CN109881057A - A kind of high-strength and high ductility material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of high-strength and high ductility material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-strength and high ductility materials, by following weight percentage at being grouped as: 0.6~0.8%Fe, 0.95~1.25%Cr, 2~6%Zn, 0.05~0.08%Pt, 2~6%Sn, 0.2~0.8%Bi, 0.01~0.04%Th, 0.1~0.5%Sb, 0.01~0.04%Dy, 0.01~0.04%P, remaining is Al；The solute atoms incorporated in solid solution increases the intensity of Alloy solid solution and hardness, with good stability, practicability and mechanical property.Preparation method uses the chilling action of pre- cold mould, promotes the refined crystalline strengthening of element.Metamorphic reaction is carried out using aluminium-antimony alloy when casting, the volume fraction of α phase crystal form can be effectively improved, improves alloy strength and hardness.Hot extrusion technique after casting, improves microstructure, improves mechanical property, can be widely applied to manufacturing field.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aluminum alloy materials fields more particularly to a kind of high-strength and high ductility material and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
From the 1950s, high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy is rapidly developed in aerospace field, becomes the present age
One of energy-efficient primary structural material of aircraft light weight.After high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy refers to thermally treated reinforcing, the plasticity needed for keeping
Simultaneously with fracture toughness, room temperature tensile intensity is greater than the aluminium alloy of 1100MPa, generally comprises α+part type, close of rich beta stable element
β type and metastable β type.
Α l is present in α phase with displacement format, is improved alloy strength, in crystallization temperature and transformation temperature, is belonged to α and stablize member
Element, Α L are one of most common alloying elements in alloy, mainly due to: (1) Α l content in the earth's crust is more, is easy to produce
And it is cheap, reduce cost of material；(2) Α l density is small, and the aluminium element of 1wt% can make intensity increase 50MPa, to mention
High alloy specific strength Α l, which can increase interatomic bonding force, makes crystal grain refinement, improves the elasticity modulus and elevated temperature strength of alloy.
Fe and Cr is preferentially dissolved in β phase with substitute mode, is had best solid solution strengthening effect, is belonged to slow eutectoid type β
Stable element.Aluminium alloy containing Fe and Cr will be slow generation eutectoid reaction, the change of precipitation when working long hours under the high temperature conditions
Closing object will lead to alloy embrittlement.In addition, in melting component segregation easily occurs for the aluminium alloy containing Fe, local transformation temperature is caused to be lower than
Basic body transforms temperature reduces alloy plasticity to generate " β spot ".
Sn and Zr has larger solubility in α phase and β Xiang Zhongjun, plays the role of supplement and strengthens, belongs to neutral element.Zr with
Ti belongs to congeners, will not reduce interatomic binding force, therefore influences on alloy plastic deformation ability smaller.The addition of Zr
Amount is unsuitable excessive, otherwise can accelerate alloy oxidation process.The high-temperature behavior of alloy can be improved in Sn, is the good of high temperature aluminium alloys
Alloying element.
In actual production, alloying element not only acts as the effect of solution strengthening, and the ratio that can also change phase in tissue is closed
System.Polynary aluminium alloy considers the multiple strengthening effect of alloying element by [Mo] eq value, when [Mo] eq is 10 or so, no matter
It is alloy intensity all with higher under annealing or solid solution aging state.When [Mo] eq is 10 or so, α phase and β in alloy
The volume fraction of phase is suitable, and the two mutually restricts, and inhibits crystal grain to grow up, so that the intensity of alloy be made to improve.[Mo] eq of alloy
When lower, β phase cannot be retained completely to room temperature during rapid cooling, and good strengthening effect is not achieved in alloy；But
The excessively high stability that can improve β phase in alloy of [Mo] eq, the secondaryαphase volume fraction being precipitated in ag(e)ing process are reduced, alloy
Strengthening effect weakens, therefore Liu's high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy carries out the additive amount that alloying element should be fully considered when ingredient design, no
Preferably it is excessive or very few, with [Mo] eq be 10 or so when preferably.
High-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy is mainly characterized by joined a large amount of beta stable element, so that the β after solution treatment is communicated
Crossing rapid cooling (water cooling or air-cooled) can all retain to room temperature, form " supercooling β phase ".Material after solution treatment is suitable
When aging temp under keep the temperature a period of time, a large amount of needle-shaped secondaryαphase of disperse educt, makes alloy strength significantly on β matrix
Improve [t5ol.In almost all of high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy containing 2%~5% α stable element Α l, this can not only be protected
α after card ageing treatment, the amount of precipitation of phase can also improve the intensity of α phase by way of solution strengthening.
Since cast Al-Si alloy malleability is poor, the country is almost all made of cast shaping process at present.But in conventional cast
In the microstructure of the alusil alloy obtained under the conditions of making, eutectic silicon is coarse gill shape, and primary silicon is coarse polygonal
Bulk makes alloy lose necessary service performance, while being degrading the machinability of alloy, can not be made by deformation
It is strengthened.Therefore, such alloy mechanical property is restricted.The cocrystallized Al-Si alloy obtained under the conditions of routine casting it is microcosmic
In tissue, there is the eutectic Si of lath-shaped, or even show big polygonal plate primary crystal Si, has seriously isolated 1 matrix of Α；
Cause stress to be concentrated at the tip of Si phase and edges and corners, alloy be easy to crack along the boundary of crystal grain or plate Si itself and
Crackle is formed, alloy is made to become fragile, mechanical performance especially elongation significantly reduces, and machinability is also bad.
Cocrystallized Al-Si alloy tensile sample port is cast there are apparent hole defect, such defect is since molten aluminum is solidifying
Volume contraction during Gu and cannot get molten aluminum supplement or due to process of setting gas precipitation and formed, and in casting
In be difficult to avoid that.On the one hand the presence of this kind of defect reduces the cross-sectional area of stress, be on the other hand easy at hole
It causes stress to concentrate, crackle generation and expansion is caused in loading process.
Gone bad using Sb, modification effect is slightly below Na, generallys use and closes among the Α l-Sb containing Sb5-8%
Sb is added in alloy by gold, and Sb has long-acting modification effect.Add the alloy of Sb alterant sensitive to solidification rate, such as solidifies
Modification effect can be reduced when cooling velocity is low or casting section thickness is larger.Sb can form Mg with the Mg in alloy3Sb2Compound reduces
The invigoration effect of Mg.Sb can with Na formed compound, therefore founding production in gone bad using Sb when, sodium salt cannot be used.
Chinese patent CN201310581912.8 discloses a kind of high-toughness casting aluminium alloy, ingredient percentage by weight
Than are as follows: Si:6.5~7.50%, Mg:0.3~0.45%, Sr:0.1~0.2%, Cu≤0.1%, Cr:0.02%, Ti≤
0.2%, Mn≤0.5%, Zn≤0.05%, Fe≤0.12%, surplus are Α l.High-toughness casting aluminum alloy tension of the present invention is strong
Degree is 250MPa, elongation 5%, Brinell hardness 80HBW.
The intensity and hardness of the aluminium alloy prepared in above-mentioned patent are unable to satisfy special dimension such as aviation, high pressure tank body pair
Rigors of material, and can not carry out cold and hot forging after casting, easy fracture, toughness are low.It is only produced and is closed by casting technique
Gold, the defects of inevitably occurring segregation, loose, stomata, slag inclusion, coarse crystal in alloy, lead to the hardness and toughness of alloy
Decline, solid solution and aging technique are simple, and the requirement of alloy rigidity can not be improved as far as possible under conditions of meeting toughness, therefore,
A kind of aluminum alloy materials of high-strength and high ductility of continual exploitation are to meet market and technical need.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention: the shortcomings that being directed to current cast Al-Si alloy, the present invention provides a kind of high
Strong high-ductility material, meeting while high-intensitive and hardness can forge, toughness requirements not easy to break.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides technical solution below:
A kind of high-strength and high ductility material, by following weight percentage at being grouped as: 0.6~0.8%Fe, 0.95~
1.25%Cr, 2~6%Zn, 0.05~0.08%Pt, 2~6%Sn, 0.2~0.8%Bi, 0.01~0.04%Th, 0.1~
0.5%Sb, 0.01~0.04%Dy, 0.01~0.04%P, remaining is Al；
Described Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are all larger than using pure material as raw material, purity is prepared
99.9%；Sb is as raw material is prepared in the form of aluminium-antimony alloy, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 10%, remaining is aluminium；P is with aluminium
Phosphorus alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of P is 10%, remaining is aluminium.
A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned high-strength and high ductility material includes following specific steps:
(1) Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al metal simple-substance are weighed according to list of ingredients and Phoral, aluminium antimony closes
Gold is used as raw material；
(2) raw material is put into melting in electrical crucible, smelting temperature is 790~820 DEG C, obtains master alloy liquid, drops
Temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when to pouring temperature being 740-760 DEG C, and the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 90~
125 millimeters, length is 200-250 millimeters；
(3) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 5~8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stand 2~4 hours at room temperature, demoulding
Take out casting；
(4) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 16:1；The deformation temperature be 400~450 DEG C, the strain rate be 0.001~
0.003s-1；
(5) 650~750 DEG C of 1.5~2h of solid solution, water cooling, 450~550 DEG C of timeliness 3~6h are air-cooled；
(6) it is placed under the conditions of 220~240 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 24~26 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Preferably, the fusion process is as follows:
(a) pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy are melted to 800~820 DEG C；
(b) Phoral after preheating is added, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing oxidation from being kept for 10-15 minutes；
(c) it is pressed into the pure zinc ingot through oil removing, preheating when 810 DEG C, is refined with nitrogen, leads to nitrogen 10~after twenty minutes, to
Raw material is all molten into aluminium alloy, can skim and go bad；
(d) aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using 1~5% aluminium-antimony alloy, and it is 760-820 DEG C that temperature, which is added, keeps the temperature 30-60
Minute；
(e) after the completion of going bad, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 15~20 minutes is stood after refining.
Preferably, the preheating temperature of Phoral is 300~400 DEG C in the step (b), pure zinc in the step (c)
The preheating temperature of ingot is 300-350 DEG C.
Preferably, the pre- cold mould the preparation method is as follows:
(1) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand is weighed, 3~4 parts by weight resin, 1~3 parts by weight curing agent,
0.1~0.2 parts by weight coupling agent, first mixes sand 2~5 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed 2~5
Minute, substance after mixing is filled into mold and hardens, form；
(2) at 25 DEG C, firm time is 15-25 minute, after from mould, immersed in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, guarantor
It is taken out after holding 20-40 minutes and is immediately available for being poured.
Preferably, the curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol mixed preparing, the weight of p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol
Amount is than being 2:6~7；The hardener dose is the 55~60% of weight resin, zirconium English in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand
Sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.2.
It is that the present invention obtains the utility model has the advantages that
(1) a kind of high-strength and high ductility material of the present invention has good mechanical property, while with good stability and real
With property, machine components manufacturing field etc. can be widely applied to.The solute atoms incorporated in solid solution causes distortion of lattice, and lattice is abnormal
Change increases the resistance of dislocation motion, and sliding is made to be difficult to carry out, so that the intensity of Alloy solid solution and hardness be made to increase.Fe,Zn,
Sn, Bi, P can realize solution strengthening, and alloying element, which is solid-solution in parent metal, causes a degree of distortion of lattice to make to close
The phenomenon that golden intensity improves.Th, Cr and Al can form dystectic compound, and Dispersed precipitate is in the base.Hardening constituent disperse
The essence of reinforcing is that the movement of dislocation is hindered using the ultrafine dust of disperse, to improve the mechanical property of material.Pt,Dy,Sb
Refined crystalline strengthening can be achieved, i.e., improve the intensity of metal by the refinement of crystallite size.Under external force, the dislocation on crystal boundary
Plug product generates a stress field, can be used as the driving force that dislocation source is started in activation neighboring die.
(2) chilling action of pre- cold mould promotes the refined crystalline strengthening of element.Since crystal boundary increases, before sliding onto crystal boundary
Dislocation stopped by crystal boundary.The plastic deformation of such a crystal grain can not be just propagate directly in adjacent crystal grain, and be caused
Dislocation pile up in flow crystal grain.Preparation method of the present invention is simpler, and production cost is low, is suitable for industrialized production.
(3) metamorphic reaction is carried out using aluminium-antimony alloy when casting, the volume fraction of α phase crystal form can be effectively improved, improves and closes
Golden intensity and hardness.
(4) hot extrusion technique after casting, makes the tensile strength under alloy casting state be increased to 382Mpa by 250Mpa, extends
Rate is increased to 7.2% by 5%, provides toughness condition for forging molding, while can improve microstructure, improves mechanics
Performance, alloy can further improve its institutional framework and mechanical property after subsequent forging processing.Forging side is passed through by cast sturcture
Due to the deformation of metal and recrystallization after method thermal processing distortion, make original large dendritic crystal and columnar grain become crystal grain it is relatively thin,
Isometric recrystallized structure of uniform size makes compactings and the soldering such as original segregation, loose, stomata, slag inclusion in alloy, tissue
Become even closer, improves the plasticity and mechanical property of metal material.
(5) solid solution and aging temp that appropriately select and time are remarkably improved the hardness of aluminum alloy materials, avoid timeliness
Decline with alloy ductility caused by solid solubility temperature is excessively high and timeliness overlong time.
Detailed description of the invention
The as-cast structure of Fig. 1 casting cocrystallized Al-Si alloy；
Fig. 2 casting process prepares the as-cast structure of alloy material in conjunction with hot extrusion deformation technique；
The fracture apperance of the high tough alloy sample of Fig. 3 present invention；
The as-cast structure of alloy after Fig. 4 aluminium-antimony alloy is rotten；
Alloy microstructure after Fig. 5 solid solution and ageing treatment.
Specific embodiment
Below by the description to embodiment, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail, with side
Those skilled in the art is helped to have more complete, accurate and deep understanding to inventive concept of the invention, technical solution.
Embodiment 1: it is prepared as follows high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy material:
One, the preparation of raw material:
Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are pure material in raw material, and purity is all larger than 99.9%；Sb is with aluminium antimony
Alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 10%, remaining is aluminium；P in the form of Phoral as
Raw material is prepared, wherein the weight percentage of P is 10%, remaining is aluminium.In addition to aluminium is aluminium ingot, remaining oligo-element raw material is
100 mesh powder of partial size.
Two, the preparation of high-strength and high ductility material:
(1) alloy is weighed by following weight percentage and prepare raw material: 0.6%Fe, 0.95%Cr, 2%Zn, 0.05%
Pt, 2%Sn, 0.2%Bi, 0.01%Th, 1% aluminium-antimony alloy, 0.01%Dy, 0.1% Phoral, remaining is Al；
(2) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand, 3 parts by weight resin, 1 weight the preparation of pre- cold mould: are weighed
Part curing agent, 0.1 parts by weight coupling agent first mix sand 2 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed 2 points
Clock；At 25 DEG C, firm time is 15 minutes, can be immersed in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, holding is taken out after twenty minutes from mould
It is immediately available for being poured.The curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol mixed preparing, the weight of p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol
Than for 2:6；Zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.2 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
(3) alloy being prepared into raw material and is put into melting in electrical crucible, smelting temperature is 790 DEG C, master alloy liquid is obtained,
It is cooled to and pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when pouring temperature is 740 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 90 millis
Rice, length are 200 millimeters；
(4) it keeps taking out casting mold and casting after five minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 2 hours at room temperature, casting is taken out in demoulding
Part；
(5) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 16:1；The deformation temperature is 400 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.001s-1；
(6) 650 DEG C of solid solution 1.5h, water cooling, 450 DEG C of timeliness 3h are air-cooled；
(7) it is placed under the conditions of 220 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 24 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 2:
One, the preparation of raw material:
Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are pure material in raw material, and purity is all larger than 99.9%；Sb is with aluminium antimony
Alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 10%, remaining is aluminium；P in the form of Phoral as
Raw material is prepared, wherein the weight percentage of P is 10%, remaining is aluminium.In addition to aluminium is aluminium ingot, remaining oligo-element raw material is
200 mesh powder of partial size.
Two, the preparation of high-strength and high ductility material:
(1) alloy is weighed by following weight percentage and prepare raw material: 0.8%Fe, 1.25%Cr, 6%Zn, 0.08%
Pt, 6%Sn, 0.8%Bi, 0.04%Th, 5% aluminium-antimony alloy, 0.04%Dy, 0.4% Phoral, remaining is Al；
(2) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand, 4 parts by weight resin, 3 weight the preparation of pre- cold mould: are weighed
Part curing agent, 0.2 parts by weight coupling agent first mix sand 5 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed 5 points
Clock；At 25 DEG C, firm time is 25 minutes, can be immersed in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, holding is taken out after forty minutes from mould
It is immediately available for being poured.The curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol mixed preparing, the weight of p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol
Than for 2:7；Zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.2 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
(3) alloy is prepared into raw material and is put into melting in electrical crucible, melt pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy extremely
820℃；Addition is preheated to 400 DEG C of Phoral, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing oxidation from being kept for 15 minutes；In 810 DEG C
When indentation through oil removing, be preheated to 350 DEG C of pure zinc ingot, refined with nitrogen, lead to nitrogen after twenty minutes, conjunction is all molten into raw material
Golden liquid can skim and go bad；Aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using 5% aluminium-antimony alloy, and it is 820 DEG C that temperature, which is added, heat preservation
60 minutes；After the completion of rotten, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 20 minutes is stood after refining, master alloy liquid is obtained, is cooled to and pours
Note temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when being 760 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 125 millimeters, and length is
250 millimeters；
(4) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 4 hours at room temperature, and casting is taken out in demoulding
Part；
(5) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 16:1；The deformation temperature is 450 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.003s-1；
(6) 750 DEG C of solid solution 2h, water cooling, 550 DEG C of timeliness 6h are air-cooled；
(7) it is placed under the conditions of 240 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 26 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 3:
One, the preparation of raw material:
Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are pure material in raw material, and purity is all larger than 99.8%；Sb is with aluminium antimony
Alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 10%, remaining is aluminium；P in the form of Phoral as
Raw material is prepared, wherein the weight percentage of P is 10%, remaining is aluminium.In addition to aluminium is aluminium ingot, remaining oligo-element raw material is
150 mesh powder of partial size.
Two, the preparation of high-strength and high ductility material:
(1) alloy is weighed by following weight percentage and prepare raw material: 0.7%Fe, 1.1%Cr, 4%Zn, 0.065%
Pt, 4%Sn, 0.2~0.8%Bi, 0.025%Th, 3% aluminium-antimony alloy, 0.025%Dy, 0.25% Phoral, remaining is
Al；
(2) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand, 3 parts by weight resin, 1.65 weights the preparation of pre- cold mould: are weighed
Measure part curing agent, 0.15 parts by weight coupling agent, first sand is mixed 4 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed
4 minutes；At 25 DEG C, firm time is 20 minutes, can be immersed in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, after being kept for 30 minutes from mould
Taking-up is immediately available for being poured.The curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol mixed preparing, p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol
Weight ratio is 2:6.5；Zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.2 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
(3) alloy is prepared into raw material and is put into melting in electrical crucible, melt pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy extremely
800℃；Addition is preheated to 300 DEG C of Phoral, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing oxidation from being kept for 10 minutes；In 810 DEG C
When indentation through oil removing, be preheated to 300 DEG C of pure zinc ingot, refined with nitrogen, lead to nitrogen after ten minutes, conjunction is all molten into raw material
Golden liquid can skim and go bad；Aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using 3% aluminium-antimony alloy, and it is 760 DEG C that temperature, which is added, heat preservation
30 minutes；After the completion of rotten, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 15 minutes is stood after refining, master alloy liquid is obtained, is cooled to and pours
Note temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when being 740 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 108 millimeters, and length is
225 millimeters；
(4) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 6 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 3 hours at room temperature, and casting is taken out in demoulding
Part；
(5) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 16:1；The deformation temperature is 430 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.002s-1；
(6) 700 DEG C of solid solution 2h, water cooling, 500 DEG C of timeliness 4.5h are air-cooled；
(7) it is placed under the conditions of 230 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 25 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 4:
One, the preparation of raw material:
Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are pure material in raw material, and purity is all larger than 99.8%；Sb is with aluminium antimony
Alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 8%, remaining is aluminium；P is in the form of Phoral as system
Standby raw material, wherein the weight percentage of P is 8%, remaining is aluminium.In addition to aluminium is aluminium ingot, remaining oligo-element raw material is grain
80 mesh powder of diameter.
Two, the preparation of high-strength and high ductility material:
(1) alloy is weighed by following weight percentage prepare raw material: 0.7%Fe, 1.05%Cr, 2~6%Zn,
0.06%Pt, 3%Sn, 0.5%Bi, 0.03%Th, 5% aluminium-antimony alloy, 0.02%Dy, 0.4% Phoral, remaining is Al；
(2) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand, 4 parts by weight resin, 2.4 weights the preparation of pre- cold mould: are weighed
Measure part curing agent, 0.15 parts by weight coupling agent first mixes sand 3 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed 4
Minute；At 25 DEG C, firm time is 20 minutes, can immerse in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, take after being kept for 30 minutes from mould
It is immediately available for being poured out.The curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and absolute alcohol mixed preparing, p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and anhydrous
The weight ratio of alcohol is 2:6；Zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.4 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
(3) alloy is prepared into raw material and is put into melting in electrical crucible, melt pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy extremely
815℃；Addition is preheated to 350 DEG C of Phoral, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing oxidation from being kept for 10 minutes；In 810 DEG C
When indentation through oil removing, be preheated to 325 DEG C of pure zinc ingot, refined with nitrogen, lead to nitrogen after 15 minutes, conjunction is all molten into raw material
Golden liquid can skim and go bad；Aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using 5% aluminium-antimony alloy, and it is 800 DEG C that temperature, which is added, heat preservation
45 minutes；After the completion of rotten, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 17 minutes is stood after refining, master alloy liquid is obtained, is cooled to and pours
Note temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when being 750 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 100 millimeters, and length is
220 millimeters；
(4) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 7 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 3 hours at room temperature, and casting is taken out in demoulding
Part；
(5) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 12:1；The deformation temperature is 430 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.0025s-1；
(6) 740 DEG C of solid solution 1.5h, water cooling, 480 DEG C of timeliness 4h are air-cooled；
(7) it is placed under the conditions of 230 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 24 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 5:
One, the preparation of raw material:
Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are pure material in raw material, and purity is all larger than 99.5%；Sb is with aluminium antimony
Alloy form is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 6%, remaining is aluminium；P is in the form of Phoral as system
Standby raw material, wherein the weight percentage of P is 8%, remaining is aluminium.In addition to aluminium is aluminium ingot, remaining oligo-element raw material is grain
100 mesh powder of diameter.
Two, the preparation of high-strength and high ductility material:
(1) alloy is weighed by following weight percentage and prepare raw material: 0.6%Fe, 1.15%Cr, 2%Zn, 0.065%
Pt, 3%Sn, 0.6%Bi, 0.03%Th, 4% aluminium-antimony alloy, 0.02%Dy, 0.3% Phoral, remaining is Al；
(2) preparation of pre- cold mould: weighing 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand, 3.5 parts by weight resin, and 2.1
Parts by weight curing agent, 0.15 parts by weight coupling agent, first sand is mixed 4 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent it is sufficiently mixed
It closes 3 minutes；At 25 DEG C, firm time is 22 minutes, can immerse in liquid nitrogen, be kept for 35 minutes from the casting mold after mould from mould
It takes out afterwards and is immediately available for being poured.The curing agent is formed by p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and absolute alcohol mixed preparing, p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and
The weight ratio of absolute alcohol is 2:5；Zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
(3) alloy is prepared into raw material and is put into melting in electrical crucible, melt pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy extremely
820℃；Addition is preheated to 380 DEG C of Phoral, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing oxidation from being kept for 14 minutes；In 850 DEG C
When indentation through oil removing, be preheated to 350 DEG C of pure zinc ingot, refined with nitrogen, lead to nitrogen 10~after twenty minutes, all melted to raw material
For aluminium alloy, it can skim and go bad；Aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using aluminium-antimony alloy, and it is 810 DEG C that temperature, which is added, heat preservation
50 minutes；After the completion of rotten, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 15 minutes is stood after refining, master alloy liquid is obtained, is cooled to and pours
Note temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when being 750 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 115 millimeters, and length is
250 millimeters；
(4) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 7 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 3 hours at room temperature, and casting is taken out in demoulding
Part；
(5) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, judgement of speed change
Rate is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is squeezed for alloy
The ratio between pressure front and back cross-sectional area about 14:1；The deformation temperature is 440 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.0015s-1；
(6) 730 DEG C of solid solution 1h, water cooling, 530 DEG C of timeliness 4h are air-cooled；
(7) it is placed under the conditions of 230 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 20 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
Comparative examples: according to method disclosed in embodiment 1 in Chinese patent CN201310581912.8, preparation is high tough
Casting aluminum alloy is used for subsequent performance test as control.
It is tried as follows to detect the properties of the high-strength and high ductility material of Examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples preparation
It tests:
1, Mechanics Performance Testing
By obtained sample by GB6397-86, it is machined to the short tensile test bar of 8mm of standard, it is omnipotent in Controlled by micro computer
Tension test is carried out on testing machine, surveys its tensile strength, hardness and elongation, and final result takes the average value of 4 samples.As a result
It is shown in Table 1.
1 high-strength and high ductility Measurement of Material Mechanical Performance result of table
The above results show that alloy material prepared by the present invention is significantly better than conventional cast eutectic aluminum-silicon in mechanical property
Alloy.Hot extrusion deformation is remarkably improved the mechanical property of alloy.
2, Metallographic Analysis
Using the different-alloy prepared in different step in embodiment 3 and comparative examples as metallographic specimen, it is taken at conjunction
Its microstructure, the result is shown in Figure 1~5 are observed under an optical microscope by polishing, polishing in the centre of golden coupon sample.
Fig. 1~3 shows to cast by pre- cold mould after comparing and makes coarse crystal transfer be thin after hot extrusion molding
Small α phase crystal form, is remarkably improved the mechanical properties such as toughness and intensity.Casting is after hot extrusion deformation, tensile sample fracture tool
There are many small and dense dimples, and apparent hole defect is not present.This is because casting sample is after hot extrusion deformation, due to
Plastic Flow, shrinkage cavity and shrinkage porosite were closed before this, then the inner wall of the further soldering hole of the diffusion under high temperature due to atom,
The presence of shrinkage cavity and loose defect is reduce or eliminated, to reduce the probability that such defect causes crackle.
Fig. 4 show using aluminium-antimony alloy it is rotten after crystal habit is changed into coralliform, alloy strength and hard can be obviously improved
Degree.
Under preferable temperature and time, crystal habit is tiny graininess for Fig. 5 display solid solution and timeliness.
In conclusion high-strength and high ductility material provided by the invention, has good mechanical property, while having good steady
Qualitative and practicability can be widely applied to machine components manufacturing field etc..The solute atoms incorporated in solid solution causes lattice abnormal
Become, distortion of lattice increases the resistance of dislocation motion, makes sliding be difficult to carry out, so that the intensity of Alloy solid solution and hardness be made to increase
Add.Fe, Zn, Sn, Bi, P can realize solution strengthening, and alloying element, which is solid-solution in parent metal, causes a degree of distortion of lattice
The phenomenon that make alloy strength improve.Th, Cr and Al can form dystectic compound, and Dispersed precipitate is in the base.By force
The essence for changing phase dispersion-strengtherning is that the movement of dislocation is hindered using the ultrafine dust of disperse, to improve the mechanical property of material.
Pt, Dy, Sb can realize refined crystalline strengthening, i.e., the intensity of metal is improved by the refinement of crystallite size.Under external force, crystal boundary
On dislocation pile up generate a stress field, can be used as the driving force started of dislocation source in activation neighboring die.Pre- cold mould
Chilling action, promote the refined crystalline strengthening of element.Since crystal boundary increases, the dislocation before sliding onto crystal boundary is stopped by crystal boundary.This
The plastic deformation of one crystal grain of sample can not be just propagate directly in adjacent crystal grain, and cause dislocation pile up in flow crystal grain.
Preparation method of the present invention is simpler, and production cost is low, is suitable for industrialized production.Go bad instead using aluminium-antimony alloy when casting
It answers, the volume fraction of α phase crystal form can be effectively improved, improve alloy strength and hardness.Hot extrusion technique after casting, casts alloy
Tensile strength under state is increased to 382Mpa by 250Mpa, and elongation is increased to 7.2% by 5%, provides for forging molding tough
Property condition, while microstructure can be improved, improve mechanical property, alloy can further improve after subsequent forging processing
Its institutional framework and mechanical property.Cast sturcture after forging method thermal processing distortion due to the deformation of metal and recrystallization,
Becoming original large dendritic crystal and columnar grain, crystal grain is thinner, isometric recrystallized structure of uniform size, makes original in alloy
Compactings and the soldering such as segregation, loose, stomata, slag inclusion, tissue becomes even closer, improves the plasticity and power of metal material
Learn performance.The solid solution and invalid temperature that appropriately select and time are remarkably improved the hardness of aluminum alloy materials, avoid timeliness and consolidate
Alloy ductility caused by solubility temperature is excessively high and timeliness overlong time declines.
The above examples only illustrate the technical idea of the present invention, and this does not limit the scope of protection of the present invention, all
According to the technical idea provided by the invention, any changes made on the basis of the technical scheme each falls within the scope of the present invention
Within；The technology that the present invention is not directed to can be realized by the prior art.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-strength and high ductility material, which is characterized in that by following weight percentage at being grouped as: 0.6~0.8%Fe,
0.95~1.25%Cr, 2~6%Zn, 0.05~0.08%Pt, 2~6%Sn, 0.2~0.8%Bi, 0.01~0.04%Th,
0.1~0.5%Sb, 0.01~0.04%Dy, 0.01~0.04%P, remaining is Al；
Described Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al are all larger than 99.9% using pure material as raw material, purity is prepared；Sb
As raw material is prepared in the form of aluminium-antimony alloy, wherein the weight percentage of Sb is 10%, remaining is aluminium；P is with Phoral shape
Formula is as raw material is prepared, and wherein the weight percentage of P is 10%, remaining is aluminium.
2. a kind of preparation method of high-strength and high ductility material as described in the appended claim 1, which is characterized in that include following specific step
It is rapid:
(1) Fe, Cr, Zn, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy, Al metal simple-substance are weighed according to list of ingredients and Phoral, aluminium-antimony alloy is made
For raw material；
(2) raw material is put into melting in electrical crucible, smelting temperature is 790~820 DEG C, obtains master alloy liquid, is cooled to
Pouring temperature pours into ready-made pre- cold mould when being 740-760 DEG C, the type chamber of pre- cold mould is cylinder, and diameter is 90~125
Millimeter, length are 200-250 millimeters；
(3) casting mold and casting are taken out after being kept for 5~8 minutes in liquid nitrogen, stands 2~4 hours at room temperature, and demoulding is taken out
Casting；
(4) casting is heated to deformation temperature in chamber type electric resistance furnace, on a hydraulic press according to best extrusion ratio, strain rate into
Row is squeezed and deformed, and an igneous shape, workpiece profile is clear, and deformation is sufficiently, then air-cooled；The best extrusion ratio is before alloy extrusion
The ratio between cross-sectional area is about 16:1 afterwards；The deformation temperature is 400~450 DEG C, and the strain rate is 0.001~0.003s-1；
(5) 650~750 DEG C of 1.5~2h of solid solution, water cooling, 450~550 DEG C of timeliness 3~6h are air-cooled；
(6) it is placed under the conditions of 220~240 DEG C again, keeps the temperature 24~26 hours, then cool to room temperature with the furnace to obtain the final product.
3. a kind of preparation method of high-strength and high ductility material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the fusion process
It is as follows:
(a) pure Al, Cr, Fe, Pt, Sn, Bi, Th, Dy are melted to 800~820 DEG C；
(b) Phoral after preheating is added, is pressed into molten aluminum with bell jar in the following, preventing from aoxidizing, is kept for 10-15 minutes；
(c) it is pressed into the pure zinc ingot through oil removing, preheating when 810 DEG C, is refined with nitrogen, leads to nitrogen 10~after twenty minutes, to raw material
It all is molten into aluminium alloy, can skim and go bad；
(d) aluminium alloy carries out Metamorphism treatment using 1~5% aluminium-antimony alloy, and the addition temperature of aluminium-antimony alloy is 760-820 DEG C, protects
It is 30-60 minutes warm；
(e) after the completion of going bad, then initial refining is carried out, skimming in 15~20 minutes is stood after refining.
4. a kind of preparation method of high-strength and high ductility material according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the step (b)
The preheating temperature of middle Phoral is 300~400 DEG C, and the preheating temperature of pure zinc ingot is 300-350 DEG C in the step (c).
5. a kind of preparation method of high-strength and high ductility material according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the pre- cold mould
The preparation method is as follows:
(1) 100 parts by weight zircon sands/quartz sand mixed sand is weighed, 3~4 parts by weight resin, 1~3 parts by weight curing agent, 0.1~
0.2 parts by weight coupling agent, first mixes sand 2~5 minutes with curing agent, then plus resin and coupling agent be sufficiently mixed 2~5 minutes,
Substance after mixing is filled into mold and hardens, form；
(2) at 25 DEG C, firm time is 15-25 minute, after from mould, immersed in liquid nitrogen from the casting mold after mould, holding 20-
It takes out after forty minutes and is immediately available for being poured.
6. a kind of preparation method of high-strength and high ductility material according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the curing agent by
P-methyl benzenesulfonic acid is formed with alcohol mixed preparing, and the weight ratio of p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid and alcohol is 2:6~7；The hardener dose
It is the 55~60% of weight resin, zircon sand and quartz sand weight ratio are 1:1.2 in the zircon sand/quartz sand mixed sand.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110157963A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-23 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of pack alloy and the preparation method and application thereof for smart phone |
| CN110405122A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-05 | 江苏轩辕特种材料科技有限公司 | A kind of production method and production system of high-strength and high ductility wrought alloy |
| CN114413619A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏朗耐德耐火材料有限公司 | Fused alumina zirconia mullite brick for hazardous waste rotary kiln and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103774011A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 南京信息工程大学 | Cast electrode material and preparation method |
| CN106801167A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-06 | 张萍 | Aluminium alloy |
| CN108559894A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-21 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103774011A (en) * | 2014-03-04 | 2014-05-07 | 南京信息工程大学 | Cast electrode material and preparation method |
| CN106801167A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2017-06-06 | 张萍 | Aluminium alloy |
| CN108559894A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-09-21 | 宝鸡文理学院 | A kind of high-strength/tenacity aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110157963A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-23 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of pack alloy and the preparation method and application thereof for smart phone |
| CN110157963B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-05-19 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | Die-casting aluminum alloy for smart phone and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110405122A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-05 | 江苏轩辕特种材料科技有限公司 | A kind of production method and production system of high-strength and high ductility wrought alloy |
| CN114413619A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏朗耐德耐火材料有限公司 | Fused alumina zirconia mullite brick for hazardous waste rotary kiln and preparation method thereof |
| CN114413619B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2024-01-16 | 江苏朗耐德耐火材料有限公司 | Zirconia corundum mullite brick for hazardous waste rotary kiln and preparation method |
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