CN109888343B - Direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials and working method thereof - Google Patents
Direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials and a working method thereof.A methanol and a product are separately conveyed in the direct methanol fuel cell, and a stable downstream transmission flow path is formed in the integral process that the fuel cell integrally flows from liquid phase methanol to carbon dioxide and is discharged, so that the problems of insufficient methanol reaction, uneven methanol vapor concentration and the like caused by methanol and carbon dioxide mixing are solved, the stable and efficient operation of the anode side reaction is more facilitated, and the cell efficiency is improved; the extra heat generated in the operation process of the fuel cell is transferred to the methanol evaporation area, so that the operation temperature of the fuel cell is reduced, and the energy consumption is reduced; the carbon dioxide of the battery product enters the pneumatic diaphragm pump under the action of air pressure, the carbon dioxide shunt valve drives the pneumatic diaphragm pump to stably convey liquid-phase methanol to the methanol evaporation area, and power is provided for the liquid-phase methanol to enter the battery on the premise of no extra power consumption.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials and a working method thereof.
Background
The direct methanol fuel cell is considered to be one of the most promising mobile power supplies for electronic products by virtue of the advantages of simple structure, normal-temperature work, high system volumetric specific energy, convenient fuel storage and transportation and the like, and has wide application prospects in the fields of communication, traffic, national defense and the like, thereby becoming a hot point for research of numerous scholars at home and abroad. The electrode and cell reactions of a direct methanol fuel cell are as follows:
anodic reaction is CH3OH+H20→6H++6e-+CO2
The cathode reaction is 3/2O2+6H++6e-→3H2O
The total reaction of the cell is CH3OH+3/2O2→2H2O+CO2
At present, direct methanol fuel cells are mostly researched in the field of taking liquid methanol as fuel, but because methanol fuel cell fuel supply mostly needs to be mixed with water, the energy density of the fuel is reduced, and meanwhile, the problem of serious methanol penetration exists in the operation process, so that when a large amount of raw materials are wasted, the energy utilization rate is reduced, the performance of the cell is seriously weakened, and great difficulty is brought to the improvement of the performance of the methanol fuel cell.
Researches show that methanol can well reduce methanol penetration and further improve the utilization efficiency of methanol by participating in the reaction of the fuel cell in a steam form, but the fuel supply mode of the cell taking methanol steam as fuel is mostly an evaporation film evaporation form and an external heating device heating evaporation form, wherein the evaporation film evaporation form can not accurately control the flow of methanol in the use process, further influences the stable operation of the fuel cell, and the external heating device heating evaporation form increases the extra power consumption of the cell operation, further reduces the cell efficiency; the use of a fuel supply pump for liquid phase methanol supply also introduces additional power consumption that further reduces cell efficiency. Meanwhile, in the working process of a cell using methanol vapor as fuel, the problems of uneven methanol concentration distribution on the anode side, insufficient methanol reaction, difficult carbon dioxide discharge and the like often exist, which greatly affects the working efficiency of the fuel cell.
Therefore, in order to solve the problems of low efficiency, difficult distribution, easy leakage, etc. of the methanol fuel cell, a methanol fuel cell with high working efficiency, strong control precision and no extra power consumption is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a thermal balance material separation direct methanol fuel cell with high operation efficiency and stable output and a working method thereof, so that the mixing of methanol vapor and carbon dioxide is avoided, the cell efficiency is improved, and the extra power consumption is reduced.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose:
a direct methanol fuel cell with heat balance material separation comprises a cathode flow field plate, a cathode diffusion layer, a cathode catalysis layer, a membrane, an anode catalysis layer, an anode diffusion layer, a fuel product separation zone and a methanol evaporation zone which are arranged on a methanol fuel cell body;
wherein the membrane is connected with the cathode catalyst layer and the anode catalyst layer, the cathode diffusion layer is connected with the cathode flow field plate and the cathode catalyst layer, the anode diffusion layer is connected with the anode catalyst layer and the fuel product separation zone, and the fuel product separation zone is connected with the methanol evaporation zone and the anode diffusion layer;
the fuel product separation zone is a cavity internally distributed with methanol vapor flow channels, the cavity part is a carbon dioxide buffer zone, the cavity is communicated with the anode diffusion layer, and the fuel product separation zone is provided with a carbon dioxide outlet; one end of the methanol vapor flow passage is communicated with an outlet of a methanol evaporation pipeline in the methanol evaporation area, and the other end of the methanol vapor flow passage is communicated with the anode diffusion layer; the material in the methanol evaporation zone is a heat conducting material;
the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer are conductive materials with porous structures; a flow channel communicated with the cathode diffusion layer is processed on the inner side of the cathode flow field plate;
the wall surface of the methanol evaporation area is connected with the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body through an external methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline;
the inlet side of the methanol evaporation area is also provided with a pneumatic diaphragm pump, and the inlet of the pneumatic diaphragm pump is connected with a methanol storage tank; and a carbon dioxide outlet of the carbon dioxide buffer area is externally connected with a carbon dioxide splitter valve, and two outlets of the carbon dioxide splitter valve are respectively connected with the pneumatic diaphragm pump and the air.
Further, the methanol evaporation pipeline comprises a methanol compression section, a methanol evaporation section and a methanol diffusion section, wherein the methanol evaporation section is communicated with the methanol compression section and the methanol diffusion section.
Furthermore, the methanol compression section is of a gradually-reducing structure, the methanol evaporation section corresponds to the methanol compression section and the methanol diffusion section, and the methanol diffusion section is of a gradually-expanding structure.
Further, the methanol compression sections are distributed in the methanol evaporation area in a transverse and longitudinal array; the methanol evaporation sections are distributed in the methanol evaporation area in a horizontal and vertical array; the methanol diffusion sections are distributed in the methanol evaporation zone in a transverse and longitudinal array.
Further, the methanol vapor flow channel is communicated with the methanol diffusion section and distributed in the fuel product separation zone in an array mode.
Furthermore, the inner flow channel of the cathode flow field plate is a snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, a discontinuous flow channel or an interdigital flow channel.
Further, the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline is a heat pipe structure or a heat exchange pipeline with a heat exchange medium inside, and the heat pipe structure is a gravity type heat pipe, a liquid absorption core heat pipe or a rotary heat pipe.
Further, the anode diffusion layer and the cathode diffusion layer are made of metal materials or carbon materials.
Further, the carbon dioxide outlet is located at the upper side of the fuel product separation zone.
A working method of a direct methanol fuel cell with thermal equilibrium material separation comprises the following steps:
step S100: preparation and supply of methanol vapor:
after the methanol fuel cell is operated for a period of time in advance, high temperature generated on the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body exchanges heat with heat conducting materials in a methanol evaporation area through a methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline to assist in increasing the temperature of the methanol evaporation area, and the temperature of the wall surface of an internal structure of the methanol evaporation area is controlled by controlling the contact area of a cold end of the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline and the methanol evaporation area;
carbon dioxide of an anode product of the methanol fuel cell enters a pneumatic diaphragm pump through a carbon dioxide shunt valve to do work so that methanol flows into a methanol evaporation area, and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide; the liquid-phase pure methanol flows into a methanol evaporation pipeline through a pneumatic diaphragm pump, exchanges heat with the wall surface of a methanol evaporation area, and is heated and evaporated to generate methanol vapor; methanol vapor directly enters the anode diffusion layer through the methanol vapor flow channel to participate in cell reaction;
step S200: reaction and discharge of methanol vapor:
methanol vapor is uniformly distributed through the anode diffusion layer and further flows into the anode catalysis layer to perform oxidation reaction with water from the cathode side to generate carbon dioxide, electrons and protons, the carbon dioxide directly enters a carbon dioxide buffer zone isolated from the methanol vapor channel through the anode diffusion layer and is further discharged to the carbon dioxide shunt valve through a carbon dioxide outlet to perform circular driving, oxygen enters the cathode catalysis layer through the cathode flow field plate and the cathode diffusion layer, the protons from the anode side perform reduction reaction with the oxygen at the cathode catalysis layer to generate water, and the water passes through the membrane to enter the anode catalysis layer under the action of concentration difference to complete the discharge of the methanol fuel cell;
step S300: flowing and working of carbon dioxide:
and the anode product carbon dioxide flows to the carbon dioxide shunt valve from the carbon dioxide buffer zone through the carbon dioxide outlet in the fuel product separation zone, part of the carbon dioxide enters the pneumatic diaphragm pump to do work so that the methanol flows into the methanol evaporation zone, part of the carbon dioxide is discharged to the atmosphere, and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials is characterized in that a methanol evaporation area is provided with a methanol inlet and a methanol evaporation pipeline, a fuel product separation area is a cavity with methanol vapor flow passages distributed inside, the cavity is a carbon dioxide buffer area and is communicated with an anode diffusion layer, and the fuel product separation area is provided with a carbon dioxide outlet; the anode side adopts a novel downstream transmission structure, liquid-phase pure methanol is heated and evaporated through a methanol evaporation pipeline to generate methanol vapor, the methanol vapor directly flows into the anode diffusion layer through a methanol vapor flow channel, a reaction product directly flows back to a carbon dioxide buffer zone isolated from the methanol vapor flow channel in the fuel product separation zone and is discharged through a carbon dioxide shunt valve, the methanol and the product are separately conveyed, the fuel cell integrally forms a stable downstream transmission flow path in the integral process of flowing from the liquid-phase methanol to the carbon dioxide discharge, the problems of insufficient methanol reaction, uneven methanol vapor concentration and the like due to methanol and carbon dioxide mixing are solved, the stable and efficient operation of the anode side reaction is facilitated, and the cell efficiency is improved.
The wall surface of the methanol evaporation zone is connected with the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body through an external methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline, so that extra heat generated in the operation process of the fuel cell is transferred to the methanol evaporation zone, the operation temperature of the fuel cell is reduced, meanwhile, heat can be supplemented to the methanol evaporation zone to promote methanol evaporation, and the energy consumption is reduced.
The inlet side of the methanol evaporation area is also provided with a pneumatic diaphragm pump, two outlets of a carbon dioxide shunt valve are respectively connected with the pneumatic diaphragm pump and air, carbon dioxide of a battery product enters the pneumatic diaphragm pump under the action of air pressure, the carbon dioxide shunt valve drives the pneumatic diaphragm pump to stably convey liquid-phase methanol to the methanol evaporation area, and power is provided for the liquid-phase methanol to enter the battery on the premise of no extra power consumption.
Through the accurate control to the heat transfer volume of methanol work area and evaporation zone and to pneumatic diaphragm pump carbon dioxide supply volume, further obtain the methanol vapor of constant flow and participate in the battery reaction, realized methanol supply and evaporation process under the prerequisite of low-power consumption, and then promote methanol fuel cell's work efficiency and stability.
Methanol flows in and carbon dioxide is discharged to form a stable loop, so that the battery reaction is more stable and efficient; meanwhile, the utilization rate of methanol vapor is improved, and carbon dioxide collection and utilization are facilitated.
The methanol evaporation pipeline comprises a methanol compression section, a methanol evaporation section and a methanol diffusion section, wherein the methanol compression section is of a gradually-reducing structure, the methanol diffusion section is of a gradually-expanding structure, the methanol compression, evaporation and mixing processes in a methanol evaporation zone adopt the gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding structure to enable methanol to be gasified more efficiently, the power consumption in a heating process can be reduced to a greater extent, methanol vapor can be fully mixed, the methanol gasification efficiency and the mixing degree are improved, so that the methanol vapor can be stably and uniformly provided for the cell, accurate and uniform feeding in space and time is realized, and the direct methanol fuel cell which is accurate, efficient, stable in operation and continuous in output is provided.
The solar cell can utilize the structural advantages to adjust and distribute chemical energy, kinetic energy and heat in the process of heat and mass transfer in the cell in order, so that the cell is more stable, efficient and controllable, uniform methanol vapor can be accurately and efficiently produced on the premise of not needing additional power consumption, the output stable voltage of the fuel cell is accurately controlled, and the cell has the characteristics of accuracy, stability, energy conservation, high efficiency and the like.
According to the invention, the methanol compression section, the methanol evaporation section and the methanol diffusion section are transversely and longitudinally distributed in the methanol evaporation area in an array manner, methanol vapor directly and uniformly enters the electrode in an array distribution manner, so that the fuel is more uniformly distributed on the side of the electrode, the full reaction of the methanol vapor is facilitated, and the working efficiency of the cell is improved.
Meanwhile, the novel gradually-reducing and gradually-expanding structure is applied to a methanol evaporation area, and the methanol is uniformly diffused after being evaporated and directly enters a membrane electrode to participate in reaction, so that the extra power consumption is reduced; by using methanol vapor as fuel, methanol crossover can be greatly reduced and fuel energy density can be improved to further improve cell efficiency.
Compared with the traditional pervaporation technology, the method has the advantages that methanol vapor is provided for the cell, the heat exchange quantity of the methanol working area and the evaporation area and the carbon dioxide supply quantity of the pneumatic diaphragm pump are accurately controlled, the methanol vapor with constant flow is further obtained to participate in cell reaction, and the working efficiency and stability of the methanol fuel cell are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a direct methanol fuel cell system according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a direct methanol fuel cell methanol vapor flow path of the present invention;
in the figure: the system comprises a cathode flow field plate 1, a cathode diffusion layer 2, a cathode catalysis layer 3, a membrane 4, an anode catalysis layer 5, an anode diffusion layer 6, a fuel product separation zone 7, a methanol evaporation zone 8, a methanol inlet 9, a methanol compression section 10, a methanol evaporation section 11, a methanol diffusion section 12, a methanol vapor flow channel 13, a carbon dioxide buffer zone 14, a carbon dioxide outlet 15, a pneumatic diaphragm pump 16, a methanol storage tank 17, a methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline 18 and a carbon dioxide shunt valve 19.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the examples, but without limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the direct methanol fuel cell with separated thermal balance material of the present invention comprises a methanol fuel cell body, and a cathode flow field plate 1, a cathode diffusion layer 2, a cathode catalyst layer 3, a membrane 4, an anode catalyst layer 5, an anode diffusion layer 6, a fuel product separation zone 7 and a methanol evaporation zone 8 which are arranged on the methanol fuel cell body; wherein the membrane 4 is connected with the cathode catalyst layer 3 and the anode catalyst layer 5, the cathode diffusion layer 2 is connected with the cathode flow field plate 1 and the cathode catalyst layer 3, the anode diffusion layer 6 is connected with the anode catalyst layer 5 and the fuel product separation zone 7, and the fuel product separation zone 7 is connected with the methanol evaporation zone 8 and the anode diffusion layer 6.
The methanol evaporation zone 8 comprises a methanol inlet 9, a methanol compression section 10, a methanol evaporation section 11 and a methanol diffusion section 12, wherein the methanol evaporation section 11 is communicated with the methanol compression section 10 and the methanol diffusion section 12; the internal structure of the fuel product separation zone 7 comprises a methanol vapor flow passage 13, a carbon dioxide buffer zone 14 and a carbon dioxide outlet 15, wherein the methanol vapor flow passage 13 is communicated with the methanol diffusion section 12 and is distributed in the fuel product separation zone 7 in an array manner, and the carbon dioxide outlet 15 is positioned on the upper side of the fuel product separation zone 7.
The fuel product separation zone 7 is a cavity with methanol vapor flow channels 13 distributed in an array, the cavity part is a carbon dioxide buffer zone 14, the cavity is communicated with the anode diffusion layer 6, and the upper side of the cavity is provided with an opening which is a carbon dioxide outlet 15.
The inlet side of the methanol evaporation area 8 is also provided with a pneumatic diaphragm pump 16, and the inlet of the pneumatic diaphragm pump 16 is connected with a methanol storage tank 17; the wall surface of the methanol evaporation zone 8 is connected with the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body through an external methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline 18; the carbon dioxide outlet 15 of the carbon dioxide buffer zone 14 is connected with one end of a carbon dioxide diverter valve 19, and the other two outlet ends of the carbon dioxide diverter valve 19 are respectively connected with an air-operated diaphragm pump 16 and air.
The cathode flow field plate 1 is made of conductive materials such as metal materials and carbon materials, and channels are processed on the inner side of the cathode flow field plate 1 and comprise serpentine channels, parallel channels, discontinuous channels, interdigital channels and the like.
The cathode diffusion layer 2 and the anode diffusion layer 6 are made of a metal material having a porous structure or a conductive material such as a carbon material; the cathode catalyst layer 3 includes a catalyst having a catalytic reduction property; the diaphragm 4 is a proton exchange membrane with proton conductivity; the anode catalyst layer 5 includes a catalyst having catalytic oxidation properties; the material inside the methanol evaporation zone 8 is an electric heating material or a heat conducting material.
As shown in fig. 2, the methanol compression section 10 is a tapered structure, wherein the methanol compression section 10 is distributed in the methanol evaporation zone 8 in a horizontal and vertical array; the methanol evaporation section 11 corresponds to the methanol compression section 10 and the methanol diffusion section 12 and is distributed in the methanol evaporation area 8 in a transverse and longitudinal array; the methanol diffusion section 12 is of a divergent structure, wherein the methanol diffusion section 12 is distributed in the methanol evaporation area 8 in a transverse and longitudinal array; the methanol vapor flow channels 13 are correspondingly communicated with the outlets of the methanol diffusion sections 12 and are distributed in the fuel product separation zone 7 in a transverse and longitudinal array.
The carbon dioxide buffer zone 14 is a cavity part of the fuel product separation zone 7 except the methanol vapor flow passage 13, is isolated from the methanol vapor flow passage 13 and is communicated with a carbon dioxide outlet 15; the pneumatic diaphragm pump 16 is made of plastic, aluminum alloy, cast iron or stainless steel, and the diaphragm is made of nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, fluororubber, polytetrafluoroethylene or polytetraethylene; the methanol storage tank 17 is made of methanol-resistant materials, wherein the methanol-resistant materials comprise polyethylene or polyformaldehyde and the like; the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline 18 is a heat pipe structure or other heat exchange pipelines with heat exchange media inside, wherein the heat pipe structure comprises a gravity type heat pipe, a liquid absorption core heat pipe and a rotary heat pipe; the carbon dioxide flow divider 19 has a three-way valve structure with one inlet and two outlets.
The working method of the direct methanol fuel cell comprises the following steps:
step S100: preparation and supply of methanol vapor:
after the methanol fuel cell is operated for a period of time in advance, high temperature generated on the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body exchanges heat with heat conducting materials in the methanol evaporation zone 8 through the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline 18 to assist in increasing the temperature of the methanol evaporation zone 8, and the temperature of the wall surface of an internal structure of the methanol evaporation zone 8 is further controlled by controlling the contact area of the cold end of the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline 18 and the methanol evaporation zone 8; carbon dioxide of an anode product of the methanol fuel cell enters a pneumatic diaphragm pump 16 through a carbon dioxide shunt valve 19 to do work so that methanol flows into a methanol evaporation area 8, and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide; the liquid-phase pure methanol flows into the methanol compression section 10 through the pneumatic diaphragm pump 16, and is continuously compressed through the reducing structure to perform boosting and acting; high-pressure liquid-phase pure methanol flows into the methanol evaporation section 11 to exchange heat with the wall surface of the methanol evaporation zone 8, and the liquid-phase methanol is heated and evaporated to generate methanol vapor; the methanol vapor flows into the methanol diffusion section 12, is fully mixed through a divergent structure, and further directly flows to the anode of the fuel cell through the methanol vapor flow passage 13 to participate in cell reaction;
step S200: reaction and discharge of methanol vapor:
methanol vapor flows into the anode catalyst layer 5 through the methanol vapor flow channel 13 via the anode diffusion layer 6 to perform an oxidation reaction with water from the cathode side, so as to generate carbon dioxide, electrons and protons, the carbon dioxide directly enters the carbon dioxide buffer zone 14 isolated from the methanol vapor flow channel 13 through the anode diffusion layer 6 respectively and is further discharged to the carbon dioxide shunt valve 19 through the carbon dioxide outlet 15 to be circularly driven, the electrons are led into an external circuit, and the protons pass through the membrane 4 under the action of an electric field and migrate to the cathode catalyst layer 3; meanwhile, electrons enter the cathode catalyst layer 3 through the cathode diffusion layer 2 respectively through an external circuit, oxygen enters the cathode catalyst layer 3 through the cathode flow field plate 1 and the cathode diffusion layer 2 in an active or passive mode, protons from the anode side generate a reduction reaction with the oxygen in the cathode catalyst layer 3 to generate water, and the water enters the anode catalyst layer 5 through the diaphragm 4 under the action of concentration difference; the above process completes the methanol fuel cell discharge.
Step S300: flowing and working of carbon dioxide:
the anode product carbon dioxide flows from the carbon dioxide buffer zone 14 to the carbon dioxide diverter valve 19 through the carbon dioxide outlet 15 in the fuel product separation zone 7, part of the carbon dioxide enters the pneumatic diaphragm pump 16 to do work so that the methanol flows into the methanol evaporation zone 8, part of the carbon dioxide is discharged to the atmosphere, and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide.
In the invention, a novel gradually-reduced and gradually-expanded structure is adopted in the processes of methanol compression, evaporation and mixing in the methanol evaporation zone, so that the evaporation of methanol is more efficient, and the additional energy consumption is reduced; the invention transfers the extra heat generated in the operation process of the fuel cell to the methanol evaporation area, reduces the operation temperature of the fuel cell, and simultaneously can supplement heat for the methanol evaporation area, thereby reducing energy consumption; the loop for downstream transportation of the fuel product in the invention avoids the problem of mixing the fuel and the product in the working process of the cell to a great extent, and improves the utilization efficiency of methanol vapor; the vertical array flow channel can enable methanol vapor to directly and uniformly enter the electrode, so that the working efficiency of the cell is improved; according to the invention, the carbon dioxide of the battery product enters the pneumatic diaphragm pump under the action of air pressure, and the power is provided for the liquid-phase methanol to enter the battery on the premise of no extra power consumption; compared with the traditional pervaporation technology, the method has the advantages that methanol vapor is provided for the cell, the heat exchange quantity of the methanol working area and the evaporation area and the carbon dioxide supply quantity of the pneumatic diaphragm pump are accurately controlled, the methanol vapor with constant flow is further obtained to participate in cell reaction, and the working efficiency and stability of the methanol fuel cell are further improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A direct methanol fuel cell for separating heat balance materials is characterized in that: the device comprises a cathode flow field plate (1), a cathode diffusion layer (2), a cathode catalysis layer (3), a membrane (4), an anode catalysis layer (5), an anode diffusion layer (6), a fuel product separation zone (7) and a methanol evaporation zone (8) which are arranged on a methanol fuel cell body;
wherein the membrane (4) is connected with the cathode catalyst layer (3) and the anode catalyst layer (5), the cathode diffusion layer (2) is connected with the cathode flow field plate (1) and the cathode catalyst layer (3), the anode diffusion layer (6) is connected with the anode catalyst layer (5) and the fuel product separation zone (7), and the fuel product separation zone (7) is connected with the methanol evaporation zone (8) and the anode diffusion layer (6);
the methanol evaporation zone (8) is provided with a methanol inlet (9) and a methanol evaporation pipeline, the methanol inlet (9) is communicated with the methanol evaporation pipeline inlet, the fuel product separation zone (7) is a cavity with a methanol vapor flow passage (13) distributed therein, the cavity is a carbon dioxide buffer zone (14), the cavity is communicated with the anode diffusion layer (6), and the fuel product separation zone (7) is provided with a carbon dioxide outlet (15); one end of the methanol vapor flow passage (13) is communicated with the outlet of a methanol evaporation pipeline in the methanol evaporation area (8), and the other end of the methanol vapor flow passage (13) is communicated with the anode diffusion layer (6); the material in the methanol evaporation zone (8) is a heat conduction material;
the anode diffusion layer (6) and the cathode diffusion layer (2) are conductive materials with porous structures; a flow channel communicated with the cathode diffusion layer (2) is processed on the inner side of the cathode flow field plate (1);
the wall surface of the methanol evaporation area (8) is connected with the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body through an external methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline (18);
a pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) is also arranged at the inlet side of the methanol evaporation area (8), and the inlet of the pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) is connected with a methanol storage tank (17); a carbon dioxide outlet (15) of the carbon dioxide buffer area (14) is externally connected with a carbon dioxide diverter valve (19), and two outlets of the carbon dioxide diverter valve (19) are respectively connected with the pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) and air.
2. The thermally balanced material separation direct methanol fuel cell of claim 1, wherein: the methanol evaporation pipeline comprises a methanol compression section (10), a methanol evaporation section (11) and a methanol diffusion section (12), wherein the methanol evaporation section (11) is communicated with the methanol compression section (10) and the methanol diffusion section (12).
3. The thermally balanced material separation direct methanol fuel cell of claim 2, wherein: the methanol compression section (10) is of a gradually-reduced structure, the methanol evaporation section (11) corresponds to the positions of the methanol compression section (10) and the methanol diffusion section (12), and the methanol diffusion section (12) is of a gradually-expanded structure.
4. The thermally balanced material separation direct methanol fuel cell of claim 3 wherein: the methanol compression sections (10) are distributed in the methanol evaporation area (8) in a transverse and longitudinal array; the methanol evaporation sections (11) are distributed in the methanol evaporation area (8) in a horizontal and vertical array; the methanol diffusion sections (12) are distributed in the methanol evaporation zone (8) in a transverse and longitudinal array.
5. The thermally balanced material separation direct methanol fuel cell of claim 4, wherein: the methanol vapor flow channel (13) is communicated with the methanol diffusion section (12) and distributed in the fuel product separation zone (7) in an array manner.
6. The thermally balanced material separation direct methanol fuel cell of claim 5, wherein: the inner flow channel of the cathode flow field plate (1) is a snake-shaped flow channel, a parallel flow channel, a discontinuous flow channel or an interdigital flow channel.
7. The thermal balance material separation direct methanol fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline (18) is a heat pipe structure or a heat exchange pipeline internally provided with a heat exchange medium, and the heat pipe structure is a gravity type heat pipe, a liquid absorption core heat pipe or a rotary heat pipe.
8. The thermal balance material separation direct methanol fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: the anode diffusion layer (6) and the cathode diffusion layer (2) are made of metal materials or carbon materials.
9. The thermal balance material separation direct methanol fuel cell of any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: the carbon dioxide outlet (15) is positioned at the upper side of the fuel product separation zone (7).
10. A method of operating a thermal balance materials separation direct methanol fuel cell as in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step S100: preparation and supply of methanol vapor:
after the methanol fuel cell is operated for a period of time in advance, high temperature generated on the wall surface of the methanol fuel cell body exchanges heat with heat conducting materials in a methanol evaporation area (8) through a methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline (18) to assist in increasing the temperature of the methanol evaporation area (8), and the temperature of the wall surface of an internal structure of the methanol evaporation area (8) is controlled by controlling the contact area of the cold end of the methanol evaporation heat exchange pipeline (18) and the methanol evaporation area (8);
carbon dioxide of an anode product of the methanol fuel cell enters a pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) through a carbon dioxide shunt valve (19) to do work so that methanol flows into a methanol evaporation area (8), and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide; liquid-phase pure methanol flows into a methanol evaporation pipeline through a pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) and exchanges heat with the wall surface of a methanol evaporation area (8), and the liquid-phase methanol is heated and evaporated to generate methanol vapor; methanol vapor directly enters the anode diffusion layer (6) through the methanol vapor flow channel (13) to participate in cell reaction;
step S200: reaction and discharge of methanol vapor:
methanol vapor is uniformly distributed through the anode diffusion layer (6), and further flows into the anode catalysis layer (5) to generate oxidation reaction with water from the cathode side to generate carbon dioxide, electrons and protons, the carbon dioxide directly enters the carbon dioxide buffer zone (14) isolated from the methanol vapor channel (13) through the anode diffusion layer (6) and is further discharged to the carbon dioxide shunt valve (19) through the carbon dioxide outlet (15) to be circularly driven, oxygen enters the cathode catalysis layer (3) through the cathode flow field plate (1) and the cathode diffusion layer (2), the protons from the anode side and the oxygen generate reduction reaction to generate water through the cathode catalysis layer (3), and the water passes through the membrane (4) to enter the anode catalysis layer (5) under the action of concentration difference to complete the discharge of the methanol fuel cell;
step S300: flowing and working of carbon dioxide:
the anode product carbon dioxide flows to a carbon dioxide shunt valve (19) from a carbon dioxide buffer area (14) through a carbon dioxide outlet (15) in a fuel product separation area (7), part of the carbon dioxide enters a pneumatic diaphragm pump (16) to do work so that methanol flows into a methanol evaporation area (8), part of the carbon dioxide is discharged to the atmosphere, and the flow of the methanol is further controlled by controlling the air inflow of the carbon dioxide.
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| CN1787265A (en) * | 2005-11-01 | 2006-06-14 | 清华大学 | Reassemblable mini auto-oxygen inhalating type direct methanol fuel cell and packaging method thereof |
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