CN109671943A - A kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109671943A CN109671943A CN201811600771.9A CN201811600771A CN109671943A CN 109671943 A CN109671943 A CN 109671943A CN 201811600771 A CN201811600771 A CN 201811600771A CN 109671943 A CN109671943 A CN 109671943A
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode materials and preparation method thereof, belong to lithium ion battery material preparation technical field.Technical solution: weighing lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide after mixing, is pressed into blocky materials A；Nano-silicon is placed in later and is received in ware, bulk material A is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and under inert atmosphere and vacuum degree, bombarding voltage, is deposited lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide in nanometer silicon face, is obtained composite material B；Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, using the ethylene carbonate of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide as solvent, electrochemical deposition is carried out, is added in the ethanol solution of lithium acetate and impregnates, wash, be dried to obtain silicon-carbon composite cathode material.The present invention makes it avoid the consumption of lithium ion in nano-silicon charge and discharge process, improves its first charge discharge efficiency and cycle performance by coating one layer of compound substance for being similar to SEI material in nanometer silicon face.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode materials and preparation method thereof, belong to lithium ion battery material system
Standby technical field.
Background technique
Increase with market to high-energy density negative electrode material demand, it is desirable that negative electrode material used in lithium ion battery has
Higher specific capacity and better cycle performance.Currently, the negative electrode material of lithium ion battery is mainly include the following types: graphite-like carbon
Material, amorphous carbon material, silica-base material, tin-based material etc..Although graphite carbon material is highest negative as occupation rate of market
Pole material, but its specific capacity only has 372mAh g-1, it is difficult to meet the needs of following height ratio capacity negative electrode material.And silicon materials
Theoretical specific capacity be up to 4200mAh g-1, but silicon in cyclic process since volume change is violent, will cause material dusting
And lose and be coupled with conductive substrates, it finally will lead to the rapid decaying of capacity, while the first charge discharge efficiency relatively low (80% of its material
Below), the popularization and application of its material are limited.Although silicon can be reduced during lithiumation by silicon materials nanosizing, porous
Stress variation, reduce the dusting of material, be conducive to the cycle performance for improving silicon-based anode, and by coating on the surface of the material
Carbon material can also reduce its expansion and its improve first charge discharge efficiency, but amplitude is unobvious, is still difficult to meet market to silicon substrate
Material Gao Shouxiao, high capacity, high circulation demand, such as patent (CN103165874A) disclose with silicon alloy powder for original
Material generates porous silicon particle with inorganic acid reaction；Again after HF acid solution cleans and removes Surface Oxygen SiClx, washing is dried to obtain more
Hole silicon materials.This method needs the HF acid using strong corrosive, and the porous silicon prepared is not nanoscale, but its material
The first charge discharge efficiency of material does not improve, and the first charge discharge efficiency that will cause battery in lithium ion battery use process is relatively low, causes positive lithium
The utilization rate of ion is low, improves the cost of its lithium ion battery.It is silicon due to causing silica-base material first charge discharge efficiency low
Material forms SEI film during first charge-discharge and consumes lithium ion, while in cyclic process later, silicon materials also can
Consumption lithium ion in turn results in lithium ion content in battery and persistently reduces step by step, to influence its cycle performance.And SEI
The ingredient of film is lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and the lithium fluoride of inorganic matter and the lithium acetate of organic matter, and function is in charge and discharge
In the process prevent solvent molecule insertion and only allow lithium ion it is embedding go out, to ensure that the quantity of lithium ion in battery.
It therefore is the first charge discharge efficiency for improving silica-base material, by coating the shell of one layer of similar SEI ingredient on silicon materials surface, on the one hand
The consumption for reducing lithium ion during first charge-discharge, improves its first charge discharge efficiency, during on the other hand ensure that long circulating
Lithium ion quantity and silicon materials and electrolyte do not contact directly, reduce its side reaction Probability, follow to improve
Ring performance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode materials and preparation method thereof, by designing one kind
The outer shell of class SEI composition, and it is coated on nano silicon material surface, the first charge discharge efficiency and cycle performance of its material are improved, is solved
The above problem existing for background technique.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of preparation method of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material, using nano-silicon as kernel, lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide, fluorination
Lithium and lithium acetate are shell composition, shell with a thickness of 0.1~0.5 μm；
Preparation process are as follows:
(1) preparation of composite material B:
It weighs lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide after mixing, and is 10~100nm by ball mill grinding to partial size, and by flat
Press is pressed into blocky materials A；Later by physical vaporous deposition, nano-silicon is placed in and is received in ware, bulk material A is put
It is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and under inert atmosphere and 1~10Pa vacuum degree, the negative height of bombarding voltage 200V~1000V
Pressure is 5min~60min from the time is hit, finally deposits lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide in nanometer silicon face, obtain composite material B；
Wherein, the partial size of nano-silicon is 10~500nm；
(2) electrochemical deposition:
Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, with double the three of 0.1mol/L
The ethylene carbonate of methyl fluoride sulfimide is solvent, carries out electrochemical deposition 10min~60min by constant-voltage method, is added to
In the ethanol solution of the lithium acetate of 0.1mol/L and 12h is impregnated, washs, be dried to obtain nanometer silicon composite material, i.e. silicon-carbon
Composite negative pole material.
In the step (1): lithium carbonate: lithium hydroxide=(1~10): (1~10), mass ratio.
A kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material, is prepared using the above method.
The positive effect of the present invention: by coating one layer of compound substance for being similar to SEI material in nanometer silicon face, wherein
The ingredient of composite material is the organic principles such as inorganic constituents and lithium acetate such as lithium carbonate, lithium hydroxide and lithium fluoride, make its
The consumption that lithium ion is avoided in nano-silicon charge and discharge process improves its first charge discharge efficiency and its cycle performance；Physics gas is used simultaneously
Phase sedimentation deposits lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide in nanometer silicon face, has consistency high, thickness is thin, again by electrochemical deposition
In its surface fluorination lithium (generating lithium fluoride after the ethylene carbonate electrolysis of bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide) and it is evenly coated at carbon
Sour lithium/lithium hydroxide surface, has many advantages, such as that consistency is high, and very thin lithium acetate is coated in its outermost layer by immersion way,
Finally preparing kernel is nano-silicon, and shell is successively lithium carbonate/lithium hydroxide from inside to outside, and lithium fluoride, lithium acetate etc. are organic
And inorganic constituents, improve the first charge discharge efficiency and cycle performance of its material.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the SEM figure for the silicon-carbon composite cathode material that the embodiment of the present invention 1 is prepared.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples:
Embodiment 1
1) preparation of composite material B:
The lithium carbonate (3 μm of partial size) and 5g lithium hydroxide (3 μm of partial size) for weighing 5g after mixing, and are arrived by ball mill grinding
Partial size is 50nm, and is pressed into blocky materials A by spreader bar；Later by physical vaporous deposition (PVD), by nano-silicon
(partial size 200nm), which is placed in, to be received in ware, and bulk material A is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and in inert atmosphere and 5Pa
Under vacuum degree, bombarding voltage 500V negative high voltage is 30min from the time is hit, finally deposits lithium carbonate and hydrogen-oxygen in nanometer silicon face
Change lithium, obtains composite material B；
2) electrochemical deposition:
Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, with double the three of 0.1mol/L
The ethylene carbonate of methyl fluoride sulfimide is solvent, carries out electrochemical deposition 30min by constant-voltage method (4V), is added to later
In the ethanol solution of the lithium acetate of 0.1mol/L and 12h is impregnated, washs, be dried to obtain nanometer silicon composite material, i.e. silicon-carbon
Composite negative pole material.
Embodiment 2
1) preparation of composite material B:
The lithium carbonate (3 μm of partial size) and 9g lithium hydroxide (3 μm of partial size) for weighing 1g after mixing, and are arrived by ball mill grinding
Partial size is 10nm, and is pressed into blocky materials A by spreader bar；Later by physical vaporous deposition (PVD), by nano-silicon
(partial size 10nm), which is placed in, to be received in ware, and bulk material A is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and in inert atmosphere and 1Pa
Under vacuum degree, bombarding voltage 200V negative high voltage is 5min from the time is hit, finally deposits lithium carbonate and hydroxide in nanometer silicon face
Lithium obtains composite material B；
2) electrochemical deposition:
Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, with double the three of 0.1mol/L
The ethylene carbonate of methyl fluoride sulfimide is solvent, carries out electrochemical deposition 10min by constant-voltage method (4V) later, is added to
In the ethanol solution of the lithium acetate of 0.1mol/L and 12h is impregnated, washs, be dried to obtain nanometer silicon composite material, i.e. silicon-carbon
Composite negative pole material.
Embodiment 3
1) preparation of composite material B:
The lithium carbonate (3 μm of partial size) and 1g lithium hydroxide (3 μm of partial size) for weighing 9g after mixing, and are arrived by ball mill grinding
Partial size is 100nm, and is pressed into blocky materials A by spreader bar；Later by physical vaporous deposition (PVD), by nano-silicon
(diameter 500nm), which is placed in, to be received in ware, and bulk material A is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and under an inert atmosphere
Under 10Pa vacuum degree, bombarding voltage 1000V negative high voltage, from hit the time be 5min, finally nanometer silicon face deposition lithium carbonate and
Lithium hydroxide obtains composite material B；
2) electrochemical deposition:
Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, with double the three of 0.1mol/L
The ethylene carbonate of methyl fluoride sulfimide is solvent, carries out electrochemical deposition 60min by constant-voltage method (4V) later, is added to
In the ethanol solution of the lithium acetate of 0.1mol/L and 12h is impregnated, washs, be dried to obtain nanometer silicon composite material, i.e. silicon-carbon
Composite negative pole material.
Comparative example:
Take the nano silicon material purchased in the market as a comparison case, model: S1000, producer: Shenzhen's Bei Terui new energy materials
Limited liability company.
1) SEM is tested
Fig. 1 is the SEM picture for the nanometer silicon composite material that embodiment 1 is prepared, and as can be seen from Figure, material presents spherical
Structure, partial size (5-10) μm.
2) physicochemical property and its button cell test:
Respectively by Examples 1 to 3 and comparative example gained lithium ion battery negative material be assembled into button cell A1, A2, A3,
B1；Preparation method are as follows: add binder, conductive agent and solvent in negative electrode material, be stirred slurrying, be coated in copper foil
On, it is obtained by drying, rolling.Binder used be LA132 binder, conductive agent SP, negative electrode material be respectively embodiment 1~
3 negative electrode materials prepared, solvent NMP, its ratio be: negative electrode material: SP:PVDF:NMP=95g:1g:4g:220mL；Electricity
Solving liquid is LiPF6/ EC+DEC(1:1), metal lithium sheet is to electrode, and diaphragm uses polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) or poly- second
Propylene (PEP) composite membrane, simulated battery are assemblied in the glove box for be flushed with hydrogen gas and carry out, and chemical property is in the blue electricity in Wuhan
It is carried out on CT2001A type cell tester, charging/discharging voltage range is 0.005V to 2.0V, charge-discharge velocity 0.1C.It is detailed in
Table 1:
As can be seen from Table 1, the specific capacity and its first charge discharge efficiency for the silicon-carbon composite cathode material that embodiment is prepared are substantially better than
Comparative example, the reason for this is that coated inorganic lithium salts and organic lithium salt improve the transmission of lithium ion in charge and discharge process on the surface of the material
Quantity provides sufficient lithium ion to form SEI film, improves its first charge discharge efficiency and its specific capacity.
3) soft-package battery is tested:
Respectively using embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example resulting materials as negative electrode material, it is positive with LiFePO4
Pole material, using LiPF6/ EC+DEC(volume ratio 1:1, concentration 1.3mol/L) it is electrolyte, 2400 film of Celgard is diaphragm,
5Ah soft-package battery C1, C2, C3 and D1 and its corresponding cathode pole piece are prepared, and liquid is protected in the imbibition for testing its cathode pole piece
Ability, pole piece be least, cycle performance and its surface resistance.
From table 2 it can be seen that the imbibition liquid-keeping property of silicon-carbon composite cathode material obtained by Examples 1 to 3 is apparently higher than comparative example.
The experimental results showed that silicon-carbon composite cathode material of the invention imbibition liquid-keeping property with higher, reason are: in clad
Containing organic lithium salt compound, have with the preferable compatibility of electrolyte, improve the imbibition liquid-keeping property of its pole piece.
From table 3 it can be seen that obvious using the cathode pole piece rebound rate of the preparation of silicon-carbon composite cathode material obtained by Examples 1 to 3
Lower than comparative example.The experimental results showed that being had using the silicon-carbon composite cathode material gained cathode pole piece of the application lower anti-
Bullet rate, reason are that lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide nano-silicon table can be coated at uniform, densification using physical vaporous deposition
Its structural stability is improved in face, reduces the expansion probability of lithium ion in charge and discharge process after it.
4 gained silicon-carbon composite cathode material of table preparation soft-package battery cycle performance, in table it can be seen from embodiment battery
Cycle performance obviously due to comparative example, the reason for this is that there is embodiment pole piece lower expansion rate to make it in charge and discharge process
Its expansion of middle reduction improves its cycle performance, while the characteristic that the material in embodiment has lithium ion high, is charge and discharge process
It is middle that sufficient lithium ion is provided, improve its cycle performance.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material, it is characterised in that using nano-silicon as kernel, lithium carbonate, hydrogen
Lithia, lithium fluoride and lithium acetate be shell composition, shell with a thickness of 0.1~0.5 μm；Preparation process are as follows:
(1) preparation of composite material B:
It weighs lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide after mixing, and is 10~100nm by ball mill grinding to partial size, and by flat
Press is pressed into blocky materials A；Later by physical vaporous deposition, nano-silicon is placed in and is received in ware, bulk material A is put
It is placed in reaction vessels heating position, and under inert atmosphere and 1~10Pa vacuum degree, the negative height of bombarding voltage 200V~1000V
Pressure is 5min~60min from the time is hit, finally deposits lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide in nanometer silicon face, obtain composite material B；
Wherein, the partial size of nano-silicon is 10~500nm；
(2) electrochemical deposition:
Using composite material B as working electrode, saturation calomel is reference electrode, and platinum electrode is to electrode, with double the three of 0.1mol/L
The ethylene carbonate of methyl fluoride sulfimide is solvent, carries out electrochemical deposition 10min~60min by constant-voltage method, is added to
In the ethanol solution of the lithium acetate of 0.1mol/L and 12h is impregnated, washs, be dried to obtain nanometer silicon composite material, i.e. silicon-carbon
Composite negative pole material.
2. a kind of preparation method of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Lithium carbonate in step (1): lithium hydroxide=(1~10): (1~10), mass ratio.
3. a kind of Gao Shouxiao silicon-carbon composite cathode material, it is characterised in that use claim 1-2 any one the method system
It is standby to form.
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| CN110993918A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-10 | 江苏厚生新能源科技有限公司 | High-efficiency lithium battery negative electrode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN113764645A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-12-07 | 河北坤天新能源科技有限公司 | Preparation method of hard carbon composite material with three-dimensional structure |
| CN114639816A (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2022-06-17 | 晖阳(贵州)新能源材料有限公司 | High-first-time-efficiency hard carbon composite material and preparation method thereof |
| US20230163284A1 (en) * | 2021-10-27 | 2023-05-25 | Contemporary Amperex Technology Co., Limited | Modified silicon material and preparation method thereof, negative electrode material |
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