CN109909262B - Treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution - Google Patents
Treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for treating waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution through synergistic solidification, which solves the problems that the waste incineration fly ash and the waste concentrated solution are difficult to treat and the treatment cost is high. The treatment method comprises the steps of mixing and stirring the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent to form a solid mixture; adding the garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture; adding the stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, uniformly stirring, placing into a mold, curing to form a solidified body, and finally placing the solidified body in a specified area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. On the basis of ensuring the stability of the solidified body, the invention not only realizes the safe disposal of the waste incineration fly ash, but also realizes the in-situ resource utilization of the waste concentrated solution of the refuse landfill and the incineration plant, realizes the cooperative disposal of the waste concentrated solution and the waste incineration fly ash in the plant area, and greatly reduces the operation cost of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource utilization of bulk solid wastes and harmless treatment of hazardous wastes, in particular to a treatment method for co-solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution.
Background
The waste incineration fly ash refers to bottom ash deposited at the bottoms of a flue gas purification system and a flue and a chimney in waste incineration equipment, and is listed in waste category HW18 (waste code 772) 002-18 of national hazardous waste records of China due to the fact that the waste incineration fly ash contains lead, mercury, chromium and other heavy metals and high carcinogenic dioxin and other substances. Meanwhile, after meeting 6.3 requirements in the pollution control Standard of the domestic refuse landfill (GB16889-2008), the refuse can enter the domestic refuse landfill for landfill, and the refuse landfill has the privilege of exemption management of hazardous wastes.
At present, the common disposal method of the domestic waste incineration fly ash in China is that cement is solidified and chemical agents are added to prepare solidified bodies which are then intensively placed in a specified area of a refuse landfill, and relevant solidification disposal technical schemes and industry standards are formed, such as technical standards for solidification and stabilization treatment of the domestic waste incineration fly ash. However, the method still has the disadvantages of consuming a large amount of cement resources, causing higher disposal cost due to the addition of a large amount of chelating agent, and the like.
For example, the chinese invention patent with application No. 201711480201.6 discloses a method for solidifying and chelating fly ash from waste incineration, which comprises solidifying the fly ash by using at least one of a solidifying agent (fly ash, slag, fluidized bed fly ash, gangue tailings, river silt, kaolin, cement, silicon powder, steel slag, red mud), an inorganic chelating stabilizer (sodium sulfide, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate, ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride) and an organic chelating stabilizer (amino dithiocarbamic acid carboxyl type chelating resin, dithioformate derivatives, trisodium trithiocyanate), mixing the above materials in a nearly dry method, and mechanically compacting the mixture to obtain a solidified body.
In addition, typical bulk solid wastes such as fly ash, iron ore tailings powder and desulfurized gypsum are accumulated in large quantities due to huge production amount and low resource utilization level, so that the environment is seriously polluted and resources are seriously wasted. The garbage concentrated solution is waste water containing high-concentration organic matters, high salt and high ammonia nitrogen and formed by membrane treatment of garbage leachate, at present, garbage piles are refilled and sprayed back to an incinerator for treatment, but the refilling mode can cause the load of a subsequent leachate membrane treatment system to be aggravated, the spraying mode can reduce the incinerator temperature, the stability of the incinerator system is seriously influenced when the amount is large, and the problem of difficulty in treatment exists.
For example, the chinese patent application No. 201410267429.7 discloses a method for co-processing fly ash and landfill leachate, which comprises mixing alkaline substance, fly ash and landfill leachate, heating and pressurizing through a reaction kettle, and then performing solid-liquid separation to realize the disposal of pollutants in fly ash. The technology explains a method for co-processing the landfill leachate and the fly ash, but the method can be realized only by using a reaction kettle under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the conditions required by practical application are harsh, the cost is high, and the method aims at the co-processing of the landfill leachate and the fly ash. At present, a method for the synergistic treatment of concentrated solution of landfill leachate, waste incineration fly ash and bulk solid waste is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing a solidified body by utilizing bulk solid waste as a solidified base material to be cooperated with solidified household garbage incineration fly ash and a garbage concentrated solution.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for treating waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution in a synergistic solidification mode, which comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding the garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) and adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, uniformly stirring, putting into a mold, and curing to form a solidified body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the solidified body is less than 2.0.
(4) And placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. It meets the requirements of the technical standard for solidification and stabilization treatment of fly ash from incineration of household garbage, and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards.
Furthermore, the solidified base material consists of two or three or four of fly ash, iron ore tailing powder, desulfurized gypsum and red mud, the addition amount of the solidified base material accounts for 15-40% of the total mass of all solid materials, the addition amount of each solidified base material accounts for 5-15% of the total mass of all solid materials, the iron ore tailing is 5-12%, the desulfurized gypsum is 4-10%, and the red mud is 1-4%.
Furthermore, the curing agent is composed of two or three or four of cement, bentonite, zeolite and diatomite, the addition amount of the curing agent is 20-30% of the total mass of all solid materials, and the addition amount of each curing agent accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of all solid materials, 5-10% of the bentonite, 2-8% of the zeolite and 3-10% of the diatomite respectively.
Further, the stabilizing agent is composed of 2 or 3 of sodium silicate, sodium acrylate and sodium hydroxide, the adding amount of the stabilizing agent is 7% -12% of the total mass of all solid materials, wherein the adding amounts of the sodium acrylate and the sodium hydroxide respectively account for 1% -2% of the total mass of all the solid materials, the adding amount of the sodium silicate is 5% -10% of the total mass of all the solid materials, and the molar concentration of the sodium silicate is 2.0-3.3 mol/L.
Further, the addition amount of the waste incineration fly ash is 20-50% of the total mass of all solid materials.
Further, the curing time in the step (3) is at least 3 days, and the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.3-1.9.
Further, the adding mass ratio of the garbage concentrated solution to all solid materials is 0.5: 1-1: 1.
Further, all the solid materials are waste incineration fly ash, a curing base material, a curing agent and a stabilizer.
Further, the stirring time in the step (1) is 2-10 minutes, and the stirring time in the step (2) is 2-10 minutes; and (4) stirring for 3-5 minutes in the step (3).
Further, the curing time in the step (3) is 3-5 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the bulk solid waste is used as a curing base material curing agent to cooperatively treat the waste incineration fly ash, so that the resource utilization of the bulk solid waste is realized, the use of cement is greatly reduced, and the compatibilization ratio and the curing cost are reduced. Reducing the compatibilization ratio can reduce the volume of the cured body, thereby reducing the occupied storage capacity. The invention has excellent solidifying effect especially on dioxin in the fly ash and pollutants in the concentrated solution, improves the stability of the solidified body of the fly ash and the environmental safety, and can solve two large pollution wastes of waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution which are puzzled for sustainable development of waste incineration plants for a long time.
(2) The invention uses the garbage concentrated solution as a solvent to participate in the solidification of the fly ash, the dioxin in the concentrated solution and the fly ash and the curing agent rich in silicon and aluminum are subjected to full hydration reaction, and the pollutants are subjected to solidification and stabilization treatment by utilizing the strong adsorption capacity of the solidification base material and the activation effect of the stabilizer.
In conclusion, on the basis of ensuring the stability of the solidified body, the invention not only realizes the safe disposal of the waste incineration fly ash, but also realizes the in-situ resource utilization of the waste concentrated solution of the refuse landfill and the incineration plant, and in addition, the use of the fly ash, the iron ore tailing powder and the desulfurization gypsum greatly reduces the cost, thereby having wide application prospect, realizing the cooperative co-disposal of the waste concentrated solution and the waste incineration fly ash in the plant area, and greatly reducing the operation cost of enterprises.
Detailed Description
In order to further clarify the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiment of the present invention. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 50 kg;
(1) weighing 15kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
19.5kg of curing base material, wherein the curing base material consists of 7.5kg of fly ash, 5kg of iron ore tailing powder, 5kg of desulfurized gypsum and 2kg of red mud;
10.5kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent consists of bentonite, zeolite and cement, and the bentonite is 5kg, the zeolite is 2kg and the cement is 3.5 kg;
putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 25kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate, sodium acrylate and sodium hydroxide, and the sodium silicate is 4kg, the sodium acrylate is 0.5kg, and the sodium hydroxide is 0.5 kg; is manufactured by casting and molding by adopting a moldThe making process comprises the steps of filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.1m3Curing the mold for 48 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.3;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 50 kg;
(1) weighing 17.5kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
17kg of curing base material, wherein the curing base material consists of 6kg of fly ash, 5kg of iron ore tailing powder, 4kg of desulfurized gypsum and 2kg of red mud;
11.5kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of bentonite, zeolite and cement, 4kg of bentonite, 3kg of zeolite and 4.5kg of cement, the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent are put into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for 2 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 25kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 2 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring for 5 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate and sodium acrylate, and the sodium silicate accounts for 3kg and the sodium acrylate accounts for 1 kg; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.1m3Curing the mold for 48 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.9;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 3
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 100 kg;
(1) weighing 40kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
27kg of solidified base material, wherein the solidified base material is composed of 12kg of fly ash, 10kg of iron ore tailing powder and 5kg of desulfurized gypsum;
26kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of diatomite, zeolite and cement, 8kg of diatomite, 6kg of zeolite and 12kg of cement, the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent are put into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and the mixture is uniformly stirred for 10 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 60kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 10 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring for 4 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate and sodium acrylate, and the sodium silicate is 5kg and the sodium acrylate is 2 kg; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.2m3Curing the mold for 72 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.5;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 4
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 100 kg;
(1) weighing 50kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
17kg of solidified base material, wherein the solidified base material consists of 8kg of fly ash, 5kg of iron ore tailing powder and 4kg of desulfurized gypsum;
23kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of bentonite, zeolite and cement, and the bentonite is 5kg, the zeolite is 3kg and the cement is 15 kg;
putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and uniformly stirring for 5 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 60kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 5 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of 8kg of sodium silicate, 1kg of sodium acrylate and 1kg of sodium hydroxide; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.3m3Curing the mold for 48 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.7;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 5
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 100 kg;
(1) weighing 44kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
24kg of solidified base material, wherein the solidified base material is composed of 5kg of fly ash, 12kg of iron ore tailing powder, 6kg of desulfurized gypsum and 1kg of red mud;
20kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of bentonite, zeolite, cement and diatomite, and the curing agent comprises 10kg of bentonite, 2kg of zeolite, 5kg of cement and 3kg of diatomite;
putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 70kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring for 5 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate and sodium acrylate, and the sodium silicate is 10kg and the sodium acrylate is 2 kg; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.3m3Curing the mold for 120 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.7;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 6
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 100 kg;
(1) weighing 45kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
15kg of solidified base material, wherein the solidified base material is composed of 5kg of fly ash, 5kg of iron ore tailing powder, 4kg of desulfurized gypsum and 1kg of red mud;
30kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of cement and diatomite, and the cement is 20kg and the diatomite is 10 kg;
putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 70kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 7 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, uniformly stirring for 5 minutes, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate, sodium acrylate and sodium hydroxide,wherein the weight of the sodium silicate is 6kg, the weight of the sodium acrylate is 2kg, and the weight of the sodium hydroxide is 2 kg; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.3m3Curing the mold for 48 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.9;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 7
A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
the total mass of all solid materials in this example was 100 kg;
(1) weighing 20kg of dried waste incineration fly ash;
40kg of solidified base material, wherein the solidified base material is composed of 25kg of fly ash, 12kg of iron ore tailing powder, 10kg of desulfurized gypsum and 3kg of red mud;
33kg of curing agent, wherein the curing agent is composed of cement, zeolite, bentonite and diatomite, and the cement is 5kg, the zeolite is 8kg, the bentonite is 10kg and the diatomite is 10 kg;
putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring, and uniformly stirring for 3 minutes to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding 100kg of garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring for 3 minutes to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, and uniformly stirring, wherein the stabilizer is composed of sodium silicate and sodium acrylate, and the sodium silicate is 5kg and the sodium acrylate is 2 kg; adopting a mold casting molding manufacturing process, and filling the uniformly stirred mixture into a container with the diameter of 0.3m3Curing the mold for 48 hours to form a cured body, wherein the compatibilization ratio of the cured body is 1.9;
(4) and placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill. The solidified body meets the requirements of 'technical standard for solidification and stabilization of fly ash from incineration of household garbage', and is regularly detected according to the relevant standards. The results are shown in Table 1.
When the cured bodies prepared in the examples 1 to 7 adopt a casting molding process, the external thickness of a single cured body is more than 0.3m but not more than 0.7m, the compressive strength is more than 1MPa, and the impact spalling rate is less than 5 percent. And the leaching toxicity of the solidified body can meet the requirement of the refuse disposal site entrance control standard. The curing efficiency of dioxin in the cured body is more than 99 percent, and the curing efficiency of heavy metal is more than 95 percent. After the solidified body is subjected to an anti-soaking test, obvious cracks or fissures cannot be generated, and the loss rate of the compressive strength is less than 25%.
Table 1: cured body performance test meter
According to the technical standard for solidification and stabilization treatment of fly ash from incineration of household garbage, the terms related to the invention are defined as follows:
waste incineration fly ash: the fly ash and reaction products collected or captured by the flue gas purification system during normal operation and maintenance of the household garbage incineration plant comprise dust and reaction products deposited at the bottoms of flue gas purification system equipment, a flue and a chimney.
And (3) garbage leachate: the leachate mainly refers to water held by the garbage in the garbage incineration plant, liquid generated by decomposing the garbage and rainwater brought in during the garbage collection and transportation process.
Garbage concentrated solution: after the leachate is treated by biochemical and membrane treatment processes, 50-70% of the liquid is discharged up to the standard through the filtration of the membrane, and the rest is concentrated solution.
Compatibilization ratio: the ratio of the volume of the solidified body of the fly ash formed by solidification/stabilization to the volume of the original fly ash.
The back spraying method is to spray the percolate and the concentrated solution back to the waste incineration combustion process or the tail gas treatment process.
Claims (7)
1. A treatment method for synergistically solidifying waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution comprises the following steps:
(1) putting the waste incineration fly ash, the curing base material and the curing agent into a dry material mixer for mixing and stirring to form a solid mixture;
(2) adding the garbage concentrated solution into the solid mixture, and continuously stirring to form a uniform slurry solid-liquid mixture;
(3) adding a stabilizer into the slurry solid-liquid mixture, uniformly stirring, putting into a mold, and curing to form a solidified body, wherein the volume increase ratio of the solidified body is less than 2.0;
(4) placing the solidified body in a designated area of a refuse landfill for storage or landfill;
the solidified base material consists of two or three or four of fly ash, iron ore tailing powder, desulfurized gypsum and red mud, the addition amount of the solidified base material accounts for 15-40% of the total mass of all solid materials, the addition amount of each solidified base material accounts for 5-15% of the total mass of all solid materials respectively, the iron ore tailing 5-12%, the desulfurized gypsum 4-10% and the red mud 1-4%;
the curing agent is composed of two or three or four of cement, bentonite, zeolite and diatomite, the addition amount of the curing agent is 20-30% of the total mass of all solid materials, and the addition amount of each curing agent accounts for 5-20% of the total mass of all solid materials, 5-10% of the bentonite, 2-8% of the zeolite and 3-10% of the diatomite;
the stabilizer is composed of 2 or 3 of sodium silicate, sodium acrylate and sodium hydroxide, the addition amount of the stabilizer is 7-12% of the total mass of all solid materials, wherein the addition amounts of the sodium acrylate and the sodium hydroxide respectively account for 1-2% of the total mass of all the solid materials, the addition amount of the sodium silicate is 5-10% of the total mass of all the solid materials, and the molar concentration of the sodium silicate is 2.0-3.3 mol/L.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fly ash from waste incineration is added in an amount of 20-50% of the total mass of all solid materials.
3. The method for treating co-solidified waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrate according to claim 1, wherein the curing time in the step (3) is at least 3 days, and the compatibilization ratio of the solidified body is 1.3-1.9.
4. The method for treating the co-solidified waste incineration fly ash and the waste concentrated solution according to claim 1, wherein the adding mass ratio of the waste concentrated solution to all solid materials is 0.5: 1-1: 1.
5. The method for treating waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrated solution in cooperation with solidification according to claim 1 or 2, wherein all the solid materials are waste incineration fly ash, a solidification base material, a solidification agent and a stabilizer.
6. The method for treating the co-solidified waste incineration fly ash and the waste concentrated solution according to claim 1, wherein the stirring time in the step (1) is 2-10 minutes, and the stirring time in the step (2) is 2-10 minutes; and (4) stirring for 3-5 minutes in the step (3).
7. The method for treating co-solidified waste incineration fly ash and waste concentrate according to claim 3, wherein the curing time in the step (3) is 3 to 5 days.
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