, each high-capacity bottle group comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottle units, and the heat exchange component is connected with the high-capacity bottle groups and used for providing heat exchange for the high-capacity bottle groups; the first joint, the second joint and the third joint are all three-way joints.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the number and the volume of the hydrogen storage bottle units and the number of the high-capacity bottle groups of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device are matched with the actual application flow demand, the pressure demand and the total hydrogen release volume demand.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the hydrogen storage bottle unit comprises a hydrogen storage bottle joint, a third quick joint and a hydrogen storage bottle which are connected in sequence.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the hydrogen storage bottle comprises a bottle body and a hydrogen storage material bed body; the bottle body is used for providing an installation space for the hydrogen storage material bed body; the hydrogen storage material bed body is arranged in the bottle body, and the hydrogen storage material and the aluminum tile of the hydrogen storage material bed body are sequentially stacked and arranged in parallel with the axis of the bottle body.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the hydrogen storage material bed body is a mixture in an filling state; the hydrogen storage materials and the aluminum tiles of the hydrogen storage material bed body are sequentially stacked and discharged, and the number of layers of the hydrogen storage materials is smaller than that of the aluminum tiles.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the aluminum tile is 1060 aluminum tile (750 type), and the thickness of the aluminum tile is 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the width of the aluminum tile is 50-1000mm, and the width is matched with the size of the bottle body.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the bottle body comprises a bottle main body and a bottom cover, the bottle main body is used for containing the hydrogen storage material bed body, and the bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the bottle main body and is movably connected with the bottle main body through thread matching.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the bottom cover with install the sealing washer between the bottle main part, the sealing washer is used for sealing the bottle main part with the gap between the bottom cover.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the bottle body is sequentially connected with the third quick connector and the hydrogen storage bottle connector through a bottle valve and is connected into a pipeline of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the filter is arranged in the bottle body and is positioned between the cylinder valve and the hydrogen storage material bed body.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the hydrogen storage device is characterized in that a quartz wool layer is arranged in the bottle body and is positioned between the filter and the hydrogen storage material bed body.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the bottle body and used for relieving pressure.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferably: the heat exchange component is matched with the actual requirement of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device, the temperature control range is-40-350 ℃, the temperature control precision is not less than +/-1 ℃, and the heat exchange component is used for providing heat exchange for the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device.
The high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system as described above is further preferred that the bed of hydrogen storage material uses metal hydride as hydrogen storage medium, and the metal hydride is heavy hydride, which includes but is not limited to L aNi5Alloys, ferrotitanium alloys, and Ti-V-Cr-based alloys.
A high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system test system, comprising: in the high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system, the heat exchange component of the high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system is connected with the high-capacity cylinder group through a fifth test valve; the other end of the first test valve is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline; the other end of the second test valve is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline; the other end of the third test valve is connected with the emptying pipeline; the other end of the fourth test valve is connected with the emptying pipeline; the hydrogen quality flow controller is connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline through a fourth test valve, a third pressure reducing valve, a sixth test valve and a hydrogen mass flow controller in sequence, and the other end of the fourth test valve is connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline; and the pressure sensor is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline.
Analysis shows that compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
the hydrogen charging pipeline of the high-capacity multi-cylinder group low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system is connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device through the four-way joint, and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device is connected with the hydrogen discharging pipeline through the four-way joint, so that the charging and discharging of hydrogen can be completed; the two ends of the emptying pipeline are respectively connected with the second joint and the first joint, so that hydrogen can flow back into the hydrogen charging pipeline, the environment pollution is avoided, the emptying pipeline is economical and practical, and the fire arrester is arranged on the emptying pipeline, so that the safety of the pipeline can be ensured; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device comprises a plurality of high-capacity bottle groups connected in parallel, each high-capacity bottle group comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottle units, and the hydrogen storage bottle units are connected through hydrogen pipelines, so that low-pressure high-density hydrogen storage and high-purity hydrogen supply can be realized, and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device can be repeatedly used, is safe and economical and has good adaptability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a coupling structure of the hydrogen storage cylinder unit of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the test system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of flow, pressure, total hydrogen discharge volume as a function of time at 40 c for a high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the hydrogen storage cylinder of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a first quick coupling; 2-a first ball valve; 3-a first pressure gauge; 4-a first joint; 5-safety valve; 6-a third linker; 7-flame arrestors; 8-needle valve; 9-a second linker; 10-low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage means; 11-a second pressure gauge; 12-a second ball valve; 13-a pressure relief valve; 14-a third pressure gauge; 15-a second quick coupling; 16-high capacity vial set; 17-hydrogen storage bottle joint; 18-a third quick coupling; 19-hydrogen storage bottle; 20-a source of hydrogen gas; 21-a second test valve; 22-a vacuum pump; 23-a third test valve; 24-an evacuation component; 25-a fourth test valve; 26-a hydrogen mass flow controller; 27-a sixth test valve; 28-a third pressure relief valve; 29-a pressure sensor; 30-a seventh test valve; 31-heat exchange means; 32-high capacity multi-cylinder group low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system; 33-a first test valve; 34-a helium source; 35-a first pressure relief valve; 36-a second pressure relief valve; 37-a fifth test valve; 38-bottle body; 39-a bed of hydrogen storage material; 40-bottom cover; 41-cylinder valve; 42-a filter; 43-a layer of quartz wool; 44-a pressure relief valve; 45-a hydrogen storage material; 46-aluminum tile; 47-sealing ring.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, which are for convenience of description of the present invention only and do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The terms "connected" and "connected" used herein should be interpreted broadly, and may include, for example, a fixed connection or a detachable connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intermediate members, and specific meanings of the above terms will be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system, which mainly comprises a hydrogen charging pipeline, a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10, an emptying pipeline and a hydrogen discharging pipeline; the hydrogen charging pipeline is respectively connected with the emptying pipeline and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 is also connected with a hydrogen discharge pipeline, and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 is respectively connected with a hydrogen charging pipeline and a hydrogen discharge pipeline through two four-way joints; the hydrogen charging pipeline comprises a first quick joint 1, a first ball valve 2, a first pressure gauge 3, a first joint 4 and a second joint 9 which are sequentially connected, and the second joint 9 is also connected with a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10; the emptying pipeline comprises a needle valve 8, a third joint 6, a safety valve 5 and a flame arrester 7; one end of the needle valve 8 is connected with the second joint 9, and the other end is connected with the third joint 6; the third joint 6 is also respectively connected with a flame arrester 7 and a safety valve 5; the safety valve 5 is also connected with the first joint 4; the hydrogen discharge pipeline comprises a second pressure gauge 11, a second ball valve 12, a pressure reducing valve 13, a third pressure gauge 14 and a second quick connector 15 which are connected in sequence, and the other end of the second pressure gauge 11 is connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 comprises a heat exchange part 31 and a plurality of high-capacity bottle groups 16 connected in parallel, each high-capacity bottle group 16 comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottle units, and the heat exchange part is connected with the high-capacity bottle groups 16 and is used for providing heat exchange for the high-capacity bottle groups 16; the first joint 4, the second joint 9 and the third joint 6 are all three-way joints; the second pressure gauge 11 is a hydrogen discharge high pressure gauge and is used for testing the hydrogen discharge pressure of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10; the third pressure gauge 14 is a hydrogen-releasing low-pressure gauge and is used for detecting the pressure value after being decompressed by the decompression valve 13, and the second pressure gauge 11 is matched with the third pressure gauge 14 for use, so that the air pressure is detected in real time to ensure the safety; the heat exchange component 31 is a digital display constant temperature water bath box.
Specifically, the hydrogen charging pipeline of the high-capacity multi-cylinder group low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system 32 is connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 through a four-way joint, and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 is connected with the hydrogen discharging pipeline through the four-way joint, so that hydrogen charging and discharging can be completed; the two ends of the emptying pipeline are respectively connected with the second joint 9 and the first joint 4, so that hydrogen can flow back into the hydrogen charging pipeline, environment pollution is avoided, the emptying pipeline is economical and practical, and the fire arrester 7 is arranged on the emptying pipeline, so that the safety of the pipeline can be ensured; the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 comprises a plurality of high-capacity bottle groups 16 connected in parallel, each high-capacity bottle group 16 comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottle units, and the hydrogen storage bottle units are connected through hydrogen pipelines, so that low-pressure high-density hydrogen storage and high-purity hydrogen supply can be realized, and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device can be repeatedly used, is safe and economic and has good adaptability.
The number and volume of the hydrogen storage bottle units and the number of the high-capacity bottle groups 16 of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device are matched with the actual application flow demand, the pressure demand and the total hydrogen release volume demand, and the parallel number of the high-capacity bottle groups 16, the number and volume of the hydrogen storage bottle units can be increased or decreased according to the actual demand. The invention can improve the adaptability of the invention and expand the application range of the invention by flexibly designing the number of the high-capacity bottle groups 16, the number of the hydrogen storage bottle units and the volume, and has the characteristic of wide application range.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the hydrogen storage bottle unit of the present invention includes a hydrogen storage bottle connector 17, a third quick connector 18 and a hydrogen storage bottle 19 which are connected in sequence, and the hydrogen storage bottle connector 17 is a three-way connector. According to the invention, the hydrogen storage bottle 19 is connected to the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 through the hydrogen storage bottle connector 17 and the third quick connector 18 in sequence, so that the quick plugging replacement of the hydrogen storage bottle 19 can be realized on the premise of not influencing the stability of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10, and the use efficiency of the invention is improved.
As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the hydrogen storage bottle 19 of the present invention comprises a bottle body 38 and a bed 39 of hydrogen storage material; the bottle body 38 is used for providing an installation space for the bed 39 of hydrogen storage material; the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 is arranged in the bottle body 38, the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 comprises hydrogen storage materials 45 and aluminum tiles 46, the hydrogen storage materials 45 and the aluminum tiles 46 are sequentially stacked and arranged and are parallel to the axis of the bottle body 38, the heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 can be improved, and meanwhile, the aluminum tiles 46 can also support the hydrogen storage materials 45. Further, the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 is a mixture of filling states; the hydrogen storage materials 45 and the aluminum tiles 46 of the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 are sequentially stacked and discharged, and the number of layers of the hydrogen storage materials 45 is smaller than that of the aluminum tiles 46, so that the stability of heat exchange and the whole structure can be ensured. Specifically, the aluminum tile 46 is 1060 aluminum tile (750 type), and the thickness of the aluminum tile 46 is 0.1mm to 0.5 mm; the width of the aluminum tile 46 is 50-1000mm and matches the size of the bottle 38.
As shown in FIG. 5, the flask 38 of the present invention comprises a flask main body for accommodating a bed 39 of hydrogen storage material, and a bottom cap 40 mounted on the bottom of the flask main body and movably coupled to the flask main body by screw-fitting. The bottom cover 40 and the bottle main body are in threaded connection, so that the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 can be replaced conveniently, the bottle body 38 can be recycled, the damage-free reutilization of the bottle body 38 is realized, the use cost of the bottle body 38 is low, and the service life is long. Further, in order to improve the airtightness between the bottom cap 40 and the bottle main body, a sealing ring 47 is installed between the bottom cap 40 and the bottle main body, and the sealing ring 47 is preferably an O-ring for sealing a gap between the bottle main body and the bottom cap 40 to improve the airtightness of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, 2 and 5, the bottle of the present invention is connected to a third quick coupling 18 and a hydrogen storage bottle coupling 17 in sequence through a bottle valve, and is connected to a pipeline of a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10. The bottle 38 of the present invention is self-contained with a bottle valve and thus is a relatively independent unit that further enhances the interchangeability of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 5, a pressure release valve 44 is further installed on the bottle body 38 of the present invention, and the pressure release valve 44 is used for releasing pressure, so that the air pressure in the bottle body 38 can be ensured within a predetermined range of the pressure release valve 44, and the safety performance of the present invention is improved.
As shown in fig. 5, a filter 42 is installed in the flask 38 of the present invention, the filter 42 is located between the cylinder valve 41 and the bed 39 of hydrogen storage material, and the filter 42 is a strainer. Further, a quartz wool layer 43 is installed in the flask 38 of the present invention, and the quartz wool layer 43 is located between the filter 42 and the bed 39 of hydrogen storage material. The invention can prevent the hydrogen storage material 45 micro powder from overflowing after the hydrogen storage material bed body 39 is repeatedly sucked and discharged and circulated by installing the filter 42 and the quartz wool layer 43.
As shown in figure 1, the heat exchange component 31 of the present invention is a digital display constant temperature water bath, the heat exchange component 31 is connected with the low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10, and matches with the actual requirement of the low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10, the temperature control range is-40 ℃ to 350 ℃, the temperature control precision should not be lower than +/-1 ℃, and the heat exchange component is used for providing heat exchange for the low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10. The invention can meet the charging and discharging requirements of hydrogen by arranging the heat exchange component matched with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10.
The hydrogen storage material bed 39 of the present invention uses metal hydride as hydrogen storage medium, and the metal hydride is heavy hydride, which includes but is not limited to L aNi5Alloys, ferrotitanium alloys, and Ti-V-Cr-based alloys.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system test system, which mainly comprises a high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system 32, wherein a heat exchange component 31 of the high-capacity multi-cylinder low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system 32 is connected to a high-capacity cylinder 16 through a fifth test valve 37; the other end of the first test valve 33 is connected with a hydrogen charging pipeline; the second test valve 21, the second pressure reducing valve 36 and the hydrogen source 20 are connected in sequence, and the other end of the second test valve 21 is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline; the third test valve 23 and the vacuum pump 22 are connected in sequence, and the other end of the third test valve 23 is connected with the emptying pipeline; the other end of the fourth test valve 25 is connected with an emptying pipeline; the hydrogen quality flow controller 26 is connected with the seventh test valve 30, the third pressure reducing valve 28, the sixth test valve 27 and the hydrogen discharging pipeline in sequence, and the other end of the seventh test valve 30 is connected with the hydrogen discharging pipeline; and a pressure sensor 29, wherein the pressure sensor 29 is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline.
The invention can realize the air tightness test, the on-line activation test and the hydrogen discharge test of the high-capacity multi-cylinder group low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system 32 through the test system.
The test of the invention is based on the standard that the purity of hydrogen gas should meet the requirement of high-purity hydrogen in GB/T3634.2, and the purity of helium gas should meet the requirement of high-purity helium in GB/T16943; the test instrument and equipment are qualified according to the general regulations in the field and are within the validity period of the test; the precision of the hydrogen mass flow controller is not lower than +/-minus or plus (1% Rdg +0.2F.S), and the repeatability is not lower than 0.2% F.S.; the pressure sensor precision should not be less than ± 0.5% f.s.; the temperature control precision of the heat exchange component is not less than +/-1 ℃; the limit pressure of the vacuum pump is lower than 10-2mbar. During the test, the invention has a certain degree of repeated operation, and aims to determine the opening and closing states of the relevant valves so as to ensure the rigor of the test.
In the invention, the charging temperature is 10-30 ℃; the hydrogen releasing temperature is 20-80 ℃; the charging pressure is 1MPa-5 MPa; the hydrogen releasing pressure is 0.1MPa-0.9 MPa; the rated charging pressure (maximum charging pressure) was set to 5 MPa.
As shown in fig. 3, the hermeticity test is performed by a helium pressure holding method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the second test valve 21, the first test valve 33, the third test valve 23, the fifth test valve 37, the fourth test valve 25, the seventh test valve 30 and the sixth test valve 27;
step two: opening the vacuum pump 22, slowly opening the third test valve 23, vacuumizing, simultaneously opening the fifth test valve 37, supplying heat to the heat exchange part 31, setting the temperature to be the hydrogen desorption temperature, and vacuumizing for at least 24 hours;
step three: closing the first test valve 33, adjusting the first pressure reducing valve 35, and setting the outlet pressure thereof to 1.05 times of the rated charging pressure (the rated charging pressure refers to the maximum charging pressure of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10), while maintaining the temperature of the heat exchange part 31 at the hydrogen discharge temperature;
step four: opening a first test valve 33, filling helium gas into the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 to 1.05 times of the hydrogen filling pressure, keeping the constant pressure for 1 hour, closing the first test valve 33, simultaneously recording the value of a pressure sensor, and recording the time for more than 24 hours;
step five: after the test was completed, the helium was purged and replaced with hydrogen.
When the test result is judged, the judgment basis is as follows: and in the helium pressure maintaining process, the pressure drop is smaller than one thousandth of the inflation pressure, and the pressure drop is regarded as qualified.
As shown in fig. 3, the on-line activation test procedure was as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: closing the second test valve 21, the first test valve 33, the third test valve 23, the fifth test valve 37, the fourth test valve 25, the seventh test valve 30 and the sixth test valve 27;
step two: opening a fifth test valve 37, adjusting the temperature of the heat exchange part 31 to the hydrogen charging temperature, and keeping the temperature for more than 1 hour;
step three: opening the vacuum pump 22, slowly opening the third test valve 23, vacuumizing for more than 24 hours, and closing the third test valve 23;
step four: closing the second test valve 21, adjusting the second pressure reducing valve 36, setting the outlet pressure of the second pressure reducing valve to be the rated hydrogen charging pressure, maintaining the temperature of the heat exchange part 31 to be the hydrogen charging temperature, opening the second test valve 21, charging the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 to the hydrogen charging pressure, and closing the second test valve 21 after keeping the pressure constant for 5 hours;
step five: opening the fourth test valve 25, emptying the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10, closing the fourth test valve 25 when the pressure sensor 29 shows that the numerical value is lower than the atmospheric pressure, and repeating the vacuumizing step until the pressure is reduced to 0.01 MPa;
step six: the steps of vacuumizing, hydrogen filling and evacuating are repeated for more than two times until the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 is completely activated, namely, the maximum hydrogen amount which can be provided by the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10.
Wherein, the first step to the third step are vacuum pumping steps; step four is a hydrogen charging step; step five is an emptying step; and the sixth step is an activation step.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the operation procedure of the hydrogen discharge test simulating the normal use state is as follows:
the method comprises the following steps: operating the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 which is subjected to online activation and hydrogen charging, opening a fifth test valve 37, adjusting the heat exchange component 31 to the hydrogen discharge temperature, keeping the temperature for more than 1 hour, adjusting a third pressure reducing valve 28, setting the outlet pressure of the third pressure reducing valve as the rated hydrogen discharge pressure, and opening a seventh test valve 30;
step two: setting a rated hydrogen discharge rate of the hydrogen mass flow controller 26, opening the sixth test valve 27 to start hydrogen discharge, and closing the seventh test valve 30 and the sixth test valve 27 to stop hydrogen discharge when the actual hydrogen discharge rate is reduced to 5% of the initial flow value;
step three: and repeating the steps of charging and discharging hydrogen to realize the simulation of repeated use.
As shown in fig. 1, taking the example that the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device 10 includes three groups of high-capacity bottle groups 16 connected in parallel, each group of high-capacity bottle groups 16 includes four hydrogen storage bottle units, and the volume of each hydrogen storage bottle unit is 1 standard liter, a test is performed, the temperature of the heat exchange component is kept at 40 ℃, the initial hydrogen discharge flow rate is controlled at 20 standard liters per minute, the hydrogen discharge is performed for 150 minutes, the total hydrogen discharge amount can reach 5000 liters, and a curve graph of the change of the flow rate, the pressure and the total hydrogen discharge amount along with time is shown in fig. 4.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. A high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system comprising:
a hydrogen charging pipeline, a low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device (10), an emptying pipeline and a hydrogen discharging pipeline;
the hydrogen charging pipeline is respectively connected with the emptying pipeline and the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device;
the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device is also connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline;
the hydrogen charging pipeline comprises a first quick joint (1), a first ball valve (2), a first pressure gauge (3), a first joint (4) and a second joint (9) which are sequentially connected, and the second joint is also connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device;
the emptying pipeline comprises a needle valve (8), a third joint (6), a safety valve (5) and a flame arrester (7); one end of the needle valve is connected with the second joint, and the other end of the needle valve is connected with the third joint; the third joint is also respectively connected with the flame arrester and the safety valve; the safety valve is also connected with the first joint;
the hydrogen discharge pipeline comprises a second pressure gauge (11), a second ball valve (12), a pressure reducing valve (13), a third pressure gauge (14) and a second quick connector (15) which are connected in sequence, and the other end of the second pressure gauge is connected with the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device;
the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device comprises a heat exchange component (31) and a plurality of high-capacity bottle groups (16) connected in parallel, wherein each high-capacity bottle group comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage bottle units, and the heat exchange component is connected with the high-capacity bottle groups and used for providing heat exchange for the high-capacity bottle groups.
2. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 1, wherein:
the hydrogen storage bottle unit comprises a hydrogen storage bottle joint (17), a third quick joint (18) and a hydrogen storage bottle (19) which are connected in sequence.
3. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 2, wherein:
the hydrogen storage bottle comprises a bottle body and a hydrogen storage material bed body; the bottle body is used for providing an installation space for the hydrogen storage material bed body; the hydrogen storage material bed body is arranged in the bottle body, and the hydrogen storage material and the aluminum tile of the hydrogen storage material bed body are sequentially stacked and arranged in parallel with the axis of the bottle body.
4. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 3, wherein:
the bottle body comprises a bottle main body and a bottom cover, the bottle main body is used for containing the hydrogen storage material bed body, and the bottom cover is arranged at the bottom of the bottle main body and is movably connected with the bottle main body through thread matching.
5. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 3, wherein:
the bottle body is sequentially connected with the third quick connector and the hydrogen storage bottle connector through a bottle valve and is connected into a pipeline of the low-pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage device.
6. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 5, wherein:
the filter is arranged in the bottle body and is positioned between the cylinder valve and the hydrogen storage material bed body.
7. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 6, wherein:
the hydrogen storage device is characterized in that a quartz wool layer is arranged in the bottle body and is positioned between the filter and the hydrogen storage material bed body.
8. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 3, wherein:
and a pressure relief valve is arranged on the bottle body and used for relieving pressure.
9. The high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of claim 3, wherein:
the hydrogen storage material bed body adopts metal hydride as a hydrogen storage medium, and the metal hydride is heavy hydride.
10. A high capacity multi-cylinder low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system test system, comprising:
the high capacity multi-cylinder battery low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system of any one of claims 1-9, said heat exchange component of said high capacity multi-cylinder battery low pressure metal hydride hydrogen storage system being connected to said high capacity cylinder battery through a fifth test valve (37); and
the device comprises a first test valve (33), a first pressure reducing valve (35) and a helium source (34), wherein the first test valve, the first pressure reducing valve and the helium source are sequentially connected, and the other end of the first test valve is connected with a hydrogen charging pipeline;
the hydrogen charging device comprises a second test valve (21), a second pressure reducing valve (36) and a hydrogen source (20), which are connected in sequence, wherein the other end of the second test valve is connected with the hydrogen charging pipeline;
the other end of the third test valve (23) is connected with the emptying pipeline;
the other end of the fourth test valve (25) is connected with the emptying pipeline;
the hydrogen quality and flow controller comprises a seventh test valve (30), a third pressure reducing valve (28), a sixth test valve (27) and a hydrogen quality and flow controller (26), which are connected in sequence, wherein the other end of the seventh test valve is connected with the hydrogen discharge pipeline;
a pressure sensor (29) connected to the charging conduit.
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| CN110425416B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Small-scale low-energy-consumption ladder hydrogen storage system and method |
| CN110718704A (en) * | 2019-10-17 | 2020-01-21 | 江苏集萃安泰创明先进能源材料研究院有限公司 | Metal hydride hydrogen storage bottle on-line activation hydrogen supply device matched with fuel cell system |
| CN111006127B (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏集萃安泰创明先进能源材料研究院有限公司 | Hydrogenation station taking industrial high-pressure composite metal hydride hydrogen storage system as hydrogen source |
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