CN109902439B - Aeronautical power generation pipeline modeling and vibration characteristic analysis method considering bolt connection - Google Patents
Aeronautical power generation pipeline modeling and vibration characteristic analysis method considering bolt connection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical dynamics, and particularly relates to a method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft pipeline by considering bolt connection. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a physical contact finite element model constrained by a pipeline hoop, and correcting the elasticity modulus of the pipeline through a free modal test to obtain a corrected pipeline model; carrying out simulation calculation on the natural frequency under the set tightening torque, and verifying the simulation calculation by adopting a modal test and a basic excitation response test; and analyzing the influence rule of the bolt tightening torque, the clamp span and the pipe body length on the natural frequency of the double-clamp pipeline system. The method adopts a finite element contact model and is combined with a test for comparison and research, and the modeling method has accurate calculation result and conforms to an actual structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical dynamics, and particularly relates to a method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft power pipeline by considering bolt connection.
Background
The external pipeline of the aero-engine is an important component of the aero-engine, is called as the "cardiovascular" of the aero-engine, and the failure of the external pipeline of the aero-engine caused by vibration is one of important problems affecting the reliability of the aero-engine for a long time. Therefore, the study on the vibration characteristics of the clamp pipe system is very important.
Aiming at the connection characteristic that a clamp is adopted for an external pipeline of an aircraft engine, finite element calculation is carried out on the rigidity of the clamp by yinjiao and the like, the rigidity of a typical clamp is verified by an experimental method, and the calculation method of the rigidity of the clamp is obtained and can be used for engineering practice. The hoop stiffness and the equivalent viscous damping are determined by the unlavov and the Bezboroov through a hysteresis loop, a vibration characteristic analysis method based on ANSYS is provided, and simulation calculation is well consistent with a test result. Nassar and the like analyze the influence of factors such as tightening speed and the like on the connection performance of the bolt through tests, and the reliability of estimating the clamping force of the bolt is improved. The practical structure of the flexible clamp is analyzed by the aid of the Li camp and the like, the characteristic that the transverse rigidity of the clamp has piecewise linearity is obtained, and the influence of the clamp on vibration response is further analyzed. Qiu and the like analyze various parameters influencing the connection performance of the bolt based on a finite element method, and research results show that the pretightening force is the most main parameter. Gao et al established a clamp pipeline system model in the form of a beam unit simulation pipeline and a spring simulation clamp, and verified the effectiveness of the model through experiments. Rao and Wei propose an algorithm for reversely pushing the bolt pretightening force based on finite elements, and a pretightening force range within which the bolt is not loosened is obtained. Kim and the like establish a structure with bolt connection by adopting finite element software through different modeling methods, and the results show that the calculation result of adopting a solid bolt model is the most accurate.
The analysis of the documents shows that in a constraint model of an aircraft external pipeline clamp, the boundary condition of clamp constraint is mostly considered, but the influence of clamp bolt pretension is not considered, and a certain difference exists between the constraint model and an actual structure.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the technical problem that the existing model is different from the actual structure, the invention provides a method for modeling an aircraft pipeline and analyzing vibration characteristics by considering bolt connection.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the main technical scheme that:
a method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft pipeline considering bolt connection comprises the following steps:
establishing a physical contact finite element model constrained by a pipeline hoop, and correcting the elasticity modulus of the pipeline through a free modal test to obtain a corrected pipeline model;
carrying out simulation calculation on the natural frequency under the set tightening torque, and verifying the simulation calculation by adopting a modal test and a basic excitation response test;
and analyzing the influence rule of the bolt tightening torque, the clamp span and the pipe body length on the natural frequency of the double-clamp pipeline system.
Preferably, based on ANSYS finite element software, an entity contact finite element model constrained by the pipeline hoop is established;
the pipe body, the metal rubber and the hoop strap are all subjected to grid division by Solid45 Solid units, and 46690 nodes and 43156 units are totally formed;
common node operation is adopted between the metal rubber and the strap, and a real welding structure is simulated;
the metal rubber and the pipeline are in standard contact, wherein the metal rubber surface is a contact surface, the pipeline surface is a target surface, and the contact unit and the target unit respectively adopt a Conta174 unit and a Targe170 unit;
the hoop bolt part is modeled by Beam188 Beam units, each bolt is divided into 4 units and 5 nodes, a Prets179 pre-tightening force unit is added to a bolt center node, and the pre-tightening effect of the hoop bolt is simulated;
the bolt head and the bolt table are simulated by a rigid area, namely all nodes of an area where the bolt head is in contact with the strap are bound together by the rigid area;
the displacement constraint of 3 nodes of the edge of the upper hoop is 0, so that the aim of fixed constraint is fulfilled.
Preferably, the mode test is to obtain the natural frequency and the mode of vibration of the pipeline system by a hammering method.
Preferably, the simulation model selects the corrected finite element model, different tightening torques are applied to the bolt, and the natural frequency of the pipeline hoop bolt under different tightening torques is analyzed.
Preferably, the clamp at one end of the pipeline is fixed, the position of the clamp at the other end of the pipeline is adjusted, the natural frequency of the pipeline system within 2000Hz under different clamp spans of the pipeline is analyzed, and the accuracy of simulation calculation is verified through tests.
Preferably, the change law of the fundamental frequency of pipelines with different lengths under different tightening torques is analyzed.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for modeling the aviation power pipeline and analyzing the vibration characteristics by considering the bolt connection, the aviation power pipeline hoop constraint model is taken as a research object, the finite element contact model is adopted, and the method is combined with a test for comparison research, so that the modeling method is accurate in calculation result and consistent with an actual structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for modeling an aircraft pipeline and analyzing vibration characteristics in consideration of bolt connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hammering testing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a force hammer is not shown;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a comparison between a test mode shape and a simulated mode shape, where FIG. 3a is the test mode shape and FIG. 3b is the simulated mode shape;
FIG. 4 is a comparison of simulated and experimental vibration responses according to embodiments of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4a is a time domain comparison and FIG. 4b is a frequency domain comparison;
FIG. 5 is a comparison of simulated and experimental vibration responses provided by embodiments of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5a is the front 2 steps in the x direction, and FIG. 5b is the front 2 steps in the y direction;
FIG. 6 is a vibration testing system of a clamp conduit system under basic excitation, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating frequency response functions for different spans according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 shows the effect of tightening torque provided by an embodiment of the present invention on the inherent characteristics of pipes of different lengths, wherein the pipe lengths of fig. 8a, 8b, and 8c are 0.2m, 0.4m, and 0.6m, respectively.
[ description of reference ]
1: clamping a hoop; 2: a pipeline; 3: collecting an acceleration sensor; 4: a vibration table feedback acceleration sensor; 5: and (4) clamping.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of better explaining the present invention and to facilitate understanding, the present invention will be described in detail by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention discloses a method for modeling an aircraft pipeline and analyzing vibration characteristics by considering bolt connection, which comprises the following steps:
and establishing a solid contact finite element model constrained by the pipeline hoop, and correcting the elasticity modulus of the pipeline through a free mode test to obtain a corrected pipeline model.
And carrying out simulation calculation on the natural frequency under the set tightening torque, and verifying the simulation calculation by adopting a modal test and a basic excitation response test.
And analyzing the influence rule of the bolt tightening torque, the clamp span and the pipe body length on the natural frequency of the double-clamp pipeline system.
The method is specifically as follows:
1 finite element model building
1.1 construction of solid model
Considering the actual structure of the clamp pipeline system, based on ANSYS finite element software, a physical contact finite element model of the pipeline clamp constraint is established
The model is selected as a double-clamp clamping pipeline model, wherein the structural size parameters of the pipe body are as follows: 8mm external diameter, 6.4mm internal diameter, length 500mm, clamp span 450mm and symmetric distribution. The pipeline metal rubber clamp is a standard clamp for an external pipeline of the aircraft engine, and the material parameters of the corresponding pipeline and the clamp are shown in a table 1.
TABLE 1 pipe and band Material parameters
The pipe body, the metal rubber and the hoop strap are all subjected to grid division by Solid45 Solid units, and 46690 nodes and 43156 units are totally formed. Common node operation is adopted between the metal rubber and the strap, and a real welding structure is simulated; the metal rubber and the pipeline are in standard contact, wherein the metal rubber surface is a contact surface, the pipeline surface is a target surface, and the contact unit and the target unit respectively adopt a Conta174 unit and a Targe170 unit; the hoop bolt part is modeled by Beam188 Beam units, each bolt is divided into 4 units and 5 nodes, a Prets179 pre-tightening force unit is added to a bolt center node, and the pre-tightening effect of the hoop bolt is simulated; the bolt head and the bolt platform are simulated by a rigid area, namely all nodes of an area where the bolt head is in contact with the strap are bound together by the rigid area; and considering the actual contact length of the upper and lower bands after screwing, the displacement constraint of 3 nodes of the edge of the upper band is 0, and the purpose of fixed constraint is achieved.
1.2 optimization of the modulus of elasticity of the pipe body
Because the manufacturing precision of the purchased pipelines is difficult to accurately ensure, the elasticity modulus of the pipelines is corrected through a free mode test. And optimizing the optimal elastic modulus by adopting a 1-order optimization algorithm, wherein the optimization range is 1.8 multiplied by 1011 Pa-2.4 multiplied by 1011Pa, the iteration times are 50 times, and the initial value is 2.04 multiplied by 1011Pa. The optimized elastic modulus results are 1.99X 1011Pa, wherein the natural frequency comparison results of the first 8 th order are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 comparison of experimental and optimization results
2 model verification
2.1 Modal test verification
By adopting the pipeline model after the upper section correction, considering the influence of the pretightening force effect of the clamp bolt on the inherent characteristics of the pipeline, carrying out simulation calculation on the inherent frequency under the tightening torque of 7 N.m, and calculating the pretightening force by adopting an empirical formula F = (T + 1)/(0.22 × d), wherein T is the tightening torque, d is the bolt diameter, and the bolt diameter is 6mm. Due to the existence of the pre-tightening force, static analysis is carried out before ANSYS software modal solution so as to consider the pre-tightening effect.
In order to prove the effectiveness of the simulation model, the natural frequency and the vibration mode of the pipeline system are obtained by a hammering method, a test site is shown in figure 2, and a DH5956 test system is adopted for data acquisition and analysis.
The comparison result of the simulation calculation and the test is shown in table 3, and it can be seen that under the tightening torque of 7N · m, the first 2-order natural frequency of the simulation calculation in each direction of the pipeline is basically consistent with the test result, and the error is within 4%, so that the actual engineering requirement can be met. The inherent frequency of the pipeline in the x direction is lower than that of the pipeline in the y direction, because the y direction of the metal rubber clamp is the pre-tightening direction of the bolt, and the pipeline in the x direction is clamped by the shape of the clamp structure, the inherent frequency of the pipeline in the x direction is lower than that of the pipeline in the y direction, and the characteristic that the rigidity of the clamp in different directions is inconsistent is reflected.
TABLE 3 comparison of simulation and test results
The y-direction test and simulation front 2-order mode pair of the pipeline is shown in FIG. 3, and the x-direction mode pair is similar to the x-direction mode pair, and the description is omitted.
2.2 basic excitation test verification
The pipeline of the aircraft engine is often subjected to periodic unbalanced excitation action generated by rotating machinery such as an engine, and when the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the pipeline, the pipeline is often caused to generate large-amplitude resonance. The vibration response characteristic of a double-clamp pipeline system under the condition that basic simple harmonic excitation is 159Hz is researched. The vibration test system of the clamp pipeline system under the basic excitation is shown in fig. 6, an electromagnetic vibration table is used for simulating the basic excitation of a casing, and the excitation acceleration is 0.5g.
Proportional damping is selected in response calculation to solve, the modal damping ratio is 0.04, the comparison result of simulation calculation and test is shown in figure 4, the simulation calculation and the test are well matched, and the effectiveness of the model is fully verified.
3 intrinsic characteristic parameter analysis
3.1 Effect of tightening Torque
It is known from domestic actual production that during the assembly process of an external pipeline of an aircraft engine outside a casing, the external pipeline is screwed down manually by operation experience, so that the sizes of screwing moments are different, and the section discusses the influence of different screwing moments on the natural frequency of the pipeline and compares the influence with a test result. The simulation model selects the finite element model after the correction, applies different tightening torques on the bolt, and analyzes the natural frequency of the pipeline hoop bolt under the tightening torque of 2-13 N.m.
The results of comparing the simulation calculation with the experimental test are shown in fig. 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the natural frequency of the pipeline gradually increases as the tightening torque increases, because the metal rubber is gradually compressed and the support rigidity increases as the bolt is tightened, so that the natural frequency of the pipeline increases. Under different tightening torques, the maximum errors of the natural frequencies of 1 order and 2 orders in different directions of the pipeline are within 8 percent, and the actual engineering requirements are met. Furthermore, when the tightening torque reaches 8N · m or more, the natural frequency of the pipe increases slowly and tends to be stable, because the metal rubber has been compacted and the increase in the support rigidity is small.
3.2 influence of the Clamp span
The clamp plays the effect of fixed restraint in the overall arrangement of aviation pipeline, nevertheless because aeroengine's assembly space problem, the fixed clamp span of many pipelines is all inequality, and this section analysis is different to the influence of pipeline natural frequency in the clamp span. The pipeline model is the same as the previous one, the position of the hoop at the other end is adjusted by fixing the hoop at one end of the pipeline, the natural frequency of the pipeline system within 2000Hz under different hoop spans of the pipeline is analyzed, and the accuracy of simulation calculation is verified through tests. The frequency response function tested for different spans is shown in figure 7,
the comparison result of the simulation calculation and the test is shown in table 4, and it can be known that the natural frequency is well matched under different hoop spans, and the maximum error is not more than 6.06%. On one hand, the accuracy of the hoop model can be demonstrated, and the corresponding hoop model can be applied to engineering practice; on the other hand, according to the calculation result, when the clamp at one end is fixed and the pipe length is guaranteed to be unchanged, the increase of the span of the clamp enables the fundamental frequency of the pipeline to show a trend of increasing and then decreasing.
TABLE 4 pipeline natural frequency (frequency unit Hz, error unit%)
3.3 Effect of tightening Torque on the intrinsic characteristics of different tube lengths
When the actual pipeline layout is installed, the pipeline length, span and tightening torque are different, and the section analyzes the influence of different tightening torques on the natural frequency of pipelines with different lengths. The change law of fundamental frequency of the pipeline with the length of 0.2,0.4,0.6m under the tightening torque of 2-13 N.m is analyzed and researched. In the modeling process, the distance between the center of the hoop and the two ends of the pipeline is a certain value, which is 0.025m, and the rest parameters refer to the finite element model in the front.
The simulation results are shown in fig. 8, and it can be known that the natural frequency of the pipeline in the y direction is greater than that in the x direction for different pipe lengths, which is the same as the above reason. It can be seen from the figure that when the pipeline is 0.2m, the natural frequency of the 1 st order in the y direction of the pipeline is increased by 205Hz as the tightening torque is increased, and when the pipeline is 0.6m, the natural frequency of the 1 st order in the y direction of the pipeline is increased by only 20Hz as the tightening torque is increased, that is, as the length of the pipeline is increased, the influence of the tightening torque on the natural frequency is gradually reduced, that is, the influence of the bearing rigidity of the clamp on the natural frequency is gradually reduced, because as the length of the pipeline is increased, the influence of the structural rigidity of the pipeline on the natural frequency is gradually increased, and the influence of the bearing rigidity is gradually reduced.
5 conclusion
1) Aiming at the double-clamp clamping pipeline system, a pipeline system finite element model considering bolt connection is established based on ANSYS software, a hammering test and a basic excitation response test are used for verification, and the result fully shows the effectiveness of the model.
2) Due to the asymmetry of the structure of the hoop, the rigidity of the hoop has the characteristic of asymmetry, the rigidity in the bolt pre-tightening direction is higher than that in the other direction, and the conclusion of the test result and simulation calculation is verified.
3) Through tests and simulation comparison, the natural frequency of the pipeline tends to increase along with the increase of the tightening torque, and for the research object, the natural frequency of the pipeline tends to be stable after the tightening torque reaches 8N m.
4) The tightening torque has different effects on the inherent characteristics of pipelines with different lengths, and the longer the length of the pipeline is, the weaker the effect of the tightening torque is, namely the weaker the influence of the bearing rigidity of the clamp on the inherent frequency of the pipeline is.
The technical principles of the present invention have been described above in connection with specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the principles of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention in any way. Based on the explanations herein, those skilled in the art will be able to conceive of other embodiments of the invention without inventive step, which shall fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a model building and vibration characteristic analysis method of aircraft pipeline of considering bolted connection which characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
based on ANSYS finite element software, establishing a physical contact finite element model constrained by a pipeline hoop, and correcting the elasticity modulus of the pipeline through a free modal test to obtain a corrected pipeline model;
in the entity contact finite element model, the pipe body, the metal rubber and the hoop strap are all subjected to grid division by Solid45 entity units, and 46690 nodes and 43156 units are totally formed;
common node operation is adopted between the metal rubber and the strap, and a real welding structure is simulated;
the metal rubber and the pipeline are in standard contact, wherein the metal rubber surface is a contact surface, the pipeline surface is a target surface, and the contact unit and the target unit respectively adopt a Conta174 unit and a Targe170 unit;
modeling a hoop bolt part by adopting a Beam188 Beam unit, dividing each bolt into 4 units and 5 nodes, adding a Prets179 pre-tightening force unit at a bolt center node, and simulating a pre-tightening effect of the hoop bolt;
the bolt head and the bolt platform are simulated by a rigid area, namely all nodes of an area where the bolt head is in contact with the strap are bound together by the rigid area;
the displacement constraint of 3 nodes of the edge of the upper hoop is 0, so that the aim of fixed constraint is fulfilled;
carrying out simulation calculation on the natural frequency under the set tightening torque, and verifying the simulation calculation by adopting a modal test and a basic excitation response test;
and analyzing the influence rule of the bolt tightening torque, the clamp span and the pipe body length on the natural frequency of the double-clamp pipeline system.
2. The method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft pipeline considering bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein the modal test is to obtain the natural frequency and vibration mode of the pipeline system by a hammering method.
3. The method for modeling an aircraft pipeline considering bolt connection and analyzing vibration characteristics according to claim 1,
and selecting the corrected finite element model as the simulation model, applying different tightening torques to the bolt, and analyzing the natural frequency of the pipeline hoop bolt under different tightening torques.
4. The method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft pipeline considering bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein the inherent frequency of the pipeline system within 2000Hz at different hoop spans is analyzed by fixing a hoop at one end of the pipeline, adjusting the position of the hoop at the other end, and verifying the accuracy of simulation calculation through experiments.
5. The method for modeling and analyzing vibration characteristics of an aircraft pipeline considering bolt connection according to claim 1, wherein the change law of the fundamental frequency of pipelines with different lengths under different tightening torques is analyzed.
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| CN110348141B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2022-12-23 | 东北大学 | Method for rapidly analyzing vibration of external pipeline system of aero-engine |
| CN112417741B (en) * | 2020-12-15 | 2024-02-02 | 东北大学 | Modeling method for rigidity of single metal felt clamp |
| CN113432816B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-10-25 | 中北大学 | Method for testing and controlling unevenness of connection rigidity of aero-engine rotor |
| CN114757078B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2024-10-01 | 大连理工大学 | Pipeline system vibration and response characteristic analysis method considering parameter uncertainty |
| CN114818148B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-13 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Equivalent design method of airplane key component in vibration test |
| CN116484512B (en) * | 2023-06-22 | 2023-09-01 | 西北工业大学 | Identification method for pre-tightening state of disc-drum rotor of aero-engine |
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