CN109868237B - Bacillus megaterium and application thereof - Google Patents

Bacillus megaterium and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109868237B
CN109868237B CN201910117339.2A CN201910117339A CN109868237B CN 109868237 B CN109868237 B CN 109868237B CN 201910117339 A CN201910117339 A CN 201910117339A CN 109868237 B CN109868237 B CN 109868237B
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丁中
叶姗
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Abstract

The invention provides a Bacillus megaterium strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45 with a preservation number of: CGMCC No.15119, belonging to the technical field of biological prevention and control of plant nematodes, the fermentation product of the Bacillus megaterium D45 has excellent nematicidal activity, and can be used for preventing and controlling pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes and aphrodisiac cyst nematodes. Proved by verification, the root knot inhibition rates of the fermentation liquor of the bacillus megatherium D45 diluted by 2 times and 5 times to the pseudogramineae root-knot nematode are 67.3 percent and 62.6 percent respectively, and the control effects are 53.1 percent and 56.3 percent respectively; the control effect of the 2-time diluent of the D45 strain fermentation liquor on the heterodera japonica is 60 percent.

Description

Bacillus megaterium and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control of plant nematodes, in particular to bacillus megaterium and application thereof in control of rice nematodes.
Background
Plant nematodes parasitizing at the roots of rice are a class of important pathogenic nematodes causing diseases at the roots of rice, and can generally cause the yield reduction of rice by more than 10%. The nematodes which harm rice in China mainly include pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes (Meloidogynegramicola), heterodera japonica (Heteroderaelachista), Aphlegmatis canescens (Aphlenchoidesebysleyi), Heterorhabdus lateroscopicus (Hirschmanniella pp.), and the like, wherein the pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes (M.graminicola) are considered as plant parasitic nematodes which seriously threaten rice.
The pseudogramineae root-knot nematodes are mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions and occur in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Fujian and other places in China. In recent years, the nematode disease frequently occurs in markets such as Yiyang, Hede, Hengyang, Yueyang, Tanzhou and Changsha in Hunan province, serious threat is caused to rice production, and the loss of the damaged paddy field can reach 87 percent at most; due to the lack of disease-resistant varieties, the change of climatic conditions and sowing modes and the like, the root-knot nematodes of poaceae are increasingly seriously damaged and become important restriction factors of the yield of the main production area of the rice in China.
In the prior art, organophosphorus or carbamate and other non-fumigant nematicides, such as carbofuran, fenamiphos and other nematicides which have high toxicity, long residual time and easy environmental pollution, are mostly used for preventing and controlling rice nematodes. With the disablement of high-toxicity pesticides in China, development of green, environment-friendly and safe biocontrol bacteria for preventing and treating rice root-knot nematodes is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide bacillus megaterium and application thereof, and the bacillus megaterium has obvious control effect on rice parasitic nematodes.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a bacillus megaterium strain D45 with the preservation number as follows: CGMCC No. 15119.
The invention provides a preparation for preventing and treating rice nematodes, which comprises a fermentation product of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 in the scheme.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the preparation, which comprises the following steps: and (3) inoculating the bacillus megaterium D45 to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation to obtain the preparation.
Preferably, the fermentation medium is a beef extract peptone liquid medium.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃; the fermentation time is 36-72 h.
The invention also provides application of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 in the scheme in prevention and treatment of rice nematodes.
Preferably, the rice nematodes include root knot nematodes of poaceae and cyst nematodes of upland rice.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a Bacillus megaterium strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45 with a preservation number of: CGMCC No. 15119; the fermentation product of the bacillus megatherium D45 has excellent nematicidal activity and can be used for preventing and treating pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes and aphrodisiac cyst nematodes. Proved by verification, the root knot inhibition rates of the fermentation liquor of the bacillus megatherium D45 diluted by 2 times and 5 times to the pseudogramineae root-knot nematode are 67.3 percent and 62.6 percent respectively, and the control effects are 53.1 percent and 56.3 percent respectively; the control effect of the 2-time diluent of the D45 strain fermentation liquor on the heterodera japonica is 60 percent.
Biological preservation Instructions
Bacillus megaterium strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45, deposited in China general microbiological culture Collection center in 25.12.2017 at the address of No. 3 West Lu No.1 of the Korean district, Beijing, and the microbial research institute of Chinese academy of sciences, with the deposit number: CGMCC No. 15119.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the culture behavior of Bacillus megaterium D45 in example 2;
FIG. 2 shows the electrophoretogram of the PCR product of Bacillus megaterium D45 in example 2;
FIG. 3 shows a phylogenetic dendrogram of B.megaterium D45 in example 2.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a bacillus megaterium strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45 with a preservation number of: CGMCC No. 15119; the bacillus megaterium strain D45 is obtained by separating and identifying from a soil sample in a forest park of Liuyang Dapengshan in Hunan province, and the separation method is not particularly limited and can be realized by adopting a conventional strain separation method in the field; the identification method comprises morphological identification, physiological and biochemical determination and molecular biological identification; the colony characteristics of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 are as follows: the colony has irregular morphology, wrinkled edges, roughness and opacity, and dry surface which is milk white or beige; observed under an optical microscope, the D45 strain thallus is rod-shaped, round-ended and flagellar-like; the gram reaction was positive.
The invention provides a preparation for preventing and treating rice nematodes, which comprises a fermentation product of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 in the scheme; the preparation preferably also comprises bacillus megaterium D45 thallus and a fermentation medium; the effective viable count of Bacillus megaterium D45 in the preparation is preferably 1 × 109~1×1011CFU/mL, more preferably 1X 1010CFU/mL。
In the invention, the fermentation medium is preferably beef extract peptone liquid medium; the beef extract peptone liquid medium preferably comprises the following components in parts by weight based on 1L: 4-6 g of beef peptone, 18-22 g of glucose, 2-4 g of beef extract and the balance of double distilled water, and the more preferable components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5g of beef peptone, 20g of glucose, 3g of beef extract and the balance of double distilled water; the pH value of the beef extract peptone liquid culture medium is preferably 7-8, and more preferably 7.5;
in the invention, the beef extract peptone liquid medium is preferably prepared by adopting the following method: mixing beef peptone, glucose, beef extract and double distilled water, and sterilizing to obtain beef extract peptone liquid culture medium; the mixing method is not particularly limited, and the uniform mixing is taken as the standard; the sterilization mode is preferably high-temperature and high-pressure sterilization; the temperature of the sterilization is preferably 121 ℃; the sterilization time is preferably 20-30 min according to the volume of the culture solution.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the preparation in the scheme, which comprises the following steps: and (3) inoculating the bacillus megaterium D45 to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation to obtain the preparation. The inoculation amount of the bacillus megaterium D45 is not particularly limited in the present invention; the fermentation temperature is preferably 25-30 ℃, more preferably 26-29 ℃, and most preferably 27-28 ℃; the fermentation time is preferably 36-72 h, and more preferably 48 h; the fermentation mode is preferably shaking table fermentation; the rotating speed of the shaking table is preferably 150-200 r/min, and more preferably 180 r/min.
In the present invention, after fermentation, it is preferable to further comprise centrifuging the fermentation broth obtained by the fermentation; the rotation speed of the centrifugation is preferably 5000-10000 r/min, and more preferably 8000 r/min; the time for centrifugation is preferably 8-15 min, and more preferably 10-12 min.
The invention also provides application of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 or the preparation in the scheme in preventing and treating rice nematodes; the rice nematodes include pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes and aphrodisiac cyst nematodes.
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1 isolated culture of Bacillus megaterium Strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45(CGMCC15119)
And (3) preparing a soil sample diluent by adopting an equal ratio dilution method. 2g of soil was weighed into a beaker containing 30mL of sterile water and after shaking, the gradient (10)-1-10-7) Diluting, coating 100 μ L of the diluent in the last three dilution gradient test tubes on beef extract peptone culture plates, drying on an ultra-clean bench, and culturing the coated plates at 28 deg.C in dark for 2 d.
And (4) picking the separated single bacterial colony to a culture medium by using a sterilized toothpick for purification to obtain the separated and purified bacteria. Transferring the separated and purified bacteria into a round bottom glass test tube (20 × 200mm) by using a sterilized toothpick, and culturing at 28 ℃ and 180r/min for 48h to obtain a fermentation liquid.
Example 2: identification of the purified species obtained in example 1
(1) Morphological characteristics
The colony cultured on beef extract peptone medium at 25 + -1 deg.C for 24 hr has irregular morphology, edge fold, roughness, opacity, dry surface, and milky white or beige color, as shown in FIG. 1. The D45 strain body was rod-shaped, round-ended, and flagellar-like.
(2) Physiological and biochemical experiment
The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the biocontrol bacterium D45 are that gram reaction is positive, starch can be hydrolyzed, reduction reaction can be generated with nitrate, methyl red test is negative reaction, catalase can be utilized, hydrogen sulfide is not generated, gelatin decomposition capacity is realized, and acetyl methyl methanol test is positive.
(3)16SrDNA sequencing and sequence analysis
Extracting bacterial genome DNA, and carrying out PCR amplification on 16SrDNA by adopting bacterial universal primers 8f (shown as SEQ ID NO.1, specifically: 5'-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3') and 1492r (shown as SEQ ID NO.2, specifically: 5'-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3').
Reaction system: 10 XPCR buffer (Mg)2+Plus) 5. mu.L, dNTPMixtue (10mmol/L) 4. mu.L, primers (10. mu. mol/L) each 2. mu.L, Taq DNA polymerase (5U/uL) 0.4. mu.L, DNA template 2. mu.L, sterilized ddH2O make up to 50. mu.L.
PCR amplification conditions: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 2.5min, denaturation at 94 ℃ for 30S, renaturation at 55 ℃ for 1min, extension at 72 ℃ for 1min, 35 cycles, and extension at 72 ℃ for 10 min.
A specific fragment of approximately 1500bp in size was obtained, see FIG. 2. The sequence is searched by Blast homologous sequence and is respectively downloaded into homologous 16SrDNA sequences in databases such as GenBank and the like. And selecting a strain with higher homology, performing phylogenetic analysis by using software MAGA5.0, and constructing a 16SrDNA phylogenetic tree of the strain D45. Strain D45 was found to have 99% homology with B.megaterium as shown in FIG. 3.
Example 3: indoor nematicidal activity of strain D45CGMCC15119
The method comprises the steps of taking potato rot stem nematodes and pseudogramineae root-knot nematodes as targets, adopting a direct contact killing method to screen, culturing the bacterial strains (strain D45CGMCC15119) purified in the embodiment 1 at 28 ℃ and 180r/min by using an NB liquid culture medium for 48h, centrifuging fermentation liquor for 10min at 8000r/min, taking 2mL of supernatant into a glass culture dish with the diameter of 5cm, adding 100 mu L (about 100 strips) of nematode suspension, repeating the treatment for 3 times, treating the sterile NB culture solution as a control, sealing the culture dish by using a sealing film, placing the culture dish in a constant-temperature incubator at 25 +/-1 ℃, observing and recording the mortality rate and the expression of the nematodes 24h and 48h after the treatment, and calculating and correcting the mortality rate. See tables 1 and 2 for results.
Corrected mortality (%) - (treatment nematode mortality-control nematode mortality)/(1-control nematode mortality) ] × 100
TABLE 1 lethality of D45CGMCC15119 fermentation broth to rot-stem nematode of potato
Figure BDA0001970643440000051
TABLE 2 lethality of soil bacteria fermentation broth to second instar larvae of Meloidogyne graminifolia
Figure BDA0001970643440000052
Figure BDA0001970643440000061
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the fermentation supernatant of the strain D45 diluted 2 times and 5 times has excellent nematicidal activity against potato rot stem nematodes and pseudogramineous root-knot nematodes.
Example 4: d45 strain fermentation liquor fumigation virulence determination
5mL of the fermentation broth of example 1 was added to one well of the cell plate, and a layer of water-agar medium (0.8% water agar, 5mm thick) was added to each of the other two wells. About 200 pieces of the nematodes, which are putrid-stem nematodes, were added to the surface of the water-agar medium, respectively. The cell plates were sealed with a preservative film to prevent evaporation of volatiles. After 24h incubation at 25 ℃, live and immobile larvae were recorded separately by counting under the microscope. Those immobile nematodes were considered dead when they did not recover within 12 hours after transfer to sterile water. In the control plate, the fermentation broth was replaced with an equal volume of double distilled water.
The results of the fumigation virulence determination are shown in table 3, and the results show that the volatile matter of the fermentation liquor of the strain D45 has certain insecticidal activity on the potato stem rot nematodes. The mortality rate of the nematodes after 48 hours of treatment reaches more than 50 percent.
TABLE 3 mortality of fermentation broth volatiles of Strain D45 to Phoma potamoebae (%)
Figure BDA0001970643440000062
Example 5: pot culture test for preventing and treating root knot nematode of gramineous rice by using D45 strain fermentation liquor
The D45 strain purified in example 1 is inoculated in NB liquid medium, cultured for 48h at 28 ℃ and 180r/min, and the fermentation liquid is taken for standby. Uniformly mixing the diseased soil with the pseudogramineae root-knot nematode, and subpackaging the mixture into seedling pots with the height of 15cm and the diameter of 10cm, wherein each pot contains 250g of the pathogenic soil. 50mL of fermentation liquor is poured into each pot, and after water is drained, the rice seeds with germination accelerating and white exposing are planted into seedling pots, 5 seeds are planted in each pot, and the steps are repeated for 4 times. The blank control group was irrigated with equal amount of clear water. After 20 days, the root knot number of the root system is observed, and the root knot inhibition rate is calculated. See table 4 for results.
The root knot inhibition ratio was (1-number of root knots in treated group/number of root knots in control group) × 100%
As can be seen from Table 4, the fermentation broth of the strain D45 has a high potted plant control effect on the root-knot nematodes of Poaceae.
TABLE 4 potted plant control effect of fermentation liquor of strain D45 on root-knot nematode of poaceae
Figure BDA0001970643440000063
Figure BDA0001970643440000071
Example 6: field control effect of D45 strain fermentation liquor on pseudogramineae root-knot nematode
The fermentation liquid of D45 strain in example 1 was diluted 2 times, 5 times, and 10 times, respectively, and sprayed uniformly in a watering pot. The blank control was sprayed with equal amount of clear water. Spraying the fertilizer twice on the day of sowing and 7 days after sowing. Check 30 days after the last 1 application. And (3) taking 5 rice plants per point in each cell according to a five-point sampling method, and checking the root node number and the root node grading of 25 rice plants.
The root grading standard adopts a grading standard of 0-10 grades: grade 0, healthy, no root knot; level 1, small root knot, extremely small quantity and difficult observation; (ii) a 2 grade, small root knots, and a little more root knots, which is easy to observe; grade 3, small root knots, more roots and no influence on the root system function due to coiling; the number of 4-level root knots is large, large root knots are formed, and most root systems are healthy; grade 5, 25% -49% of root systems have root knots, and the root system function is not influenced; grade 6, 50-74% of root systems have root knots, and the normal functions of the root systems are influenced; grade 7, more than 75% of root systems have root knots and lose the function of the root systems; grade 8, no healthy root system exists, and the plant still survives; grade 9, the whole root system is rotten, and the plant tends to die; grade 10, plant death. The root knot inhibition rate, the root knot index and the root knot index control effect are calculated according to the following calculation formulas, and the results are shown in table 5.
The root knot inhibition ratio was (1-number of root knots in treated group/number of root knots in control group) × 100%
Root knot index ═ Σ (number of diseased plants at each stage × number of corresponding stage)/(total number of investigated plants × number of highest diseased stage) × 100
Control effect (%) - (1-treatment group root knot index/control group root knot index) × 100
As can be seen from Table 5, the fermentation broth of the strain D45 has significant control effect on the root-knot nematodes of Gramineae, the root-knot inhibition rates of the fermentation broth diluted by 2 times and 5 times on the root-knot nematodes of Gramineae are 67.3% and 62.6%, and the control effects are 53.1% and 56.3% respectively.
TABLE 5 field control effect of fermentation liquor of strain D45 on root-knot nematode of poaceae
Figure BDA0001970643440000072
Figure BDA0001970643440000081
Example 7: field control effect of D45 strain fermentation liquor on heterodera sinensis
Diluting the fermentation liquor of the D45 strain by 2 times and 5 times respectively, and then uniformly spraying the diluted fermentation liquor by using a watering pot. The blank control was sprayed with equal amount of clear water. Spraying the fertilizer twice on the day of sowing and 30 days after sowing. Collecting rice bags and rhizosphere soil at random 5 points in each cell after harvesting, uniformly mixing, separating 1L soil cysts by adopting a sucrose centrifugation method, and counting. See table 6 for results. As can be seen from Table 6, the D45 strain fermentation broth 2-fold diluted solution has a better control effect on the heterodera japonica cyst nematodes, and the control effect is 60%.
Control effect (%) { (number of cysts in control group-number of cysts in treatment group)/number of cysts in control group } × 100
TABLE 6 field control effect of fermentation liquor of strain D45 on heterodera glehni
Figure BDA0001970643440000082
From the above examples, the invention provides a Bacillus megaterium strain (Bacillus megaterium) D45(CGMCC15119), and the fermentation liquid of the D45 strain can be used for preventing and treating root knot nematode and cyst nematode of oryza sativa.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Sequence listing
<110> Hunan agriculture university
<120> bacillus megaterium and application thereof
<160> 2
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
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<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
agagtttgat cctggctcag 20
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<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence (Artificial Sequence)
<400> 2
ggttaccttg ttacgactt 19

Claims (7)

1. A bacillus megaterium strain D45 with the preservation number: CGMCC No. 15119.
2. A formulation for controlling rice nematodes, said formulation comprising the fermentation product of bacillus megaterium strain D45 of claim 1.
3. A method of preparing the formulation of claim 2, comprising the steps of: and (3) inoculating the bacillus megaterium D45 to a fermentation culture medium for fermentation to obtain the preparation.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation medium is a beef extract peptone liquid medium.
5. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25-30 ℃; the fermentation time is 36-72 h.
6. Use of the bacillus megaterium strain D45 of claim 1 for controlling rice nematodes.
7. The use according to claim 6, wherein the rice nematodes include root knot nematodes of the poaceae family and cyst nematodes of the uplii family.
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CN110669691B (en) * 2019-10-17 2022-07-12 青岛农业大学 Bacillus megaterium for preventing and treating plant nematode diseases and application thereof
CN116676221B (en) * 2023-05-25 2024-05-28 华中农业大学 Bacillus megaterium capable of effectively poisoning plant parasitic nematodes and application thereof

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