CN109870734B - Three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device and method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application discloses a three-component gravity gradient field, a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device and a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method, which relate to the technical field of geophysical exploration, wherein the device comprises: the first collection unit and the second collection unit of interval preset distance all include respectively: three-component gravity acquisition device, three-component magnetic field acquisition device and three-component gesture acquisition device; the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit is used for obtaining two horizontal gradient components of the underground gravity vertical gradient field and/or the underground gravity horizontal gradient field, and two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic vertical gradient field and/or the underground magnetic horizontal gradient field based on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device, the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and the like. The application can measure three-component gravity and three-component magnetic field horizontally or vertically in the well, and further calculate the horizontal or vertical gravity gradient field and magnetic gradient field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a three-component gravity gradient field, a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device and a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method.
Background
Downhole gravity measurement refers to gravity measurements made in a well, shaft, and in a mine tunnel. Gravity measurements in wells and shafts have been mainly studied for the variation of the vertical component of gravity with depth, which is caused by the variation of subsurface density inhomogeneities. The gravity measurement principle in the tunnel is similar to that of the ground gravity measurement, and the information of the transverse density change near the tunnel can be provided. When underground gravity measurement is carried out in a shaft or tunnel with larger size, a conventional ground gravity meter can be adopted; while underground gravity measurements in the well must be made using a borehole gravity gauge. Limited to the diameter of the borehole and the environmental conditions, drilling gravimeters are required to have small diameters, to withstand relatively high temperature and pressure changes, and to accommodate measurements with deviations from plumb lines.
There are two main types of downhole gravimeters: the design principle is the same as that of land gravity meter, and the gravity meter is installed on a gimbal after being reduced and modified, the external diameter of the gravity meter is unequal from 100mm to 150mm, the constant temperature is 100 ℃ to 200 ℃, the sensitivity of the gravity meter is 0.03 to 0.05 gravity unit, the measurement precision is 0.1 gravity unit, and the gravity meter can still keep horizontal when the well deviation is not more than 14 degrees. The other is a gravity meter in a vibrating wire well, and the measurement precision of the gravity meter is nearly 0.1 gravity unit. For example, in practical operation, the ESS0 type vibrating wire gravimeter needs to read 4 times at each measuring point, the total time is about 20 minutes, the outer diameter of the measuring point is 102mm, and the constant temperature is kept at 125 ℃. The gravity instrument in the well has developed to the full-automatic reading direction, and the leveling, orientation, opening and closing and reading of the sensitive system in the well are controlled by a microcomputer. The apparent density precision of the rock stratum measured by the well gravimeter reaches 0.01g/cm < 3 >, the porosity precision can reach 0.5%, and the method is widely applied to the exploration and development of metal ores and oil-gas fields. A borehole gravity measurement system typically includes two parts, a surface instrument and a borehole instrument. The surface instrument is mainly a control system and a winch which can accurately control the depth of a well, and is less limited by the use environment. The working environment of the well instrument is very complex, the performance of the well gravity instrument is required to meet the severe requirements of factors such as well temperature, well pressure, well diameter, well deviation and the like, and in addition, the measurement time directly influences the efficiency and is also an important index of the well gravity instrument. The development of the gravity tool in the well is delayed from the surface gravity tool.
The three-component magnetometer is a geological instrument for measuring the change of three orthogonal vectors of a geomagnetic field along the depth of a well shaft in the well, and can acquire information which cannot be detected by a ground instrument due to the fact that the three-component magnetometer goes deep into an underground measuring magnetic field, so that the geological problem which is more concealed is solved. The three-component magnetometer is mainly used for verifying the abnormality of the ground magnetic field and finding out the magnetic ore bodies beside and at the bottom of a drill hole. By three components is meant two geomagnetic field components X, Y and one vertical component Z in the horizontal plane at different depth points. This measurement space coordinate system is generally determined using the direction of gravity and the direction of inclination of the borehole. However, the existing three-component magnetometer is to install a magneto-sensitive element on a movable frame, and when the probe tube is inclined, a coordinate system of a measurement system is kept by a mechanical system under the action of gravity, so that measurement is inaccurate. And the three-component magnetometer has complex structure and low reliability, and can only perform underground positioning point measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a three-component gravity gradient field, a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device and a method, which can solve the shortcomings of several types of in-well gravity meters and in-well magnetometers currently in use in the world, and can perform measurement of gravity and magnetic fields in the three-component well horizontally or vertically in a well, a vertical shaft, an inclined shaft, a roadway of a mining area or a horizontal well, and further acquire horizontal or vertical gravity gradient field values and magnetic gradient field values.
The specific technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is as follows:
A three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device, the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device comprising:
The first collection unit and the second collection unit of distance are preset to the interval, first collection unit with the second collection unit all includes respectively: three-component gravity acquisition device, three-component magnetic field acquisition device and three-component gesture acquisition device;
The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit is electrically connected with the three-component gravity acquisition device, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and the three-component gesture acquisition device in the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit obtains two horizontal gradient components of an underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or an underground gravity horizontal gradient field, and two horizontal gradient components of an underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or an underground magnetic horizontal gradient field based on three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device, three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and three-component gesture and displacement data acquired by the three-component gesture acquisition device in the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit.
Preferably, the three-component gravity acquisition device comprises an X-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Y-axis direction and a Z-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Z-axis direction;
The X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are MEMS type or cold atom type gravity sensing units which are orthogonally distributed along three axes;
The three-component magnetic field acquisition device comprises an X-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along an X-axis direction, a Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Y-axis direction and a Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Z-axis direction;
The X-axis magnetic force sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic force sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic force sensing unit are magnetic field sensing units of a fluxgate type or a cold atom type which are orthogonally distributed along three axes;
The three-component gesture acquisition device comprises an X-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Y-axis direction and a Z-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Z-axis direction;
The three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device further comprise: the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit are connected between the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit are connected with the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit, the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit are used for amplifying analog signals output by the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit are used for amplifying signals with no less than 18 channels, and the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit can be used for amplifying signals with no less than 18 channels and 32 bits of analog-to-digital conversion.
Preferably, the three-component gravity acquisition device further comprises a first base, a first installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the first base, and a first shell sleeved outside the first installation body, wherein the first shell is in threaded connection with the first base, the first installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the first installation body, and the X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are orthogonal in pairs.
Preferably, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device further comprises a second base, a second installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the second base, and a second shell sleeved outside the second installation body, wherein the second shell is in threaded connection with the second base, the second installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the second installation body, and the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are mutually orthogonal in pairs.
Preferably, the three-component gesture collection device further comprises a third base, a third installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the third base, and a third shell sleeved outside the third installation body, wherein the third shell is in threaded connection with the third base, the third installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the third installation body, and the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are mutually orthogonal in pairs.
Preferably, the three-component gravity acquisition device, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and the three-component gesture acquisition device are connected along a straight line, the upper ends of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device are connected with an armored cable, and the armored cable is used for being connected with a ground instrument vehicle to transmit operation instructions and transmission data.
Preferably, the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit includes: the correction unit is used for carrying out rotation correction on underground three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device and underground three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device by combining the three-component posture and displacement data so as to convert the underground three-component gravity data and the underground three-component magnetic field data into three-component gravity data and three-component magnetic field data with the same azimuth at different depth positions;
The gravity gradient field acquisition device is used for dividing the three-component gravity data of the same direction at different depth positions by the distance between two points according to the gravity vertical or horizontal component difference between the two points to calculate an underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient value, and further obtaining an underground gravity vertical gradient field and/or an underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values;
And the magnetic gradient field acquisition device is used for calculating a vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic field according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of the magnetic field between two points and the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points, so as to obtain a vertical gradient component of the underground magnetic force and/or two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic force horizontal gradient field according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic field.
The three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method adopting the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device comprise the following steps:
the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device acquire three-component gravity data, three-component magnetic field data, three-component gesture and displacement data in a well point by point according to a preset point distance rule at a well section to be detected;
Performing rotation correction on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device and the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device by combining the three-component posture and displacement data so as to convert the three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data in the same direction at different depth positions;
Calculating underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values according to the difference of gravity vertical or horizontal components between two points and the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by using the three-component gravity data in the same direction at different depth positions, and further calculating underground gravity vertical gradient components and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values;
And calculating the vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic field according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of the magnetic field between two points by dividing the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by the three-component magnetic field data of the same direction at different depth positions, and further calculating the vertical gradient component of the underground magnetic field and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the horizontal gradient field of the underground magnetic field according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic field.
Preferably, in the step of performing rotation correction on the three-component gravity data collected by the three-component gravity collection device and the three-component magnetic field data collected by the three-component magnetic field collection device in combination with the three-component posture and displacement data, the three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data in the same direction at different depth positions are converted into the three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data specifically including: calculating vertical component parameters and/or horizontal component parameters of gravity and magnetic force according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the tendency in the three-component posture and displacement data; performing rotation processing on the three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value measured at the measured depth position according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination direction provided by the three-component attitude sensor at the measured depth position, wherein the measured three-component gravity value and the measured magnetic force value are firstly rotated to the position with the inclination angle of zero degrees, the vertical components of gravity and magnetic force are changed to be vertical to the ground plane, and the two measured horizontal gravity components and the magnetic force components which are mutually orthogonal are changed to be parallel to the ground plane; and then the rotated three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value are rotated to a position with zero azimuth angle according to the azimuth angle of the measuring point, at the moment, two horizontal components of gravity and magnetic force are changed into one horizontal component which is north-south, the other horizontal component is east-west, and the vertical component is still vertical to the horizontal ground.
Preferably, the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method further comprise the following steps:
extracting rock or stratum density parameters related to stratum gravity properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to three-component gravity data at different vertical depth positions;
extracting rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to three-component magnetic field data at different vertical depth positions;
And performing inversion imaging based on the rock or stratum density parameter related to the stratum gravity property, the underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the underground gravity horizontal gradient field to obtain a rock or stratum density value distribution rule in the circumferential radial range of the well, wherein the rock or stratum density value is calculated by the following formula:
ρAve＝(F－△g/△z)/4πG
Wherein, deltag represents the gravity difference value between any two measuring points in the well, and the unit is mGlul; Δz represents the distance between any two measurement points in the well in m; ρ Ave is the spacing density between any two measurement points in the well, in g cm -3; f is the free air effect coefficient;
And carrying out inversion imaging based on the rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties, the underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground magnetic horizontal gradient field to obtain a rock or stratum magnetic distribution rule in a circumferential radial range of the well, wherein inversion of well magnetic field data is to obtain magnetic field values actually measured at each point in the well by utilizing a three-component magnetic field acquisition device, and after various influencing factors are eliminated, obtaining average magnetic parameters or magnetic susceptibility of stratum or strata near the measuring point through an inversion process.
Preferably, the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method further comprise the following steps:
And explaining or evaluating the characteristics of the oil-gas-containing or high-density minerals or high-magnetic minerals of the rock or the stratum around the well according to the distribution rule of the density values of the rock or the stratum in the radial range around the well and the distribution rule of the magnetism of the rock or the stratum in the radial range around the well, deducing the geometric distribution range and the volume of the oil-gas-containing reservoir or the high-density minerals or the high-magnetic minerals around the well, and further calculating the total oil-gas reserves of the oil-gas-containing reservoir and the total weight of the high-density minerals or the high-magnetic minerals.
Preferably, the rock or stratum around the well is interpreted or evaluated according to the distribution rule of the rock or stratum density value in the radial range around the well and the distribution rule of the rock or stratum magnetism in the radial range around the well, the geometrical distribution range and the volume of the oil-gas-containing reservoir around the well or the high-density mineral or the high-magnetism mineral are deduced, and then the total oil-gas reserves and the total weight of the high-density mineral or the high-magnetism mineral of the oil-gas-containing reservoir are calculated, specifically, the saturation of the oil-gas resources in the stratum or the stratum is calculated by inversion, and then the total oil-gas contents or the total weight of the high-density mineral in the stratum or the stratum are calculated according to the porosity of the stratum or the stratum; and calculating the magnetic parameters or magnetic susceptibility distribution characteristics of stratum or rock stratum around the well and the geometric distribution range and volume of the high-magnetism stratum or rock stratum through inversion, so as to calculate the total weight of the high-magnetism minerals in the stratum or rock stratum.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:
The three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device can synchronously perform gravity measurement under three components and magnetic field measurement under three components at the same position under different depths in a vertical well, so as to obtain a vertical gravity gradient component and a gradient component of a vertical magnetic field; the gravity measurement under three components and the magnetic field measurement under three components can be horizontally performed in the horizontal well, so that two horizontal gradient components of the horizontal gravity gradient field and two horizontal gradient components of the horizontal magnetic gradient field can be obtained. The measurement of gravity and magnetic forces under three components at different locations in the well enables investigation of the variation of the vertical and horizontal components of gravity and magnetic forces at the same time at the same location at different depth locations (along the trajectory of the device moving in the well).
Specific embodiments of the invention are disclosed in detail below with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the invention may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the invention are not limited in scope thereby. The embodiments of the invention include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, proportional sizes, and the like of the respective components in the drawings are merely illustrative for aiding in understanding the present invention, and are not particularly limited. Those skilled in the art with access to the teachings of the present invention can select a variety of possible shapes and scale sizes to practice the present invention as the case may be.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a three-component gravity acquisition device housing in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a three-component gravity acquisition device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a combination structure of gravity sensing units with different axes in a three-component gravity sampling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device in operation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a method for acquiring a three-component gravity gradient field and a three-component magnetic gradient field in an embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals of the above drawings:
1. A three-component gravity gradient field and a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device; 2. three-component gesture acquisition device; 3. a three-component magnetic field acquisition device; 4. a three-component gravity acquisition device; 41. an X-axis gravity sensing unit; 42. a Y-axis gravity sensing unit; 43. a Z-axis gravity sensing unit; 44. a first base; 45. a first mounting body; 46. a first housing; 5. a conversion and data storage unit; 6. a multi-core signal bus; 7. an armored cable; 8. a ground instrument vehicle; 10. a first acquisition unit; 20. and a second acquisition unit.
Detailed Description
The details of the invention will be more clearly understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and description of specific embodiments of the invention. The specific embodiments of the invention described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. Given the teachings of the present invention, one of ordinary skill in the related art will contemplate any possible modification based on the present invention, and such should be considered to be within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," "coupled," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, mechanically or electrically connected, may be in communication with each other in two elements, may be directly connected, or may be indirectly connected through an intermediary, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the specific circumstances. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and the like are used herein for illustrative purposes only and are not meant to be the only embodiment.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In order to solve the shortcomings of several types of in-well gravity meters and in-well magnetometers currently in use in the world, and to measure gravity and magnetic fields in three-component wells horizontally or vertically in a roadway or well of a well, a shaft or a mining area, and further acquire a horizontal or vertical gravity gradient field and a magnetic gradient field, in an embodiment of the present application, a three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquiring device is provided, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquiring device in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1, the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquiring device 1 in the embodiment may include: a first acquisition unit 10 and a second acquisition unit 20 spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance in a vertical direction, the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20 each including: a three-component gravity acquisition device 4, a three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and a three-component gesture acquisition device 2; and a three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit electrically connected to the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component posture acquisition device 2 in the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20, wherein the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit obtains two horizontal gradient components of a downhole gravity vertical gradient component and/or a downhole gravity horizontal gradient field, two horizontal gradient components of a downhole magnetic vertical gradient component and/or a downhole magnetic horizontal gradient field based on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component posture and displacement data acquired by the three-component posture acquisition device 2 in the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20.
Wherein the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 comprises an X-axis gravity sensing unit 41 for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42 for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Z-axis direction; the X-axis gravity sensing unit 41, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42, and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 are MEMS-type or cold atom-type gravity sensing units arranged orthogonally along three axes;
The three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 comprises an X-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along an X-axis direction, a Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Z-axis direction. The X-axis magnetic force sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic force sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic force sensing unit are magnetic field sensing units of a fluxgate type or a cold atom type which are orthogonally distributed along three axes. Particularly when the X-axis magnetic force sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic force sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic force sensing unit are cold atom type magnetic field sensing units, the X-axis magnetic force sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic force sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic force sensing unit have extremely high sensitivity, stability and potential high precision, and the measurement precision can reach the mu Gal level.
The three-component gesture acquisition device 2 comprises an X-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Y-axis direction and a Z-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Z-axis direction; the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 further comprises: the multi-core signal bus 6 is sequentially connected with the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit 5 between the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20, the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit 5 are connected with the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit, the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit 5 are used for amplifying, analog-to-digital conversion and data storage of analog signals output by the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20, and the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit 5 can amplify analog signals with no less than 18 channels and perform 32-bit analog-to-digital conversion.
The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 acquires three-component gravity data through an X-axis gravity sensing unit 41, a Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42 and a Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 in the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 in each acquisition unit, acquires three-component magnetic field data through an X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, a Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and a Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit in the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3, acquires gesture and displacement data through an X-axis gesture sensing unit, a Y-axis gesture sensing unit and a Z-axis gesture sensing unit in the three-component gesture acquisition device 2, and then analyzes and processes the three-component gravity data, the three-component magnetic field data and the three-component gesture and displacement data through a three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit, so as to obtain two horizontal gradient components of a gravity vertical gradient component in a well and/or a gravity horizontal gradient field in a well, and two horizontal gradient components of a magnetic vertical gradient component in a well and/or a magnetic horizontal gradient field in a well.
The underground three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 is provided with an upper and a lower sets of independent first acquisition units 10 and second acquisition units 20, and a shared amplifier, analog-to-digital conversion and data storage unit 5. The structure can be used for directly acquiring three-component gravity gradient fields, three-component magnetic fields and three-component attitude data at the positions of two sets of acquisition units and calculating the three-component gravity gradient fields and the three-component magnetic gradient fields between the two sets of acquisition units under the condition that only one three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 is used. Two sets of acquisition units and one set of amplifier, analog-to-digital conversion and data storage unit 5 are arranged in the same shell, so that the cost of the instrument can be greatly saved, the power consumption of the system is reduced, the processing and manufacturing of the instrument are optimized, and the difficulty of underground operation is simplified. When the (stage) three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 works in a vertical well, three-component gravity, three-component magnetic field data and three-component attitude data of the positions of the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20 in the device can be directly measured, and a gravity gradient vertical component and a magnetic gradient vertical component can be calculated; when the device works in an inclined well or a horizontal well, three-component gravity, three-component magnetic field data and three-component attitude data of the positions of the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20 in the device can be directly measured, and a gravity gradient vertical component and two horizontal components and a magnetic field gradient vertical component and two horizontal components are calculated. When a plurality of (stage) first acquisition units 10 and second acquisition units 20 connected together by armored cables 7 are put into the well, the whole device can simultaneously measure three-component gravity and three-component magnetic field data of the positions of the first acquisition units 10 and the second acquisition units 20 in the device, calculate a gravity gradient vertical component and two horizontal components between the first acquisition units 10 and the second acquisition units 20, and the magnetic field gradient vertical component and the two horizontal components, thereby greatly improving the acquisition efficiency of the three-component gravity data and the gradient data thereof in the well and the three-component magnetic field data and the gradient data thereof, and greatly reducing the production operation cost.
The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 can synchronously perform three-component gravity measurement and three-component magnetic field measurement at the same position in a vertical well under different depths, so as to obtain a vertical gravity gradient field and a vertical magnetic gradient field; the method can also be used for horizontally carrying out three-component gravity measurement and three-component magnetic field measurement in a horizontal well, so as to obtain a horizontal gravity gradient field and a horizontal magnetic gradient field. Three-component gravity and three-component magnetic measurements made at different locations in the well can study the variation of the vertical and horizontal components of gravity and magnetic forces at the same time at the same location at different depth locations (along the path of movement of the device in the well).
In order to better understand the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 of the present application, it will be further explained and illustrated below. As shown in fig. 1, the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component gesture acquisition device 2 in the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20 are connected along a straight line, and the arrangement sequence of the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component gesture acquisition device 2 in the first acquisition unit 10 and the second acquisition unit 20 can be opposite. The three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 are in a cylindrical shape as a whole, and the upper end and the lower end of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device are provided with partial ellipsoidal guide parts, so that the device can be conveniently put into a well.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a casing of a three-component gravity collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is an exploded view of the three-component gravity collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of a combination structure of different gravity sensing units in the three-component gravity collection device according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the three-component gravity collection device 4 includes an X-axis gravity sensing unit 41 for measuring a gravitational acceleration of gravity along an X-axis direction, a Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42 for measuring a gravitational acceleration of gravity along a Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 for measuring a gravitational acceleration of gravity along a Z-axis direction. The three-component gravity acquisition device 4 may further include a first base 44, a first installation body 45 fixedly installed in the middle of the first base 44, and a first housing 46 sleeved outside the first installation body 45, where the first housing 46 is in threaded connection with the first base 44, the first installation body 45 has at least three sides, the X-axis gravity sensing unit 41, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42, and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 are respectively installed on the three sides of the first installation body 45, and the X-axis gravity sensing unit 41, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit 42, and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit 43 are mutually orthogonal in pairs. In the present embodiment, the first base 44 may have a cylindrical shape, and the base of the first base 44 may be provided with a plurality of screw holes for fixing the first mounting body 45 by a bolt or the like. The side wall of the first base 44 has external threads, and the inner side wall of the lower end of the first housing 46 has internal threads, which are connected by threads. The first mounting body 45 has a square cross section with four sides, adjacent sides are at 90 degree angles, each side has a threaded hole, and each side is provided with a gravity sensing unit through the threaded hole. The X-axis and Y-axis weight sensing units 41 and 42 are mounted on adjacent sides. Because the first housing 46 and the first pedestal 44 both seal the gravity sensing unit inside, the device can be lowered into a well at high temperature and high pressure to collect three-component gravity and three-component magnetic field data in the well.
The three-component gravity acquisition device 4 is a three-component in-well gravity instrument which is formed by taking a gravity sensing chip based on a deep silicon etching technology, a high-precision capacitance displacement sensing technology and a weak signal detection technology as a triaxial in-well gravity sensing unit of a core.
Each gravity sensing unit is a MEMS type or cold atom type gravity sensing unit, and specifically, each gravity sensing unit comprises a micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) gravity sensing chip, a weak signal detection Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) chip and other components fixed on a PCB. The top of the first housing 46 has a through hole for input and output of power and signals. A micro-electromechanical (MEMS) gravity sensing chip is a silicon-based integrated spring-mass block system, and is formed by carrying out overall high-collimation deep groove etching on a silicon wafer through a micro-nano processing technology. The size of the mass block for gravity inspection in the gravity sensing chip plays a decisive role in the mechanical thermal noise of the instrument, and the deep silicon processing technology can process a thicker siliceous mass block (500 mu m), so that a larger mass block can be obtained in the same area compared with the traditional surface technology (10 mu m-100 mu m). In addition, the design and processing of the gravity sensing chip fully utilizes the advantages of more excellent mechanical property and stability of silicon materials than metals and mass and high-precision processing, and can achieve smaller volume, shorter processing period and lower cost on the premise of achieving the equivalent performance of the gravity sensing chip compared with a metal spring. The displacement of the gravity sensing chip caused by gravity change is sensed by a high-precision variable-area array differential capacitance displacement sensor integrated on the chip and is converted into a voltage signal through a weak signal detection circuit.
The three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 includes an X-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value in the Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value in the Z-axis direction. The magnetic field acquisition device can also comprise a second base, a second installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the second base and a second shell sleeved outside the second installation body, wherein the second shell is in threaded connection with the second base, the second installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the second installation body, and the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are mutually orthogonal. The structures of the second base, the second mounting body and the second housing may be similar to those of the first base 44, the first mounting body 45 and the first housing 46, and will not be described again. The three-component magnetic field sensing unit is a fluxgate type high-precision high-temperature-resistant magnetic field sensor or a cold atom type magnetic field sensor, and is composed of three independent high-precision high-temperature-resistant fluxgate type magnetic field sensors or cold atom type magnetic field sensing units, and the three fluxgate type magnetic field sensors are fixedly arranged on a triaxial structure to jointly form a mutually orthogonal three-component magnetic field sensor unit.
The three-component posture collection device 2 includes an X-axis posture sensing unit for measuring the posture and displacement in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis posture sensing unit for measuring the posture and displacement in the Y-axis direction, and a Z-axis posture sensing unit for measuring the posture and displacement in the Z-axis direction. The three-component gesture acquisition device 2 is used for measuring three-component gravity gradient fields, three-component gesture and displacement data of the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 when the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 acquire data at different positions, and because the gestures of the underground three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 during measurement can be random, the three-component gravity values and the three-component magnetic field values of all measuring points need to be converted into a unified coordinate system, so that the actual gestures of the underground three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 during measurement of the three-component gravity values and the three-component magnetic field values at each measuring point need to be known, the actual three-component gesture data of the measuring point can be converted by the three-component gravity values and the three-component magnetic field values, and the actual three-component gesture data of the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 can be provided by the three-component gesture acquisition device 2 arranged between the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 at any measuring point. The three-component gesture collection device 2 can further comprise a third base, a third installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the third base, and a third shell sleeved outside the third installation body, wherein the third shell is in threaded connection with the third base, the third installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the third installation body, and the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are mutually orthogonal in pairs. The structures of the third base, the third mounting body and the third housing may be similar to those of the first base 44, the first mounting body 45 and the first housing 46, and will not be described again.
The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit is electrically connected with the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component gesture acquisition device 2 in each acquisition unit, and the three-component gravity and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit can be installed with the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component gesture acquisition device 2 or can be installed in an underground ground instrument vehicle 8. The three-component gravity and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit obtains an underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground gravity horizontal gradient field, an underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground magnetic horizontal gradient field based on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device 4, the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 and the three-component gesture and displacement data acquired by the gesture acquisition device. The three-component gravity, three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit may include: the correction unit is used for carrying out rotation correction on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 by combining the gesture and displacement data so as to convert the three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data at different depth positions; the gravity gradient field acquisition device is used for dividing the three-component gravity data at different depth positions by the vertical or horizontal distance between two points according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of gravity between the two points to calculate an underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient value, and further calculating an underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values; and the magnetic gradient field acquisition device is used for calculating a vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic force according to the difference of vertical or horizontal components of the magnetic field between two points and the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points, and further calculating two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic force vertical gradient component and/or the underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic force.
In a preferred embodiment, the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit may further include: the density parameter calculation unit is used for extracting rock or stratum density parameters related to stratum gravity properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to three-component gravity data at different vertical depth positions; the magnetic parameter calculation unit is used for extracting rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to the three-component magnetic field data at different vertical depth positions; the density value distribution rule acquisition unit is used for carrying out inversion imaging based on rock or stratum density parameters related to stratum gravity properties, a vertical gradient component of underground gravity and/or two horizontal gradient components of an horizontal gradient field of underground gravity to acquire a rock or stratum density value distribution rule in a circumferential radial range of the well; the magnetic distribution rule acquisition unit is used for carrying out inversion imaging based on rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties, two horizontal gradient components of underground magnetic vertical gradient components and/or underground magnetic horizontal gradient fields to acquire rock or stratum magnetic distribution rules in the circumferential radial range of the well.
In a more preferred embodiment, the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit may further include: the analysis unit is used for explaining or evaluating the characteristics of oil gas, high-density minerals or high-magnetic minerals of the rocks or the stratum around the well according to the distribution rule of the density values of the rocks or the stratum in the radial range around the well and the magnetic distribution rule of the rocks or the stratum in the radial range around the well.
In the embodiment of the application, a three-component gravity gradient field and a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method are also provided, and fig. 6 is a flowchart of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method in the embodiment of the application, where the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method may include the following steps:
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquiring device in the embodiment of the present invention during operation, as shown in fig. 5, the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquiring device 1 are lowered into a well by a winch system, the well may include a vertical well, a horizontal well or an inclined well with a certain inclination, and three-component gravity data, three-component magnetic field data, three-component posture and displacement data in the well are acquired point by point according to a preset point distance rule at a well section to be measured in the well. The upper end of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device 1 is connected with an armored cable 7, the armored cable 7 is used for being connected with a ground instrument car 8 to transmit signals and data, and meanwhile, the armored cable 7 is connected between adjacent acquisition units, so that signal data communication and preset distance are kept between the adjacent acquisition units.
The preset point distance can be a fixed distance or different distances. If the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit are installed in the ground instrument vehicle 8 outside the well, the data are transmitted to the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit in the ground instrument vehicle 8 in real time through the armored cable 7 or recorded by a computer.
The three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device 4 and the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device 3 are combined with three-component gesture and displacement data to carry out rotation correction so as to be converted into three-component gravity data and three-component magnetic field data of the same azimuth at different vertical depth positions. The method specifically comprises the following steps: and calculating three-component parameters of gravity and magnetic force according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the tendency in the three-component posture and displacement data. For example, vertical component parameters and/or horizontal component parameters of gravity and magnetic force are calculated from the inclination angle, azimuth angle and inclination; the three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value measured at the measuring depth position are subjected to rotation processing according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the tendency provided by the three-component attitude sensor at the measuring depth position. Firstly, rotating the measured three-component gravity value and magnetic force value to a position with the inclination angle of zero degrees, wherein the vertical components of gravity and magnetic force are vertical to the ground plane, and the measured two mutually orthogonal horizontal gravity components and magnetic force components are parallel to the ground plane; and then the rotated three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value are rotated to a position with zero azimuth angle according to the azimuth angle of the measuring point, at the moment, two horizontal components of gravity and magnetic force are changed into one horizontal component which is north-south, the other horizontal component is east-west, and the vertical component is still vertical to the horizontal ground. In this step, the effect of the formation above the survey point on the gravity value and the magnetic field value of the location of the survey point is eliminated by rotation correction.
And calculating a vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground gravity according to the difference of the vertical or horizontal components of the gravity between the two points by dividing the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by three-component gravity data of the same azimuth at different vertical depth positions, and further calculating two horizontal gradient components of the vertical gradient of the underground gravity and/or the horizontal gradient of the underground gravity according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground gravity. When two acquisition units are installed on the armored cable 7 which falls into the well, the underground gravity vertical gradient value or the underground horizontal gradient value is calculated by dividing the three-component gravity data at different vertical depth positions by the vertical or horizontal distance between the two acquisition units according to the gravity vertical or horizontal component difference between the two points, and then the underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or the two horizontal components of the underground gravity horizontal gradient field are calculated according to all the underground gravity vertical gradient values or the horizontal gradient values.
And calculating the vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic field according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of the magnetic field between the two points by dividing the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by the three-component magnetic field data of the same direction at different depth positions, and further calculating the vertical gradient component of the underground magnetic force and/or the two horizontal components of the horizontal gradient of the underground magnetic force according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic field.
Rock or formation density parameters related to the formation gravity properties are extracted from the three-component gravity data at different depth locations by forward and inversion calculation processes.
Rock or formation magnetic parameters related to formation magnetic properties are extracted through forward and inversion calculation processing according to the three-component magnetic field data at different depth positions.
Inversion imaging is performed based on rock or formation density parameters related to formation gravity properties, a downhole gravity vertical gradient component, and/or two horizontal gradient components of a downhole gravity horizontal gradient field to obtain a distribution rule of rock or formation density values in a circumferential radial range of the well. Borehole gravity measurement is a borehole geophysical method for detecting gravity as a function of depth (i.e., gravity vertical gradient) by parking a borehole gravimeter at a series of borehole survey points, with the objective of studying earth mass and earth average density. With respect to earth's surface gravity measurements, the borehole gravitometer may extend into the earth's gravitational field source, thereby enabling detection of minute gravitational changes caused by the field source. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of gravity measurement precision and resolution, the gravity measurement in a well has been widely applied to the aspects of oil and gas exploration, reservoir evaluation, reservoir monitoring, fluid property identification and the like. The response characteristics of gravity to density anomalies are one of the fundamental problems of gravity measurements in wells, and gravity anomalies will be inverted into geologic data, such as lithology changes, pore zone distributions, etc., that are well known from gravity to the various possible responses that cause formation density changes, and thus are well-independent of the development of forward modeling work in the gravity data inversion work.
When the three-component gravity acquisition device goes deep below the ground surface, the three-component gravity acquisition device approaches the earth gravity field source infinitely along with the increase of depth until the three-component gravity acquisition device enters the field source, and the basic gravity calculation formula is invalid (the wellbore effect is ignored) because the distance between the measuring point and the field source point is 0. The principle of gravity measurement in a well is similar to the high-precision measurement at the ground surface, and is to measure the change of the vertical component of the gravity acceleration. However, the borehole gravity measurements are limited to a vertical orientation below the surface. The gravity measurement in the well is different from the continuous measurement method adopted by other well logging, and the gravity values at different depths are obtained by parking instruments at a series of measuring points in the well for measurement and reading. The change in gravity measured by the instrument in the well is affected by the following factors:
(1) The free air effect FZ, which causes the gravity value to increase as the logging depth increases.
(2) The intermediate layer effect b, i.e. the attractive force effect caused by a horizontal layered medium with a uniform distribution of transverse density.
(3) The gravitational effect of the abnormal density distribution, which indicates the gravitational effect caused by other masses in the crust that do not constitute a horizontal uniform density layer, is referred to as the Bragg gravity anomaly Deltag a.
(4) Gravity effects Δg t on the surface or on the sea floor topography.
(5) Gravity effects Δg b associated with the wellbore, e.g. due to well bore, casing, mud, etc.
In summary, the gravity value g at any point in the well is equal to the formula
g＝g0+FZ+b+△ga+△gt+△gb
Wherein: g 0 represents the value of gravity in the well; gravitational field vertical gradient f= 0.3086Gal/m; z represents the depth of the gravity measurement point (calculated by the reference surface of the wellhead) in the well; Δg/Δz=f-4 pi G ρ Aveb＝－4πgρAve z represents the well interlayer effect; ρ Ave＝G∑pizi/ΣΔzrepresents the weighted average density; g is the gravitational constant.
When the derivative is obtained and the gravity gradient is expressed in a limited form, the following form can be written
△g/△z＝F－4πGρAve+△ga/△z+△gt/△z+△gb/△z
The three terms at the far right end in the above formula are all very small values, so that the three terms can be ignored, and the above formula can be simplified into: Δg/Δz=f-4 pi G ρ Ave
This can be achieved by: ρ Ave = (F- Δg/Δz)/4πg
The above formula is a formula for calculating formation density between measurement points by using the measurement result of gravity in the well. When a horizontal uniform stratum is arranged between the measuring points, the actual density value of the stratum is given by the above formula. In actual calculation, a practical formula is usually adopted, namely
ρAve＝3.68－11.926△g/△z；
Wherein, deltag represents the gravity difference value between any two measuring points in the well, and the unit is mGlul; Δz represents the distance between any two measurement points in the well in m; ρ Ave is the spacing density between any two points in the well in g cm -3.
The inversion of the gravity data in the well is to utilize the gravity value actually measured by the three-component gravity acquisition device at each point in the well, and after eliminating various influencing factors, the average density value rho Ave of the stratum or rock stratum with a certain thickness (delta z) near the measuring point is obtained through the inversion process.
Wherein the distribution rules of the density parameters and the magnetic parameters of the rock minerals or the strata in the circumferential radial range of the well are obtained by performing constraint inversion or joint inversion imaging based on the rock or stratum density parameters related to the stratum gravity property, the rock mineral or stratum magnetic parameters related to the stratum magnetic property, the underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the underground gravity horizontal gradient field, the underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic horizontal gradient field. The three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data measured underground are subjected to mutual constraint inversion or joint inversion, so that more reliable distribution and change of rock mineral density or fluid density in rock pores and magnetism of rock minerals around a well in a certain range around the well can be obtained, and the multi-solution property or non-uniqueness of a single geophysical data processing interpretation result is greatly reduced. The measurement of a single geophysical parameter, such as gravity or magnetic field strength, results in the processing of interpretations that are either multi-solvable or non-unique. Namely, underground geologic bodies with different burial depths, different sizes and different physical parameters (such as density or magnetic susceptibility) can generate completely the same gravity anomaly or magnetic anomaly on the ground, and the underground geologic bodies are inverted by using two different physical parameters, so that the polynaphrodisiac or non-uniqueness of the geologic body interpretation results can be greatly reduced. Constraint inversion refers to providing a constraint of a variation range, such as upper and lower limits of physical property variation, for a solved parameter model in a geophysical inversion process; or to give known conditions to some parameters in the parametric model, such as physical property parameters, known point depth parameters, or known geologic body thickness parameters, such constrained inversion is referred to as constrained inversion. Joint inversion (joint inversion) refers to the simultaneous inversion of two or more geophysical fields to obtain a unified geologic model that satisfies all geophysical observations that are involved in the inversion, a method known as joint inversion. Different types of observations that participate in joint inversion have compatible application premises. The joint inversion includes gravity-magnetic joint inversion and gravity-seismic joint inversion. The constrained inversion of the magnetic anomaly is performed with the geometry and the burial depth of the high-density anomaly determined by gravity anomaly, i.e., only inverting the permeability of the high-magnetic anomaly with the geometry and burial depth of the high-permeability anomaly fixed as the gravity anomaly. The joint inversion is specifically to put the gravity anomaly value and the magnetic anomaly value into the same objective function, and calculate a unified geological anomaly model meeting the gravity and magnetic observation values participating in inversion.
Inversion imaging is performed based on rock or formation magnetic parameters related to formation magnetic properties, a downhole magnetic vertical gradient component, and/or two horizontal gradient components of a downhole magnetic horizontal gradient field to obtain a rock or formation magnetic distribution rule within a circumferential radial range of the well. The magnetic field intensity value of the horizontal lamellar magnetic stratum or rock stratum at any position in the well can be accurately calculated according to an analytical formula, and the magnetic field intensity value of the measuring point in the well is a function of the magnetic parameter or magnetic susceptibility of the stratum or rock stratum near the measuring point and the burial depth and thickness of the stratum or rock stratum. The inversion of the magnetic field data in the well is to utilize the measured magnetic field value of the magnetic field sensor in the well at each point in the well, and after eliminating various influencing factors, the average magnetic parameter or magnetic susceptibility of stratum or rock stratum with a certain thickness (delta z) near the measuring point is obtained through the inversion process. The density parameters and the distribution rules of the magnetic parameters of the rock minerals or the stratum in the circumferential radial range of the well are obtained by constraint inversion or joint inversion imaging based on the rock mineral or the stratum density parameters related to the stratum gravity property, the rock mineral or the stratum magnetic parameters related to the stratum magnetic property, the two horizontal gradient components of the underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or the underground gravity horizontal gradient field, the two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or the underground magnetic horizontal gradient field.
According to the distribution rule of rock or stratum density values in the well circumferential radial range and the distribution rule of rock mineral or stratum magnetism in the well circumferential radial range, explaining or evaluating the characteristics of the rock mineral or stratum oil-gas containing or high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral around the well, deducing the geometric distribution range and volume of the oil-gas containing reservoir or high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral around the well, and further calculating the total oil-gas reserves of the oil-gas containing reservoir and the total weight of the high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral. When the distribution characteristics of the density of the stratum or the rock stratum around the well and the geometric distribution range and the volume of the stratum or the rock stratum with high density or low density are calculated through inversion, the saturation of oil and gas resources in the stratum or the rock stratum can be calculated, and then the total oil content or the total gas content in the stratum or the rock stratum or the total weight of high-density minerals is calculated according to the porosity of the stratum or the rock stratum. When the magnetic parameter or susceptibility distribution characteristics of the formations or strata surrounding the well and the geometric distribution range and volume of the highly magnetic formations or strata are calculated by inversion, the total weight of highly magnetic minerals in the formations or strata can be calculated.
The natural earth gravity field is observed and researched by conventional gravity exploration, and the gravity exploration has two advantages of relatively economy and great exploration depth due to the fact that the density distribution of substances is uneven from the vicinity of the earth surface to the depth of the earth. The gravity measurement in the well adopts a special gravity meter in the well, the change of gravity along the borehole along with the depth can be measured in the borehole with or without casing, and the measurement result can obtain the change of rock density in a certain range around the borehole. Gravity exploration can solve the following tasks of:1, researching the deep structure of the crust, and dividing the geological structure of a research area into mine remote scenic spots; 2. geological mapping of the covered region comprises delineating fracture, broken block structure, invaded body and the like; 3. the method is widely used for general investigation and exploration of combustible deposits (petroleum, natural gas and coal), 4, finding out regional structures, determining substrate fluctuation and finding out local structures such as salt dome, anticline and the like; 5. the general investigation and exploration of metal deposits (iron, chromium, copper, multi-metal and other) are mainly used for finding out structures and rock mass related to ore formation and indirectly finding out ores; 6. the method is also commonly used for searching large near-surface high-density ore bodies and calculating reserves of the ore bodies; engineering geological investigation such as detecting karst, chase breaking and breaking belt, etc.
Three-component gravity and three-component magnetic measurements made in a well can study the variation of the vertical and horizontal components of gravity and magnetic forces at the same time at the same location at different vertical depth locations (along the path of movement of the device in the well) caused by variations in the vertical and lateral positions of subsurface density and subsurface magnetic inhomogeneities (rock minerals or fluids in the rock pores). The change of the three-component gravity in the well along with the depth can be used for calculating the change of the three-component gravity field around the well, and the change of the rock mineral density or the fluid density in the rock pore in a certain range around the well can be deduced through the calculation of the change of the three-component gravity field in the well, so that the three-component gravity field is used for researching the geological structure of a region, exploring solid mineral and oil and gas resources and carrying out long-term dynamic monitoring on the change of the underground fluid distribution of an oil and gas field entering a production period. The magnetic measurement in the well is the extension of the surface magnetic measurement to the underground, the change of the three-component magnetic field in the well along with the depth can be used for calculating the change of the magnetism of the rock around the well, and the magnetic measurement in the well is mainly used for dividing magnetic rock stratum, searching blind ores and the like, and the data of the magnetic measurement in the well has the functions of verifying and supplementing the surface magnetic measurement. In addition, the magnetic nonuniformity of the underground rock can be known, so that the crust structure and structure, the ocean bottom generation and evolution history and the mineral distribution of the land border area can be deduced.
The device and the method for acquiring the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field in the well can detect the density and the magnetic distribution rule of a rock mineral layer or stratum in a larger range around a well Duan Jing to be measured, can improve the resolving power of a target geologic body, greatly reduce the interference of various artificial noises on underground three-component gravity and three-component magnetic measurement data, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the underground three-component gravity and three-component magnetic measurement data, can provide the information of the occurrence of stratum and borehole deviation, and realize the comprehensive interpretation and evaluation of reservoir parameters. In addition, the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device can acquire three-component gravity and three-component magnetic field data in a well under high temperature and high pressure, and the difficulty that an underground gravity data acquisition instrument and an underground magnetic field data acquisition instrument which are currently used in the world cannot operate at the same time under the high temperature Wen Jingli is overcome at one time. The three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data measured underground are subjected to mutual constraint inversion or joint inversion, so that more reliable distribution and change of rock mineral density or fluid density in rock pores and magnetism of rock around a well within a certain range around the well can be obtained, and the multi-solution property or non-uniqueness of a single geophysical data processing interpretation result is greatly reduced.
All articles and references, including patent applications and publications, disclosed herein are incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not substantially affect the essential novel features of the combination. The use of the terms "comprises" or "comprising" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments consisting essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended that any attribute described as "may" be included is optional. Multiple elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, component, section or step is not intended to exclude other elements, components, sections or steps.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described by differences from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to be referred to each other. The above embodiments are provided to illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the same, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit of the present invention should be construed to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device, characterized in that the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device comprises:
The first collection unit and the second collection unit of distance are preset to the interval, first collection unit with the second collection unit all includes respectively: three-component gravity acquisition device, three-component magnetic field acquisition device and three-component gesture acquisition device;
the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit is electrically connected with the three-component gravity acquisition device, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and the three-component gesture acquisition device in the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit obtains two horizontal gradient components of a downhole gravity vertical gradient component and/or a downhole gravity horizontal gradient field, two horizontal gradient components of a downhole magnetic vertical gradient component and/or a downhole magnetic horizontal gradient field based on three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device in the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and three-component gesture and displacement data acquired by the three-component gesture acquisition device; the three-component gravity acquisition device comprises an X-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Y-axis direction and a Z-axis gravity sensing unit for measuring the gravity acceleration of gravity along the Z-axis direction;
The X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are MEMS type or cold atom type gravity sensing units which are orthogonally distributed along three axes;
The three-component magnetic field acquisition device comprises an X-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along an X-axis direction, a Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Y-axis direction and a Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit for measuring a magnetic field value along a Z-axis direction;
The X-axis magnetic force sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic force sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic force sensing unit are magnetic field sensing units of a fluxgate type or a cold atom type which are orthogonally distributed along three axes;
The three-component gesture acquisition device comprises an X-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the X-axis direction, a Y-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Y-axis direction and a Z-axis gesture sensing unit for measuring the gesture and displacement in the Z-axis direction;
The three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device further comprise: the amplifier, the analog-to-digital conversion and the data storage unit are connected between the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and are connected with the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit, and are used for amplifying, analog-to-digital converting and storing analog signals output by the first acquisition unit and the second acquisition unit, and can amplify signals with no less than 18 channels and perform 32-bit analog-to-digital conversion; the three-component gravity acquisition device further comprises a first base, a first installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the first base, and a first shell sleeved outside the first installation body, wherein the first shell is in threaded connection with the first base, the first installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the first installation body, and the X-axis gravity sensing unit, the Y-axis gravity sensing unit and the Z-axis gravity sensing unit are mutually orthogonal; the three-component magnetic field acquisition device further comprises a second base, a second installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the second base, and a second shell sleeved outside the second installation body, wherein the second shell is in threaded connection with the second base, the second installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the second installation body, and the X-axis magnetic field sensing unit, the Y-axis magnetic field sensing unit and the Z-axis magnetic field sensing unit are mutually orthogonal in pairs.
2. The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the three-component gesture acquisition device further comprises a third base, a third installation body fixedly installed in the middle of the third base, and a third shell sleeved outside the third installation body, the third shell is in threaded connection with the third base, the third installation body is at least provided with three side surfaces, the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are respectively installed on the three side surfaces of the third installation body, and the X-axis gesture sensing unit, the Y-axis gesture sensing unit and the Z-axis gesture sensing unit are mutually orthogonal.
3. The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the three-component gravity acquisition device, the three-component magnetic field acquisition device and the three-component posture acquisition device are connected along a straight line, and an armored cable is connected to the upper end of the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device and is used for being connected with a ground instrument vehicle to transmit operation instructions and transmission data.
4. The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device according to claim 1, wherein the three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field calculation unit includes: the correction unit is used for carrying out rotation correction on underground three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device and underground three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device by combining the three-component posture and displacement data so as to convert the underground three-component gravity data and the underground three-component magnetic field data into three-component gravity data and three-component magnetic field data with the same azimuth at different depth positions;
The gravity gradient field acquisition device is used for dividing the three-component gravity data of the same direction at different depth positions by the distance between two points according to the gravity vertical or horizontal component difference between the two points to calculate an underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient value, and further obtaining an underground gravity vertical gradient field and/or an underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values;
And the magnetic gradient field acquisition device is used for calculating a vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic field according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of the magnetic field between two points and the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points, so as to obtain a vertical gradient component of the underground magnetic force and/or two horizontal gradient components of the underground magnetic force horizontal gradient field according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic field.
5. A three-component gravity gradient field, a three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method employing the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method comprises the steps of:
the three-component gravity gradient field and the three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition device acquire three-component gravity data, three-component magnetic field data, three-component gesture and displacement data in a well point by point according to a preset point distance rule at a well section to be detected;
Performing rotation correction on the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device and the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device by combining the three-component posture and displacement data so as to convert the three-component gravity data and the three-component magnetic field data in the same direction at different depth positions;
Calculating underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values according to the difference of gravity vertical or horizontal components between two points and the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by using the three-component gravity data in the same direction at different depth positions, and further calculating underground gravity vertical gradient components and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground gravity horizontal gradient field according to all the underground gravity vertical or horizontal gradient values;
And calculating the vertical or horizontal gradient value of the underground magnetic field according to the vertical or horizontal component difference of the magnetic field between two points by dividing the vertical or horizontal distance between the two points by the three-component magnetic field data of the same direction at different depth positions, and further calculating the vertical gradient component of the underground magnetic field and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the horizontal gradient field of the underground magnetic field according to all the vertical or horizontal gradient values of the underground magnetic field.
6. The three-component gravity gradient field and three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method according to claim 5, wherein in the three-component gravity data acquired by the three-component gravity acquisition device and the three-component magnetic field data acquired by the three-component magnetic field acquisition device are combined with the three-component posture and displacement data to perform rotation correction so as to be converted into three-component gravity data and three-component magnetic field data with the same azimuth at different depth positions, specifically: calculating vertical component parameters and/or horizontal component parameters of gravity and magnetic force according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the tendency in the three-component posture and displacement data; performing rotation processing on the three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value measured at the measured depth position according to the inclination angle, the azimuth angle and the inclination direction provided by the three-component attitude sensor at the measured depth position, wherein the measured three-component gravity value and the measured magnetic force value are firstly rotated to the position with the inclination angle of zero degrees, the vertical components of gravity and magnetic force are changed to be vertical to the ground plane, and the two measured horizontal gravity components and the magnetic force components which are mutually orthogonal are changed to be parallel to the ground plane; and then the rotated three-component gravity value and the magnetic force value are rotated to a position with zero azimuth angle according to the azimuth angle of the measuring point, at the moment, two horizontal components of gravity and magnetic force are changed into one horizontal component which is north-south, the other horizontal component is east-west, and the vertical component is still vertical to the horizontal ground.
7. The three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method of claim 5, further comprising the steps of:
extracting rock or stratum density parameters related to stratum gravity properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to three-component gravity data at different vertical depth positions;
extracting rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties through forward modeling and inversion calculation processing according to three-component magnetic field data at different vertical depth positions;
And performing inversion imaging based on the rock or stratum density parameter related to the stratum gravity property, the underground gravity vertical gradient component and/or the two horizontal gradient components of the underground gravity horizontal gradient field to obtain a rock or stratum density value distribution rule in the circumferential radial range of the well, wherein the rock or stratum density value is calculated by the following formula:
ρAve＝(F－△g/△z)/4πG
Wherein, deltag represents the gravity difference value between any two measuring points in the well, and the unit is mGlul; Δz represents the distance between any two measurement points in the well in m; ρ Ave is the spacing density between any two measurement points in the well, in g cm -3; f is the free air effect coefficient;
And carrying out inversion imaging based on the rock or stratum magnetic parameters related to stratum magnetic properties, the underground magnetic vertical gradient component and/or two horizontal gradient components of an underground magnetic horizontal gradient field to obtain a rock or stratum magnetic distribution rule in a circumferential radial range of the well, wherein inversion of well magnetic field data is to obtain magnetic field values actually measured at each point in the well by utilizing a three-component magnetic field acquisition device, and after various influencing factors are eliminated, obtaining average magnetic parameters or magnetic susceptibility of stratum or strata near the measuring point through an inversion process.
8. The three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method of claim 7, wherein the three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method further comprises the steps of:
And explaining or evaluating the characteristics of the oil-gas-containing or high-density minerals or high-magnetic minerals of the rock or the stratum around the well according to the distribution rule of the density values of the rock or the stratum in the radial range around the well and the distribution rule of the magnetism of the rock or the stratum in the radial range around the well, deducing the geometric distribution range and the volume of the oil-gas-containing reservoir or the high-density minerals or the high-magnetic minerals around the well, and further calculating the total oil-gas reserves of the oil-gas-containing reservoir and the total weight of the high-density minerals or the high-magnetic minerals.
9. The three-component gravity gradient field, three-component magnetic gradient field acquisition method according to claim 8, wherein in the step, according to the rock or stratum density value distribution rule in the well circumferential radial range and the rock or stratum magnetic distribution rule in the well circumferential radial range, explaining or evaluating the rock or stratum oil-gas content or high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral characteristics around the well, deducing the geometric distribution range and volume of the oil-gas-containing reservoir or high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral around the well, further calculating the oil-gas total reserve of the oil-gas-containing reservoir and the total weight of the high-density mineral or high-magnetic mineral, specifically including calculating the distribution characteristics of the density of the stratum or stratum around the well and the geometric distribution range and volume of the high-density stratum or low-density stratum or stratum, calculating the saturation of oil-gas resources in the stratum or stratum, then calculating the total oil-gas content in the stratum or stratum, or calculating the total weight of the high-density mineral according to the porosity of the stratum or stratum; and calculating the magnetic parameters or magnetic susceptibility distribution characteristics of stratum or rock stratum around the well and the geometric distribution range and volume of the high-magnetism stratum or rock stratum through inversion, so as to calculate the total weight of the high-magnetism minerals in the stratum or rock stratum.
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