CN109881055B - One-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy - Google Patents
One-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of non-ferrous alloys, and relates to a one-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of a eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy. After the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is smelted, degassed and refined, the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is subjected to one-step modification treatment by using the Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy, so that the mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy can be obviously improved. The invention adopts a one-step method to directly add the Al-B-P intermediate alloy into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt, thereby simplifying the production process, having low cost and better modification effect, being suitable for large-scale industrial production and having wide application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of preparation of non-ferrous alloys, and relates to a one-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of a eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Background
For casting Al-Si alloy, Al-Ti-B series and Al-Ti-C series intermediate alloy are often used in industry to refine Al phase in alloy, because of related compound TiAl3，AlB2，TiB2TiC and Al have similar crystal structures and similar lattice constants and can be used as heterogeneous nucleation cores of Al. P is an effective modification element as a Si phase in the alloy, and can refine modified primary crystal Si and indirectly inhibit the growth of eutectic Si due to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of AlP.
In the patent (CN201710484856.4, a phosphorus-titanium dual modification method of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy), a certain amount of Al-3P intermediate alloy and Al-5Ti intermediate alloy are sequentially added into a eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt by adopting a two-step method, and the microstructure and the mechanical property of the modified eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy are obviously improved. The method can simultaneously refine the modified Al phase and the modified Si phase to play a role in dual modification, but the modification process is complicated, the modifier needs to be added twice, the furnace temperature needs to be changed, and more uncontrollable factors interfere with the modification process to influence the modification result. In order to overcome the defect, the invention adopts a one-step method to directly add the Al-B-P intermediate alloy into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt, thereby not only simplifying the production process, but also having better modification effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to simplify the production process, provide a one-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy and obviously improve the mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The invention adopts Al-B-P alterant to simultaneously carry out one-time modification treatment on the aluminum phase and the silicon phase in the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy modifier comprises 1.5 percent of boron, 3 percent of phosphorus and the balance of aluminum by mass percent.
The method comprises the following specific operation steps:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) quickly pressing Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy with the mass of 0.05-0.6% of that of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and then preserving heat for 1-3 minutes;
(4) and pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
Preferably, the Al-1.5B-3P master alloy is added in the step (3) in an amount of 0.4% of the mass of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
a large amount of AlB exists in the Al-1.5B-3P master alloy structure2Mass points, which have similar crystal structures and similar lattice constants with the aluminum phase, can be used as heterogeneous nucleation cores of the aluminum phase; meanwhile, a large number of AlP particles exist in the Al-1.5B-3P master alloy structure, and the AlP and the silicon phase have similar crystal structures and lattice constants, so that the AlP and the silicon phase can be used as heterogeneous nucleation cores of the silicon phase. When Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy is adopted to modify eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, not only AlP and AlB are introduced2To refine eutectic structure and newly introduce primary alpha-Al andprimary crystal Si converts the alloy structure into a composite structure of eutectic structure + primary alpha-Al + primary crystal Si, and the primary alpha-Al phase and the primary crystal Si phase can be used for regulating and controlling the alloy microstructure. Therefore, the composite modification treatment of the aluminum phase and the silicon phase can be realized simultaneously, and the aim of improving the mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy can be realized by improving the microstructure of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy to carry out double modification on eutectic aluminum silicon, and the alloy microstructure and the mechanical property are both obviously improved: firstly, observing the microstructure of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, and finding that a large amount of fine, small and uniform primary crystal Si and dendritic crystal primary alpha-Al with fine size are introduced into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, so that the original eutectic aluminum-silicon structure is converted into a mixed structure of the primary alpha-Al, the primary crystal Si and the eutectic aluminum-silicon structure, and the eutectic Si is changed into a granular or short rod shape from a lamellar shape; secondly, the mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is detected, and the strength and the plasticity of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy prepared by the invention are greatly improved, and the comprehensive mechanical property is obviously improved. The invention only needs to add the alterant into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt once, greatly simplifies the production process, shortens the processing time, improves the efficiency, does not need to change the furnace temperature, reduces the interference of uncontrollable factors and ensures that the final modification effect is better.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Figure 1 is a microstructure of an unmodified eutectic aluminium silicon alloy prepared in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a microstructure of a 0.1% Al-1.5B-3P master alloy modified eutectic Al-Si alloy prepared in example 2.
FIG. 3 is a microstructure of a 0.2% Al-1.5B-3P master alloy modified eutectic Al-Si alloy prepared in example 3.
FIG. 4 is a microstructure of a 0.3% Al-1.5B-3P master alloy modified eutectic Al-Si alloy prepared in example 4.
FIG. 5 is a microstructure of a 0.4% Al-1.5B-3P master alloy modified eutectic Al-Si alloy prepared in example 5.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail by way of examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Unmodified eutectic aluminum silicon alloy:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) and pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the unmodified eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Example 2
Modifying the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by adopting 0.1 percent of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) and (3) quickly pressing 0.1% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and then preserving heat for 1-3 minutes.
(4) And pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
Example 3
Modifying the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by adopting 0.2 percent of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) and (3) quickly pressing 0.2% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and then preserving heat for 1-3 minutes.
(4) And pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
Example 4
Modifying the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by adopting 0.3 percent of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) and (3) quickly pressing 0.3% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and then preserving heat for 1-3 minutes.
(4) And pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
Example 5
Modifying the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by adopting 0.4 percent of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) and (3) quickly pressing 0.4% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and then preserving heat for 1-3 minutes.
(4) And pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
Comparative example 1
The procedure (3) of example 5 was modified to compositely modify the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy by separately adding Al-3P and Al-1.5B, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 5:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a graphite crucible by using a well-type electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) quickly pressing 0.4% of Al-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, uniformly stirring, and keeping the temperature for 5 min;
(4) quickly pressing 0.4% Al-1.5B intermediate alloy into the melt, stirring uniformly, and keeping the temperature for 5 min;
(5) and pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the phosphorus-boron composite modified eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy.
Comparative example 2
The procedure (3) of example 5 was modified to use Al-3P or Al-1.5B master alloy to modify the eutectic Al-si alloy alone, and the remaining procedure was the same as in example 5:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a graphite crucible by using a well-type electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) quickly pressing 0.4% of Al-3P or 0.4% of Al-1.5B intermediate alloy into the melt, stirring uniformly, and keeping the temperature for 5 min;
(4) and pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with single-modified phosphorus.
And (3) performance testing:
firstly, observing the microstructure of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy:
the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys obtained in examples 1 to 5 were pre-ground and then observed by an optical microscope, and the results are shown in FIGS. 1 to 5.
Example 1: the microstructure of the unmodified eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is shown in figure 1, and the alloy contains a large amount of lamellar eutectic silicon, part of alpha-Al with irregular shapes and a small amount of primary crystal Si;
example 2: when the addition amount of Al-1.5B-3P is 0.1 wt.%, the microstructure of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is shown in figure 2, a large amount of primary crystal Si appears in the microstructure, part of eutectic silicon begins to be converted into particles or short rods, and alpha-Al becomes round and regular;
example 3: when the addition amount of Al-1.5B-3P is 0.2 wt.%, the microstructure of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is shown in figure 3, eutectic silicon is refined, and the area fraction of alpha-Al is increased;
example 4: at 0.3 wt.% Al-1.5B-3P addition, the microstructure of the eutectic Al-Si alloy is shown in fig. 4, where the α -Al area fraction is further increased and the size is reduced, and most of the eutectic Si turns into granular or short rod-like shape;
example 5: at an Al-1.5B-3P addition of 0.4 wt.%, the microstructure of the eutectic Al-Si alloy is shown in fig. 5, with the largest area fraction of α -Al and the smallest dendrite size, with the fine primary Si uniformly distributed in the matrix, and with most of the eutectic silicon having been transformed into particulate form. The above phenomena indicate that the eutectic aluminum silicon microstructure prepared in example 5 is at an optimum level.
Secondly, detecting the mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy:
the tensile properties (including tensile strength and elongation) of the standard alloy sample with the same size prepared by the method are tested by a WDW-300 type microcomputer control electronic universal tester according to GB/T228-. The tensile test results for the alloys are shown in table 1, and the data indicates:
adding 0.4 wt.% of Al-3P or 0.4 wt.% of Al-1.5B intermediate alloy into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy can greatly improve the elongation of the alloy, but the tensile strength is not improved. After 0.1% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy is added, the tensile strength of the alloy is obviously improved, but the elongation is reduced. Along with the increase of the addition of the Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy, the tensile strength and the elongation of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy are also continuously increased;
② in the embodiment 5, after 0.4 wt.% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy is added into the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, the alloy has the highest tensile strength, although the elongation is lower than 0.4 wt.% of Al-3P intermediate alloy, the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is modified, but the comprehensive mechanical property has the best performance. Compared with the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy which is separately and sequentially added with 0.4 wt.% of Al-3P and 0.4 wt.% of Al-1.5B modified, the tensile strength and the elongation of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy which is added with 0.4 wt.% of Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy modified are obviously improved, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is obviously improved compared with the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy which is not modified.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A one-step method for dual modification of phosphorus and boron of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation steps:
(1) smelting Al-12.6wt.% of Si eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy in a crucible by adopting an electric furnace, and heating the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy melt to 700-750 ℃;
(2) adding hexachloroethane for degassing and refining;
(3) quickly pressing the Al-1.5B-3P intermediate alloy into the melt, wherein the adding amount of the Al-1.5B-3P is 0.05-0.6 percent of the mass of the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy, uniformly stirring and then preserving heat;
(4) and pouring the melt into a preheated metal mold to prepare the eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy with dual metamorphism of phosphorus and boron.
2. The one-step process for the dual modification of P and B in eutectic Al-Si alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Al-1.5B-3P modifier is added in an amount of 0.4% by mass of the eutectic Al-Si alloy.
3. The one-step method for phosphorus and boron dual modification of eutectic aluminum-silicon alloy according to claim 1, wherein the heat preservation time in the step (3) is 1-3 min.
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