CN109873117A - A kind of lithium ion battery electrode and its preparation and application - Google Patents
A kind of lithium ion battery electrode and its preparation and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109873117A CN109873117A CN201711246821.3A CN201711246821A CN109873117A CN 109873117 A CN109873117 A CN 109873117A CN 201711246821 A CN201711246821 A CN 201711246821A CN 109873117 A CN109873117 A CN 109873117A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lithium ion battery electrode and its preparations and application, the electrode is using nickel foam as catalyst, porous nickel mesh is contacted with the plate silicon electrode outer surface of matrix of conductive materials to be deposited, being realized using contact chemical plating process makes its surface and inside be deposited with nickel phosphorus composite coating the chemical in situ deposition of silicon electrode matrix, this electrode is applied in lithium ion secondary battery as cathode, negative electrode of lithium ion battery performance and energy density can be significantly improved, there is the great potential for realizing futurity industryization large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the silicon negative electrode preparations in secondary lithium battery.
Background technique
In recent years, getting worse with global energy environmental crisis, lithium ion battery have memory-less effect, quickly may be used
The advantages that inverse charge and discharge and high coulombic efficiency, has become the electronics such as each electronic product such as laptop, electric bicycle and sets
Standby preferred power supply.
However people make slow progress in the research of high capacity lithium ion battery.This is because currently as lithium-ion electric
Cobalt acid lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO4 and their derivative and commercialized negative electrode material graphite of pond positive electrode have connect
Nearly theoretical capacity is difficult have promotion again.To meet the needs of to high-capacity lithium-ion secondary cell, high capacity low cost it is novel
Electrode material becomes research hotspot in recent years.
Silicon materials are compared with traditional graphite cathode material, specific capacity (4200mAh g-1) it is more than the ten of natural graphite
Times.Compared with lithium metal, since bulk density of the silicon in alloy material is close with lithium, silicon also has very high volume ratio
Capacity is different from graphite type material, and the height ratio capacity of silicon is derived from the alloying process of silicon lithium, thus silicium cathode material will not be with electricity
Solution liquid occurs solvent and is embedded in altogether, and then wider to the range on probation of electrolyte；Compared to carbon material, silicon has higher removal lithium embedded electricity
Position, can effectively avoid the precipitation of lithium during high rate charge-discharge, can be improved the safety of battery.
Due to the influence of bulk effect (expansion rate is about 300%), silicon electrode meeting recurring structure in charge and discharge process is broken
It is bad, cause active material to peel off from collector, loses electricity between active material and active material, active material and collector and connect
Touching, while constantly forming new solid-phase electrolyte layer (SEI) and eventually leading to silicon electrode negative electrode material in reversible capacity, stable circulation
Property and high rate performance in terms of can not play preferable battery performance.Existing resolution policy includes making silica-base material nanometer
Change, Composite etc., are used for that compound bulk effect to be small, buffering matrix of good conductivity can inhibit silicon in charge and discharge process
Volume change, enhance contact compactness of the silicon with conducting matrix grain, can simply be divided into silicon-metal composite negative pole material and silicon-
Nonmetallic combination electrode material two types.However as the progress of charge and discharge process, electrode can be because of silicon electrode in charge and discharge
Still there are irreversible volume changes in electric process, and can not restore, and it is final still can because of the destruction of electrode structure, and
Capacity is caused gradually to be decayed.
" chemical plating " is used as a kind of self-catalyzed deposition reaction technology, and the coating of this method deposition is uniform with thickness, deposits
The features such as speed is fast.It is existing by chemical plating method to flexible electrode material carry out electroless deposition can be very good to solve it is soft
The afflux and conductivity problems of property electrode.If can be used this technology to silicium cathode material three-dimensional deposition have high conductivity,
Elastomeric coating not only can be improved the conductivity problems of electrode material, while can be deposited very by elastomeric coating
The structure and pattern of good holding electrode material, maintain preferable battery performance.It is three-dimensional thus to develop a kind of lithium ion battery
The silicium cathode material of the chemical plating composite coating deposition of high resiliency, high conductivity seems very significant.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention proposes to realize silicon by the close contact with electrode material as contact catalyst using nickel foam
The electroless deposition that negative electrode material carries out nickel phosphorus composite coating makes its surface and the internal nickel phosphorus for being deposited with high resiliency, high conductivity
Composite coating.
The electrode is using nickel foam as catalyst, by the plate silicon electrode base of porous nickel mesh and conductive materials to be deposited
External surface contact, being realized using contact chemical plating process makes its surface and inside to the chemical in situ deposition of silicon electrode matrix
It is deposited with nickel phosphorus composite coating, 0.3 μm -3 μm of electrode surface metal coating thickness；Silicon electrode matrix includes active material, conduction
Carbon material, binder or active material and binder；The wherein mass content 60-80% of active material, the matter of conductive carbon material
Amount content is 0-20%, the mass content 10-35% of binder, and electrode matrix surface layer and internal nickel phosphorus composite coating quality contain
Amount accounts for the 1-10wt% of electrode.
The conductive carbon material include carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon nano-fiber, in KB600, KB300, Super-P
It is one or more kinds of.
The binder is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyethylene glycol (PEG), Kynoar (PVDF), gathers inclined fluorine
One or more of ethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP).
The active material is in the oxide of silicon, silicon nanoparticle, porous silicon, silicon/metal, silicon/carbon composite
It is one or two kinds of.
The preparation method of the electrode,
1) nickel foam pre-processes: nickel foam is placed in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of the pH value between 2.0-5.0, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid
It is 5-20 minutes middle, then nickel foam is cleaned with deionized water；
2) by the electrode surface of the preparation of plate electrode matrix described in the nickel foam obtained after pretreatment and claim 1-4 and face
Opposite layer is stacked together, and is fixed with clip or rubber band and to ensure that its face and face are in close contact, and places it in chemical plating fluid
In；
3) to electrode material carry out the modification of chemical Ni-P plating composite coating: chemical plating bath include nickel salt, complex solution,
The aqueous solution of reducing agent, complexing agent and buffer composition；Nickel salt be one of nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel phosphate, nickel acetate or
Two kinds or more, final concentration is in 10-50g/L；Complex solution includes one of PTFE, PVDF aqueous solution or two kinds or more,
The 10wt%PTFE aqueous solution and/or 10wt%PVDF aqueous solution of 1-7ml can be put into every liter of plating solution；Reducing agent is hypophosphorous acid
Sodium, whole mass concentration 10-50g/L；Complexing agent by one or more of EDTA, EGTA, sodium tartrate, sodium citrate,
Whole mass concentration 10-50g/L；Buffer is sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, one or more of ammonium chloride, whole mass concentration
10-50g/L；The preferred nickel phosphate of nickel salt in chemical plating bath.Plating solution pH is between 4.0-5.0 or 8.0-9.5；Plating process
Between 60-90 DEG C, the time is controlled between -8 hours 15 minutes for middle temperature control.
Chemical plating bath further includes stabilizer, and stabilizer is sodium thiosulfate, potassium iodide, one or both of thiocarbamide with
On, whole mass concentration 0.01-0.1g/L.
The pH adjusting agent of use adjusts plating solution pH, and pH adjusting agent is the hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution of 100-400g/L concentration；40-
The sodium hydroxide or ammonia spirit of 160g/L concentration.
The electrode is applied in secondary lithium battery as cathode, and secondary cell is made of anode, film and cathode.
Beneficial outcomes of the invention are as follows:
The present invention is by using electroless plating technology to the surface layer of silicon negative electrode material and the high conductivity of internal deposition, high resiliency
Metallic nickel phosphorus composite coating realized by adjusting the regulation of electroless plating time, chemical plating fluid ingredient and pH value to electrode material
The control of the indexs such as ingredient, thickness, the pattern of material of surface and internal cladding.It can, be led from the surface of regulation chemical plating coating
The parameters such as electric rate maintain the original structure and pattern of battery, to improve silicium cathode while improving active material utilization
Cycle performance of lithium ion battery.
Electrode makes its surface and inside by carrying out in-situ deposition to silicon based anode material using contact chemical plating process
The nickel phosphorus composite coating with high resiliency, high conductivity is deposited, is not only able to inhibit silicon electrode in the process of removal lithium embedded well
In bulk effect (expansion rate is about 300%) brought by active material peeling it is integrally-built to electrode destroy etc. cause
Capacity attenuation the problem of, and can be improved the catchment effect of electrode and the electron-transport efficiency of electrode interior, realize higher
Active material utilization, the depositing coating thickness of electrode surface is at 0.3 μm -3 μm；This silicon negative electrode is applied to lithium ion secondary
In battery, negative electrode of lithium ion battery performance and energy density can be significantly improved, has and realizes futurity industryization large-scale production
Great potential.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1: electrode comparison diagram before and after chemical Ni-P plating-PTFE
Fig. 2: high rate performance discharges under the 0.1C-1C multiplying power for the button cell that comparative example 1, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 assemble
Curve；
Fig. 3: the cyclical stability test for the button cell that comparative example 1, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 assemble；
Fig. 4: the ac impedance measurement of the silicon negative electrode of comparative example 1, embodiment 1 and embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention to further explanation of the invention.
Comparative example 1 (the not silicium cathode of the Ni-P-PTFE of electroless deposition)
It takes 0.4g binder PVDF to be dissolved in 12gN- methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), stirs 1h, 1.2g commercialization is added
Nano silica fume, 0.4g superP conductive carbon powder stir 4h, adjust scraper to 300 μm, hang on copper foil and apply film forming, 65 DEG C overnight
After drying, cutting into diameter is after 10mm sequin is weighed, after 60 DEG C of vacuum drying for 24 hours, to be coated with the roundlet of silicon nanoparticle
Piece is anode (1.4mg cm-2), lithium piece is cathode, and celgard 2325 is diaphragm, with 1M LiPF6For electrolyte solution, solvent
For EC:DEC (volume ratio v/v=1:1), assembled battery carries out cycle performance of battery test under 0.1C multiplying power, and 0.1C-1C times
High rate performance test is carried out under rate.
200mA g-1Lower first circle specific discharge capacity is 3200mAh g-1, 100 circulation after specific capacity maintain 180mAh g-1；When multiplying power is promoted to 2000mA g-1When, specific discharge capacity is 943mAh g-1.Silicon load amount is about 1.4mg/cm-2。
Embodiment 1
It takes 0.4g binder PVDF to be dissolved in 12gN- methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), stirs 1h, 1.2g commercialization is added
Nano silica fume, 0.4g superP conductive carbon powder stir 4h, adjust scraper to 300 μm, hang on copper foil and apply film forming, 65 DEG C overnight
It is dry, the nickel foam of 60mm*60mm is placed in aqueous sulfuric acid one of of the pH value between 2.0-5.0 with a thickness of 1mm
10 minutes activating pretreatments are carried out, nickel foam is cleaned with deionized water by treated, it is passed through rubber band with electrode material
The mode of binding is in close contact foam nickel surface and self-supporting flexible electrode tow sides.Then 90 DEG C of chemical platings are placed it in
10 minutes progress chemical in situ deposited metal nickel phosphorus cobalts in liquid.Chemical plating fluid ingredient is 20g/L nickel sulfate；24g/L sodium hypophosphite；
1ml/L 10wt%PTFE aqueous solution；15g/L sodium citrate；0.01g/L thiocarbamide；15g/L sodium acetate；Solution PH=4.8, through changing
Learning plating and modifying obtained surface deposited nickel layer thickness is about 0.5 μm.The electrode of deposited nickel layer is cut through 65 DEG C of dryings overnight again
Being cut into diameter is 10mm sequin, is dried in vacuo for 24 hours for 60 DEG C after weighing.Further battery assembles same comparative example.Electrode slurry preparation
It is identical as 1 operating process of comparative example, film forming is scratched in aluminum laminated films, is quickly immersed into water, and 65 DEG C of taking-up is overnight after 10min
After drying, cutting into diameter is 10mm sequin, and after weighing, 60 DEG C of vacuum drying are for 24 hours.Further battery assembles same comparative example.Group
The battery of dress carries out cycle performance of battery test under 0.1C multiplying power, carries out high rate performance test under 0.1C-1C multiplying power.
200mA g-1First circle specific discharge capacity is 3246mAh g under discharge-rate-1, 100 circulation after capacity maintain
2724mAh g-1；When multiplying power is promoted to 2000mA g-1When, specific discharge capacity is 1600mAh g-1。
Embodiment 2
Electrode matrix preparation and chemical plating modification operating process are identical as 1 operating process of embodiment, and the parameter of modulation is
PTFE concentration is 3ml/L 10wt%PTFE aqueous solution, and the battery of assembling carries out cycle performance of battery test under 0.1C multiplying power,
High rate performance test is carried out under 0.1C-1C multiplying power.
200mA g-1First circle specific discharge capacity is 3583mAh g under discharge-rate-1, 100 circulation after capacity maintain
3023mAh g-1；When multiplying power is promoted to 2000mA g-1When, specific discharge capacity is 1954mAh g-1。
As shown in two figure of Fig. 1, silicium cathode material is modified by electroless deposition, surface, which can deposit one layer, has metal light
Pool and the Ni-P-PTFE coating being a bit darkish in color, the coating can not only inhibit volume effect of silicon electrode during removal lithium embedded
Answer capacity attenuation caused by the peeling of active material brought by (expansion rate is about 300%) destruction integrally-built to electrode etc.
The problem of, and can be improved the catchment effect of electrode and the electron-transport efficiency of electrode interior, realize higher active material benefit
With rate
As shown in Figure 2, using the battery that comparative example 1, embodiment 1, embodiment 2 assemble as the battery of negative electrode material, implement
Example 1 and embodiment 2 show higher specific discharge capacity than comparative example 1 under 0.1C-1C multiplying power, reason be compared to
Comparative example 1 realizes the three-dimensional Ni-P-PTFE to electrode material to Examples 1 and 2 by electroless deposition technology well
Composite coating deposition, play better catchment effect and the conductive network of electrode interior can be strengthened, improve active material
Utilization rate, and flexible depositing coating is able to suppress silicium cathode in charge and discharge process because of electrode caused by bulk effect
Structural damage.To further improve chemical property, embodiment 2 is optimal in the test of lithium-sulfur cell high rate performance
Electrode.
As shown in Figure 3, in the test of 0.1C cycle performance of battery, embodiment 1,2 is equally illustrated more preferably than comparative example 1
Cycle performance, first circle specific discharge capacity and 100 circulation after battery capacity be all larger than comparative example 1 and comparative example 2.It is former
Because being equally because the Ni-P-PTFE coating of electrode surface deposition improves the same of catchment effect and electrode interior electron-transport efficiency
When, it can be good at the deformation for inhibiting battery, improve the utilization rate of active material.Embodiment 2 is in lithium-sulfur cell cyclicity
Optimal electrode in capable of testing.
Fig. 4 illustrates example 1 and embodiment 2 and shows smaller electrochemical impedance, reason institute as above than comparative example 1
State, embodiment 1 because its PTFE for being deposited with lower loading and higher amount Ni thus its charge transfer impedance it is minimum,
Show the smallest impedance behavior.And it is not so good as embodiment 2 in terms of battery performance, illustrate the inhibition to silicon electrode bulk effect
Influence to battery performance is greater than influence of the electrochemical impedance to battery.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of lithium ion battery electrode, it is characterised in that: the electrode is using nickel foam as catalyst, by porous nickel mesh
It contacts with the plate silicon electrode outer surface of matrix of conductive materials to be deposited, is realized using contact chemical plating process to silicon electrode base
The chemical in situ deposition of body makes its surface and inside be deposited with nickel phosphorus composite coating, 0.3 μm of -3 μ of electrode surface metal coating thickness
m；Silicon electrode matrix includes active material, conductive carbon material, binder or active material and binder；The wherein matter of active material
Content 60-80% is measured, the mass content of conductive carbon material is 0-20%, the mass content 10-35% of binder, electrode matrix table
The nickel phosphorus composite coating mass content of layer and inside accounts for the 1-10wt% of electrode.
2. according to electrode described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the conductive carbon material includes that carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon are received
One or more of rice fiber, KB600, KB300, Super-P.
3. according to electrode described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the binder is polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), poly- second two
One or both of alcohol (PEG), Kynoar (PVDF), Kynoar-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (PVDF-HFP) with
On.
4. according to electrode described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the active material is the oxide of silicon, silicon nanoparticle, more
One or both of hole silicon, silicon/metal, silicon/carbon composite.
5. a kind of preparation method of any electrode of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that:
1) nickel foam pre-processes: nickel foam is placed in 5- in the aqueous solution of sulfuric acid of the pH value between 2.0-5.0, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid
20 minutes, nickel foam then was cleaned with deionized water；
2) nickel foam obtained after pretreatment and the electrode surface prepared of plate electrode matrix described in claim 1-4 is opposite with face
Stacking is put together, and is fixed with clip or rubber band and to be ensured that its face and face are in close contact, and is placed it in chemical plating fluid；
3) carry out the modification of chemical Ni-P plating composite coating to electrode material: chemical plating bath includes nickel salt, complex solution, reduction
The aqueous solution that agent, complexing agent and buffer form；Nickel salt is one of nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel phosphate, nickel acetate or two kinds
More than, final concentration is in 10-50g/L；Complex solution includes one of PTFE, PVDF aqueous solution or two kinds or more, and every liter
The 10wt%PTFE aqueous solution and/or 10wt%PVDF aqueous solution of 1-7ml can be put into plating solution；Reducing agent is sodium hypophosphite, eventually
Mass concentration 10-50g/L；Complexing agent is by one or more of EDTA, EGTA, sodium tartrate, sodium citrate, whole quality
Concentration 10-50g/L；Buffer is sodium acetate, ammonium acetate, one or more of ammonium chloride, whole mass concentration 10-50g/
L；
Plating solution pH is between 4.0-5.0 or 8.0-9.5；Between 60-90 DEG C, time control exists for temperature control in plating process
Between -8 hours 15 minutes.
6. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: chemical plating bath further includes stabilizer, and stabilizer is
Sodium thiosulfate, potassium iodide, one or more of thiocarbamide, whole mass concentration 0.01-0.1g/L.
7. preparation method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the pH adjusting agent of use adjusts plating solution pH, and pH is adjusted
Agent is the hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid solution of 100-400g/L concentration；The sodium hydroxide or ammonia spirit of 40-160g/L concentration.
8. a kind of application of electrode described in claim 1, the electrode is applied in secondary lithium battery as cathode, secondary
Battery is made of anode, film and cathode.
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| CN201711246821.3A CN109873117B (en) | 2017-12-01 | 2017-12-01 | Electrode for lithium ion battery and preparation and application thereof |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105274504A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Method for chemically plating copper on surface of expanded graphite |
| US20160072126A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2016-03-10 | Sony Corporation | Anode and secondary battery with anode material with pore group with low volumetric capacity |
| CN106486647A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of composite cathode material for lithium ion cell and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN107394138A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-24 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Lithium ion battery negative material structure, lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-12-01 CN CN201711246821.3A patent/CN109873117B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20160072126A1 (en) * | 2007-06-05 | 2016-03-10 | Sony Corporation | Anode and secondary battery with anode material with pore group with low volumetric capacity |
| CN106486647A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of composite cathode material for lithium ion cell and preparation method thereof and lithium ion battery |
| CN105274504A (en) * | 2015-11-27 | 2016-01-27 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Method for chemically plating copper on surface of expanded graphite |
| CN107394138A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2017-11-24 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Lithium ion battery negative material structure, lithium ion battery and preparation method thereof |
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