CN109884227B - 基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法 - Google Patents
基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法,其是以百香果果皮中没食子酸、绿原酸、异荭草苷、咖啡酸、丁香酸、荭草苷等18种酚类化合物含量,及天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸等百香果果肉中17种氨基酸含量为指标建立样本矩阵,应用聚类分析法进行计算,以实现紫色百香果和黄金百香果的有效区分,为紫果种与黄果种分类提供一个客观、可靠的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学分析领域,具体涉及一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法。
背景技术
百香果,又名鸡蛋果(学名:Passiflora edulia Sims),是百香果科百香果属的草质藤本植物,长约6米;茎具细条纹,无毛;花瓣5枚,与萼片等长;基部淡绿色,中部紫色,顶部白色,浆果卵球形,直径3-4厘米,无毛,熟时紫色;种子多数,卵形。花期6月,果期11月。百香果栽培于广东、海南、福建、云南、台湾地区,有时逸生于海拔180-1900米的山谷丛林中。原产大小安的列斯群岛,广植于热带和亚热带地区。百香果皮厚而坚硬,可作饲料和提取果胶,果实球形或长圆球形,内有黄色果汁和黑色种子,含有蛋白质、脂肪、糖类和多种维生素及氨基酸等,营养丰富,酸甜可口,具有柠檬、柑、桔、橙子、草莓、酸梅、菠萝、石榴、香蕉、等水果香味,素有“饮料之王”、“水果味精”的美称,是生产果汁饮料的重要原料和添加剂。可以加工成果汁、果露、果酱、果冻、口含片,主要以加工成果汁食用为主,可制成芳香可口的饮料,还可用来添加在其他饮料中以提高饮料的品质。果实非常耐贮藏和运输。在中国以外的其他地区,百香果有“果汁之王”、“摇钱树”等美称。其中氨基酸和酚类物质是百香果果实中重要的药性成分,还影响着到百香果的风味、滋味和质量。
我国从上世纪九十年代初便开始百香果的引种栽培工作,但到目前为各地引种的品种单一,重复引种现象严重、良种少、品种多样性差、在引种过程中由于栽培者的随意命名导致同物异名、同名异物现象严重。对百香果的研究多集中在栽培管理方面,对品种的选育及繁育方法较少研究,在杂交育种及分子生物学方面的研究更少,大大制约了西番莲属植物的综合利用和开发。
目前世界上作为食用栽培的百香果多数为紫果百香果、黄果百香果、樟叶百香果、大果百香果、甜果百香果和香蕉百香果等种。在我国作为栽培品种主要有紫果种、黄果种、黄果与紫果杂交种等三大类。百香果的品种鉴别多是通过分子标记如ISSR、SSR鉴别,分子标记的应用和发展在百香果商业化品种选育上具有重要的作用,分子标记能直接从DNA水平反映种质之间的遗传差异,也是研究植物遗传多样性的有效工具。数量分类是将数学的方法和计算机技术引入植物分类学研究中。迄今尚没有利用果皮酚类物质和果肉氨基酸含量为标记结合聚类分析方法进行百香果品种鉴定的快速与高效的措施。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法,其包括以下步骤:
一、样品预处理:将百香果果皮及果肉分别干燥、粉碎后,过60目筛,得百香果果皮粉末和百香果果肉粉末;
二、果皮中酚类物质的测定:
1)样品溶液的制备:称取0.5g百香果果皮粉末,加入5mL纤维素酶和果胶酶混合溶液(其中纤维素酶和果胶酶的质量比为1:1,两者酶活均为4000U/g),静置20min,灭酶后加入15mL、70wt.%甲醇溶液加热提取6min(加热提取是于600W的光波微波炉中进行,其中微波50%与光波50%),离心分离;重复提取两次后,合并上清,加70wt.%甲醇溶液定容至50mL,10000r/min离心,上清液经0.22μm有机滤膜过滤,得样品溶液;
2)混合标样的配制:将没食子酸、绿原酸、异荭草苷、咖啡酸、丁香酸、荭草苷、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、芥子酸、牡荆素、异牡荆素、白皮杉醇、橙皮苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚的标准品用70 wt.%甲醇溶液分别配制成浓度为1mg/mL的标准液,经稀释、混合,得混合标样,于-20℃保存备用;
3)色谱检测:使用由四元泵、柱温箱、DAD检测器以及工作站所组成的HPLC仪器进行检测;其检测条件为:采用C18色谱柱,柱温为30℃,进样量为5-20μL,以乙腈-1wt.%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序为:0-70min,乙腈与1wt.%乙酸溶液的体积比由5:95增加至50:50,流动相流速为1.0mL/min,检测时间为70min;DAD检测波长为280~350nm,荧光检测Ex=235~340nm,Em=345~450nm;
三、果肉中氨基酸的测定:
1)样品提取液的制备:将1mL 4℃的20mM HCl加入到0.5g百香果果肉粉末中,室温下涡旋提取20min后,以13000r/min离心10min;加入20mM HCl重复提取2次,将上清液合并后加入10μL 25mM正亮氨酸作为内部定量标准,通过0.4mm滤膜过滤进入Eppendorf管并在-20℃下放置过夜;
2)氨基酸混合标样的配制:分别准确称取天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬草氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸各0.0001g,用8.3mL 6mol/L的盐酸溶液溶解后定容至10mL,混匀,得氨基酸混合标样;
3)衍生化:使用Acc Q·Fluor试剂盒对样品提取液及氨基酸混合标样进行衍生化,即取10 μL样品提取液或氨基酸混合标样,加入70μL Acc Q·Fluor硼酸盐缓冲液,涡旋混合;再加入20μL Acc Q·Fluor衍生剂,立即涡旋混合8s;室温放置1min,密封后置55℃加热10 min,待测;
4)色谱检测:使用Waters高效C18色谱柱,规格为250 mm×4.6 mm,粒径4 μm,柱温:30℃;流动相:Waters Acc Q·Tag Eluent A浓液经超纯水稀释100 倍作为A相、70vol%乙腈作为B相进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:0-30min,B相体积由0%增至50%;30-34min,B相体积保持为50%,34min-35min,B相体积由50%降至40%;35-40min,B相体积由40%降至0%,40-45min,保持B相体积为0%;流速为0.8 mL/min;激发波长250 nm,发射波长395 nm;进样量10μL;
四、以所测定的样品果皮中18种酚类物质的含量和果肉中17种氨基酸的含量为指标建立样本矩阵,应用聚类分析法计算品种百香果标准样之间的平方欧氏距离,获得标准样的平方欧氏距离范围,再测定待测样品的区分因子的特征成分含量,分别计算其与标准样的平方欧氏距离范围,以判定待测样品的种类。
本发明的显著优点在于:本发明以百香果果皮中没食子酸、绿原酸、异荭草苷、咖啡酸、丁香酸、荭草苷等18种酚类化合物含量,及天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸等百香果果肉中17种氨基酸含量为指标建立样本矩阵,应用聚类分析法进行计算,以实现紫色百香果和黄金百香果的有效区分,且其操作简便,方法准确度高、灵敏度高、重复性好。
附图说明
图1为18种酚类物质混合标样的FLD图谱;其中,1-没食子酸、2-绿原酸、3-异荭草苷、4-咖啡酸、5-丁香酸、6-荭草苷、7-对香豆酸、8-阿魏酸、9-牡荆素、10-芥子酸、11-芦丁、12-异牡荆素、13-白皮杉醇、14-橙皮苷、15-木犀草素、16-槲皮素、17-芹菜素、18-山奈酚。
图2为17种氨基酸混合标样的图谱。
图3为聚类分析图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所述的内容更加便于理解,下面结合具体实施方式对本发明所述的技术方案做进一步的说明,但是本发明不仅限于此。
一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法,其包括以下步骤:
一、样品预处理:将百香果果皮及果肉分别干燥、粉碎后,过60目筛,得百香果果皮粉末和百香果果肉粉末;
二、果皮中酚类物质的测定:
1)样品溶液的制备:称取0.5g百香果果皮粉末,加入5mL纤维素酶和果胶酶混合溶液(其中纤维素酶和果胶酶的质量比为1:1,两者酶活均为4000U/g),静置20min,灭酶后加入15mL、70wt.%甲醇溶液加热提取6min(加热提取是于600W的光波微波炉中进行,其中微波50%与光波50%),离心分离;重复提取两次后,合并上清,加70wt.%甲醇溶液定容至50mL,10000r/min离心,上清液经0.22μm有机滤膜过滤,得样品溶液;
2)混合标样的配制:将没食子酸、绿原酸、异荭草苷、咖啡酸、丁香酸、荭草苷、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、芥子酸、牡荆素、异牡荆素、白皮杉醇、橙皮苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚的标准品用70 wt.%甲醇溶液分别配制成浓度为1mg/mL的标准液,经稀释、混合,得混合标样,于-20℃保存备用;
3)色谱检测:使用由四元泵、柱温箱、DAD检测器以及工作站所组成的HPLC仪器进行检测;其检测条件为:采用C18色谱柱,柱温为30℃,进样量为5-20μL,以乙腈-1wt.%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序为:0-70min,乙腈与1wt.%乙酸溶液的体积比由5:95增加至50:50,流动相流速为1.0mL/min,检测时间为70min;
DAD检测波长变化:
荧光检测波长变化:
三、果肉中氨基酸的测定:
1)样品提取液的制备:将1mL 4℃的20mM HCl加入到0.5g百香果果肉粉末中,室温下涡旋提取20min后,以13000r/min离心10min;加入20mM HCl重复提取2次,将上清液合并后加入10μL 25mM正亮氨酸作为内部定量标准,通过0.4mm滤膜过滤进入Eppendorf管并在-20℃下放置过夜;
2)氨基酸混合标样的配制:分别准确称取天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬草氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸各0.0001g,用8.3mL 6mol/L的盐酸溶液溶解后定容至10mL,混匀,得氨基酸混合标样;
3)衍生化:使用Acc Q·Fluor试剂盒对样品提取液及氨基酸混合标样进行衍生化,即取10 μL样品提取液或氨基酸混合标样,加入70μL Acc Q·Fluor硼酸盐缓冲液,涡旋混合;再加入20μL Acc Q·Fluor衍生剂,立即涡旋混合8s;室温放置1min,密封后置55℃加热10 min,待测;
4)色谱检测:使用Waters高效C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,粒径4 μm),柱温:30℃;流动相:Waters Acc Q·Tag Eluent A浓液经超纯水稀释100倍作为A相、70vol%乙腈作为B相进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:0-30min,B相体积由0%增至50%;30-34min,B相体积保持为50%,34min-35min,B相体积由50%降至40%;35-40min,B相体积由40%降至0%,40-45min,保持B相体积为0%;流速为0.8 mL/min;激发波长250 nm,发射波长395 nm;进样量10 μL;
四、聚类分析:以所测定的样品果皮中18种酚类物质的含量和果肉中17种氨基酸的含量为指标,以欧氏距离测距,用最长距离法( Furthest neighbor)测量类间距,进行聚类分析,采用SPSS统计软件的Analyze模块下层次聚类分析中的组间联结法,以区分因子作为自变量,计算同一类标准样之间的平方欧氏距离,以判定待测样品的种类。
表1为待测样品信息。
表1 待测样品信息
表2为所配制酚类物质混合标样的线性关系考察情况。
表2 各酚类物质标准品的线性回归方程、相关系数、相对标准偏差和回收率
由表2可见,18种酚类物质的浓度和相应峰面积呈良好线性关系,且该方法具有较好的可靠性和准确性。
表3为所检测待测样品果皮中18种酚类物质的含量情况。
表3 采用本发明方法测定不同品种百香果果皮中18种酚类物质的含量(µg/g DW)
表4为所检测待测样品果肉中17种氨基酸的含量情况。
表4 不同品种产地部分百香果果肉中17种氨基酸的含量情况(g/100g)
以20个不同百香果品种果皮中18种酚类物质和果肉中17种氨基酸为指标进行聚类分析,采用类平均法,结果如图3。从图中可以看出,以34个特征成分含量作为自变量,以紫色和黄色百香果种类分类,以18个样品单元为区域单元,采用平方欧氏距离测度18个样品单元之间的距离,获得品种的平方欧氏距离的范围,具体为:在欧式距离为2.0时紫果种和黄果种得到良好分离。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明申请专利范围所做的均等变化与修饰,皆应属本发明的涵盖范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种基于酚类物质和氨基酸区分紫果种和黄果种百香果的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
一、样品预处理:将百香果果皮及果肉分别干燥、粉碎后,过60目筛,得百香果果皮粉末和百香果果肉粉末;
二、果皮中酚类物质的测定:
1)样品溶液的制备:称取0.5g百香果果皮粉末,加入5mL纤维素酶和果胶酶混合溶液,静置20min,灭酶后加入15mL、70wt.%甲醇溶液加热提取6min,离心分离;重复提取两次后,合并上清,加70wt.%甲醇溶液定容至50mL,10000r/min离心,上清液经0.22μm有机滤膜过滤,得样品溶液;所述纤维素酶和果胶酶混合溶液中纤维素酶和果胶酶的质量比为1:1,两者酶活均为4000U/g;所述加热提取是于600W的光波微波炉中进行,其中微波50%与光波50%;
2)混合标样的配制:将没食子酸、绿原酸、异荭草苷、咖啡酸、丁香酸、荭草苷、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、芦丁、芥子酸、牡荆素、异牡荆素、白皮杉醇、橙皮苷、木犀草素、槲皮素、芹菜素、山奈酚的标准品用70 wt.%甲醇溶液分别配制成浓度为1mg/mL的标准液,经稀释、混合,得混合标样,于-20℃保存备用;
3)色谱检测:使用由四元泵、柱温箱、DAD检测器以及工作站所组成的HPLC仪器进行检测;其检测条件为:采用C18色谱柱,柱温为30℃,进样量为5-20μL,以乙腈-1wt.%乙酸溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,梯度洗脱程序为:0-70min,乙腈与1wt.%乙酸溶液的体积比由5:95增加至50:50,流动相流速为1.0mL/min,检测时间为70min;DAD检测波长的变化方式为:0-18min,在波长为280nm-350nm进行全波段扫描,18-23min,波长保持为350nm,23-34min,在波长为350nm-280nm进行全波段扫描,34-49min,在波长为280nm-340nm进行全波段扫描,49-52min,在波长为340nm-280nm进行全波段扫描,52-60min,在波长为280nm-340nm进行全波段扫描;荧光检测波长的变化方式为:0-9min,Ex=261nm,Em=345nm,9-9.1min,将Ex由261nm调整至300nm,Em由345nm调整至450nm,9.1-45min,Ex保持在300nm,Em保持在450nm,45-45.1min,将Ex由300nm调整至235nm,Em由450nm调整至386nm,45.1-52min,Ex保持在235nm,Em保持在386nm,52-52.1min,将Ex由235nm调整至340nm,Em由386nm调整至450nm,52.1-62min,Ex保持在340nm,Em保持在450nm;
三、果肉中氨基酸的测定:
1)样品提取液的制备:将1mL 4℃的20mM HCl加入到0.5g百香果果肉粉末中,室温下涡旋震荡20min后,以13000r/min离心10min;加入20mM HCl重复提取2次,将上清液合并后加入10μL 25mM正亮氨酸作为内部定量标准,通过0.4mm滤膜过滤进入Eppendorf管并在-20℃下放置过夜;
2)氨基酸混合标样的配制:分别准确称取天门冬氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、胱氨酸、缬草氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸各0.0001g,用8.3mL 6mol/L的盐酸溶液溶解后定容至10mL,混匀,得氨基酸混合标样;
3)衍生化:使用Acc Q·Fluor试剂盒对样品提取液及氨基酸混合标样进行衍生化;
4)色谱检测:使用Waters高效C18色谱柱,规格为250 mm×4.6 mm,粒径4 μm,柱温:30℃;流动相:Waters Acc Q·Tag Eluent A浓液经超纯水稀释100 倍作为A相、70vol%乙腈作为B相进行线性梯度洗脱,洗脱程序为:0-30min,B相体积由0%增至50%;30-34min,B相体积保持为50%,34min-35min,B相体积由50%降至40%;35-40min,B相体积由40%降至0%,40-45min,保持B相体积为0%;流速为0.8 mL/min;激发波长250 nm,发射波长395 nm;进样量10μL;
四、以所测定的样品果皮中18种酚类物质的含量和果肉中17种氨基酸的含量为指标建立样本矩阵,应用聚类分析法计算品种百香果标准样之间的平方欧氏距离,获得标准样的平方欧氏距离范围,再测定待测样品的区分因子的特征成分含量,分别计算其与标准样的平方欧氏距离范围,以判定待测样品的种类。
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