CN109910602A - The self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hubs of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output, the transmission ratio I that there is reverse gear mechanism the power that will reverse gear main shaft is transferred to from countershaft, the bottom gear transmission mechanism has the transmission ratio II that bottom gear power is transferred to main shaft from countershaft, and transmission ratio I is more than or equal to transmission ratio II；The present invention utilizes the reasonable cooperation of two freewheel clutches, transmission ratio is rationally arranged in the structure that will reverse gear and low speed retaining device, so that overall structure is simple and compact, reverse gear and bottom gear, fast gear, which is driven, shares drive path, and it does not interfere, it ensure that the overall performance of Adaptive Mechanical automatic transmission of the invention, adaptability is stronger, cooperate smooth nature with self-adapting automatic gear shift mechanism, reduce manufacturing cost, guarantee the stability of transmission, simultaneously, speed change clutch component as motor it is hollow in, over all Integration is preferable, reduce axial dimension, it is used more suitable for wheel hub.

Description

The self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of vehicle transmission, in particular to a kind of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft exports adaptive Answer automatic speed-changing electric wheel hub.

Background technique

The general applying working condition of machine driven system is complicated, needs to distribute the transmission that torque realizes different loads and revolving speed, with For electric vehicle, running environment is complicated and changeable.And the electric drive method that existing electric car generallys use is that motor driven is fixed Speed ratio, high efficiency reasonable interval is narrow limited, causes vicious circle, thus generates following point:

It works in the range of the torque of a certain operating condition 1. can only meet.

2. can only improve the revolving speed of motor to meet road condition in constant-speed ratio, increase motor manufacturing cost.

3. the motor feels hot, service efficiency and service life decline；

4. such as to meet requirement of the electric car complex working condition to torque, it can only be by constantly increasing current of electric and turning Speed can not only take the harm being large current discharge to battery into account, can only utilize peak power, peak torque and the big electricity of peak value of motor Stream carrys out driving motor, does not follow the flash-over characteristic of power battery pack completely；

5. power battery pack capacitance sharply declines since the heavy-current discharge duration is long, peak value heavy-current discharge makes Battery steep temperature rise, heating cause battery core internal resistance increased dramatically, and battery is greatly impacted and brings the damage that can not be retrieved Evil, capacitance of storage and battery core service life fall sharply, and number of recharge cycles is quickly reduced, the problem that course continuation mileage can be brought shorter and shorter；

6. energy recovery efficiency is low；

7. being to increase function to increase square using high-speed motor acceleration and deceleration mechanism essence, high efficiency conversion can not achieve, in low-speed heave-load Under operating condition, motor performance can be brought to deteriorate rapidly, hinder the problem of turning lower low efficiency；High current power supply and frequent heavy current impact, Battery caused by overloading, controller, electric appliance and cable do not keep off damage, and especially big big battery shortens circulation mission, less economical；

But the prior art is by the driving method and technology path of constant-speed ratio utilized above that there are critical defects and can not Overcome.

Existing automatic transmission passes through synchronizer, shift fork and tooth using solenoid valve and servo motor for more property controls The component of machine such as ring realize upshift and downshift.It is more that Ji Ju forms components, it is necessary to cut off power, at this moment motor speed moment liter To highest, and running car power suddenly disappears, speed prompt drop in the case where travelling drag effect, and algorithm complexity is difficult to realize in due course same Step control, and require cutting conversion time in a short time, pause and transition in rhythm or melody sense is strong, poor reliability etc.；There is safety, comfort, The problems such as reliability.

In order to solve problem above, present inventor has invented a series of cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device, energy Detect driving torque-revolving speed and running resistance-speed signal according to running resistance, make motor or engine output with Traveling state of vehicle is in best match state always, realizes that vehicle traction torque and the balance of comprehensive running resistance control, convex Self-adapting automatic gear shifting device load with traveling power variation change transmission ratio, in the case where not cutting off driving force adaptively with Running resistance variation is automatic to carry out shift speed change, makes motor or engine always in high efficient area speedy carding process torque；It can expire Motor vehicles run smoothly under sufficient mountain area, hills and heavy load conditions, improve safety；Although having the above advantages, cam is certainly Automatic transimission is adapted to due to using in mechanical automatic speed changing structure, being suitable for the unidirectional of battery-operated motor cycle and electric bicycle Power is transmitted, is not suitable for needing the speed changer of the motor vehicle of bi-directional drive and mechanical device, according to traditional reverse gear mechanism, not only It will increase the volume of speed changer entirety and the complexity of structure, and cannot be fine with cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device Ground fusion；Meanwhile the speed changing structure axial dimension is used for such as two wheeler, then needs further integrated improve.

Therefore, it is necessary to one kind to improve above-mentioned cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device, and it is stronger to increase adaptability Reverse gear mechanism, device are not only able to carry out shift change automatically in the case where adaptively not cutting off driving force with running resistance variation Speed, and can solve under bi-directional drive operating condition, it is able to satisfy the problem of complex condition high efficiency road forward and reverse travels, And setting is simple and compact, cooperates smooth with cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting mechanism naturally, reducing manufacturing cost, guarantees the steady of transmission It is qualitative；Meanwhile integration is preferable, can be used for wheel hub.

Summary of the invention

In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of adaptive automatic changes of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output Fast electric wheel hub, increases the stronger reverse gear mechanism of adaptability, and device is not only able to not cut off with running resistance variation adaptively Automatically shift speed change is carried out in the case where driving force, and can solve under bi-directional drive operating condition, and complex condition height is able to satisfy The problem of efficiency road forward and reverse travels, and setting is simple and compact, it is smooth to cooperate with cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting mechanism Naturally, reducing manufacturing cost, guarantee the stability of transmission；Meanwhile there is preferable integration, it is suitable for wheel hub use.

The self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output of the invention, including transmission case Body, wheel hub, driving motor and speed changer, the speed changer include the speed change system on main shaft and main shaft, the speed change system packet Include bottom gear transmission mechanism, reverse gear transmission and adaptive rate component；

Adaptive rate component includes active friction part, from dynamic friction piece and speed change elastic element；

The active friction part and frictional drive pair is formed in such a way that rubbing surface is mutually matched from dynamic friction piece；

Speed change elastic element applies the pretightning force for making to be bonded transmission with active friction part from dynamic friction piece, described from dynamic friction Part is cooperated by first axis cam pair and spindle drive, and the main shaft power output end, which is rotatably assorted, stretches out mission case simultaneously Output power to wheel hub；When the first axis cam adjutant power is exported by main shaft, applies and become to from dynamic friction piece The opposite axial thrust load of fast elastic element pretightning force；The driving power of the driving motor be input to one first freewheel clutch from And power is input to the active friction part；

It further include countershaft, the driving power also inputs countershaft；

The bottom gear transmission mechanism includes the second freewheel clutch, and the countershaft passes through the second freewheel clutch for low speed Gear power is transferred to from dynamic friction piece and is outputed power by main shaft；

The reverse gear mechanism is transferred to from dynamic friction piece with the power that can will reverse gear and is outputed power or disconnected by main shaft The mode of power of reversing gear is arranged；

There is the reverse gear mechanism power that will reverse gear to be transferred to transmission ratio I from dynamic friction piece, the bottom gear from countershaft Transmission mechanism, which has, is transferred to the transmission ratio II from dynamic friction piece from countershaft for bottom gear power, and transmission ratio I is more than or equal to transmission Than II；

The driving motor has hollow structure, described whole from dynamic friction piece, active friction part and speed change elastic element Or it is partially accommodated in the hollow structure.

Further, second freewheel clutch and reverse gear mechanism pass through second axial cam adjutant's power be transferred to from Dynamic friction piece.

Further, the second axial cam pair is by the cam sleeve with edge cam and the end having from dynamic friction piece Face cam cooperatively forms, and the cam sleeve, which is rotatably assorted, to be covered on main shaft, described to pass through first axis cam from dynamic friction piece Auxiliary driving engagement sleeves are on main shaft, and transmission cooperation is equipped with the power output member to output power on the main shaft.

The driving power of the driving motor is inputted by the outer ring of the first freewheel clutch, first freewheel clutch Inner ring and active friction part are sequentially connected；The driving power of the driving motor also inputs pair by the first freewheel clutch outer ring Axis.

Further, the bottom gear transmission mechanism further includes bottom gear driven gear and engages with bottom gear driven gear The outer ring transmission of bottom gear driving gear, second freewheel clutch is equipped with or is directly formed bottom gear driven tooth Wheel, the bottom gear driving gear transmission are equipped in countershaft；The reverse gear mechanism include reverse gear driving gear and with reverse gear The driven gear that reverses gear of driving gear engagement, the engageable or isolated mode of the driving gear that reverses gear are set to countershaft, reverse gear The inner ring of driven gear and second freewheel clutch and cam sleeve transmission cooperate and are set in rotation with main shaft；It is described Transmission ratio I is greater than transmission ratio II.

Further, the driving gear that reverses gear is set to countershaft in such a way that electromagnetism gearshift is engageable or separates, It is described to be used to switch power positive and negative rotation input simultaneously with electromagnetism gearshift.

Further, the electromagnetism gearshift includes active swing arm, shift shaft, selector fork and two electromagnetism shifts Device, described two electromagnetism selectors are used to drive active swing arm around the axis oscillating of shift shaft and drive shift shaft around described Axis of shifting gears rotates, and the shift shaft drives selector fork around the axis oscillating and to complete to shift gears.

Further, the electromagnetism gearshift is additionally provided with positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism includes being set to active swing arm Or it is set to the positioning pellet with the positioning element of the servo-actuated connection of active swing arm with pretightning force and is set to transmission case The positioning pedestal of body, in the positioning pedestal setting with the cooperation of positioning pellet and position and reverse gear mechanism engagement or can separate Corresponding location dimples；The electromagnetism gearshift be additionally provided with for detect gear shift whether position sensing component in place.

Further, the speed change elastic element is speed change disc spring, and the speed change disc spring is coated at main shaft and one end passes through Plane bearing is resisted from dynamic friction piece, and the other end resists a pretightning force and adjusts component, and the plane bearing is radially double small The plane rolling bearing of ball；It includes that adjusting ring and adjusting nut, the adjusting nut are located at case that the pretightning force, which adjusts component, Extracorporeal thread is equipped in main shaft, adjusts that ring both ends are respectively held against adjusting nut and speed change disc spring is axially slidable is coated at It main shaft and is rotatably assorted and is pierced by cabinet.

Further, it is equipped with intermediate driving gear with the transmission cooperation of the outer ring of first freewheel clutch, the countershaft passes The dynamic intermediate driven gear being equipped with intermediate driving gear transmission cooperation；

The intermediate driving gear is set in rotation with cam sleeve, second freewheel clutch by needle bearing Both ends extend the first end axle sleeve and second end axle sleeve for being respectively formed and being driven and cooperating and be coated at main shaft, first end axis to inner ring in the axial direction Set, which is rotatably assorted, is supported in mission case, and second end axle sleeve and cam sleeve are integrally formed and are rotatably assorted and be supported in speed changer Cabinet；

Outer ring axial direction one end of first freewheel clutch and intermediate driving gear transmission cooperate, and the other end is fixedly connected One support sleeve, the support sleeve, which is rotatably assorted, is supported in main shaft, and the main shaft power output end, which is pierced by and is rotatably assorted, to be supported in Mission case；It is described from dynamic friction piece, active friction part and speed change elastic element be located at the support sleeve and first surmount from In the inner space that clutch is collectively formed；The driving motor rotor transmission connection is in support sleeve or/and the first freewheel clutch Outer ring, the support sleeve and the first freewheel clutch are completely or partially contained in the hollow structure.

Further, the first end axle sleeve is rotatably assorted by the first rolling bearing is supported in mission case, second end Axle sleeve is rotatably assorted by the second rolling bearing and is supported in mission case, and second rolling bearing is located at reverse gear driven gear Between intermediate driving gear, matched between the intermediate driving gear and the second rolling bearing by the rotation of the first plane bearing It closes；The support sleeve is rotatably assorted by the 4th rolling bearing and is supported in main shaft；

The power output member is a driving sleeve, and driving sleeve transmission cooperation is coated at main shaft and stretches out mission case Shaft part, and outer circle forms the transmission wing ring for connecting transmission with wheel hub.

The power input reduction assemblies include primary speed-down gear set and double-reduction gear group, the primary speed-down tooth Wheel group includes primary speed-down driving gear and the primary speed-down driven gear engaged with primary speed-down driving gear, and the level-one subtracts Fast driven gear transmission is equipped in a deceleration jackshaft, and the double-reduction gear group includes matching with the transmission of deceleration jackshaft The double reduction driving gear of conjunction and the double reduction driven gear engaged with the main deceleration driving gear of second level, the second level Reduction driven gear is fixedly connected between the first freewheel clutch outer ring and the support sleeve.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the self-adapting automatic gear shift electricity that mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft of the invention exports Runner hub, all advantages with existing cam self-adapting automatic gear shifting device are turned round as can detecting driving according to running resistance Square-revolving speed and running resistance-speed signal make output power of motor and traveling state of vehicle be in best match shape always State realizes that vehicle traction torque and the balance of comprehensive running resistance control, adaptively accompanies in the case where not cutting off driving force Sail the automatic progress shift speed change of resistance variation；It can satisfy and used under mountain area, hills and heavy load conditions, make motor load change Gently, motor vehicles run smoothly, and improve safety；

Using the reasonable cooperation of two freewheel clutches, transmission ratio is rationally arranged in the structure that will reverse gear and low speed retaining device, makes It is simple and compact to obtain overall structure, reverse gear and bottom gear, fast gear are driven shared drive path, and do not interfere, and ensure that The overall performance of Adaptive Mechanical automatic transmission of the invention, adaptability is stronger, and mechanism matches with self-adapting automatic gear shift Close it is smooth naturally, reduce manufacturing cost, guarantee transmission stability, meanwhile, speed change clutch component as motor it is hollow in, it is whole Body integration is preferable, reduces axial dimension, uses more suitable for wheel hub.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Fig. 1 is axial section structural schematic diagram of the invention；

Fig. 2 is electromagnetism gear shifting structure schematic diagram；

The position Fig. 3 electromagnetism gear shifting structure cross-sectional view；

Fig. 4 is the present invention (whole axial sectional view) using friction plate structure；

Fig. 5 is the enlarged drawing of the friction plate structure part of Fig. 4.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is axial section structural schematic diagram of the invention, and Fig. 2 is electromagnetism gear shifting structure schematic diagram, the shift of the position Fig. 3 electromagnetism Structure sectional view, as shown in the figure: the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output of the invention, Including mission case 20, wheel hub, driving motor and speed changer, the speed changer includes the speed change system on main shaft 1 and main shaft 1 System, the speed change system includes bottom gear transmission mechanism, reverse gear transmission and adaptive rate component；As shown, driving Motor and speed changer are respectively positioned in transmission case body, are connected to vehicle frame by bottom fork structure when use, details are not described herein；

Adaptive rate component includes active friction part, from dynamic friction piece and speed change elastic element；The active friction part Frictional drive pair is formed in such a way that rubbing surface is mutually matched with from dynamic friction piece；

In the present embodiment, active friction part is torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18, is torus axial direction outer cone from dynamic friction piece Set 2；

Torus axial direction inner conical drogue and torus axial direction external conical sleeve form frictional drive in such a way that rubbing surface is mutually matched Pair, as shown in Figure 1, torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 is equipped with axial inner conical surface and is coated at torus axial direction external conical sleeve, torus Axial external conical sleeve 2 is equipped with the axial male cone (strobilus masculinus) matched with the axial inner conical surface of torus axial direction inner conical drogue, passes through mutual cooperation The conical surface formed be frictionally engaged transmission or separation, details are not described herein；

Certainly, frictional drive pair can also use friction plate structure as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, as shown in Figure 4, Figure 5, actively Friction member 18 ' and the first freewheel clutch inner ring are integrally formed or transmission cooperates, and active friction part 18 ' is equipped with active friction Piece group 18a ' is equipped with the driven friction disk group 2a ' that matches with active friction plate 18a ' from dynamic friction piece 2 ', fit structure with Existing friction plate clutch is similar, but the detachable setting of this structural friction piece, can need to dismount according to overall structure Increase or reduce, to guarantee axial dimension；

Speed change elastic element 19 applies the preload for making torus axial direction external conical sleeve be bonded transmission with torus axial direction inner conical drogue Power, the torus axial direction external conical sleeve are cooperated by first axis cam pair and the transmission of main shaft 1,1 power output end of main shaft It is rotatably assorted and stretches out mission case 20 and output power to wheel hub, first axis cam adjutant's power is defeated by main shaft When out, apply the axial thrust load opposite with speed change elastic element pretightning force to torus axial direction external conical sleeve；First axis cam pair 27 be mutually matched axial cam (including edge cam or spiral cam), when torus axial direction external conical sleeve rotates, the One axial cam pair 27 generates axial and two component of circumferencial direction, wherein circumferencial direction component output power, and axial thrust load is made For torus axial direction external conical sleeve and it is applied to speed change elastic element, that is to say, that the rotation direction and power of first axis cam pair Output rotation direction is related, and those skilled in the art according to the above records, under the premise of learning power output direction, can obtain Know that secondary 27 which kind of rotation direction of first axis cam can apply the axial thrust load in which kind of direction, details are not described herein；As shown, by Engagement sleeves are driven on main shaft 1 by first axis cam pair 27 in torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2, therefore, first axis cam Pair 27 be spiral cam, the first axis cam pair 27 by spiral cam and torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 on main shaft 1 spiral shell Rotation cam engagement is formed, and the spiral cam of spiral cam and torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 on main shaft 1 can be spiral prominence respectively Race, spiral prominence race are embedded with ball, reduce transmission loss and guarantee sensitivity, details are not described herein；The driving electricity The driving power of machine is input to one first freewheel clutch 4 to which power is input to the torus axial direction inner conical drogue, passes through Reasonable mechanical layout can be realized, and details are not described herein.

It further include countershaft, the driving power of the driving motor also inputs countershaft；

The bottom gear transmission mechanism includes the second freewheel clutch, and the countershaft passes through the second freewheel clutch for low speed Gear power is transferred to torus axial direction external conical sleeve；

The power that reverses gear can be transferred to torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 or disconnect the side for the power that reverses gear by the reverse gear mechanism Formula setting；It is generally configured using engaging gear structure, the transmission that can disconnect reverse gear mechanism and torus axial direction external conical sleeve can also To disconnect the transmission with countershaft 12, it is able to achieve goal of the invention；

The transmission ratio I that there is the reverse gear mechanism power that will reverse gear main shaft 1 is transferred to from countershaft 12, the bottom gear transmission Mechanism has the transmission ratio II that bottom gear power is transferred to main shaft 1 from countershaft 12, and transmission ratio I is more than or equal to transmission ratio II；Then In reverse gear, the second overdrive clutch, 6 surmount, and inner ring 6a (rotation direction and reverse gear identical) revolving speed is slower than outer ring 6b (low speed Keep off and reverse gear by countershaft input power), formation surmounts, and reverse gear mechanism is smoothly driven, and otherwise can lock；

The driving motor has hollow structure, and (then rotor is hollow structure, external rotor electric machine then stator to inner rotor motor For hollow structure), the torus axial direction external conical sleeve, torus axial direction inner conical drogue and speed change elastic element completely or partially accommodate It is compact-sized simple in the hollow structure, there is stronger integration.

In the present embodiment, second freewheel clutch 6 and reverse gear mechanism pass through the second axial cam pair 26 for power It is transferred to torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2；Since bottom gear transmission mechanism is different with reverse gear mechanism transmission direction, the second axis To the cam structure of the secondary preferably bidirectional output of cam.

In the present embodiment, the second axial cam pair 26 is by cam sleeve 16 and torus axial direction with edge cam The edge cam that external conical sleeve 2 has cooperatively forms, and the cam sleeve 16 and the second cam sleeve 16a are rotatably assorted and cover in main shaft On 1, the torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 is driven engagement sleeves on main shaft 1 by first axis cam pair 27, on the main shaft 1 Transmission cooperation is equipped with the power output member 11 to output power, outputs power to wheel hub 29 by the power output member 11.

Structure as shown in the figure, main shaft stretch out transmission cooperation on the shaft part of mission case and are equipped with power output member 11, move Power output 11 is a driving sleeve, and driving sleeve outer circle forms the transmission wing ring for connecting transmission with wheel hub, for installing And drive hub, and pass through power output member (axle sleeve) supporting wheel hub and be driven；The end that main shaft extends driving sleeve is equipped with Rolling bearing 25, for (including left and right chain stay not to indicate in figure, which installs the right side with rotational support installation chain stay Chain stay), details are not described herein.

The driving power of the driving motor is inputted by the outer ring 4b of the first freewheel clutch 4, as shown, driving motor Rotor reduction assemblies are inputted by power power will be driven to be transferred to outer ring 4b, form power input transmission；It is described the first to surpass The more inner ring 4a of clutch 4 and torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 are sequentially connected；The driving power of the driving motor passes through first Freewheel clutch outer ring also inputs countershaft 12, that is, the driving power of driving motor divides two-way to input, and inputs the side of countershaft 12 Existing any mechanical transmission structure, such as gear, chain, even direct-connected transmission etc. can be used in formula, and details are not described herein.

In the present embodiment, the bottom gear transmission mechanism further includes bottom gear driven gear and nibbles with bottom gear driven gear The outer ring 6b transmission of the bottom gear driving gear 7 of conjunction, second freewheel clutch 6 is equipped with or is directly formed bottom gear Driven gear, the transmission of bottom gear driving gear 7 are equipped in countershaft 12；The reverse gear mechanism includes the driving gear that reverses gear 9 and the driven gear 8 that reverses gear that is engaged with the driving gear 9 that reverses gear, the driving gear 9 that reverses gear engageable (transmission) or separation (turn It is dynamic) mode be set to countershaft, the inner ring 6a and cam sleeve 16 of reverse gear driven gear 8 and second freewheel clutch 6 are passed It is dynamic to cooperate and be set in rotation with main shaft 1,16 one of the inner ring 6a of the second freewheel clutch 6 and cam sleeve in the present embodiment Molding；As shown, the driving gear 9 that reverses gear is rotatably assorted, (needle bearing) is set to countershaft 12, by that slidably and can be driven The engaging member being set on countershaft be formed in the engagement or isolated cooperation of countershaft, belong to conventional connected structure, herein not It repeats again；The transmission ratio I is greater than transmission ratio II, to guarantee the smoothness of transmission, avoids the occurrence of locked.

In the present embodiment, the driving gear 9 that reverses gear is arranged in such a way that electromagnetism gearshift 10 is engageable or separates It is described to be used to switch power positive and negative rotation input simultaneously with electromagnetism gearshift in countershaft 12, it is changed into electromagnetism gearshift During reversing gear, signal is sent directly to electric machine control system and (certainly, needs to be arranged the sensor of acquisition signal, such as suddenly Your element etc., reverse gear shift or be detached from of acquisition electromagnetism gearshift completion are reversed gear, and details are not described herein), motor reversal is controlled, The second freewheel clutch surmounts at this time, and the driving gear that reverses gear is engaged with countershaft, and realization is reversed gear, using general signal acquisition mechanism Or switch can be realized.

In the present embodiment, the electromagnetism gearshift includes active swing arm 104, shift shaft 105,106 and of selector fork Two electromagnetism selectors (electromagnetism selector 101 and electromagnetism selector 102), described two electromagnetism selectors are actively put for driving Arm is rotated around the axis oscillating and drive shift shaft of shift shaft around the shift axis, and the shift shaft drives shift to dial Fork is around the axis oscillating and completes to shift gears, and is attracted or powers off relieving by energization electromagnetism, details are not described herein；As shown, In the present embodiment, electromagnetism selector 101,102 is set side by side, and is respectively used to the both ends of driving (or release) active swing arm, is made Active swing arm 104 can be swung around a center line, and the shifting shaft coincides with that the center line is servo-actuated to be connected to active swing arm with axis 104 driving active swing arms are rotated around the axis oscillating and drive shift shaft of shift shaft around the axis, the shift shaft 105 drive selector forks 106 are around the axis oscillating and connector (synchronizer) 17 is driven to complete shift, connector (synchronizer) Shift belongs to the prior art, and details are not described herein；Certainly, two electromagnetism selectors (electromagnetism selector 101 and electromagnetism selectors 102) it can be opposed structure, reciprocally swinging driving carried out to active swing arm from two sides, goal of the invention equally can be achieved, herein not It repeats again；Electromagnetism selector is the structure with reciprocating push rod, after reciprocating push rod is released and pushes active swing arm swing when energization Return immediately, return generally use return spring structure, and details are not described herein.

In the present embodiment, the electromagnetism gearshift is additionally provided with positioning mechanism 103, and the positioning mechanism 103 includes setting In active swing arm or it is set to the positioning pellet 103b with pretightning force with the positioning element 107 of the servo-actuated connection of active swing arm It is arranged and can cooperates with positioning pellet 103b with is set on the positioning pedestal 103c, the positioning pedestal 103c of mission case And position engages or separates corresponding location dimples with reverse gear mechanism；As shown, positioning pellet is set in the present embodiment The positioning element 107, positioning element 107 are equipped with the location hole 103a of setting positioning pellet 103b, and positioning hole setting is useful In to positioning pellet 103b apply outward with the retaining spring 103d of the pretightning force of location dimples location fit；During the swing It positions pellet to slide on positioning pedestal surface, pellet is positioned when sliding at location dimples and enters pit under pretightning force effect Positioning is formed, certainly, pit is smooth structure, and pellet is positioned under certain thrust can remove pit, completes subsequent shift journey Sequence；The electromagnetism gearshift be additionally provided with for detect gear shift whether position sensing component in place, sensory package is general Using Hall element and magnet steel corresponding with Hall element.

In the present embodiment, the speed change elastic element be speed change disc spring 19, the speed change disc spring 19 be coated at main shaft 1 and One end resists torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 by plane bearing 28, and the other end resists a pretightning force and adjusts component (knot shown in Fig. 4 Structure, structure shown in Fig. 1 are the structure without adjusting component using pretightning force), as shown in figure 4, the speed change disc spring 19 is coated at Main shaft 1 and one end pass through plane bearing 28 and resist torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2, and the plane bearing 28 is radially double small The plane rolling bearing of ball, the use that small ball refers to ball identical compared with bearing capacity in the prior art are small；Using double rolling Pearl can reduce the parameter of ball under conditions of plane bearing carries same load, have stability of rotation, same load revolving speed Feature high, bearing capacity is strong, and axially mounted size can be reduced；It includes adjusting ring 32 and adjusting that the pretightning force, which adjusts component, Save nut 33, the adjusting nut 33, which is threadedly engaged, is set to main shaft 1, adjust ring 32 it is axially slidable be coated at main shaft 1 and Both ends are respectively held against adjusting nut 33 and speed change disc spring；Ring is adjusted in this structure to be pierced by mission case adjusting nut is located at Outside cabinet, the adjusting of final disc spring pretightning force can be realized by external adjusting nut, it is simple and practical in structure, it is easy to adjust；When So, the structure that pretightning force shown in Fig. 4 adjusts component can be used for embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and details are not described herein.

In the present embodiment, the outer ring 4b transmission cooperation with first freewheel clutch 4 is equipped with intermediate driving gear 15, such as Shown in figure, intermediate driving gear 15 forms the Step Shaft of necking down, and the outer ring 4b necking down of the first freewheel clutch 4 forms Step Shaft Set, step axle sleeve is coated at the Step Shaft and forms transmission cooperation, and has radial restriction ability, guarantees to form transmission and have There is certain support effect；The countershaft 12 is driven the intermediate driven tooth being equipped with the intermediate transmission of driving gear 15 cooperation Wheel 14；

The intermediate driving gear 15 is set in rotation with cam sleeve 16 by needle bearing 5, and described second surmounts Both ends extend the first end axle sleeve (left end in figure) for being respectively formed and being driven and cooperating and be coated at main shaft 1 to 6 inner ring 6a of clutch in the axial direction With second end axle sleeve (right end in figure), first end axle sleeve, which is rotatably assorted, is supported in mission case 20, second end axle sleeve and cam Axle sleeve 16, which is integrally formed and is rotatably assorted, is supported in mission case 20；

Outer ring 4b axial direction one end of first freewheel clutch 4 and the intermediate transmission of driving gear 15 cooperate, and the other end is solid Surely it is connected with a support sleeve 3, the support sleeve 3, which is rotatably assorted, is supported in main shaft 1, and 1 power output end of main shaft passes through simultaneously It is rotatably assorted and is supported in mission case 20, the torus axial direction external conical sleeve, torus axial direction inner conical drogue and speed change elasticity member Part is located in the inner space that the support sleeve and the first freewheel clutch are collectively formed；The driving motor rotor transmission connection In support sleeve or/and the first freewheel clutch outer ring, and the driving motor has a hollow structure, the support sleeve and the first surpasses More clutch is completely or partially contained in the hollow structure；As shown, when driving motor is external rotor electric as shown in Figure 1 When machine, including stator 31 and outer rotor 30 are sequentially connected by gear frame in support sleeve, and drive mechanism is formed, and stator is hollow knot Structure；When driving motor is inner rotor motor, then rotor is hollow structure, and solid with the first freewheel clutch outer ring and support sleeve Fixed connection, the torus axial direction external conical sleeve, torus axial direction inner conical drogue and speed change elastic element be located at sleeve rotor structure (or Person is located in the inner space that support sleeve, rotor and the first freewheel clutch are collectively formed) in；In this structure, the rotor of motor Or stator is arranged to hollow structure, and the section components for installing speed changer, so that the structure of motor and speed changer carries out deeply Degree optimization, formed partly or completely contain and height it is integrated, cooperate it is smooth naturally, and operation interference does not occur, guarantee Motor efficiency operation under full working scope and comprehensive road condition；Meanwhile it is whole by mission case and master using rotor loading The structure of axis support, passes to cabinet for additional bending moment caused by torque, can transmit biggish torque and will not occur curved Song deformation, can greatly reduce the scantling under same bearer ability condition, adapt to the hollow structure of rotor；It realizes Large torque, high revolving speed and lightweight index, also making speed changer at high speeds has preferable stationarity and low noise； The structure ensure that the integrally-built compactedness of speed changer itself, conducive to the lightweight arrangement for realizing speed changer entirety, for height The use of speed motor creates condition；As shown, in the present embodiment, the rotor hollow structure be axially through hollow knot Structure.

The corresponding rotation in power output input segment in the present embodiment above structure, on main shaft or/and cam sleeve It is supported in mission case, in the structure, cam sleeve is coated at main shaft, the structure for forming transmission and supporting mutually, Neng Gouchuan It passs biggish torque and will not occur bending and deformation, the scantling under same bearer ability condition can be greatly reduced；For each A transmission carrying (power handover outputs and inputs segment) component, is respectively supported at mission case, so that main shaft and transmission Axle sleeve longer can be arranged, and additional bending moment caused by torque is passed to mission case as having support, So that itself transmitting high torque, and the revolving speed (identical components size) being greatly improved under large torque, realize large torque, The mutual support of high revolving speed and lightweight index, transverse bearing and axle sleeve and main shaft, also makes speed changer at high speeds With preferable stationarity and low noise, compared with the existing technology, for driving motor and the maximum speed of high deceleration device >=15000 revs/min, for efficient lightweight wheel hub Electric Motor Wheel iso-variable velocity, mechanism has great advantages energy conservation and environmental protection, more It adapts to use in energy conservation and environmental protection for main syllabus target pure electric vehicle, certainly, the present invention is not only applicable to electric automobiles, and And it is suitable for other change torque machinery transmission fields.

In the present embodiment, the first end axle sleeve is rotatably assorted by the first rolling bearing 22 and is supported in mission case 20, second end axle sleeve is rotatably assorted by the second rolling bearing 21 and is supported in mission case 20 and (is generally supported in shape in cabinet At bearing block on), second rolling bearing 21 is located between reverse gear driven gear 8 and intermediate driving gear 15, it is described in Between be rotatably assorted between driving gear 15 and the second rolling bearing 21 by the first plane bearing 13 (plane rolling bearing)；It is described 1 power output end of main shaft, which passes through and passes through third rolling bearing 24 and be rotatably assorted, is supported in mission case 20, the support sleeve It is rotatably assorted by the 4th rolling bearing 23 and is supported in main shaft 1；If adjusted using gearshift adjustment component (as shown in Figure 4) Ring is coated at main shaft and main shaft is cooperated by adjusting ring and third rolling bearing and the 4th rolling bearing, and details are not described herein.

In the present invention, the left and right of attached drawing is subject in documented left and right, and documented transmission connection includes the prior art In all transmission connecting structure, including spline, flat key, bolt be fixedly connected etc., and details are not described herein.

Above embodiments are optimum structure of the invention, are not limiting the scope of the present invention；In connection side The scheme adjusted in formula, the realization without influencing this hair goal of the invention.

The fast gear power transmission line of the present embodiment:

Power → torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 → torus axial direction 2 → first axis of external conical sleeve cam pair → main shaft 1 → 11 → wheel hub of power output member, 29 output power；

The second freewheel clutch surmounts at this time, and resistance transfer route: 29 → power output member of wheel hub, 11 → main shaft 1 → the One axial cam pair → torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 → speed change disc spring；Power output member 11 is by first axis cam pair to circle Ring body axial direction external conical sleeve 2 applies axial force and compresses speed change disc spring, and when running resistance is increased to a timing, which overcomes change Fast disc spring separates torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 and torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2, and power is transmitted by following routes, i.e., low Speed gear power transmission line:

Power → first freewheel clutch 4 outer ring 4b → 12 → bottom gear of countershaft driving gear → second freewheel clutch The axial cam of inner ring 6a → second pair of 6 freewheel clutch of outer ring 6b → second → torus axial direction 2 → first axle of external conical sleeve To cam pair → main shaft → 11 → wheel hub of power output member, 29 output power.

Bottom gear power transmission line also passes through following route: the second axial cam pair → torus axial direction external conical sleeve simultaneously 2 → compression speed change disc spring prevents occurring compression speed change disc spring reciprocating compression in bottom gear transmission process, to prevent bottom gear from passing Torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 and torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 are bonded when dynamic.

There is above-mentioned transfer route to can be seen that the present invention at runtime, torus axial direction inner conical drogue 18 and torus are axial External conical sleeve 8 fits closely under the effect of speed change disc spring, forms the automatic transmission of a holding certain pressure, and can lead to The axial width of increase speed change axle sleeve is crossed to adjust pressure needed for clutch engagement, reaches transmission purpose, at this point, power drives circle Ring body axial direction inner conical drogue 18, torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2, main shaft 1, make 1 output power of main shaft；At this time at the second freewheel clutch In surmounting state.

Resistance is greater than driving force when motor vehicle starting, and resistance forces cam sleeve to turn an angle round about, Under the action of first axis cam pair, torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 compresses speed change disc spring；Torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 and annulus Body axial direction inner conical drogue 18 separates, synchronous, and the engagement of the second freewheel clutch, output power is with the rotation of bottom gear speed；Therefore, automatically Bottom gear starting is realized, the starting time is shortened, reduces starting power.At the same time, speed change disc spring absorbs resistance of motion square Energy transmits the standby potential energy of power storage to restore fast gear gear.

After starting successfully, running resistance is reduced, when pressure caused by component is reduced to less than speed change disc spring, because being transported Dynamic resistance is compressed and generates speed change disc spring pressure and discharge rapidly under promotion, completes torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 and torus is axial The recovery of inner conical drogue 18 fits closely state, and bottom gear freewheel clutch, which is in, surmounts state.

In driving process, as the variation self shifter principle of the resistance of motion is same as above, in the feelings for not needing cutting driving force Variable block is realized under condition, keeps entire locomotive operation steady, safe and low consumption, and also transfer route is simplified, and transmission efficiency is improved.

Reverse gear route:

Power → first freewheel clutch 4 outer ring 4b → countershaft 12 → driving gear that reverses gear → driven gear → the of reversing gear Two axial cam pair 26 → torus axial direction external conical sleeve 2 → first axis cam pair 27 → main shaft, 1 → transmission shaft power output members 11 → wheel hub 29 exports the power that reverses gear.

At this point, due to the transmission ratio that reverses gear be greater than bottom gear transmission ratio and be it is reversed, then the second freewheel clutch surmounts, by It is faster than inner ring in rotating reversed and outer ring revolving speed, the first freewheel clutch surmounts, and realizes reverse gear；Certainly, bottom gear is driven It is decreasing transmission with reverse gear, details are not described herein.

Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, should all be covered at this In the scope of the claims of invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output, it is characterised in that: including becoming Fast device cabinet, wheel hub, driving motor and speed changer, the speed changer include the speed change system on main shaft and main shaft, the speed change System includes bottom gear transmission mechanism, reverse gear transmission and adaptive rate component；

Adaptive rate component includes active friction part, from dynamic friction piece and speed change elastic element；

The active friction part and frictional drive pair is formed in such a way that rubbing surface is mutually matched from dynamic friction piece；

Speed change elastic element applies the pretightning force for making to be bonded transmission with active friction part from dynamic friction piece, described logical from dynamic friction piece It crosses first axis cam pair and spindle drive cooperates, the main shaft power output end, which is rotatably assorted, to be stretched out mission case and will move Power is exported to wheel hub；When the first axis cam adjutant power is exported by main shaft, apply and speed change bullet to from dynamic friction piece The property opposite axial thrust load of element pretightning force；The driving power of the driving motor is input to one first freewheel clutch thus will Power is input to the active friction part；

It further include countershaft, the driving power also inputs countershaft；

The bottom gear transmission mechanism includes the second freewheel clutch, and the countershaft is moved bottom gear by the second freewheel clutch Power is transferred to from dynamic friction piece and is outputed power by main shaft；

The reverse gear mechanism is transferred to from dynamic friction piece with the power that can will reverse gear and is outputed power or disconnected by main shaft and reversed gear The mode of power is arranged；

There is the reverse gear mechanism power that will reverse gear to be transferred to transmission ratio I from dynamic friction piece, the bottom gear transmission from countershaft Mechanism, which has, is transferred to the transmission ratio II from dynamic friction piece from countershaft for bottom gear power, and transmission ratio I is more than or equal to transmission ratio II；

The driving motor has hollow structure, described from dynamic friction piece, active friction part and speed change elastic element whole or portion Partial volume is contained in the hollow structure.

2. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 1, Be characterized in that: second freewheel clutch and reverse gear mechanism pass through second axial cam adjutant's power and are transferred to from dynamic friction Part.

3. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 2, Be characterized in that: the second axial cam pair is by the cam sleeve with edge cam and the edge cam having from dynamic friction piece It cooperatively forms, the cam sleeve, which is rotatably assorted, to be covered on main shaft, described to pass through the auxiliary driving of first axis cam from dynamic friction piece Engagement sleeves are on main shaft, and transmission cooperation is equipped with the power output member to output power on the main shaft.

The driving power of the driving motor is inputted by the outer ring of the first freewheel clutch, the inner ring of first freewheel clutch It is sequentially connected with active friction part；The driving power of the driving motor also inputs countershaft by the first freewheel clutch outer ring.

4. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 3, Be characterized in that: the bottom gear transmission mechanism further includes bottom gear driven gear and the bottom gear that engages with bottom gear driven gear The outer ring transmission of driving gear, second freewheel clutch is equipped with or is directly formed bottom gear driven gear, described The transmission of bottom gear driving gear is equipped in countershaft；The reverse gear mechanism include reverse gear driving gear and with the driving gear that reverses gear The driven gear that reverses gear of engagement, the engageable or isolated mode of the driving gear that reverses gear are set to countershaft, and reverse gear driven gear Inner ring and cam sleeve transmission with second freewheel clutch cooperates and is set in rotation with main shaft；The transmission ratio I Greater than transmission ratio II.

5. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 4, Be characterized in that: the driving gear that reverses gear is set to countershaft in such a way that electromagnetism gearshift is engageable or separation, it is described with Electromagnetism gearshift is used to switch power positive and negative rotation input simultaneously.

6. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 5, Be characterized in that: the electromagnetism gearshift includes active swing arm, shift shaft, selector fork and two electromagnetism selectors, described Two electromagnetism selectors are used to drive active swing arm around the axis oscillating of shift shaft and drive shift shaft around the shifting shaft Line rotation, the shift shaft drive selector fork around the axis oscillating and to complete to shift gears.

7. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 6, Be characterized in that: the electromagnetism gearshift is additionally provided with positioning mechanism, and the positioning mechanism includes being set to active swing arm or setting It is placed in the positioning pellet with the positioning element of the servo-actuated connection of active swing arm with pretightning force and is set to determining for mission case Position pedestal, in the positioning pedestal setting with can and the cooperation of positioning pellet and position and reverse gear mechanism engagement or separate corresponding Location dimples；The electromagnetism gearshift be additionally provided with for detect gear shift whether position sensing component in place.

8. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 1, Be characterized in that: the speed change elastic element is speed change disc spring, and the speed change disc spring is coated at main shaft and one end passes through plane axis It holds and resists from dynamic friction piece, the other end resists a pretightning force and adjusts component, and the plane bearing is radially double small ball Plane rolling bearing；It includes adjusting ring and adjusting nut that the pretightning force, which adjusts component, and the adjusting nut is located at the outer spiral shell of cabinet Line is equipped in main shaft, adjust ring both ends be respectively held against adjusting nut and speed change disc spring it is axially slidable be coated at main shaft and It is rotatably assorted and is pierced by cabinet.

9. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 2, Be characterized in that: the outer ring transmission cooperation with first freewheel clutch is equipped with intermediate driving gear, the countershaft gearing cooperation It is provided with the intermediate driven gear with intermediate driving gear transmission cooperation；

The intermediate driving gear is set in rotation with cam sleeve, the second freewheel clutch inner ring by needle bearing Both ends, which extend, in the axial direction is respectively formed first end axle sleeve and second end axle sleeve that transmission cooperation is coated at main shaft, and first end axle sleeve turns Dynamic cooperation is supported in mission case, and second end axle sleeve and cam sleeve, which are integrally formed and are rotatably assorted, is supported in transmission case Body；

Outer ring axial direction one end of first freewheel clutch and intermediate driving gear transmission cooperate, and the other end is fixedly connected with one Support set, the support sleeve, which is rotatably assorted, is supported in main shaft, and the main shaft power output end, which is pierced by and is rotatably assorted, is supported in speed change Device cabinet；It is described to be located at the support sleeve and the first freewheel clutch from dynamic friction piece, active friction part and speed change elastic element In the inner space being collectively formed；The driving motor rotor is sequentially connected in support sleeve or/and the first freewheel clutch outer ring, The support sleeve and the first freewheel clutch are completely or partially contained in the hollow structure.

10. the self-adapting automatic gear shift electric wheel hub of mechanical double overdrive clutch main shaft output according to claim 2, Be characterized in that: the first end axle sleeve is rotatably assorted by the first rolling bearing is supported in mission case, and second end axle sleeve is logical It crosses the second rolling bearing and is rotatably assorted and be supported in mission case, second rolling bearing is located at reverse gear driven gear and centre Between driving gear, it is rotatably assorted between the intermediate driving gear and the second rolling bearing by the first plane bearing；It is described Support sleeve is rotatably assorted by the 4th rolling bearing and is supported in main shaft；

The power output member is a driving sleeve, and driving sleeve transmission cooperation is coated at the axis that main shaft stretches out mission case Section, and outer circle forms the transmission wing ring for connecting transmission with wheel hub.