CN109909566A - Low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and method - Google Patents
Low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and methods, belong to technical field of electrolysis processing.The cathod system is mainly made of cathode sheets, cathode, jacket, insulation sleeve and refrigerant chamber set.In the jacking electrochemical machining method, workpiece is gradually inserted in insulation sleeve, and refrigerant is delivered into the refrigerant chamber set around the machined position of workpiece, and the topical hypothermia region of gradient distribution is formed around the machined position of workpiece.The present invention advantageously reduces the conductivity of spuious electrolyte, reduces the dispersion corrosion in the machined region of workpiece, improves component shaping precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electrolysis processing more particularly to a kind of low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and
Method.
Background technique
As the requirement in defense military, aviation and aerospace industry to material property is higher and higher, titanium alloy and high temperature are closed
The difficult-to-machine materials such as gold are wherein using more and more extensive.Traditional machining process is in difficult-to-machine material, and there are knives
Has the problems such as easy to wear, processing efficiency is low, and suface processing quality is poor, and processing cost is high.Compared with tradition machinery processing, electrolysis adds
Work process is simple, it is high in machining efficiency, without advantages such as tool wear, without residual stress, in difficult-to-machine material manufacturing process
It is widely applied.Jacking Electrolyzed Processing is as efficient Electrolyzed Processing mode a kind of in Electrolyzed Processing, especially in equal straight grains
Important application is played in workpiece shaping.But in jacking Electrolyzed Processing, dispersion corrosion generates very very much not the surface quality of workpiece
Good influence, because of the presence of spuious electrolyte, stray electrical current can continue machined workpiece portion to cause dispersion corrosion, workpiece
By non-uniform corrosion, surface processing capacity is inconsistent and generates taper, and surface quality seriously reduces.
Although Electrolyzed Processing has many advantages, such as in the forming of difficult-to-machine material, generally deposited during component shaping
In dispersion corrosion problem, due to there are electric field and electrolyte, causing some on workpiece be not required between workpiece anode and tool cathode
It is caused under accumulated time effect in process non-under the action of spuious electrolyte and stray electrical current at processed position
The dispersion corrosion of working position, influences workpiece surface quality.Patent " gas-insulated protect jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and
Processing method " (201710463442.3 applicant Nanjing Aero-Space University of application number, inventor Zhu Dong Liu Hu Xingyan
Good Xu Zhengyang) in, it discloses a kind of miscellaneous to shield in workpiece machined surface one layer of gas-insulated layer of formation using high pressure gas
Dissipate electrolyte reduce dispersion corrosion method, but due to the pressure of electrolyte streamwise is gradually reduced and above electrolyte
Gas pressure is identical along electrolyte flow directional spreding, and liquid-gas interface distribution is inconsistent, and gas pressure is not easily controlled.Special
Sharp " insulation shielding jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system and processing method " (201710202429.2 applicant Nanjing of application number
Aerospace university, inventor Zhu Dong Hu Xingyan Zhu Di) in, it discloses and a kind of uses insulating particle in the form of particle membrane
Be wrapped in the machined part of the surface of workpiece shield stray electrical current reduce dispersion corrosion method, but the size of insulating particle by
Side clearance influences, and is more suitable for processing big channel workpiece.In patent, " frost based on low temperature environment assists micro hole machining method
And device " (201510212740 .6 applicant Nanjing Aero-Space University of application number, inventor Zhu Di man of virtue and ability Xu Zhengyang
Xing Junding flies) one kind is disclosed by spraying low temperature liquid nitrogen to workpiece back, protection improvement micro hole machining is freezed using auxiliary
The guard method of precision and quality, this method can play holding processing stabilization by forming frost structure in back of work, change
Kind micro hole exit processing quality effect, but micropore taper and the improvement of remaining position forming accuracy are unobvious.
Jacking electrochemical machining process, keeps the gap of very little between workpiece anode and tool cathode, and is connected respectively with power supply,
The current density in the processing gap between workpiece anode and cathode is very high, and by joule heat effect, electrolyte temperature increases along process,
Corresponding conductivity is also gradually increased along process.
Electrolytic conductivity influences the dispersion corrosion size in the non-processing area of workpiece, and is influenced in processing district by processing gap
The forming accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing；
Existing various jacking electrochemical machining methods still cannot preferably solve the problems, such as the machined type face of workpiece dispersion corrosion and
The problem of electrolyte is along Cheng Wensheng reduces taper so needing a kind of dispersion corrosion that can reduce machined region, stablizes electricity
Liquid is solved along Cheng Wendu, improves the jacking electrolytic machining device and method of component shaping precision.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is for spuious corruption caused by spuious electrolyte involved in background technique
Electrolyte caused by erosion problem and processing heat production along journey problem of temperature rise, provide a kind of jacking electrolysis based on low temperature environment protection plus
Work cathod system and method reduce the dispersion corrosion in jacking Electrolyzed Processing, reduce workpiece taper, stablize electrolyte along Cheng Wen
Degree improves component shaping precision.
A kind of low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system, including cathode, cathode bosom has to be passed through up and down
Logical cathode cavity；Cathode sheets are installed below above-mentioned cathode, are machined with cathode sword slot among cathode sheets；It is characterized by:
Insulation sleeve, refrigerant chamber set, jacket are successively installed from inside to outside in above-mentioned cathode cavity；Insulation sleeve, refrigerant chamber set, absolutely
Hot jacket is the structure type of upper end closed lower ending opening；Refrigerant chamber set is internal to have a refrigerant storage tank, refrigerant storage tank from
Top to bottm reduces form in ladder；Refrigerant chamber set one upper lateral part of outer wall is provided with refrigerant inlet, under the opposite outer walls other side
Portion is provided with refrigerant outlet；The cathod system further includes refrigerant inlet tube and refrigerant outlet tube；Refrigerant inlet tube according to
Secondary to dock across cathode, jacket with refrigerant inlet, refrigerant outlet tube sequentially passes through cathode, jacket and refrigerant
Outlet docking.
The processing method of the jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system of the low temperature environment, it is characterised in that: in jacking electricity
It solves in processing method, the type of flow of electrolyte is lateral flow type, i.e., electrolyte is flowed by the inlet of workpiece one end, flows through cathode
Behind processing gap between piece and workpiece, flowed out by the liquid outlet of the workpiece other end；Cathod system is fed to workpiece, and workpiece has added
Gradually it is inserted in the topical hypothermia protection zone in the wrapped up insulation sleeve of refrigerant chamber set in drum face；Refrigerant is from refrigerant chamber set
Inlet tube flows into, and by refrigerant storage tank from refrigerant chamber set outlet tube outflow, refrigerant constantly absorbs work in flow process
Heat around part is machined maintains the low temperature environment around the machined region of workpiece, controls electrolyte along Cheng Wensheng；Refrigerant
Flowing with the flow direction of electrolyte be opposite；Refrigerant storage tank body size, ladder reduces from top to bottom, and from inlet opening
It is gradually reduced to fluid hole, so that the electrolyte temperature around workpiece is from top to bottom, from inlet opening to fluid hole distribution gradient.
Beneficial effect
1. the taper that the present invention can reduce the machined type face of workpiece caused by dispersion corrosion.In jacking electrochemical machining process, workpiece
There is side clearance always between machined type face and cathode sword slot, with certain pressure electrolyte flow through the side clearance into
Enter in insulated cavity, is wrapped in around the machined type face of workpiece and forms spuious electrolyte, in conjunction with miscellaneous between workpiece and cathode electric conductor
The effect of electric field is dissipated, the machined type face of workpiece generates dispersion corrosion and forms taper, and the conductivity of electrolyte is higher, dispersion corrosion
Effect is more obvious, and workpiece taper is bigger；The refrigerant being looped around around the machined type face of workpiece locally reduces spuious electrolyte temperature
Degree, the conductivity decline of spuious electrolyte, stray electric field diffusion weaken, and dispersion corrosion is suppressed, and workpiece taper obtains
It improves.
2. the present invention helps to improve component shaping precision.In electrochemical machining process, adding between workpiece anode and cathode
The current density of break gap is very high, and by joule heat effect, electrolyte temperature increases along process, corresponding conductivity also along process by
It is cumulative big.From the inlet to the outlet, temperature gradually rises electrolyte, and especially when high current density is processed, electrolyte fever causes
The increase of processing gap is gradually changed along process, and workpiece is uneven along journey corrosion, and Electrolyzed Processing forming accuracy reduces；Process gap week
The refrigerant enclosed can inhibit electrolyte along Cheng Wensheng, and electrolyte is more uniform along journey thermo parameters method, and workpiece corrodes more equal along journey
Even, forming accuracy improves.
The low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned jacket is by insulation cylinder and absolutely
Hot ring flat-plate composition；It is insulated cylinder to be located above insulation ring flat-plate, insulation ring flat-plate upper end has the borderline structure extended inwardly；Adiabatic ring
The borderline structure of plate upper end and the edge mechanism of insulation sleeve lower end, which cooperate, to be positioned；Above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set be embedded in insulation cylinder, absolutely
Between hot ring flat-plate and insulation sleeve.Insulation sleeve can further weaken the influence of stray electric field, and insulation cylinder and insulation ring flat-plate can be reduced not
Necessary heat exchange loss.
The low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system, it is characterised in that: the jacket, refrigerant feed liquor
Pipe, refrigerant outlet tube are heat-insulating material；Above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set is thermal conductive metallic material.Refrigerant inlet tube and refrigerant go out
Liquid pipe is the refrigeration effect that refrigerant can be improved in heat-insulating material.
The low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set is by canister portion knot
Structure and covering plate structure composition.Refrigerant chamber set is respectively prepared by canister portion and cover board, is conducive to the convenience and economy of part processing
Property.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is refrigerant mode of movement and electrolyte flow schematic diagram in cathode assembly of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is side refrigerant mode of movement and electrolyte flow schematic diagram in cathode assembly of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of refrigerant storage tank；
Figure label title: 1- workpiece, 2- cathode sheets, 3- insulated cavity, 4- cathode, 5- refrigerant inlet tube, 6- jacket, 6-
1-insulation cylinder, 6-2 insulation ring flat-plate, 7- refrigerant chamber set, 7-1 refrigerant chamber set cover board, 7-2 refrigerant storage tank, 7-3 refrigeration
Agent import, 7-4 refrigerant outlet, 8- refrigerant outlet tube, 9- electrolyte entrance, 10- electrolyte outlet.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, implement a kind of low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system of the present invention, which is characterized in that
Including cathode sheets 2, insulation sleeve 3, cathode 4, refrigerant inlet tube 5, jacket 6, insulation cylinder 6-1, insulation ring flat-plate 6-2, refrigeration
Agent chamber set 7, refrigerant chamber set cover board 7-1, refrigerant storage tank 7-2, refrigerant inlet 7-3, refrigerant outlet 7-4 and refrigerant go out
Liquid pipe 8；Electrolyte entrance 9；Electrolyte outlet 10；
The cathode 4, bosom position process the cavity of a perforation, and there are hole and middle cavity phase in the left and right sides respectively
Logical, threaded hole is arranged at bottom；
The insulation sleeve 3, bottom surface is in contact with cathode sheets upper surface, and outer surface covers 7 inner surfaces with refrigerant chamber and contacts, by exhausted
Card slot positioning on the inside of hot ring flat-plate 6-2, and integrally it is embedded into 7 inside of refrigerant chamber set；
The cathode sheets 2, centre is machined with the cathode sword slot slightly larger than 1 profile of workpiece, and passes through threaded hole and 4 bottom surface of cathode
Connection；
The insulation ring flat-plate 6-2, inside are machined with card slot, and outer dimension is identical as 4 middle cavity of cathode, are embedded in cathode 4
In cavity, bottom surface is in contact with 2 upper surface of cathode sheets；
The insulation cylinder 6-1, the left and right sides is machined with respectively with 4 two sides of cathode into and out of the corresponding tapped through hole of fluid apertures, embedding
Enter into 4 Through-cavity of cathode, bottom surface is in contact with insulation ring flat-plate 6-2；
The refrigerant chamber set 7, two sides have refrigerant inlet 7-3 corresponding with insulation cylinder 6-1 and refrigerant outlet
7-4, centre are machined with refrigerant storage tank 7-2, and ladder reduces storage tank from top to bottom, from refrigerant inlet 7-3 to refrigerant outlet
7-4 is gradually reduced, and is embedded into the insulation inner cavity cylinder 6-1；
The refrigerant chamber covers cover board 7-1, is welded to refrigerant chamber after processing is completed and covers 7 upper ends, is used for closed refrigerant storage tank
7-2；
The refrigerant inlet tube 5, refrigerant outlet tube 8, centre are machined with feed pathway, and one end is machined with external screw thread, and divides
It is not connected by 4 two side holes of cathode with the threaded hole on insulation cylinder 6-1；
The refrigerant inlet tube 5, refrigerant outlet tube 8 and insulation 6 are heat-insulating material, reduce the heat of refrigerant liquid and outside
Transmitting；
The refrigerant chamber set 7 is the good metal material of thermal conductivity, is easy to hot transmitting；
The electrolyte entrance 9 and electrolyte outlet 10 are respectively the inlet and outlet of electrolyte flow；
Mainly include following procedure using the key step of Electrolyzed Processing workpiece of the present invention:
Cathod system is installed on cathode rod by step 1) by tailstock, and cathode rod is connected with machine tool feed axis；
Step 2 installs workpiece；
Step 3) determines the correct position of cathode sheets opposite piece machined surface to knife, and gives suitable primary clearance；
Sealing clamp is bolted on cathode by step 4)；
The anode of power supply is connected, cathode is connected with cathode by step 5) by drawing electric block with workpiece；
Refrigerant-cycle systems are connected with from refrigerant chamber set inlet tube and refrigerant chamber set outlet tube by step 6) respectively；
Step 7) gets through electrolyte circulation system, adjusts electrolyte inlet pressure to appropriately sized；
Step 8) opens refrigerant-cycle systems, is passed through refrigerant from refrigerant chamber set inlet tube, covers outlet tube from refrigerant chamber
Export refrigerant；
Step 9) opens power switch, while lathe is to workpiece axial feed；
Step 10) lathe is fed into preset distance according to predetermined speed；
Step 11) process finishing stops the feeding of lathe cathode, stops refrigerant circulation conveying, closes power supply, electrolyte circulation
System.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system, including cathode (4), cathode (4) bosom has upper
The cathode cavity of lower perforation；Cathode sheets (2) are installed below above-mentioned cathode (4), are machined with cathode sword among cathode sheets (2)
Slot；It is characterized by:
Insulation sleeve (3), refrigerant chamber set (7), jacket (6) are successively installed from inside to outside in above-mentioned cathode cavity；Insulation sleeve
(3), refrigerant chamber set (7), jacket (6) are the structure type of upper end closed lower ending opening；Tool inside refrigerant chamber set (7)
Have refrigerant storage tank (7-2), refrigerant storage tank cross section reduces form in ladder from top to bottom；Refrigerant chamber set (7) outer wall one
Upper lateral part is provided with refrigerant inlet (7-3), and another side lower part of opposite outer walls is provided with refrigerant outlet (7-4)；
The cathod system further includes refrigerant inlet tube (5) and refrigerant outlet tube (8)；Refrigerant inlet tube (5) sequentially passes through
Cathode (4), jacket (6) are docked with refrigerant inlet (7-3), refrigerant outlet tube (8) sequentially pass through cathode (4), absolutely
Hot jacket (6) is docked with refrigerant outlet (7-4).
2. low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Above-mentioned jacket (6) is made of insulation cylinder (6-1) and insulation ring flat-plate (6-2)；It is insulated cylinder (6-1) and is located at insulation ring flat-plate (6-
2) inside, the insulation ring flat-plate upper end (6-2) have the borderline structure extended inwardly；It is insulated the borderline structure of the upper end ring flat-plate (6-2)
Cooperate with the borderline structure of insulation sleeve (3) lower end and positions；
Above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set (7) is embedded between insulation cylinder (6-1), insulation ring flat-plate (6-2) and insulation sleeve (3).
3. low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The jacket (6), refrigerant inlet tube (5), refrigerant outlet tube (8) are heat-insulating material；
Above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set (7) is thermal conductive metallic material.
4. low temperature environment jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Above-mentioned refrigerant chamber set (7) is made of canister portion structure and covering plate structure.
5. the processing method of the jacking Electrolyzed Processing cathod system using low temperature environment described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
In the jacking electrochemical machining method, the type of flow of electrolyte is lateral flow type, i.e., electrolyte by workpiece (1) one end electricity
It solves liquid entrance (9) to flow into, after flowing through the processing gap between cathode sheets (2) and workpiece (1), by the electrolysis of workpiece (1) other end
Liquid exports (10) outflow；
Cathod system is fed to workpiece (1), and the insulation that refrigerant chamber set (7) is wrapped up gradually is inserted in the machined type face of workpiece (1)
Cover the topical hypothermia protection zone in (3)；Refrigerant is flowed into from refrigerant chamber set inlet tube (5), by refrigerant storage tank from system
Cryogen chamber cover outlet tube (8) outflow, refrigerant constantly absorbed in flow process workpiece it is machined around heat, maintenance workpiece
(1) low temperature environment around machined region controls electrolyte along Cheng Wensheng；The flowing of refrigerant and the flow direction of electrolyte
It is opposite；
Refrigerant storage tank body size, ladder reduces from top to bottom, and is gradually reduced from inlet opening to fluid hole, so that workpiece (1)
Around electrolyte temperature from top to bottom, from inlet opening to fluid hole distribution gradient.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN110340467A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Be open symmetrical cathode tongue-and-groove electrolytic machining device and method |
| CN110394520A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freeze the electrolysis small hole forming method of layer wink |
| CN110394515A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-11-01 | 合肥工业大学 | One kind being used for gear teeth groove face micro-structure Electrolyzed Processing tooling |
| CN110394517A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freeze electrolyte fixed grain conduction ice pan and preparation method and application |
| CN110394519A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low-temperature electrolytic precision machining method |
| CN111722345A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-29 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司 | Stray light suppression device |
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| CN110340467A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-10-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Be open symmetrical cathode tongue-and-groove electrolytic machining device and method |
| CN110394520A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freeze the electrolysis small hole forming method of layer wink |
| CN110394517A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Freeze electrolyte fixed grain conduction ice pan and preparation method and application |
| CN110394519A (en) * | 2019-07-08 | 2019-11-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low-temperature electrolytic precision machining method |
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| CN111722345A (en) * | 2020-05-06 | 2020-09-29 | 哈尔滨新光光电科技股份有限公司 | Stray light suppression device |
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