CN109893770B - Laser fat dissolving system with coupled laser fat dissolving, skin surface temperature measurement and spray cooling - Google Patents
Laser fat dissolving system with coupled laser fat dissolving, skin surface temperature measurement and spray cooling Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser fat dissolving system with coupled laser fat dissolving, skin surface temperature measurement and spray cooling. Meanwhile, the skin surface temperature can be monitored in real time, and the temperatures of the epidermal layer, the dermal layer and the fat layer are obtained through calculation. The invention controls the temperature of the fat layer within the fat dissolving working range and avoids the thermal damage of the epidermis layer and the dermis layer by regulating and controlling the laser parameter and the spray cooling parameter and monitoring in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser biomedical engineering medical instruments, in particular to an accurate intelligent noninvasive fat dissolving device combining laser fat dissolving of a treatment area, skin surface temperature measurement and spray cooling in a laser fat dissolving process.
Background
Laser liposolution is a fat reduction method in which fat cells are ablated by photothermal action or light modulation action of laser light by applying laser energy to the fat cells. The existing noninvasive external laser liposolution generally has two wavelength ranges, namely, a laser beam with the wavelength of 630-680 nm is adopted to directly irradiate local skin, and the laser beam penetrates through the complete skin to act on adipose tissues so as to melt fat cells. The treatment is usually carried out by irradiating the powder for about 30 minutes with 10-17 mW laser energy, and the girth of the waist, the hip and the like can be reduced by about 8-9 cm after multiple treatments. The other method is to directly irradiate local skin with laser with 1060nm wavelength to perform ultrahigh-temperature fat dissolving, the skin is cooled in a contact manner by a sapphire window, the treatment time is 25 minutes in total, and the fat content can be reduced by 24% when the abdominal region is treated.
Although the clinical efficacy of external laser liposolysis is remarkable, a plurality of problems still remain to be solved in the liposolysis mode.
The laser fat dissolving with the wavelength of 630-680 nm has the following problems:
1. the simple laser liposolfaction treatment method is only suitable for some parts with thin fat, such as the face, neck, upper arm, waist and the like, and cannot be used for treating the whole body or parts with thick fat alone. Treatment of thicker areas of fat requires higher laser energy, which can cause skin burns.
2. The operation level requirement of doctors is high, the operation cost is high, the operation action time is long, and the operation frequency is high.
3. The laser dosage mainly depends on clinical data and doctor experience, and the quantitative research on the relationship between the laser dosage and the fat amount is less.
4. The laser liposolution operation may cause complications such as skin burn, and the measurement of the skin surface temperature is mostly judged by touching the skin surface with hands of a doctor, so that misjudgment is easy, and the requirement on the doctor is high.
Laser liposolution at 1060nm wavelength has the following problems:
1. ideal candidate patients are non-obese patients with a body mass index of no more than 30, eliminating recalcitrant fat that is ineffective for diet and exercise. It cannot be used alone for treatment of the whole body area or the part with thick fat, and the treatment of the part with thick fat requires higher laser energy.
2. Fat and water in adipose tissue both absorb laser light with a wavelength of 1060nm, which is not favorable for absorption of laser energy by fat.
Aiming at the problems of the external laser liposolution, a device which can improve the treatment effect, increase the treatment volume, reduce the treatment times and the treatment time, protect skin tissues from being burnt in the treatment process, monitor the surface temperature of the skin in real time and control liposolution parameters is needed to achieve a better laser liposolution effect.
The principle of 1210nm noninvasive external laser fat dissolving is a selective photothermal effect. The fat layer of human skin mainly contains 80% of fatty acid and 18% of water, and experimental research shows that under the action of 1210nm laser, the absorption of the 1210nm wavelength laser by fat is higher than that of water, so that the 1210nm wavelength laser can realize selective photothermal effect absorption of fat, and the fat dissolving effect is good. The laser energy is converted into heat energy, fat cells are selectively heated to 50-65 ℃, so that the fat cells are damaged, broken fat cell fragments are phagocytized by macrophages and metabolized by blood lymph, the number of the fat cells is reduced, and the effect of losing weight and shaping is achieved.
However, normal skin tissue (e.g., epidermis and dermis) also absorbs 1210nm wavelength laser light, which if too high of a laser energy, results in irreversible thermal damage to normal epidermal and dermal tissue. Therefore, in laser liposuction, not only is it important to reach the liposolution temperature of the adipose layer, but also the spatially selective cold protection of the epidermis and dermis. At present, the 1060nm external laser grease dissolution adopts sapphire contact cooling, and the use of laser energy is limited due to low cooling efficiency.
The refrigerant transient spray cooling is a high-efficiency cooling mode which sprays refrigerant on the surface of the skin for a certain time and couples various heat transfer modes of forced convection, boiling phase change and surface evaporation, can realize dynamic cooling of the epidermis, is better applied to clinical operations of laser treatment of vascular skin diseases (such as wine stains), can reduce the thermal damage of the laser to the epidermis and improve the cure rate of patients. However, millisecond-level continuous spraying is adopted for treating wine stains by laser at present, the continuous spraying time is too short, the cooling capacity in the depth direction is insufficient, and the skin is frostbitten due to too long continuous spraying time. There is therefore a need to explore more efficient ways of applying high heat flux density spray cooling.
The infrared thermal imager uses an infrared detector and an optical imaging objective to receive an infrared radiation energy distribution pattern of a detected target and reflects the infrared radiation energy distribution pattern on a photosensitive element of the infrared detector so as to obtain an infrared thermal image, the thermal image corresponds to a thermal distribution field on the surface of an object, and different colors on the thermal image represent different temperatures of the detected object.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser fat dissolving system with coupled laser fat dissolving, skin surface temperature measurement and spray cooling, which can safely and effectively improve the laser fat dissolving effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a laser fat dissolving system comprises a laser module, a spray cooling module, an infrared temperature measuring module and a fat dissolving temperature control module, wherein the laser module is used for outputting non-invasive external infrared wavelength laser, the spray cooling module is used for cooling a target skin area (namely a treatment area) irradiated by the infrared wavelength laser before laser fat dissolving or in the laser fat dissolving process along the depth direction, the infrared temperature measuring module is used for measuring the skin surface temperature of the target skin area before laser fat dissolving or in the laser fat dissolving process, the fat dissolving temperature control module is used for calculating fat dissolving treatment parameters according to a skin tissue multilayer uniform model of the target skin area and regulating and controlling the laser fat dissolving flow and/or fat dissolving treatment parameters in real time according to the skin surface temperature of the target skin area measured by the infrared temperature measuring module in the laser fat dissolving process, maintaining the temperature of the subcutaneous fat layer and the corresponding epidermal and dermal layers of the targeted skin area within a threshold range, the liposoluble treatment parameters including pulse width, energy density, and spray time, duty cycle, and number of sprays of the infrared wavelength laser.
Preferably, the infrared wavelength laser is selected from near infrared bands of 900-1400 nm, such as 1210nm laser.
Preferably, the control parameters of the laser module comprise the pulse width and the energy density of the infrared wavelength laser, the pulse width of the infrared wavelength laser is 1 ms-60 s, and the energy density is 20-500J/cm2One or more laser shots are performed depending on the fat thickness.
Preferably, the control parameters of the spray cooling module comprise spray time, duty ratio and spray frequency of spray cooling, the spray time of the spray cooling is 5-100 ms, the duty ratio is 0.001-0.1, and the spray frequency is 1-15.
Preferably, the laser module comprises an optical fiber, a laser emission module connected with one end of the optical fiber, and a laser collimation and beam expansion device connected with the other end of the optical fiber, the spray cooling module comprises a refrigerant liquid storage tank, an electromagnetic valve connected with the refrigerant liquid storage tank, and a nozzle connected with the electromagnetic valve, and the infrared temperature measurement module comprises a thermal infrared imager.
Preferably, the system further comprises a fusion treatment handle integrating the thermal infrared imager, the electromagnetic valve, the nozzle and the laser collimation and beam expansion device.
Preferably, the systemic lipolysis treatment procedure comprises the following steps: firstly, a spray cooling module carries out multi-pulse type refrigerant spray cooling on a target skin area, and a laser module irradiates infrared wavelength laser to the target skin area at the spray cooling ending moment, so that laser energy acts on subcutaneous adipose tissues of the target skin area, and laser fat dissolving is realized.
Preferably, the skin tissue multilayer uniformity model is established by obtaining the depth of the skin tissue of the corresponding layer of the target skin region through inverse calculation by a conjugate gradient method according to the skin surface temperature change of the target skin region measured by the infrared temperature measurement module and different thermal properties of an epidermal layer, a dermal layer and a subcutaneous fat layer of the skin tissue.
Preferably, the fat dissolving treatment parameter is determined by calculating the thickness of subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin region according to the calculated thickness of subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin region and performing trial calculation on the skin tissue temperature field of the target skin region by using a heat transfer model, according to the skin tissue temperature field, if the temperature of subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin region is within a fat dissolving temperature threshold value and the temperature of corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue is within a thermal injury safety threshold value, using the infrared wavelength laser pulse width and energy density value as the control parameter values of the laser module, and if the temperature of corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue is not within the thermal injury safety threshold value, using the skin tissue temperature field at the end of spray cooling as the initial temperature field of the laser applied to the skin tissue, and obtaining the control parameter values of the skin spray cooling module and the infrared wavelength laser pulse width and energy density number coupled with the control parameter values through trial calculation The value is obtained.
Preferably, in the fat dissolving treatment process, the thermal infrared imager monitors the skin surface temperature in real time, the temperature field of the corresponding skin tissue is calculated according to the measured skin surface temperature of the target skin area, and if the temperature of the subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin area is not within the fat dissolving temperature threshold value, or the temperatures of the corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue are not within the thermal injury safety threshold value, the treatment is stopped.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention combines laser noninvasive external fat dissolving, refrigerant spray cooling skin cold protection and infrared skin temperature measurement into a treatment system, obtains the thickness of a fat layer through inverse calculation of the measured skin surface temperature, and obtains refrigerant spray cooling parameters and laser parameters required by fat dissolving through calculation according to the thickness of the fat layer. Meanwhile, the temperature of the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the fat layer can be obtained through calculation according to the skin surface temperature monitored in real time so as to control the laser fat dissolving process, so that the temperature of the fat layer can be controlled within the fat dissolving working range, and the thermal damage of the epidermis layer and the dermis layer can be avoided.
Furthermore, the invention utilizes the selective photothermal effect of 1210nm laser to carry out external laser fat dissolving of the human body, effectively improves the fat dissolving treatment effect, reduces the treatment time and the treatment times and has non-invasiveness.
Furthermore, the invention can increase the cooling depth by using a pulse type refrigerant spray cooling mode before laser fat dissolving, so that normal skin tissues are not burnt in the laser fat dissolving process.
Furthermore, three functions of laser fat dissolving, skin spray cooling and skin infrared temperature measurement can be realized by the fusion treatment handle, so that the operation of doctors is more convenient and visualized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a treatment system;
FIG. 2 is one of the control software flow diagrams;
FIG. 3 is a second flowchart of the control software;
FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a fusion treatment handle;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the fusion treatment handle;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a display screen and an operating panel;
in the figure: the system comprises a laser module, a 2-spray cooling module, a 3-infrared temperature measurement module, a 4-fusion treatment handle, 5-control software, a 6-system controller, a 7-temperature display screen, 8-ventilation openings, 9-high-pressure hoses, 10-electromagnetic valves, 11-nozzles, 12-optical fibers, 13-laser collimation and beam expansion devices, 14-control wires, 15-thermal infrared imagers, 16-power supply control buttons, 17-fat thickness measurement buttons, 18-intelligent calculation buttons, 19-treatment buttons, 20-laser parameter setting buttons, 21-spray parameter setting buttons and 22-control display screen.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention adopts an 1210nm external non-invasive laser fat dissolving device and is matched with a high-efficiency refrigerant transient spray cooling device and a thermal infrared imager, and establishes a non-invasive external laser fat dissolving system according to the selective photo-thermal absorption principle of fat to 1210nm wavelength laser, the multi-pulse refrigerant spray cooling principle and the infrared temperature measurement principle. The laser fat dissolving system calculates the thickness of a fat layer through control software, controls a laser fat dissolving process and laser parameters, is assisted with a multi-pulse type refrigerant spray cooling system to carry out cold protection on skin before treatment, and accurately controls fat dissolving temperature according to skin surface temperature measured by a thermal infrared imager, so that an intelligent accurate noninvasive fat dissolving treatment system is established.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a lipolysis treatment system comprising: the device comprises a laser module 1, a skin spray cooling module 2, an infrared temperature measuring module 3, a fusion treatment handle 4, control software 5 and a system controller 6.
The laser module 1 consists of a laser emitting module, a laser diode driver, a laser diode driving controller, a thermoelectric cooling module, a precise linear voltage and current stabilizing power supply, a power supply connecting wire and an optical fiber 12, wherein the laser diode driving controller is connected with a system controller 6; the laser emission module is connected with the laser diode driver through an electric wire; the laser diode driver is connected with the laser diode driving controller and is controlled by the laser diode driving controller; the thermoelectric cooling module and the laser emission module are bonded by silica gel and provide contact type cold protection; the laser emission module is externally connected with an optical fiber 12 to emit laser, and the precise linear voltage and current stabilizing power supply is connected with the laser emission module to provide current. The laser module 1 adopts 1210nm wavelength laser with selective photothermal effect to carry out non-invasive external fat dissolving, the empirical value of pulse width is 1 ms-60 s, and the energy isThe empirical value of the density is 20-500J/cm2One or more irradiations are performed depending on the fat thickness. The laser beam generated by the laser module 1 is externally arranged on the skin surface through the optical fiber 12 and the laser collimation and beam expansion device 13, and the output laser beam can penetrate through the epidermis layer and the dermis layer to reach the fat layer for non-invasive fat dissolving. Through the selective photothermal absorption effect of the fat cells on 1210nm laser, the fat cells are thermally damaged to dissolve fat.
The skin spray cooling module 2 comprises a refrigerant liquid storage tank, a nitrogen cylinder, a pressure gauge, a pressure release valve, a high-pressure hose 9, an electromagnetic valve 10 and a nozzle 11; the refrigerant storage tank is connected with the inlet end of the electromagnetic valve 10 through a high-pressure hose 9, and the nozzle 11 is arranged at the outlet end of the electromagnetic valve 10; the nitrogen cylinder is connected with the refrigerant liquid storage tank through another high-pressure hose 9, and high-pressure nitrogen gas in the nitrogen cylinder is used for guaranteeing that the pressure in the refrigerant liquid storage tank maintains at the constant value, guarantees the invariant of pulse spraying's pressure, and pressure table and relief valve can be installed to the nitrogen cylinder export, can control refrigerant liquid storage tank internal pressure through the relief valve. The solenoid valve 10 is connected to the system controller 6. The skin spray cooling module 2 adopts a continuous or modulated pulse mode to spray, and the output modulated pulse mode is a continuous output mode with adjustable duty ratio. Through the adjustment to three parameters of spraying time, duty cycle, and spraying number of times, before laser irradiation skin, adopt the mode of many pulse spray cooling to carry out spray cooling to skin, can realize the selectivity cooling to epidermis and genuine leather time and space in laser fat dissolving treatment process, wherein, the empirical value scope of many pulse spray cooling parameter is: the spraying time is 5-100 ms, the duty ratio is 0.001-0.1, and the spraying times are 1-15. In order to meet the fat dissolving requirements of different depths and thicknesses, the personalized laser and spray coupling parameters can be calculated through the control software 5.
The infrared temperature measurement module 3 comprises a thermal infrared imager 15, and the thermal infrared imager 15 is connected with the system controller 6 through a control wire 14. The infrared temperature measurement module monitors the temperature change of the skin surface in the laser irradiation process in real time through the thermal infrared imager 15 and transmits the temperature change to the control software 5 in the system controller 6.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the fusion treatment handle 4 aligns the laser beam-expanding device 13, the nozzle 11 and the solenoid valve 10, and the thermal infrared imager 15 is packaged in a handle panel, a high-pressure hose 9 connected with the electromagnetic valve 10, an optical fiber 12 connected with the laser collimation and beam expansion device 13 and a control wire 14 of the thermal infrared imager 15 are led out from the tail end of the handle panel, the head end (laser and refrigerant output end) of the handle panel is provided with vents 8 (two vents 8 are respectively arranged on the front and back surfaces of the panel and used for discharging the refrigerant to the outside of the fusion treatment handle 4 after the nozzle 11 sprays the refrigerant to the skin, so that the influence of refrigerant aggregation on laser propagation is reduced), and the laser beam output position of the laser collimation and beam expansion device 13 (the diameter of a laser emission light spot of the laser collimation and beam expansion device 13 is 5-30 mm) is positioned in the center of the fusion treatment handle 4. The front surface of the handle panel is also provided with a temperature display screen 7, and the temperature display screen 7 is connected with the system controller 6 and is used for displaying the skin surface temperature and the fat layer temperature change in real time. The fusion treatment handle 4 can realize three functions of laser fat dissolving, skin spray cooling and skin infrared temperature measurement.
The system controller 6 utilizes the control software 5 to control the laser module 1 to output laser in a corresponding mode according to the setting, control the skin spray cooling module 2 to spray in a corresponding mode according to the setting, and control the linkage among the laser module 1, the skin spray cooling module 2 and the infrared temperature measurement module 3. Specifically, the system controller 6 controls whether the laser module 1 emits laser light, emits continuous or pulse laser light, and controls the magnitude of the output power of the laser module 1 through the fusion treatment handle 4; controlling whether the skin spray cooling module 2 sprays through the fusion treatment handle 4, and continuously spraying or modulating pulse spraying; and controlling the opening and closing of the thermal infrared imager 15.
The system controller 6 intelligently controls the driving power supply (the precise linear voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply) to output driving current to the laser emission module in the laser module 1 according to instructions and data input by the control software 5 or the human-computer interaction interface, so that the laser emission module emits laser. The continuous and modulated pulse mode laser can be output according to the setting, wherein once the continuous mode is selected and executed, the system controller 6 controls the driving power supply to output continuous current, so that the laser is continuously output and continuously irradiates a treatment area below the fusion treatment handle 4; once the modulation pulse mode is selected and executed, the system controller 6 controls the driving power supply to output modulation current according to a set duty ratio, so that the laser continuously outputs modulation laser to irradiate a treatment region below the fusion treatment handle 4. The continuous pulse and the modulation pulse of the skin spray cooling module 2 are respectively controlled by a system controller 6 to control an electromagnetic valve driving power supply to output continuous current or output modulation current according to a set duty ratio, wherein once the continuous mode is selected and executed, the controller 6 controls the electromagnetic valve driving power supply of the skin spray cooling module 2 to output continuous current so as to continuously output spray; once the modulation pulse mode is selected and executed, the controller 6 controls the solenoid driving power supply of the skin spray cooling module 2 to output a modulation current according to a set duty ratio, so that the nozzle 11 outputs a pulse spray.
The control software 5 calculates the fat dissolving treatment parameters (laser parameters or laser and pulse spray coupling parameters) by estimating the thickness of the fat layer and combining a heat transfer model, and accurately controls the fat dissolving temperature according to the measured skin surface temperature. The control software 5 includes three models and interfaces between the models. The first model inversely calculates the thickness of the fat layer under the skin through the skin surface temperature measured by the thermal infrared imager 15; the second model calculates laser or laser and pulse spray coupling parameters required by fat dissolution according to the thickness of the fat layer obtained by the first model; and in the treatment process, the third model inversely calculates the temperature fields of the epidermal layer, the dermal layer and the fat layer according to the skin surface temperature monitored by the thermal infrared imager 15 in real time, and stops treatment when the temperature fields exceed the temperature alarm threshold, so that the skin temperature in treatment is controlled, the thermal injury of the epidermal layer and the dermal layer is avoided, and the temperature of the fat layer is ensured to be within the fat dissolving temperature threshold.
The control software 5 has the following calculation flow, see fig. 2 and fig. 3:
and (3) establishing and calculating an infrared fat thickness measurement model (a first model). The skin surface temperature is measured by the thermal infrared imager 15, the thicknesses of the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer of the skin are calculated and estimated, and a skin tissue multilayer uniform model is established. Utensil for cleaning buttockThe body is used for fixing the fusion treatment handle 4 on a treatment area of a human body, the acting pulse width is 100ms, and the energy density is 10-20J/cm2The 1210m laser is used for raising the temperature of the skin in the treatment area, the temperature change of the surface of the skin is measured by a thermal infrared imager, and the depth of each layer is inversely calculated by a conjugate gradient method according to different thermal physical properties of an epidermal layer, a dermal layer and a subcutaneous fat layer of the skin tissue.
Establishing and calculating a laser and pulse spray cooling treatment parameter estimation model (second model) according to the subcutaneous fat layer thickness calculated above as an initial condition.
In the process that laser acts on skin tissue, because the action time of the laser is very short, according to the Pennes biological heat transfer equation, the metabolic effect of the biological tissue is neglected, and the energy equation of three layers of skin tissue of the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer can be simplified as follows:
wherein ρ is density/kg · m-3C is specific heat capacity/J.kg-1·K-1T (r, z, T) is tissue temperature/DEG C, r and z represent radial and axial/m of skin tissue, respectively, T is time/s, k is the thermal conductivity of the tissue/W.m-1·K-1，tpIs the laser pulse width/s, the subscripts e, d, s represent the physical quantities of the epidermal, dermal and subcutaneous fat layers, respectively, and ▽ is the laplace operator.
Q is the laser energy absorbed by the biological tissue per unit volume:
Q[i,j]＝E·πR2·D[i,j](2)
wherein E is the incident light intensity (energy density)/J.cm of the laser pulse-2R is the radius/cm of laser irradiation, D [ i, j ]]Is the photon deposition rate.
The photon deposition rate per unit volume is calculated by the multilayer Monte Carlo method:
where A [ i, j ] is the amount of photon deposition per grid and N is the refractive index of the skin tissue of each layer.
In order to calculate the laser parameter (laser pulse width t) required for the fat layer with corresponding thickness to reach the fat dissolving thermal damage temperature threshold (50-65 ℃), andpand energy density E), first selecting an initial laser pulse width t from a laser parameter database (the database is an empirical value of the corresponding fat thickness calculated in advance) according to the fat thicknesspAnd energy density E, calculating to obtain photon deposition rates in different parts of unit volumes in skin tissues according to a formula (3), calculating laser energy absorbed by biological tissues after laser action in the unit volumes according to a formula (2), calculating to obtain the temperatures of an epidermal layer, a dermal layer and a subcutaneous fat layer after the laser action through a formula (1), and performing iterative trial calculation by judging the condition that the fat-dissolving thermal injury temperature threshold is within 50-65 ℃ to obtain laser parameters required for enabling the fat layer temperature to reach 50-65 ℃.
Fat solubilization (i.e., no spray parameters) is performed as calculated parameters if the epidermal and dermal temperatures are less than 47 deg.C. Otherwise, when the epidermal and dermal temperatures are greater than 47 ℃, pulse spray cooling parameters are calculated in order to protect the epidermal and dermal layers of the skin from thermal damage from the laser energy. Selecting initial pulse spray cooling parameters from a corresponding spray cooling parameter database (the database is an empirical value of corresponding fat thickness obtained by taking a measurement experiment result of the temperature of the simulated skin body cooled by refrigerant pulse spray as a boundary condition and performing pre-calculation), and calculating heat exchange on the surface of the skin as the boundary condition of the upper surface of the skin by adopting a Newton cooling formula on the surface of the skin:
wherein k iseIs the thermal conductivity/W.m of the epidermal tissue-1·K-1T is the temperature of the skin tissue/K, z is the depth of the skin tissue/m, hiFor convective heat transfer coefficient of air, TiIs the temperature of air/K.
Then, a skin tissue temperature field at the moment when the spraying action is finished is calculated by setting Q to be 0 in equation (1) and is used as an initial temperature field of the skin tissue acted by the laser, a skin tissue temperature field under the coupling action of laser irradiation after pulse spraying (when the pulse spraying frequency is 1, continuous spraying) is calculated by equation (1), and a multi-pulse spraying cooling parameter which enables the temperature of a fat layer to be controlled within a fat dissolving temperature threshold value of 50-65 ℃ and enables the temperature of the epidermis and the dermis to be under a thermal injury safety threshold value of 47 ℃ is obtained by iterative trial calculation.
The thickness of the skin layer of the human body is 0.05-0.07 mm, the thickness of the dermis layer is 0.3-3 mm, and the thickness of the fat layer is 3-20 mm. Through the fusion treatment handle of the fat dissolving treatment system, epoxy resin is used as a skin imitation body, the imitation body heat transfer characteristic experimental study is carried out, the temperature of the surface and the inner part of the epoxy resin after spraying is measured according to the thickness of an epidermal layer and a dermal layer, the combination of pulse spray cooling parameters with better cooling effect is obtained and stored in a spray cooling parameter database, the surface heat flux density is calculated by measuring the surface temperature value, and the surface heat flux density is substituted into a formula (4) to serve as the boundary condition of the upper surface of the skin. According to the thickness of each layer of human skin, calculating the laser parameter group of which the fat layer temperature can reach 50-65 ℃ under different fat layer thicknesses in the corresponding thickness interval range through formulas (1), (2) and (3) and storing the laser parameter group into a laser parameter database.
And (3) establishing and calculating a real-time monitoring model (third model) in the treatment process. The thermal infrared imager 15 monitors the skin surface temperature in real time in the treatment process, the skin surface temperature is used as a boundary condition, the internal temperature of the skin is calculated through a formula (1), and when the temperature of the epidermis and the dermis is more than or equal to 47 ℃ and the temperature of the fat layer is 50-65 ℃, an alarm is given and the treatment is stopped.
Referring to fig. 6, the human-computer interface of the fat dissolving treatment system includes a control display screen 22 and an operation panel, and the operation panel has a power control button 16, a fat thickness measuring button 17, an intelligent calculating button 18, a treatment button 19, a laser parameter setting button 20, and a spray parameter setting button 21.
The treatment system comprises the following operation steps when in use:
(1) the power control button 16 is turned on to transmit a signal to the system controller 6 for turning on the power of the laser module 1, the skin spray cooling module 2 and the thermal infrared imager 15.
(2) The fusion treatment handle 4 is fixed on the treatment area of the human body.
(3) And starting the fat thickness measuring button 17, calculating the thickness of the fat layer through the control software 5 according to the measuring result of the thermal infrared imager 15, and displaying the thickness of the fat layer on the control display screen 22.
(4) The intelligent calculation button 18 is started, the control software 5 calculates the laser working pulse width and energy, the spraying time, the duty ratio and the spraying frequency required by fat dissolution according to the thickness of the fat layer, and the information is displayed on the control display screen 22.
(5) After confirming the above treatment parameters, the treatment button 19 is turned on to start the laser liposoluble treatment. In the treatment process, according to the treatment parameters, the system controller 6 controls the nozzle 11 to spray on the surface of the skin, and then the system controller 6 controls the laser collimation and beam expansion device 13 to emit laser with corresponding parameters to a treatment area.
(6) After the treatment button 19 is turned on, the thermal infrared imager 15 is turned on simultaneously, the temperature change of the skin surface during the treatment process is monitored in real time and displayed on the control display screen 22 and the temperature display screen 7 until the treatment is finished. In the working process of the thermal infrared imager 15, the control software 5 automatically calculates the temperature of the fat layer and the temperature fields of the epidermis and the dermis and displays the temperature fields on the control display screen 22 and the temperature display screen 7. When the temperature of the epidermis layer or the dermis layer exceeds 47 ℃, the temperature of the fat layer is out of the range of 50-65 ℃, the control software 5 automatically sends a signal to the system controller 6 and gives an alarm, the fat thickness is measured again according to infrared temperature measurement, and the fat dissolving treatment parameters are recalculated or the power control button 16 is controlled to stop treatment. The above operations are carried out until the laser liposolving treatment is finished.
(7) According to the treatment requirement, the pulse width and energy of the laser, the spraying time, the duty ratio and the spraying times of the spraying can be manually set through the laser parameter setting button 20 and the spraying parameter setting button 21.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the noninvasive external selective photothermal effect fat dissolving device comprises: the fat is dissolved by utilizing the selective photo-thermal effect of fat in fat tissues, which has high absorption of laser energy with the wavelength of 1210nm relative to water, and the dissolving efficiency is high. The invention relates to an external laser fat dissolving device with selective photothermal effect, which has non-invasiveness.
2. The first time, the simulation calculation and experimental measurement show that the multi-pulse refrigerant spray cooling can be cooled to the depth of human skin tissue dermis layer, and the multi-pulse refrigerant spray cooling is applied to the skin cold protection of laser fat dissolving epidermis and dermis for the first time: the treatment system is additionally provided with a skin refrigerant spray cooling device, so that the thermal injury to the epidermis and the dermis of the human skin at the treatment part can be avoided on the premise of increasing the laser dose, improving the fat dissolving treatment effect and reducing the treatment times and the treatment time.
3. The temperature measurement of the thermal infrared imager is intelligent and accurate. The thermal infrared imager is added in the treatment system, the surface temperature of the skin can be monitored in real time in the treatment process, the temperature of each layer of the skin is calculated through software, and the laser treatment energy and the spray cooling on and off are controlled in time. And measuring the surface temperature by using a thermal infrared imager, estimating the thickness of the fat layer, and accurately controlling the fat dissolving temperature by combining a heat transfer model.
4. The software calculates the personalized laser and spray cooling coupled treatment parameters. The fat dissolving requirements of adipose tissues with different depths and different thicknesses are met by calculating the customized laser and spray cooling matching mode and parameters.
5. A fusion treatment handle. The treatment system adopts a fusion treatment handle, three components of a laser action optical fiber collimating device, a spray cooling nozzle and a thermal infrared imager are integrated on the treatment handle, three functions of treatment are fused on one handle, and the convenience of operation of doctors in the treatment process is improved.
6. The invention solves the problems that the prior external laser liposolution process has low laser energy, can only treat parts with thinner local fat, has long treatment time and more times, lacks basis for laser parameter adjustment, has no effective skin cooling mode and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A laser fat dissolving system is characterized in that: the system comprises a laser module (1), a spray cooling module (2), an infrared temperature measurement module (3) and a fat dissolving temperature control module, wherein the laser module (1) is used for outputting non-invasive external infrared wavelength laser to the surface of the skin of a target skin area, the spray cooling module (2) is used for cooling the target skin area irradiated by the infrared wavelength laser in the depth direction before laser fat dissolving or in the laser fat dissolving process, the infrared temperature measurement module (3) is used for measuring the skin surface temperature of the target skin area before laser fat dissolving or in the laser fat dissolving process, the fat dissolving temperature control module is used for calculating fat dissolving treatment parameters according to a skin tissue multilayer uniform model of the target skin area and regulating and controlling the laser fat dissolving flow and/or the fat dissolving treatment parameters in real time according to the skin surface temperature of the target skin area measured by the infrared temperature measurement module (3) in the laser fat dissolving process, maintaining the temperature of the subcutaneous fat layer and the corresponding epidermal and dermal layers of the targeted skin area within a threshold range, the liposoluble treatment parameters including pulse width, energy density, and spray time, duty cycle, and number of sprays of the infrared wavelength laser; the pulse width of the infrared wavelength laser is 1 ms-60 s, and the energy density is 20-500J/cm2Spraying time of spraying and cooling is 5-100 ms, duty ratio is 0.001-0.1, and spraying times are 1-15 times;
the infrared wavelength laser is selected from a near-infrared band of 900-1400 nm;
the skin tissue multilayer uniform model is established by obtaining the depth of the skin tissue of the corresponding layer of the target skin area through inverse calculation by using a conjugate gradient method according to the skin surface temperature change of the target skin area measured by the infrared temperature measuring module (3) and different thermal physical properties of an epidermal layer, a dermal layer and a subcutaneous fat layer of the skin;
the fat dissolving treatment parameters are determined by trial calculation of the skin tissue temperature field of the target skin area by utilizing a heat transfer model according to the calculated thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin area, according to the skin tissue temperature field, if the temperature of the subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin area is within the fat dissolving temperature threshold value and the temperature of the corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue is within the thermal injury safety threshold value under the given infrared wavelength laser pulse width and energy density values, the infrared wavelength laser pulse width and energy density are used as the control parameter values of the laser module (1), if the temperature of the corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue is not within the thermal injury safety threshold, the skin tissue temperature field at the spray cooling ending moment is used as an initial temperature field, and a control parameter value of the skin spray cooling module (2) and an infrared wavelength laser pulse width and energy density value coupled with the control parameter value are obtained through trial calculation;
during the laser action on the skin tissue, the energy equation of the three layers of skin tissue of the epidermis layer, the dermis layer and the subcutaneous fat layer can be simplified as follows:
wherein ρ is density/kg · m-3C is specific heat capacity/J.kg-1·K-1T (r, z, T) is tissue temperature/DEG C, r and z represent radial and axial/m of skin tissue, respectively, T is time/s, k is the thermal conductivity of the tissue/W.m-1·K-1，tpIs the laser pulse width/s, the subscripts e, d, s represent the physical quantities of the epidermal, dermal and subcutaneous fat layers, respectively, ▽ is the laplace operator;
q is the laser energy absorbed by the biological tissue per unit volume:
Q[i,j]＝E·πR2·D[i,j](2)
wherein E is the incident light intensity of the laser pulse/J.cm-2R is the radius/cm of laser irradiation, D [ i, j ]]Is the photon deposition rate;
the photon deposition rate per unit volume is calculated by the multilayer Monte Carlo method:
wherein A [ i, j ] is the photon deposition amount of each grid, and N is the refractive index of each layer of skin tissue;
in order to calculate the laser parameters required by the fat layer with the corresponding thickness to reach the fat dissolving thermal damage temperature threshold of 50-65 ℃, the initial laser pulse width t is selected from a laser parameter database according to the thickness of the fat layerpAnd energy density E, calculating to obtain photon deposition rates in different parts of unit volumes in skin tissues according to a formula (3), calculating laser energy absorbed by biological tissues after laser action in the unit volumes according to a formula (2), calculating to obtain the temperatures of an epidermal layer, a dermal layer and a subcutaneous fat layer after the laser action through a formula (1), and performing iterative trial calculation by judging the condition that the fat-dissolving thermal injury temperature threshold is within 50-65 ℃ to obtain laser parameters required for enabling the fat layer temperature to reach 50-65 ℃.
2. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control parameters of the laser module (1) comprise the pulse width and the energy density of the infrared wavelength laser.
3. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the control parameters of the spray cooling module (2) comprise spray time, duty ratio and spray times of spray cooling.
4. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser module (1) comprises an optical fiber (12), a laser emitting module connected with one end of the optical fiber (12) and a laser collimation and beam expanding device (13) connected with the other end of the optical fiber (12), the spray cooling module (2) comprises a refrigerant liquid storage tank, an electromagnetic valve (10) connected with the refrigerant liquid storage tank and a nozzle (11) connected with the electromagnetic valve (10), and the infrared temperature measuring module (3) comprises a thermal infrared imager (15).
5. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 4, characterized in that: the system also comprises a fusion treatment handle (4) integrating the thermal infrared imager (15), the electromagnetic valve (10), the nozzle (11) and the laser collimation and beam expansion device (13).
6. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the systemic lipolysis treatment process comprises the following steps: firstly, the spray cooling module (2) carries out multi-pulse type refrigerant spray cooling on a target skin area, and the laser module (1) irradiates infrared wavelength laser to the target skin area at the spray cooling ending time so that laser energy acts on subcutaneous adipose tissues of the target skin area.
7. The laser liposoluble system according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the fat dissolving process, the infrared temperature measuring module (3) monitors the skin surface temperature in real time, the corresponding skin tissue temperature field is obtained through calculation according to the measured skin surface temperature of the target skin area, and if the temperature of the subcutaneous fat layer of the target skin area is not within the fat dissolving temperature threshold value, or the temperature of the corresponding epidermal tissue and dermal tissue is not within the thermal injury safety threshold value, laser fat dissolving is stopped.
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