CN109914133B - Low-temperature soaping agent and soaping method for preventing staining of reactive dye - Google Patents

Low-temperature soaping agent and soaping method for preventing staining of reactive dye Download PDF

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CN109914133B
CN109914133B CN201910178626.4A CN201910178626A CN109914133B CN 109914133 B CN109914133 B CN 109914133B CN 201910178626 A CN201910178626 A CN 201910178626A CN 109914133 B CN109914133 B CN 109914133B
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汤威宜
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Hunan Institute of Engineering
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Abstract

The invention provides a low-temperature soaping agent for preventing staining of reactive dyes, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% -55% of alkaline substances; 15% -25% of inorganic salt; 20% -25% of a chelating dispersant; 10% -15% of oxidizing substances; 0.05 to 0.3 percent of catalytic synergistic substance. The reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is applied to a soaping process after printing or dyeing of reactive dyes on fabrics or fibers, and can solve the problems that the existing soaping agent is poor in anti-staining effect in the soaping process, low in soaping efficiency, too much in water consumption, high in soaping temperature, too high in energy consumption, too high in chroma of soaping residual liquid, and too high in COD and total nitrogen.

Description

Low-temperature soaping agent and soaping method for preventing staining of reactive dye
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of dyeing and finishing soaping processes, in particular to an anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent for an active dye and a soaping method.
Background
Reactive dyes are generally used for dyeing or printing fibers (such as cellulose fibers, protein fibers, nylon fibers and the like), yarns or fabrics containing hydroxyl, amino or imino groups, because the reactive dyes have the characteristics of bright color, good leveling property, simple and convenient dyeing, complete color spectrum, low cost and the like, and the reactive dyes are reactive dyes, and reactive groups contained in molecules of the reactive dyes can react with the hydroxyl, amino or imino groups in the fibers (such as nucleophilic substitution or nucleophilic addition reaction) to generate firm covalent bonds in the dyeing process, so that the reactive dyes have high dyeing fastness. However, the dye can not completely react with the fiber during printing or dyeing, the utilization rate is about 70%, some unreacted dye and hydrolytic dye can exist on the fiber or fabric, and the unreacted dye must be soaped and removed, otherwise the color fastness (mainly water washing color fastness and rubbing color fastness) of the dyed fiber or fabric is seriously affected, or when reactive dye is used for printing or dyeing multicolor fabric, the unreacted dye can continue to react and dye with light-colored fabric or white-bottom fabric, so that staining is caused, and the white-bottom color and the color fastness are affected, therefore, the soaping agent plays an important role in the color fastness of the fabric and the printing white-bottom effect.
The soaping agent is one of the most commonly used auxiliary agents in the printing and dyeing industry and plays a role in removing the fixed dye on the fiber. The traditional soaping process is to carry out multiple soaping and water washing at 95-105 ℃ so as to meet the color fastness requirement of customers on fabrics, the energy consumption and the water consumption are extremely high, and the national environmental protection has increasingly strict requirements and regulations on the discharge amount of wastewater, COD (chemical oxygen demand), chromaticity and total nitrogen of ammonia nitrogen of printing and dyeing enterprises.
The soaping agent on the market is mainly a surfactant or a compound thereof, and the soaping agent has high foam, poor floating color removing capability, high energy consumption and large wastewater discharge amount and needs high temperature and repeated washing; in addition, the soaping agent has poor anti-staining capability, so that the white bottom can not meet the requirement of anti-staining when the printed cloth is soaped. The chroma of the soaping wastewater of dyeing and printing by the reactive dye is particularly high; because various auxiliary agents are used, the COD of the wastewater is also high; particularly, urea is often used as a humectant in a large amount in the printing process, and the control of the total nitrogen content in the wastewater is also a problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent, which is applied to a soaping process after printing or dyeing of reactive dyes on fabrics or fibers, and aims to solve the problems that the prior soaping agent has poor anti-staining effect, low soaping efficiency, too much water consumption, high soaping temperature, too high energy consumption, too high chroma of soaping residual liquid, too high COD (chemical oxygen demand) and high total nitrogen in the soaping process, and the specific scheme of the invention is as follows:
the low-temperature soaping agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Figure BDA0001990473150000021
further, the alkaline substance is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, or anhydrous sodium metasilicate.
Further, the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate.
Further, the chelating dispersant is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium salt of a propylene copolymer, sodium polyaspartate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyepoxysuccinate.
Further, the oxidizing substance is selected from one or more of potassium permanganate, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium perborate, or potassium perborate.
Further, the catalytic synergistic substance comprises one or more of chelated iron, chelated copper, chelated titanium, chelated nickel, chelated cobalt and chelated manganese.
Furthermore, the catalytic synergistic substance is one of chelated copper and chelated manganese or is composed of the chelated copper and the chelated manganese.
A soaping method is characterized by comprising the following steps: after the fabric, yarn or fiber is dyed or printed by the reactive dye, the anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is added for soaping.
Further, the soaping temperature is
Figure BDA0001990473150000031
Preferably 70 ℃; the soaping time is
Figure BDA0001990473150000032
Figure BDA0001990473150000033
Preferably 20 min.
Further, the dosage of the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is 0.1 g/L-0.5 g/L.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: in the soaping process of the reactive dye soaping agent, the alkaline substance can further hydrolyze the reactive dye which does not participate in the reaction so as to prevent the reactive dye from reacting and combining with the fiber; the inorganic salt has a synergistic effect on washing away the floating color; the chelating dispersant can chelate metal ions in the working solution to ensure that printed or dyed cloth has bright color, can remove floating color and dyes and other impurities in the dispersing working solution to prevent staining, and has good compatibility and synergistic interaction; the oxidant is used for oxidizing the unreacted active dye and hydrolytic dye in the working solution to destroy chromophoric groups of the reactive dye and the hydrolytic dye, so that the chroma of the soaping residual liquid is low and the staining resistance is lost, and the staining resistance effect is further ensured and enhanced. The oxidant is selected according to the temperature of the working solution and the oxidation capacity of the working solution, and the selected oxidant can only oxidize the reactive dye and the hydrolytic dye in the working solution, but can not oxidize the reactive dye which is reacted and firmly combined with the fiber, so that the chromaticity and the color fastness of the soaped fabric are ensured. Further, the catalytic synergistic substance can further lower the soaping temperature and improve the action efficiency of the oxidation component, and particularly when the chelated copper and the chelated manganese are cooperatively used as the catalytic synergistic substance, the soaping anti-staining effect is optimal.
Detailed Description
The technology of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following detailed description is only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention.
The anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent of the reactive dye comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 45% -55% of alkaline substances; 15% -25% of inorganic salt; 20% -25% of a chelating dispersant; 10% -15% of oxidizing substances; 0.05 to 0.3 percent of catalytic synergistic substance.
The reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the alkaline substance is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate or anhydrous sodium metasilicate; the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate and ammonium sulfate; the chelating dispersant is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium salt of a propylene copolymer, sodium polyaspartate, sodium tripolyphosphate and polyepoxysuccinic acid sodium; the oxidizing substance is selected from one or more of potassium permanganate, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium perborate or potassium perborate; the catalysis synergistic substance is selected from one or more of chelated iron, chelated copper, chelated titanium, chelated nickel, chelated cobalt or chelated manganese, and the chelation generally adopts the form of common ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), specifically EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated titanium, EDTA chelated nickel, EDTA chelated cobalt or EDTA chelated manganese. The anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent of the reactive dye of the invention is further described with reference to the preparation method examples.
According to the soaping method, after the fabric, yarn or fiber is dyed or printed by the reactive dye, the anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is added for soaping. The soaping temperature is
Figure BDA0001990473150000041
Preferably 70 ℃; the soaping time is
Figure BDA0001990473150000042
Preferably 20 min; the dosage of the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is 0.1 g/L-0.5 g/L, and preferably 0.45 g/L. In order to facilitate feeding use, the anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is prepared by adding an alkaline substance, an inorganic salt, a chelating dispersant, an oxidizing substance and a catalytic synergistic substance according to the mass percentage, putting the mixture into a double-helix conical mixer, and stirring and mixing the mixture uniformly at room temperature.
The following is a further description by way of specific examples.
Examples
Preparation of anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent
Examples 1 to 1
The following components are prepared according to mass percentage: 450g of sodium carbonate; 200g of potassium chloride; 200g of sodium gluconate; 150g of sodium perborate and 2g of EDTA chelated copper serving as a catalytic synergistic substance, and putting the prepared materials into a double-helix conical mixer, and stirring and mixing the materials uniformly at room temperature to prepare the low-temperature soaping agent 1 for preventing the staining of the reactive dye.
Examples 1 to 2
The following components are prepared according to mass percentage: 450g of sodium carbonate; 200g of potassium chloride; 200g of sodium gluconate; 150g of sodium perborate; and adding 2g of catalytic synergistic substance EDTA chelated manganese, putting the prepared materials into a double-helix conical mixer, and stirring and mixing uniformly at room temperature to obtain the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 2.
Examples 1 to 3
The following components are prepared according to mass percentage: 450g of sodium carbonate; 200g of potassium chloride; 200g of sodium gluconate; 150g of sodium perborate; 2g of catalytic synergistic substance EDTA chelated iron, putting the prepared materials into a double-helix conical mixer, and stirring and mixing uniformly at room temperature to prepare the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 3.
Staining prevention experiment
Example 2-1
Firstly, dyeing a whole piece of cotton cloth by using active black KN-B and active red KN-5B, wherein the process conditions of the active dye dyeing are as follows: 3% o.w.f. (relative to the total mass of the fabric to be treated), reactive red KN-5B: 3% o.w.f. (relative to the total mass of the fabric to be treated), sodium sulfate: 60g/L, sodium carbonate: 20g/L, bath ratio: 1:10.
Dyeing the cloth sample according to the formula process, dyeing at 65 ℃, heating at the rate of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature at 90 ℃ for 50 minutes, adding the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent 1 into a working solution of a round-bottom flask, stirring and dissolving, and then respectively putting dyed cotton cloth and undyed white cotton cloth with the same mass into the solution for soaping, wherein the soaping process test conditions are that the soaping agent is 0.4g/L, the bath ratio is 1:20, the soaping temperature is 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and 80 ℃, and the soaping time is 10 minutes.
Examples 2 to 2
The reactive dye staining prevention low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 is replaced by the reactive dye staining prevention low-temperature soaping agent 2, and other experimental conditions are the same as those in the example 2-1.
Examples 2 to 3
The reactive dye staining prevention low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 was replaced with the reactive dye staining prevention low-temperature soaping agent 3, and other experimental conditions were the same as those in the example 2-1.
Comparative example 2-1
The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 is replaced by a soaping agent EDDHA-Na, and other experimental conditions are consistent with those in the example 2-1.
Comparative examples 2 to 2
In example 2-1, the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 is not added, and other experimental conditions are not changed.
After soaping the above examples 2-1 to comparative examples 2-2, K/S values of undyed white cotton cloth were obtained by testing at room temperature by a DOTACOLOR color tester (500UV) and the test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 anti-staining test results for example 2-1 to comparative example 2-2
Figure BDA0001990473150000061
As can be seen from Table 1, the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent of the invention has significantly better anti-staining capability when used for reactive dye dyeing or printing soaping, and has the best effect at 70 ℃ when used for soaping the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agents of examples 2-1 to 2-3 at 60 ℃, 70 ℃ and 80 ℃.
Examples 2 to 4
The experimental conditions were the same as in example 2-1 except that the soaping temperature was 70 ℃ and the soaping time was 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes.
Examples 2 to 5
The experimental conditions were the same as in example 2-2 except that the soaping temperature was 70 ℃ and the soaping time was 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes.
Examples 2 to 6
The experimental conditions were the same as in examples 2 to 3 except that the soaping temperature was 70 ℃ and the soaping time was 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes.
Comparative examples 2 to 3
The experimental conditions were identical to those of comparative example 2-1, except that the soaping temperature was 70 ℃ and the soaping times were 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes.
Comparative examples 2 to 4
The experimental conditions were identical to those of comparative example 2-2, except that the soaping temperature was 70 ℃ and the soaping time was 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes.
After soaping the above examples 2-4 to comparative examples 2-4, K/S values of undyed white cotton cloth were obtained by testing at room temperature by a DOTACOLOR color tester (500UV) and the test results are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 results of the discoloration prevention test for examples 2 to 4 to comparative examples 2 to 4
Figure BDA0001990473150000081
From table 2, it can be seen that the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent of the invention has significantly better anti-staining capability when used for reactive dye dyeing or printing soaping, and EDTA chelated iron is likely to have faster catalytic efficiency than chelated copper or chelated manganese and is also likely to cause side reaction, so that the K/S value is higher than that of chelated copper or chelated manganese, and the optimal soaping time of chelated copper or chelated manganese is 20 minutes.
Examples 2 to 7
The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 is replaced by the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 and the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 2 which are mixed in equal amount, the soaping temperature is 70 ℃, the soaping time is 20 minutes, and other experimental conditions are the same as those in the example 2-1.
Examples 2 to 8
The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 is replaced by the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 and the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 3 which are mixed in equal amount, the soaping temperature is 70 ℃, the soaping time is 20 minutes, and other experimental conditions are the same as those in the example 2-1.
Examples 2 to 9
The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 1 in the example 2-1 is replaced by the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 2 and the reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent 3 which are mixed in equal amount, the soaping temperature is 70 ℃, the soaping time is 20 minutes, and other experimental conditions are the same as those in the example 2-1.
After soaping of the above examples 2-7 to examples 2-9, K/S values of undyed white cotton cloth were obtained by testing at room temperature with a DOTACOLOR color tester (500UV) and the test results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 anti-staining test results for examples 2-7 to comparative examples 2-9
Examples K/S value
EXAMPLES examples 2 to 7 0.09
Examples 2 to 8 0.128
Examples 2 to 9 0.132
As can be seen from Table 3, the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent 1 and the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent 2 have the best effect when being used in a compound way.
Wash fastness test/rub fastness test
The cotton cloths soaped for 20 minutes in examples 2 to 4, examples 2 to 5, examples 2 to 6, comparative examples 2 to 3 and comparative examples 2 to 4, and the cotton cloths soaped for examples 2 to 7, examples 2 to 8 and examples 2 to 9 were subjected to a washing fastness test and a rubbing fastness test, and the test results are shown in table 4.
Wherein, the test of the fastness to washing refers to GB/T3921.3-1997 textile soaping color fastness test method, the test of the fastness to rubbing refers to the test of the standard GB/T3920-1997 textile color fastness test fastness to rubbing.
TABLE 4 Wash fastness test/rub fastness test results
Figure BDA0001990473150000101
As can be seen from the above Table 4, the low temperature soaping agent for preventing staining of the reactive dye has excellent fastness to washing and rubbing, which is improved by at least more than one grade, and the best examples 2-7 are provided.
Soaping raffinate sewage COD/Total Nitrogen/chroma/PH test for dyed cotton fabrics
The sewage after soaping in examples 2 to 4, comparative examples 2 to 3 and comparative examples 2 to 4 was tested for 20 minutes, and examples 2 to 7 were soaped, and the test results are shown in Table 5.
Among them, the COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) test is referred to the national standard GB11914-89 determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand, the test instrument is H5B-2FW type COD rapid tester, the test temperature is room temperature, and the test results are shown in Table 7. The determination of Total Nitrogen (TN) refers to national standard GB11894-89 alkaline potassium persulfate ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the test instrument is an RYSZ-137 type total nitrogen detector, the test temperature is room temperature, and the test results are shown in Table 7. The measurement of the chromaticity is referred to the national standard GB11903-89 determination of Water quality chromaticity, the test instrument is a WS-BL type multiplying power method chromaticity instrument, the test temperature is room temperature, and the test results are shown in Table 7. The PH is measured by referring to the national standard GB6920-86 glass electrode method for measuring the PH value of water, and the measuring instrument is an ENCO Jegaceae 6178 desk type PH meter, and the measuring temperature is room temperature.
TABLE 5 soaping residual liquid sewage test results
Examples COD Total nitrogen (mg/L) Chroma (double) pH value
Examples 2 to 4 119 11.7 197 7.2
Examples 2 to 7 103 10.8 195 7.1
Comparative examples 2 to 3 3200 21 8000 10.1
Comparative examples 2 to 4 1800 17 8000 9.1
From the above table 5, it can be seen that when the reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent is used for the reactive dye dyeing soaping, the COD, the total nitrogen, the chromaticity and the PH value of the residual liquid sewage after the soaping are obviously reduced, the PH is close to neutral, and the chromaticity can even be close to colorless, so that the sewage treatment pressure can be greatly reduced.
In conclusion, the soaping process is applied to the soaping process of pure cotton fibers, cotton-polyester blended fibers and other cotton-containing blended fibers, is suitable for the soaping process at low temperature (60-80 ℃), reduces energy consumption, and can meet the production requirements of factories particularly under the combined use at 70 ℃; the anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent for the reactive dye is efficient and free of foam generation, so that the washing times can be reduced, water and time are saved, and the requirements of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection are met. In addition, COD, total nitrogen, chroma and PH value of the residual liquid sewage after soaping are all obviously reduced, PH is close to neutral, and the sewage treatment pressure can be reduced.

Claims (10)

1. The low-temperature soaping agent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
45% -55% of alkaline substances;
15% -25% of inorganic salt;
20% -25% of a chelating dispersant;
10% -15% of oxidizing substances;
0.05 to 0.3 percent of catalytic synergistic substance;
the catalysis synergistic substance comprises one or more of EDTA chelated iron, EDTA chelated copper, EDTA chelated titanium, EDTA chelated nickel, EDTA chelated cobalt and EDTA chelated manganese.
2. The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alkaline substance is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium phosphate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate pentahydrate, and anhydrous sodium metasilicate.
3. The reactive dye staining-resistant low-temperature soaping agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic salt is selected from one or more of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate.
4. The reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chelating dispersant is selected from one or more of sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, sodium polyacrylate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium salt of a propylene copolymer, sodium polyaspartate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium polyepoxysuccinate.
5. The reactive dye staining low temperature soaping agent according to claim 1, wherein the oxidizing substance is selected from one or more of potassium permanganate, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium perborate, or potassium perborate.
6. The reactive dye anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the catalytic synergistic substance is one of chelated copper and chelated manganese or is composed of chelated copper and chelated manganese.
7. A soaping method is characterized by comprising the following steps: after dyeing or printing the fabric, yarn or fiber reactive dye, adding the anti-staining low-temperature soaping agent according to any one of the claims 1-6 for soaping.
8. The soaping method according to claim 7, wherein the soaping temperature is 60-80 ℃; the soaping time is 10-30 min.
9. The soaping method of claim 8, wherein the soaping temperature is 70 ℃; the soaping time is 20 min.
10. The soaping method of claim 7, wherein the reactive dye anti-staining low temperature soaping agent is present in an amount of from 0.1 g/l to 0.5 g/l.
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