CN109882161B - Method for simulating gas injection migration rule of fracture-cavity oil reservoir - Google Patents
Method for simulating gas injection migration rule of fracture-cavity oil reservoir Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for simulating a gas injection migration rule of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps: preparing a first substance and a second substance which are both in liquid state at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the density difference between the first substance and the second substance is the same as the density difference between crude oil and gas, the density of the crude oil is the density of the crude oil under the fracture-cavity oil reservoir environment, and the density of the gas is the density of injected gas under the fracture-cavity oil reservoir environment; step two: preparing a simulation model at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the simulation model is a crack model or a crack-karst cave model; step three: under normal temperature and normal pressure, a first substance is used for simulating crude oil, a second substance is used for simulating gas, the first substance is filled in a simulation model, then the second substance is injected into the simulation model, and the migration rule of gas injected into the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is simulated through the migration rule of the second substance. The method can be carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, has low cost and large visual range, and can accurately simulate the gas injection migration rule of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development, in particular to a method for simulating a gas injection and migration rule of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
Background
The Tarim basin is an important oil-gas basin in China, and the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir reserves are rich. The reservoir of the fracture-cave carbonate reservoir has extremely strong heterogeneity, and the tower river oil field utilizes the water injection oil extraction technology to inject salt water to lift the crude oil liquid level at the lower part of the fracture-cave body, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing oil. When the water injection well is out of work, nitrogen can be injected to displace attic oil on the upper part of the fracture-cavity body, thereby solving the difficult problems of high initial yield and quick failure of the oil reservoir. On the basis of single well gas injection, residual oil among the fracture-cavity bodies is obtained by using unit gas injection, and large-scale oil increase of a well group is realized. In the Tahe oil field, gas injection pilot test is carried out from 2012, gas injection is accumulated by 9.4 hundred million square, and oil increase is 264 million tons.
Physical simulation is a method of simulating real physical processes through laboratory physical experiments. For the development of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir, a physical simulation method can be adopted to simulate the water injection and gas injection development process of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir under the condition of a complex stratum, and the method has important significance for formulating a scientific development technical policy which accords with the actual oil field and achieving the aim of developing the oil field economically, reasonably and efficiently.
At present, two methods are generally used for carrying out physical simulation on the water injection development process of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir. One is that under normal temperature and pressure, carry on the physical simulation through the physical analog device, the physical analog device can adopt the similar model based on the portrayal of the seismic data (the "fracture-cavity oil reservoir large-scale visualization water displacement oil physical analog experiment and mechanism [ J ], geological science and technology information, 2010,29 (2): 77-80", etc. that the people put forward by Zheng Xiao Min, Sunlei, Wang Lei, etc.), can also adopt the regular model (the "fracture-cavity unit water displacement oil injection mechanism experimental research [ J ], scientific technology and engineering, 2015,15 (18): 50-54", etc.); the other is physical simulation under high temperature and high pressure through a physical simulation device, and similarly, the physical simulation device can adopt a similar model (a multi-well slotted hole unit water drive water breakthrough mode macroscopic three-dimensional physical simulation [ J ], oil exploration and development, 2014,41 (6): 717 and 722' and the like proposed by Houjiui, Lihabo, ginger and yoga and the like) carved based on seismic data, and can also adopt a regular model (a slotted hole type medium flow mechanism experiment and numerical simulation research, 2009, doctor paper and the like proposed by Wangsheng).
The two physical simulation methods can be used for simulating a water flooding development rule and can better guide field practice and oil field development. However, when the same method is used to simulate gas injection development, the following technical problems exist:
firstly, when gas injection simulation is carried out through a physical simulation device at normal temperature and normal pressure, the density of gas cannot be well simulated, because the density of nitrogen injected into an oil reservoir is approximately 0.35g/cm in the actual oil extraction process3The density of nitrogen gas is about 0.00125g/cm at normal temperature and normal pressure3Without special treatment, the gas density gap is too large, which can result in large differences in the displacement rate and migration laws in the simulation from what is actually the case in the formation.
Secondly, if the gas density is well simulated, simulation is carried out under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure of about 60MPa and 120 degrees, and although the physical device under the high temperature and high pressure can simulate the development law of gas injection under the formation condition, the physical device under the high temperature and high pressure has high manufacturing cost (generally, the price of each set of physical device reaches 50-150 ten thousand yuan), the visible range is small (the size of a sight window under the high pressure of 30MPa is not more than 25cm2), and the equipment is heavy; meanwhile, the simulation environment with high temperature and high pressure has potential danger to the experimenters.
Therefore, how to provide a method which can be carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, has low cost and a large visualization range and can accurately simulate the gas injection migration rule of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method which can be carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, has low cost and large visual range and can accurately simulate the gas injection and gas migration law of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir.
The invention provides a method for simulating a gas injection migration rule of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a first substance and a second substance which are both in liquid state at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the density difference between the first substance and the second substance is the same as the density difference between crude oil and gas, the density of the crude oil is the density of the crude oil in the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir environment, and the density of the gas is the density of injected gas in the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir environment;
step two: preparing a simulation model at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the simulation model is a crack model or a crack-karst cave model;
step three: under normal temperature and normal pressure, the first substance is used for simulating crude oil, the second substance is used for simulating gas, the first substance is filled in the simulation model, then the second substance is injected into the simulation model, and the migration rule of gas injected by the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is simulated through the migration rule of the second substance.
Preferably, the order of step one and step two may be interchanged.
Preferably, the first substance is saline and the second substance is a dyed oil that exhibits a different color than the saline.
Preferably, the gas is nitrogen.
Preferably, the simulation model is a fracture-karst cave model, the fracture-karst cave model includes four karst caves, the four karst caves are identical in shape and are all spheres, the four karst caves are distributed and arranged at four vertices of a rectangle, two karst caves are located on the same higher horizontal plane, the other two karst caves are located on the same lower horizontal plane, four sides of the rectangle are the four fractures, each fracture is respectively communicated with the two karst caves at two ends of the fracture, each karst cave is also respectively communicated with another fracture, and the fracture width of the fracture is not less than 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the diameter of the cavern is 10 mm.
Preferably, the simulation model is a crack model, the crack model comprises two cracks which are arranged in parallel from top to bottom, the two horizontal cracks are communicated through two vertical cracks which are arranged in parallel, and the crack widths of the two horizontal cracks and the two vertical cracks are not less than 0.1 mm.
Preferably, the slit widths of the two horizontal slits and the two vertical slits range from 0.5 to 3 mm.
Preferably, the two horizontal slits and the two vertical slits have a slit width of 0.5mm or 1mm or 2mm or 3 mm.
Preferably, the second substance is dyed oil, and the fracture-karst cave model is adopted for simulation, wherein the fracture width of the fracture-karst cave model is 1mm, the diameter of the karst cave is 10mm, and the configuration density is 1200kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the crude oil, and has a density of 800kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.6 m/s.
Preferably, the second substance is dyed oil, and the fracture-karst cave model is adopted for simulation, wherein the fracture width of the fracture-karst cave model is 1mm, the diameter of the karst cave is 10mm, and the configuration density is 1220kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the crude oil, and has a density of 820kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.4 m/s.
Preferably, the second substance is dyed oil, and the fracture-karst cave model is adopted for simulation, wherein the fracture width of the fracture-karst cave model is 1mm, the diameter of the karst cave is 10mm, and the configuration density is 1200kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the sourceOil, configured density of 800kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.8 m/s.
Preferably, the method further comprises the following step four: and verifying the reliability of the migration rule simulated by the simulation model by adopting a VOF numerical simulation method.
Preferably, in the first step, a dye with color is added to the first substance or the second substance,
or, adding a first dye to the first substance, adding a second dye to the second substance, wherein the first dye and the second dye are two dyes with different colors.
The method for simulating the gas injection migration rule of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the fact that the migration form of gas injected into the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir is gravity differentiation and hole top drift related to a fracture-cavity structure, the method simulates crude oil by adopting a first substance and gas by adopting a second substance under the normal-temperature and normal-pressure environment, and realizes the purpose of observing the migration rule of the gas injected under the condition of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir by simulating the density difference between the gas and the crude oil under the condition of the oil reservoir, and further guides the actual gas injection development of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir with high efficiency; the simulation model used in the method is operated under the environment of normal temperature and normal pressure, the cost is low, the operation process is safe, and meanwhile, the whole set of equipment can be globally visible and is far larger than the visible range of high temperature and high pressure, so that the gas flow rule in the fracture-cavity oil reservoir can be observed more clearly.
Preferably, the first substance is saline water, and the second substance is dyed oil which presents a color different from that of the saline water, and the substance is easy to obtain, so that the cost of the method can be further reduced, and meanwhile, the first substance and the second substance are conveniently distinguished, and the migration rule of the second substance is easy to observe.
Preferably, the gas is nitrogen, which is readily available and relatively inexpensive.
Preferably, the simulation model is a regular crack-karst cave model or a crack model, and the simulation model is easy to manufacture.
Preferably, the width of the crack in the simulation model is not less than 0.1mm, so as to ensure that the oil of the simulation gas can smoothly pass through the crack.
Preferably, the characteristics of the substances used in the simulation method, such as density, viscosity and the like, are input into the VOF model, the VOF model is subjected to numerical calculation and converted into a picture of a specific simulated gas migration rule, and then the migration rule of the gas actually observed in the method is compared with the numerical simulation picture for verification, so that the simulation reliability of the method can be further determined, and a more reliable basis is provided for actual oil field development.
Preferably, in the first step, a dye with color is added to the first substance or the second substance, or a first dye is added to the first substance and a second dye is added to the second substance, and the first dye and the second dye are two dyes with different colors, so that the two dyes can be easily distinguished.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture-cavern model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a third embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in fig. 1-5 are as follows:
1 karst cave, 2 cracks, 3 saline, 4 oil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1-5, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture-cavern model provided by the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fracture model provided by the present invention; FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a first embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of simulation of gas migration law of gas injection of a fracture-cavity reservoir in a third embodiment of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for simulating a gas injection migration rule of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir, which comprises the following steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a first substance and a second substance which are both in liquid state at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the density difference between the first substance and the second substance is the same as the density difference between crude oil and gas, the density of the crude oil is the density of the crude oil under the fracture-cavity oil reservoir environment, and the density of the gas is the density of injected gas under the fracture-cavity oil reservoir environment;
step two: preparing a simulation model at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the simulation model is a communicated crack model or a communicated crack-cave model;
step three: under normal temperature and normal pressure, a first substance is used for simulating crude oil, a second substance is used for simulating gas, the first substance is filled in a simulation model, then the second substance is injected into the simulation model, and the migration rule of gas injected into the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is simulated through the migration rule of the second substance.
According to the fact that the migration form of gas injected into the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir is gravity differentiation and hole top drift related to a fracture-cavity structure, the method simulates crude oil by adopting a first substance at normal temperature and normal pressure, simulates gas by adopting a second substance, and realizes the purpose of observing the migration rule of the gas injected under the condition of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir by simulating the density difference between the gas and the crude oil under the condition of the oil reservoir, and further guides the actual gas injection development of the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir with high efficiency; the simulation model used in the method is operated under the environment of normal temperature and normal pressure, the cost is low, the operation process is safe, and meanwhile, the whole set of equipment can be globally visible and is far larger than the visible range of high temperature and high pressure, so that the gas flow rule in the fracture-cavity oil reservoir can be observed more clearly.
The order of the first step and the second step is not limited, and the two steps can be interchanged.
In this method, the first substance is, in practice, a common brine 3, i.e. made up of sodium chloride, which is made up in practice of a high-density brine, and the second substance is an oil 4 dyed in a colour different from that of the brine, which oil may be crude oil actually produced from underground.
The first substance is brine 3, the second substance is oil 4, and both substances are easy to obtain, so that the cost of the method can be further reduced.
In practical gas injection oil recovery processes, readily available nitrogen is often injected, so in this process, the preferred gas is also nitrogen.
Further, as shown in fig. 1, the simulation model may be a fracture-karst cave model, which includes four karst caves 1, the four karst caves 1 have the same shape and are all spheres, the four karst caves 1 are distributed and arranged at four vertices of a rectangle, two karst caves 1 are located on the same higher horizontal plane, the other two karst caves 1 are located on the same lower horizontal plane, four sides of the rectangle are four fractures 2, each fracture 2 is respectively communicated with two karst caves 1 at two ends thereof, each karst cave 1 is also respectively communicated with another fracture 2, wherein the fracture width of the fracture is not less than 0.1 mm.
The crack-cave model is a regular model and is easy to manufacture. Of course, it is also possible to make a simulation model of irregularities, such as cavities having different diameters and cracks having different widths. The width of the crack is required to be not less than 0.1mm so as to ensure that the oil of the simulation gas can smoothly pass through the crack.
In the actual simulation process, oil 4 simulating gas is injected through the crack 2, the oil 4 enters the karst cave along the crack 2, the whole process is observed, and the migration rule of underground nitrogen injected in the actual oil extraction process can be known by observing the movement process of the oil 4. The simulation can be divided into multiple times, the speed of injecting oil 4 can be different in each simulation, and then the migration rule of the gas can be simulated by observing the corresponding migration rule after the gas is injected into the underground oil deposit at the same speed, for example, if the speed of injecting oil 4 is lower, the gas can not smoothly pass through the simulation model, and therefore, in the actual oil production process, nitrogen gas is injected into the oil deposit at a numerical speed higher than the speed. Therefore, the simulation can guide the actual gas injection development of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir, and further improve the oil extraction efficiency and the oil extraction amount.
Wherein, the diameter of the karst cave 1 can be 10 mm.
Due to the structure and complexity of the actual underground fracture-cavity type reservoir, the simulation model is not limited to the above, for example, a fracture model shown in fig. 2 may also be adopted, which includes two fractures 2 arranged in parallel up and down, the two horizontal fractures 2 are respectively communicated through two vertical fractures 2 arranged in parallel, and the fracture widths of the two horizontal fractures 2 and the two vertical fractures 2 are not less than 0.1 mm.
Further, the width of the crack ranges from 0.5mm to 3 mm.
Further, the width of the slit is 0.5mm or 1mm or 2mm or 3 mm.
In the invention, as shown in fig. 3-5, three embodiments of the method are respectively shown, and the simulated gas injection corresponding migration rule of the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is displayed.
The simulation models adopted in the three embodiments are all fracture-karst cave models, and the fracture width and the karst cave diameter of the fracture-karst cave models are 1mm and 10mm respectively.
In the first embodiment, the arrangement density is 1220kg/m3Brine 3 as a first material to simulate the crude oil, configured at a density of 820kg/m3The oil 4 is a second substance to simulate nitrogen, the saline water is firstly injected into the crack-cave model, then the oil 4 is injected into the simulation model at the speed of 0.6m/s, the migration rule is shown in figure 3, after the oil 4, namely simulated gas enters the cave, the simulated gas is beaten on the wall surface of the cave along the jet flow direction to form rotational flow and generate crushing, one part enters the next cave along the communication crack, and the other part is gathered at the top of the cave. From the display of the migration law of this example, it can be seen that when nitrogen gas is injected into the actual fracture-cavity pattern at a rate of 0.6m/sThe migration of this nitrogen after the reservoir.
In the second embodiment, the arrangement density is 1220kg/m3Brine 3 as the first material to simulate crude oil, with a configured density of 820kg/m3The oil 4 is a second substance to simulate nitrogen, the brine is firstly injected into the crack-karst cave model, then the oil 4 is injected into the simulation model at the speed of 0.4m/s, the migration rule is as shown in figure 4, the oil 4, namely simulated 'gas', gradually takes a spherical shape after entering the karst cave, under the jet effect of liquid, oil drops are divided into an upper part and a lower part, the upper oil drops are gathered at the top of the karst cave, and the lower oil drops are fleed to the next karst cave. From the display of the migration law of this example, it can be seen that the migration law of nitrogen gas is observed after the nitrogen gas is injected into the actual fracture-cavity reservoir at a rate of 0.4 m/s.
In the third embodiment, the arrangement density was 1200kg/m3Brine 3 as the first material to simulate crude oil, with a configured density of 800kg/m3The oil 4 is a second substance to simulate nitrogen, the saline water is firstly injected into the crack-cave model, then the oil 4 is injected into the simulation model at the speed of 0.8m/s, the migration rule is shown in figure 5, after the oil 4, namely simulated gas enters the cave, the oil is crushed in the crack, and after the oil enters the cave, the oil is beaten on the wall surface of the cave along the direction of jet flow to form rotational flow and be crushed, part of the oil enters the next cave along the communication crack, and part of the oil is gathered at the top of the cave. From the display of the migration law of this example, it can be seen that the migration law of nitrogen gas is observed when nitrogen gas is injected into an actual fracture-cavity reservoir at a rate of 0.8 m/s.
The migration law of the oil 4 in the above three embodiments can be shown by fig. 3-5, and can guide the migration law of nitrogen in a fracture-cavity type oil reservoir when nitrogen is injected at the same speed in the actual oil production process.
Further, the method also comprises the fourth step of: and verifying the reliability of the migration rule simulated by the simulation model by adopting a VOF numerical simulation method.
The characteristics of the substances used in the simulation method, such as density, viscosity and the like, are input into the VOF model, numerical calculation is carried out in the VOF model and the VOF model is converted into a picture of a specific simulated gas migration rule, and then the migration rule of the gas actually observed in the method is compared with the numerical simulation picture for verification, so that the simulation reliability of the method can be further determined, and a more reliable basis is provided for actual oil field development.
Further, in the first step, a dye with color is added into the first substance or the second substance,
alternatively, a first dye is added to a first substance and a second dye is added to a second substance, the first and second dyes being two dyes of different colors.
This operation makes it easy to distinguish the first substance from the second substance.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. A method for simulating a gas injection migration rule of a fracture-cavity oil reservoir is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing a first substance and a second substance which are both in liquid state at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the density difference between the first substance and the second substance is the same as the density difference between crude oil and gas, the density of the crude oil is the density of the crude oil in the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir environment, and the density of the gas is the density of injected gas in the fracture-cavity type oil reservoir environment;
step two: preparing a simulation model at normal temperature and normal pressure, wherein the simulation model is a crack-karst cave model;
step three: under normal temperature and normal pressure, the first substance is used for simulating crude oil, the second substance is used for simulating gas, the first substance is filled in the simulation model, then the second substance is injected into the simulation model, and the migration rule of gas injected by the fracture-cavity oil reservoir is simulated through the migration rule of the second substance.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the order of step one and step two is interchangeable.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first substance is saline and the second substance is a dyed oil that exhibits a different color than the saline.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the gas is nitrogen.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the fracture-cavern model comprises four caverns, four of the caverns are identical in shape and are all spherical, the four caverns are distributed and arranged at four vertices of a rectangle, two caverns are located at a higher same horizontal plane, the other two caverns are located at a lower same horizontal plane, four sides of the rectangle are four fractures, each fracture is communicated with two caverns at two ends of the fracture respectively, each cavern is also communicated with the other fracture respectively, and the fracture width of each fracture is not less than 0.1 mm.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the diameter of the cavern is 10 mm.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the second substance is a dyed oil, and the fracture-cavern model is used for simulation, and has a fracture width of 1mm, a cavern diameter of 10mm, and a deployment density of 1200kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the crude oil, and has a density of 800kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.6 m/s.
8. According to claimThe method of claim 6, wherein the second substance is dyed oil, and the fracture-karst cave model is used for simulation, and has a fracture width of 1mm, a karst cave diameter of 10mm, and a configuration density of 1220kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the crude oil, and has a density of 820kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.4 m/s.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the second substance is a dyed oil, and the fracture-cavern model is used for simulation, and has a fracture width of 1mm, a cavern diameter of 10mm, and a deployment density of 1200kg/m3Is the first substance to simulate the crude oil, and has a density of 800kg/m3The oil of (a) is the second substance to simulate the nitrogen, the brine is injected into the fracture-cavern model first, and then the oil is injected into the simulation model at a speed of 0.8 m/s.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of four: and verifying the reliability of the migration rule simulated by the simulation model by adopting a VOF numerical simulation method.
11. The method of claim 1, wherein in step one, a colored dye is added to the first substance or the second substance,
or, adding a first dye to the first substance, adding a second dye to the second substance, wherein the first dye and the second dye are two dyes with different colors.
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