CN109883996A - The measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing - Google Patents
The measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement methods of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing, including being calculated image and being obtained phase information using colored three step phase-shifting methods, the delta data of the refractive index of gas-liquid mixed media existing for measurement space interior is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm；The present invention is using colored three step phase-shifting methods, in conjunction with the anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm of three-dimensional non-uniform dielectric field, pass through the combination settings of projection screen and telecentric optical system, it realizes the accurate trace of the measurement light to non-uniform dielectric field and the transient state refracting characteristic of three-dimensional space refractive index is measured, substantially increase measuring accuracy and efficiency；And the measuring system whole design of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing is accurate, and measurement accuracy is high, and cost is relatively low, has a wide range of application, and has important theory significance and engineering application value, is suitble to promote and apply.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement method more particularly to a kind of non-uniform dielectric fields based on Hartmann's ray tracing
Measurement method, non-uniform dielectric field refer to due to the uneven shape of the spatial distribution of the factors such as pressure, speed, temperature, density, substance
At space physics characteristic spatial field heterogeneous, including due to temperature, pressure, flowing formed non-uniform dielectric field, also wrap
Include the non-uniform dielectric field that liquid liquid blending agent, gas-liquid mixed media, gas medium are formed.
Background technique
Non-uniform dielectric field refers to due to the uneven shape of the spatial distribution of the factors such as pressure, speed, temperature, density, substance
At space physics characteristic spatial field heterogeneous, the objects such as temperature, pressure, air-flow are able to achieve by the measurement of non-uniform dielectric field
The reproduction of reason amount.Therefore, to the three-dimensional measurement of non-uniform dielectric field, the scientific researches such as hydrodynamics, thermal conduction study and the energy,
There is highly important scientific meaning and broad application prospect in many industries such as environment, power and chemical industry.
Chemical reaction flow, laminar flow, turbulent flow, thin stream, low temperature flow, high-temperature aerodynamics, supersonic and hypersonic
Flowing and wind tunnel experiment, water hole flow field are all typical non-uniform dielectric fields, are accurately realized the inspection of non-uniform dielectric field
It surveys, effective parameter can be provided for chemical reaction processes, the design of aerodynamics equipment and the controls such as burning etc., realized optimal
Control strategy, in Industrial Boiler, power plant is coal-fired, combustion gas turbine and aviation, automobile engine burning, marine propeller,
The fields such as spraying operation are all widely used.For example, the ignition temperature field for being applied to boiler monitors, hearth combustion operating condition
It is unreasonable be the principal element for leading to boiler operatiopn accident, combustion state it is reasonable with it is unreasonable, directly influence boiler hot
The height of efficiency and the ratio of power supply and fuel consumption.Therefore, it is the uniform and stable operation of combustion field for keeping burner hearth, improves burning
Efficiency realizes on-line monitoring to the Temperature Distribution of furnace chamber inner combustion field, is the requisite measure for regulating and controlling combustion state；It also can be air
The design of dynamics equipment and the measurement data that offer basis is provided, as rocket engine ejects under high, vacuum state
Shape like feather jet flow plume measurement, it is unstable that plume flow pattern defect will lead to the swing of aircraft, thrust decay, flight
Determine, cannot fly by planned orbit, final aircraft is likely to that scheduled height and region is not achieved in flight course, to plumage
The real-time and accurate measurement for flowing flow field is the basis for adjusting rocket blast type；It can also be provided in real time for petroleum, gas extraction
The data of mixing flow field, such as in petroleum, natural gas extraction Oil, Water, Gas ratio, this be related to oil and natural gas exploitation plan
It slightly, is the basis of oil and natural gas exploitation.
Currently, mainly passing through the change of the refractive index of measurement non-uniform dielectric field to the universal measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field
Change to realize.When light penetrates the refractive index field of inhomogeneous medium, it will two kinds of variations occur, first is that light deviates original side
To second is that the opposite variation phase that light generates position phase is moved.Index method is exactly to determine refractive index according to the two characteristics.
Index method has the advantages that other methods are irreplaceable, they are noiseless to former field, belong to non-intrusive measurement, temporal resolution
Height can be used to study very fast transient process, or even can track the process of spatial non-uniform medium field variation；Spatial discrimination
Rate is high, can be used to study temperature gradient minimax spatial non-uniform medium field, such as shock wave, flammule；Sky can be provided simultaneously
Between non-uniform dielectric field measurement, rather than put measurement, contain much information.Other main methods include schlieren method, shadowing method, light
Learn interferometry, holographic interferometry, More's deflection, laser speckle photography, laser speckle shear interference and platform uncle's interference etc..Shade
Method, schlieren method are measured according to the Diffraction dispersion of light；Through Optical Interference Spectra and holographic interference rule directly measure phase change, and
Assuming that light is without deviation；More's deflection, laser speckle photography, laser speckle shear interference and platform uncle's interference etc. directly measure light
Deflection angle.
Schlieren method can generate this phenomenon of deviation in the different Propagation of internal density using light, by using knife
Mouth device blocks the light of deviation, and then the throughput of light generates variation, on the receiving planes such as optical screen or camera
Light and shade variation can be observed and realize refractometry.In addition to traditional schlieren method, currently used schlieren method also focus schlieren method,
Background schlieren method, rainbow schlieren method etc..Shadowing method principle is as schlieren method, but it is the deviation bring by recording light
The measurement of refractive index is realized in the displacement put on projection screen.The experimental principle and system of schlieren method and shadowing method constitute all simpler
It is single, but the precision of shadowing method is relatively low, and traditional schlieren method is influenced vulnerable to background luminance, and background schlieren method cannot be determined accurately often
The displacement of one point limits the precision of measurement.
Common Through Optical Interference Spectra is usually using Mach-Zehnder interferometer, bimirror interferometer, Mai Keerxun interferometer, platform
Graceful interferometer and schlieren interferometer etc..The light that same light source issues is divided into two beams by they, a branch of after measured zone and another
A branch of reference light is relevant, by analyzing the phase change of the light through measured zone, realizes that the measurement of spatial refractive index, reaction are empty
Between non-uniform dielectric field information.Mach-Zehnder interferometer, bimirror interferometer, Mai Keerxun interferometer, the graceful interferometer of platform etc.
Amplitude optical spectroscopy is all used, and schlieren interferometer then uses polarization-nulling method.Holographic interferometry and ordinary optical interferometry principle
It is identical, but same light beam is recorded on same holographic dry plate in different times, is then made using time optical spectroscopy by it
These wavefront interfere again, by analyzing the phase change of the light through measured zone, realize the measurement of spatial refractive index, instead
Answer the non-uniform dielectric field information in space.Interferometry is widely applied in heat transfer, burning and aerodynamic studies at present, and
A kind of most basic and most classic method in Measurement in Thermophysics.
More's deflection method realizes the measurement of refractive index in non-uniform dielectric field by moire phenomenon, what light source issued
Light places grating by two front and backs, forms the Moire fringe of two grating fringes superposition, under normal circumstances, Moire fringe is flat
The orderly distribution of capable or by setting rule, when measuring space is non-uniform dielectric field, light can be because of the variation of refractive index
Deviation occurs, Moire fringe can be deformed or be displaced, and the displacement for analyzing the striped can be obtained the deflection angle of light, to count
Calculate space non-uniform dielectric field distribution.More's deflection method reduces interferometry to machinery, optical component and environmental Kuznets Curves
It is required that application range is wider, but the diffraction phenomena in More's skewing method reduces the contrast and spatial resolution of striped.
Platform uncle's interference is measured using the primary effect of platform.When the directional light vertical irradiation period is the grating of d, at it
A certain plane will appear the identical picture of the grating afterwards, and referred to as from being imaged, i.e. the primary effect of platform, imaging surface are known as the primary face of platform for this.
Another identical grating is placed in the primary face of the platform of previous grating, latter grating and previous parallel gratings and coaxial, and
Two gratings are identical in vertical axis positioning, and zero light field is observed after latter grating at this time.When being inserted into a phase between two gratings
The imaging certainly of object non-uniform dielectric field, light generation disturbance, first grating can generate distortion, this distortion is imaged together certainly
Second grating interaction, interference fringe can be observed on the film viewing screen after second grating, investigates the interference fringe energy
The information at light deflection angle is obtained, uncle interferes here it is platform.Platform uncle's interference is chiefly used in the measurement of optical instrument and parameter, has now also sent out
Exhibition is used for the measurement of non-uniform dielectric field.But the requirement on machining accuracy of above-mentioned these interferometry measuring devices manufacture is very high, if
Standby adjustment is also very time-consuming laborious, so that equipment prevailing price is higher.
Laser speckle photography generates countless small points in the diffusing reflection of body surface using the good laser beam of coherence
Light source, the coherent light that they are issued are concerned in spatial and each other, and different divide is generated on the projection device of different location
The speck and blackening of cloth, when it passes through spatial non-uniform medium field, the pattern generated on projection device can be according to certain
Rule movement, tracks its motion information, obtains the displacement of each speckle point, so that it may which Inversion Calculation goes out spatial non-uniform medium field folding
Penetrate the variation of rate.The technology is insensitive to vibrating, and does not need the gradient direction that non-uniform dielectric field is known in advance.But speckle
The point-to-point analysis of photograph is time-consuming and troublesome, and needs to correct the width of fringe generated due to Halo effect.
Speckle is imaged on the CCD of camera by laser speckle shear interference by diplopore, allow CCD crystal oscillator face slightly offset from
The picture plane of conjugation, so that this is sheared, they are relevant by the speckle of diplopore at the picture of a slightly defocus on CCD
Fringe pattern is formed, here it is speckle-shearing interference.It is the deflection angle of light, shape measured by laser speckle shearing interference method
At coherent fringe be light equal displacement gradient line, represent the distribution situation of spatial heterogeneity, therefore laser speckle is cut
Online visualization measurement can be carried out to spatial non-uniform medium field by cutting interference.Laser speckle shear interference is commonly used in strain, inclines
Tiltedly, bending and the measurement of other mechanical parameters, the measurement for inhomogeneous medium field are also developing.The method reduce laser to dissipate
The calculation amount of point-to-point analysis in spot photograph, but need the correction to Halo effect width of fringe.
The above-mentioned spatial measuring method to non-uniform dielectric field is made a general survey of, respectively there are advantage and disadvantage, interference class method processes equipment
Installation accuracy requires height, so that its higher cost, and schlieren method, the measurement accuracy of shadowing method are lower.Therefore, the invention patent
It is proposed that a kind of inexpensive, high accuracy three-dimensional refractive index measurement method, this method are based on Hartmann's ray tracing principle, pass through throwing
The combination settings of shadow screen and telecentric optical system realize the accurate trace of measurement light, to realize the survey of three-dimensional space refractive index
Amount.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to overcome the deficiencies of existing technologies, provide a kind of by projection screen and telecentricity light
The combination settings of system realize the accurate trace of measurement light and realize the measurement of three-dimensional space refractive index based on Hartmann
The measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field of ray tracing.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is addressed by following technical proposals:
The measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing, including following particular content:
Using each luminous point on projection screen be point light source to measurement space project spherical surface incident ray, wherein have one with
Optical axis forms the non-uniform dielectric field refraction that deflection angle penetrates measurement space interior for the spherical surface incident ray of θ and is formed in parallel with light
The deviation light of axis, the deviation light directive lens for being parallel to optical axis projected from measurement space, lens are to being parallel to optical axis
Deviation light is reflected again, and the deviation light after reflecting again is screened and converged in by object space telecentric stop
In CCD camera, CCD camera shoots the deviation light of convergence and obtains image；Incident light is derived by by formula (A)
Angle corresponding relationship between line and refracted light is derived by deflection angle theta and shadow as shown in formula (B) according to formula (A)
The relationship of image position deviation, to obtain the folding of the gas-liquid mixed media as shown in formula (C) by formula (A) and formula (B)
Penetrate the relationship between the integral of rate gradient and blurring amount；Wherein, formula (A), formula (B), the following institute of formula (C) difference
Show:
Wherein, z is optical axis direction,Variable quantity respectively in X, Y, Z axis, n are spatial refractive index,For the variation of spatial refractive index, F is the focal length of lens, and δ is displacement of the pixel of image on the imaging screen of CCD camera
Amount, S1For the distance between the rear focus of object space telecentric stop and imaging screen of CCD camera, L is that projection screen and measurement are empty
Between the distance between ejecting end.
Preferably, the gas-liquid mixed media of measurement space interior flowing generates temperature field and/or pressure field, realize pair
Due to the measurement for the gas-liquid mixed media that temperature, pressure, flowing are formed.Wherein, gas-liquid mixed media is that natural gas is mixed with oily
Gas-liquid liquid stream is closed, pressure field is flowed by gas-liquid mixed media to be generated；It measures space and is equipped with and exist for adjusting measurement space interior
Temperature field temperature-adjusting device, temperature-adjusting device includes heating temperature-control system, thermostatic control system, stationary temperature field
It is provided by temperature-adjusting device.
Preferably, being calculated image and being obtained phase information using colored three step phase-shifting methods, pass through phase information
It determines the light refractive properties of the image generated after the refraction that the luminous point on projection screen passes through gas-liquid mixed media and corresponds to and close
System, to realize ray tracing.
In the present invention, colored three step phase-shifting methods are based on three step phase-shifting methods, and colored three step phase-shifting methods include following particular content:
By modulation intelligence I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6It is modulated to tri- differences of R, G, B of colored RGB respectively by brightness subregion
In channel, make tri- different channels R, G, B of the colored RGB on projection screen and CCD camera respectively at horizontal and vertical two
Three phase images are respectively exported and acquired on direction and obtain three phase informations, and CCD camera transmits three phase informations
To projection screen；By formula (D) calculate CCD camera acquisition RGB triple channel information M=[RGB] ', RGB triple channel information M with
Actual RGB triple channel information N=[rgb] ' by transition matrix A and background matrix M0=[R0G0B0] ' realized by formula (E)
Conversion；It is final to realize the measurement of transient state refracting characteristic according to the actual RGB triple channel information N being calculated；Wherein, projection screen
Show the cosine wave that three outs of phase are moved, the cosine wave that respective three outs of phase are moved in horizontal and vertical both direction
Modulation intelligence I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6It is calculated respectively by formula (F), formula (G)；Pass through formula (H), formula respectively
(I) phase information of each pixel is calculated and is obtained to three phase images of CCD camera acquisition, it is each to what is obtained
The cosine wave striped that three outs of phase of the phase information of a pixel and projection screen display are moved compares, so that it is determined that throwing
The light refractive properties and corresponding relationship of the image generated after the refraction that luminous point on shadow screen passes through inhomogeneous medium field, thus
Realize ray tracing；Formula (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I) are as follows respectively:
M=AN+M0(E),
Wherein, I'(x, y) it is background gray levels, I " (x, y) is modulation gray value；
Wherein, φ1(x,y)、φ2(x, y) is phase information.
In the present invention, gas-liquid mixed existing for measurement space interior is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm
The delta data of the refractive index of medium；Anti- integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm includes following particular content: being established with gas-liquid mixed
The index distribution of medium is the ill-condition matrix of variable, is then solved to ill-condition matrix, so that Problems of Reconstruction is converted to
The Solve problems of ill-condition matrix；Wherein, the disease as shown in formula (J) is obtained later with discrete by carrying out deformation to formula (C)
State matrix:
T=WDS2(J),
Wherein T is the displacement information matrix of image picture point, characterizes the measurement light compared with uniform dielectric field and passes through gas-liquid
The displacement that blending agent generates directly is obtained by the corresponding relationship of image；W is model coefficient matrix, passes through direct volume reconstruction
Model coefficient calculation method under strategy obtains, and proposed adoption monte carlo method regards it as and asks any in volume elements space
Any falls in the probability in light beam, then a large amount of stochastical sampling can be directly carried out in volume elements space, according to sampled point and light
The spatial relation of beam, and then calculate sampled point in sample space and fall in the probability in light beam, when sample size is sufficiently large,
Think that this probability value is model coefficient；D is variations in refractive index vector matrix to be solved；S2It is projection matrix, by three-dimensional track
It projects in the offset of distance；The calculation method of formula (J) can specifically be rebuild using addition algebraic reconstruction, multiplication algebra or filter
Wave backprojection reconstruction algorithm is solved, and realizes the reconstruction of three-dimensional non-uniform dielectric field.
The measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing of the invention is by based on hartmann diaphragm
The measuring system of the non-uniform dielectric field of line trace realizes, the measurement system of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing
System include it is internal there are the measurement space of non-uniform dielectric field, the projection screen for projecting spherical surface incident ray to measurement space,
The non-uniform dielectric field that spherical surface incident ray for projecting to the luminous point on projection screen penetrates measurement space interior reflects to be formed
The deviation light for being parallel to optical axis is screened and is pooled the object space telecentric optical system of image, and measurement is spatially located at projection screen
Between object space telecentric optical system；Phase information is calculated image and obtained using three step phase-shifting methods of colour, passes through phase
Position information determines the light refractive properties and corresponding relationship of image；Measurement is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm
The delta data of liquid liquid blending agent refractive index existing for space interior；Liquid liquid based on Hartmann's ray tracing of the invention is mixed
The fundamental measurement principle for closing the measuring system of medium is as follows: penetrating using each luminous point on projection screen as point light source to measurement space
Spherical surface incident ray out, wherein having one to form the spherical surface incident ray that deflection angle is θ with optical axis penetrates measurement space interior
Non-uniform dielectric field reflects the deviation light for being formed in parallel with optical axis, the deviation light for being parallel to optical axis projected from measurement space
Directive object space telecentric optical system, object space telecentric optical system screen deviation light and pool image；Using colour
Three step phase-shifting methods are calculated image and are obtained phase information, determine the light refractive properties of image and right by phase information
It should be related to, to realize ray tracing；Measurement space interior is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm and there is stream
The delta data of dynamic gas-liquid mixed media refractive index, to realize three to gas-liquid mixed media existing for measurement space interior
The real-time measurement of dimension space refractive index；The present invention is using colored three step phase-shifting methods, in conjunction with the anti-integral of three-dimensional non-uniform dielectric field
Curved three-dimensional algorithm for reconstructing realizes the survey to gas-liquid mixed media by the combination settings of projection screen and telecentric optical system
It measures the accurate trace of light and the transient state refracting characteristic of three-dimensional space refractive index is measured, substantially increase measuring accuracy and effect
Rate；And the overall system design is accurate, and measurement accuracy is high, and cost is relatively low, has a wide range of application, with important theory significance and
Engineering application value is suitble to promote and apply.
In the present invention, object space telecentric optical system includes for being reflected to the deviation light projected from measurement space
Lens, for the deviation light of convergence is shot and is obtained the CCD camera of image, by lens project deviation light converge
Object space telecentric stop in CCD camera, lens are located between measurement space and object space telecentric stop, and object space telecentric stop is located at
Between lens and CCD camera, projection screen, measurement space, lens, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera are using optical axis as center axis
And successively face is arranged.In the present invention, spherical surface is projected to measurement space using each luminous point on projection screen as point light source
Incident ray, wherein having one to form the spherical surface incident ray that deflection angle is θ with optical axis penetrates the non-homogeneous of measurement space interior
Medium field reflects the deviation light for being formed in parallel with optical axis, and the deviation light directive for being parallel to optical axis projected from measurement space is saturating
Mirror, lens reflect the deviation light for being parallel to optical axis again, and the deviation light after reflecting again passes through object space telecentricity
Diaphragm is screened and is converged in CCD camera, and CCD camera shoots the deviation light of convergence and obtains image, it may be assumed that logical
The incident ray that the luminous point crossed on projection screen projects is successively by the refraction twice in measurement space, lens by object space telecentric stop pair
Deviation light is screened and is converged in CCD camera, so that CCD camera shoots the deviation light of convergence and obtains shadow
Picture, compared with traditional Hartmann's method, the present invention using projection screen, lens, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera combination light
Design is learned instead of Hartmann's screen, the track of imaging ray is limited, realizes the quick trace of light.
In the present invention, the measuring system of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing further includes measurement annulus, is thrown
Shadow screen, lens are each provided on the inner wall of measurement annulus, and measurement space is the border circular areas being arranged concentrically with measurement annulus, circle
The radius in domain is less than the radius of measurement annulus, and optical axis passes through the center of circle of measurement annulus and border circular areas, and projection screen and lens are with circle
It is symmetrical set centered on the heart.The measurement annulus and border circular areas being arranged concentrically further improve the accuracy and effect of measurement
Rate.
In the present invention, projection screen, lens, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera are made of 4-8 group, 4-8 group projection screen, thoroughly
Mirror, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera are uniformly distributed along 360 degree of circumferential directions of measurement annulus, form multiple groups back projection type Hart
Graceful system and its cross section for measuring light section, every group of back projection type Hartmann system obtain light and exist according to ray tracing, measurement
The linear displacement generated in the measurement direction, and according to multiple measurement direction glazed thread traces as a result, in conjunction with corresponding anti-
Integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm calculates the delta data for obtaining the refractive index of gas-liquid mixed media of tested three-dimensional space, into
One step improves the accuracy and efficiency of measurement.
In the present invention, the angle corresponding relationship between incident ray and refracted light, foundation are derived by by formula (A)
Formula (A) is derived by the relationship of deflection angle theta and image position deviation as shown in formula (B), thus by formula (A) and public
Formula (B) obtains the relationship between the integral and blurring amount of the gradient of the gas-liquid mixed media refractive index as shown in formula (C).
In the present invention, CCD camera is connect with projection screen, and CCD camera is by the image transmission for shooting and obtaining to projection screen, shadow
As being shown on projection screen.
In the present invention, the gas-liquid mixed media of measurement space interior flowing generates temperature field and/or pressure field, measures space
Equipped with the temperature-adjusting device for adjusting temperature field existing for measurement space interior, realize to due to temperature, pressure, flowing
The measurement of the gas-liquid mixed media of formation.Wherein, gas-liquid mixed media is oil-water mixture, and pressure field is by gas-liquid mixed media stream
Movable property is raw；Temperature-adjusting device includes heating temperature-control system, thermostatic control system, and stationary temperature field is mentioned by temperature-adjusting device
For.
The present invention has significant technical effect: using colored three step phase-shifting methods, knot due to using above technical scheme
The anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm for closing three-dimensional non-uniform dielectric field, is set by the combination of projection screen and telecentric optical system
It sets, realize the accurate trace of the measurement light to gas-liquid mixed media and the transient state refracting characteristic of three-dimensional space refractive index is surveyed
Amount, substantially increases measuring accuracy and efficiency；And the overall system design is accurate, and measurement accuracy is high, and cost is relatively low, application
Range is wide, has important theory significance and engineering application value, is suitble to promote and apply.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram using the measuring system of traditional Hartmann's method.
Fig. 2 is that the measuring principle of the measuring system of the non-uniform dielectric field of the invention based on Hartmann's ray tracing is implemented
The structural schematic diagram of example.
Fig. 3 is the back projection type Hartmann of the invention being made of 4 groups of projection screens, lens, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera
The structural schematic diagram of measuring system embodiment.
Fig. 4 is the phase images of -2 π/3 that projection screen of the invention is shown in a lateral direction.
Fig. 5 is 0 phase images that projection screen of the invention is shown in a lateral direction.
Fig. 6 is the phase images of 2 π/3 that projection screen of the invention is shown in a lateral direction.
Fig. 7 is the phase images of -2 π/3 that projection screen of the invention is shown in a longitudinal direction.
Fig. 8 is 0 phase images that projection screen of the invention is shown in a longitudinal direction.
Fig. 9 is the phase images of 2 π/3 that projection screen of the invention is shown in a longitudinal direction.
Figure 10 is the RGB color phase images synthesized by Fig. 4,5,6,7,8,9 that projection screen of the invention is shown.
Specific embodiment
Present invention is further described in detail with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The measurement method of non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing, as shown in Figure 2,3, including it is following specific interior
Hold:
Spherical surface incident ray is projected to measurement space 3 using each luminous point on projection screen 2 as point light source, wherein there is one
With optical axis 1 formed deflection angle be θ spherical surface incident ray penetrate measurement space 3 inside non-uniform dielectric field reflect to be formed it is parallel
In the deviation light of optical axis 1, the deviation light directive lens 4 for being parallel to optical axis 1 projected from measurement space 3, lens 4 are to parallel
It is reflected again in the deviation light of optical axis 1, the deviation light after reflecting again is screened by object space telecentric stop 5
And converge in CCD camera 6, the deviation light of 6 pairs of CCD camera convergences is shot and obtains image；It is derived by formula (A)
The angle corresponding relationship between incident ray and refracted light is obtained, is derived by as shown in formula (B) partially according to formula (A)
The relationship of rotational angle theta and image position deviation, to obtain the gas-liquid mixed as shown in formula (C) by formula (A) and formula (B)
Relationship between the integral and blurring amount of the refractive index gradient of medium；Wherein, formula (A), formula (B), formula (C) difference
It is as follows:
Wherein, z is 1 direction of optical axis,Variable quantity respectively in X, Y, Z axis, n are space refraction
Rate,For the variation of spatial refractive index, F is 4 focal length of lens, and δ is the pixel of image on the imaging screen of CCD camera 6
Displacement, S1For object space telecentric stop 5 rear focus and CCD camera 6 the distance between imaging screen, L be projection screen 2 with
Measure the distance between the ejecting end in space 3.
In the present embodiment, the gas-liquid mixed media of measurement 3 internal flow of space generates temperature field and/or pressure field, realizes
Measurement to the gas-liquid mixed media formed due to temperature, pressure, flowing.Wherein, gas-liquid mixed media is natural gas and oil
Gas-liquid mixture liquid stream, pressure field by gas-liquid mixed media flow generate；Space 3 is measured to be equipped with for adjusting in measurement space 3
The temperature-adjusting device in temperature field existing for portion, temperature-adjusting device include heating temperature-control system, thermostatic control system, constant
Temperature field is provided by temperature-adjusting device.
In the present embodiment, phase information is calculated image and obtained using three step phase-shifting methods of colour, is believed by phase
Cease the light refractive properties and correspondence of the image for determining that the luminous point on projection screen 2 is generated later by the refraction of gas-liquid mixed media
Relationship, to realize ray tracing；Colored three step phase-shifting methods include following particular content:
By modulation intelligence I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6It is modulated to tri- differences of R, G, B of colored RGB respectively by brightness subregion
In channel, make tri- different channels R, G, B of the colored RGB on projection screen 2 and CCD camera 6 respectively horizontal and vertical two
Three phase images are respectively exported and acquired on a direction and obtain three phase informations, and CCD camera 6 passes three phase informations
Transport to projection screen 2；The RGB triple channel information M=[RGB] ' that CCD camera 6 acquires, RGB triple channel information are calculated by formula (D)
M and actual RGB triple channel information N=[rgb] ' by transition matrix A and background matrix M0=[R0G0B0] ' real by formula (E)
Now convert；It is final to realize the measurement of transient state refracting characteristic according to the actual RGB triple channel information N being calculated；Wherein, it projects
The cosine wave that 2 three outs of phase of display of screen are moved, in horizontal and vertical both direction more than respective three outs of phase shifting
String wave modulation information I1、I2、I3、I4、I5、I6It is calculated respectively by formula (F), formula (G), at horizontal and vertical two
The cosine wave that respective three outs of phase are moved on direction as shown in Fig. 4,5,6,7,8,9, is synthesized respectively by Fig. 4,5,6,7,8,9
RGB color phase images be the spacing phase images of 2 π/3 as shown in Figure 10；Respectively by formula (H), public formula (I) to CCD
Three phase images that camera 6 acquires are calculated and are obtained the phase information of each pixel, to each obtained pixel
Phase information and projection screen 2 on the cosine wave striped that moves of three outs of phase showing compare, so that it is determined that projection screen 2
On luminous point by the light refractive properties and corresponding relationship of the image generated after the refraction of inhomogeneous medium field, to realize
Ray tracing；Formula (D), (E), (F), (G), (H), (I) are as follows respectively:
M=AN+M0(E),
Wherein, I'(x, y) it is background gray levels, I " (x, y) is modulation gray value；
Wherein, φ1(x,y)、φ2(x, y) is phase information.
In the present embodiment, gas-liquid existing for 3 inside of measurement space is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm
The delta data of the refractive index of blending agent；Anti- integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm includes following particular content: being established with gas-liquid
The index distribution of blending agent is the ill-condition matrix of variable, is then solved to ill-condition matrix, so that Problems of Reconstruction be turned
It is changed to the Solve problems of ill-condition matrix；Wherein, it is obtained as shown in formula (J) later by carrying out deformation to formula (C) with discrete
Ill-condition matrix:
T=WDS2(J),
Wherein T be image picture point displacement information matrix, W be model coefficient matrix, D be variations in refractive index to be solved to
Moment matrix, S2It is projection matrix.
The measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing of the present embodiment is by based on Hartmann
The measuring system of the non-uniform dielectric field of ray tracing realizes, the measurement of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing
System, as shown in Figure 2,3, including inside there are the measurement space 3 of non-uniform dielectric field, for projecting spherical surface to measurement space 3
The projection screen 2 of incident ray, the spherical surface incident ray for projecting to the luminous point on projection screen 2 penetrate inside measurement space 3
The deviation light that the refraction of non-uniform dielectric field is formed in parallel with optical axis 1 is screened and pools the object space telecentric optics system of image
System measures space 3 between projection screen 2 and object space telecentric optical system；Image is counted using three step phase-shifting methods of colour
Phase information is calculated and obtained, the light refractive properties and corresponding relationship of image are determined by phase information；Using anti-integral curve
The delta data of gas-liquid mixed media refractive index existing for 3 inside of measurement space is calculated in three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm.
In the present embodiment, object space telecentric optical system includes for rolling over to the deviation light projected from measurement space 3
The lens 4 penetrated, the CCD camera 6 for image to be shot and obtained to the deviation light of convergence, for what is projected to lens 4
Deviation light is screened and is converged in the object space telecentric stop 5 in CCD camera 6, and it is remote with object space that lens 4 are located at measurement space 3
Between heart diaphragm 5, object space telecentric stop 5 is between lens 4 and CCD camera 6, projection screen 2, measurement space 3, lens 4, object space
Telecentric stop 5, CCD camera 6 are center axis with optical axis 1 and successively face is arranged.In the present invention, on projection screen
Each luminous point is point light source to measurement space injection spherical surface incident ray, wherein having one to form deflection angle with optical axis is θ's
The non-uniform dielectric field refraction that spherical surface incident ray penetrates measurement space interior is formed in parallel with the deviation light of optical axis, from measurement
The deviation light directive lens for being parallel to optical axis that space is projected, lens roll over the deviation light for being parallel to optical axis again
It penetrates, the deviation light after reflecting again is screened by object space telecentric stop and converged in CCD camera, CCD camera pair
The deviation light of convergence is shot and obtains image, it may be assumed that the spherical surface incident ray projected by luminous point on projection screen is successively
Refraction twice by measuring space, lens is screened deviation light by object space telecentric stop and is converged in CCD camera,
So that CCD camera is shot and is obtained image to the deviation light of convergence, with traditional Hartmann's method phase shown in FIG. 1
Than, the present embodiment using projection screen, lens, object space telecentric stop, CCD camera combination optical design instead of Hartmann's screen 8,
The track of imaging ray is limited, the quick trace of light is realized.
In the present embodiment, the measuring system of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing further includes measurement annulus 7,
Projection screen 2, lens 4 are each provided on the inner wall of measurement annulus 7, and measurement space 3 is the circle being arranged concentrically with measurement annulus 7
Domain, the radius of border circular areas are less than the radius of measurement annulus 7, and optical axis 1 passes through the center of circle of measurement annulus 7 and border circular areas, projection
Screen 2 is symmetrical set centered on the center of circle with lens 4.
In the present embodiment, projection screen 2, lens 4, object space telecentric stop 5, CCD camera 6 are constituted by 4 groups, 4 groups of projection screens 2,
Lens 4, object space telecentric stop 5, CCD camera 6 are uniformly distributed along 360 degree of circumferential directions of measurement annulus 7.
In the present embodiment, the angle corresponding relationship between incident ray and refracted light is derived by by formula (A), according to
The relationship of deflection angle theta and image position deviation as shown in formula (B) is derived by according to formula (A), thus by formula (A) and
Formula (B) obtains the relationship between the integral and blurring amount of the gas-liquid mixed media refractive index gradient as shown in formula (C).
In the present embodiment, CCD camera 6 is connect with projection screen 2, and CCD camera 6 extremely projects the image transmission for shooting and obtaining
Screen 2, image is shown on projection screen 2.
In the present embodiment, the gas-liquid mixed media of measurement space interior flowing generates temperature field and/or pressure field, and measurement is empty
Between be equipped with for adjusts measure space interior existing for temperature field temperature-adjusting device, realize to due to temperature, pressure, stream
The measurement of the dynamic gas-liquid mixed media formed.Wherein, gas-liquid mixed media is oil-water mixture, and pressure field is by gas-liquid mixed media
Flowing generates；Temperature-adjusting device includes heating temperature-control system, thermostatic control system, and stationary temperature field is by temperature-adjusting device
It provides.
In short, the foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, it is all according to equalization made by scope of the present invention patent
Variation and modification, shall all be covered by the patent of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. the measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field based on Hartmann's ray tracing, it is characterised in that: including following particular content:
Spherical surface incident ray is projected to measurement space (3) using each luminous point on projection screen (2) as point light source, wherein there is one
Deflection angle is formed with optical axis (1) to reflect to be formed for non-uniform dielectric field that the spherical surface incident ray of θ penetrates measurement space (3) inside
It is parallel to the deviation light of optical axis (1), the deviation light directive lens for being parallel to optical axis (1) projected from measurement space (3)
(4), lens (4) reflect the deviation light for being parallel to optical axis (1) again, and the deviation light after reflecting again passes through object
Square telecentric stop (5) is screened and is converged on CCD camera (6), and CCD camera (6) shoots the deviation light of convergence
And obtain image；It is derived by the angle corresponding relationship between incident ray and refracted light by formula (A), according to formula
(A) it is derived by the relationship of deflection angle theta and image position deviation as shown in formula (B), to pass through formula (A) and formula
(B) relationship between the integral and blurring amount of the refractive index gradient of the gas-liquid mixed media as shown in formula (C) is obtained；Its
In, formula (A), formula (B), formula (C) are as follows respectively:
Wherein, z is optical axis (1) direction,Variable quantity respectively in X, Y, Z axis, n are spatial refractive index,For the variation of spatial refractive index, F is lens (4) focal length, and δ is the pixel of image on the imaging screen of CCD camera (6)
Displacement, S1For the rear focus of object space telecentric stop (5) and the distance between the imaging screen of CCD camera (6), L is to throw
The distance between the ejecting end of shadow screen (2) and measurement space (3).
2. the measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field according to claim 1 based on Hartmann's ray tracing, feature exist
In: the gas-liquid mixed media of measurement space (3) internal flow generates temperature field and/or pressure field.
3. the measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field according to claim 1 or 2 based on Hartmann's ray tracing, feature
It is: is calculated image and obtained phase information using colored three step phase-shifting methods, projection screen (2) are determined by phase information
On luminous point by the light refractive properties and corresponding relationship of the image generated after the refraction of gas-liquid mixed media, to realize
Ray tracing.
4. the measurement method of the non-uniform dielectric field according to claim 3 based on Hartmann's ray tracing, feature exist
In: the refraction of gas-liquid mixed media existing for measurement space (3) inside is calculated using anti-integral curve three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm
The delta data of rate.
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