CN109865601B - Method for improving flotation effect of compound collector for mineral flotation - Google Patents

Method for improving flotation effect of compound collector for mineral flotation Download PDF

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CN109865601B
CN109865601B CN201910181403.3A CN201910181403A CN109865601B CN 109865601 B CN109865601 B CN 109865601B CN 201910181403 A CN201910181403 A CN 201910181403A CN 109865601 B CN109865601 B CN 109865601B
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flotation
crystal
isomeric
mineral
collector
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CN109865601A (en
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邓久帅
徐宏祥
孙春宝
范桂侠
寇珏
司亮
宋国君
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Zhengzhou University
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for improving the flotation effect of a compound collector for mineral flotation. The method comprises the steps of uniformly sampling and sampling crushed raw ores, carrying out XRD analysis to determine a target mineral type and a main crystal face, carrying out TEM and EBSD analysis to determine an exposed main dissociation face, carrying out DFT calculation on the obtained mixed crystal form and crystal face to re-verify an unstable crystal face or an easily exposed crystal face, carrying out interaction DFT theoretical calculation on the main dissociation face of each 'isomeric' crystal form and a plurality of direct flotation collectors with different groups, finally determining the most appropriate group and collector type and the general ratio of the group and the collector type of each 'isomeric' crystal form, and determining a final group or collector and a compounding ratio. The method can enable the types of the screened medicaments for compounding to be more accurate, the medicament compounding ratio to be more accurate, the compounding efficiency to be higher and the determination period to be short.

Description

Method for improving flotation effect of compound collector for mineral flotation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral separation, and particularly relates to a method for improving the flotation effect of a compound collector for mineral flotation.
Background
In the flotation practice process, people find that a certain collecting agent is difficult to achieve a good separation effect when used alone, and the collecting agent is combined and used according to a certain rule, so that unexpected effects can be achieved. This effect is often referred to as a synergistic effect and the agents used are referred to as combination agents.
At present, the compounding of a combined medicament mainly relates to exploring the relationship between the performance and the structure of a collecting agent, finding out the change rule of the performance and the structure and improving the flotation performance of the collecting agent; and simultaneously relates to the combination of the existing collecting agents so as to obtain a high-efficiency formula suitable for various practical purposes. Most of the collectors used in the research and production of the flotation of the refractory oxide ores at present, especially the collectors developed in recent years and having good effect, are reported to be compounded.
However, the existing method for compounding the mineral flotation collecting agent mainly determines the type and proportion relation of the compounded agent by researching the structure and performance of the agent and a flotation test, and particularly, the existing method specially aiming at compounding the mineral collecting agent with an isomeric mixed crystal form is not available. The existing compounding method has the defects of long period for determining the type and proportion of the medicament combination, high cost, medicament waste and the like. However, the same mineral often exists in an actual ore deposit, the same molecular formula or atomic stoichiometric ratio exists, but the mineral deposit has different geometrical and electronic structures such as crystal systems, space groups and the like, so different dissociation surfaces can be presented in the crushing and grinding process, different surface properties and the action of a collecting agent group are reflected, particularly in the field of mineral processing, few new mineral processing related technologies developed by utilizing the essence of multiple crystal forms of the same mineral exist, and no patent publication is published for developing and improving the compounding effect of a mineral flotation collecting agent by utilizing the fact that the same mineral simultaneously has multiple crystal forms. The development of a method for improving the flotation effect of the compound collector for mineral flotation has important value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the method for improving the flotation effect of the compound collector for mineral flotation, which fully considers the difference of the mixed crystal form surface properties of the 'isomeric' mineral, determines the most appropriate compound medicament through theoretical calculation and experiments, reduces the medicament waste and improves the flotation effect of medicament compounding.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the flotation effect of a compound collector for mineral flotation comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly sampling and preparing the crushed raw ore into powder and small ores with smooth and flat surfaces, taking 3-5 g of the powder to perform X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine the types and main crystal faces of target minerals, and taking the ores to perform Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) analysis respectively to determine exposed main dissociation faces or dominant dissociation faces; the method comprises the following steps of (1) calculating Density Functional Theory (DFT) by using crystal types determined by XRD, particularly various 'isomeric' crystal forms and crystal faces of target minerals, comparing the energy and spatial structure characteristics of each 'isomeric' crystal face through geometric and electronic structures, and determining the most unstable crystal face or the most easily exposed crystal face, namely a main dissociation face or a dominant dissociation face, in the crushing and ore grinding processes; checking dominant dissociation surfaces obtained by DFT theoretical calculation and interfaces obtained by TEM and EBSD empirical analysis, and finally determining main dissociation surfaces of each 'isomeric' crystal form;
(2) after the main dissociation surface of the 'isomeric' crystal form is finally determined, performing DFT theoretical calculation of interaction between the main dissociation surface of each 'isomeric' crystal form and a plurality of forward flotation collecting agents with different groups, analyzing the adsorption energy and geometric change of each 'isomeric' surface and collecting agents with different groups by considering a vacuum system or two theoretical calculation conditions of solvation effect, and finally determining the most suitable group and collecting agent of the main dissociation surface of each 'isomeric' crystal form;
(3) because the surface properties of each 'isomeride' crystal form are different, the most suitable group or collecting agent is different, the most suitable group or collecting agent use ratio of each 'isomeride' is determined by determining the gross ratio of each 'isomeride', and the most suitable group or collecting agent use ratio of the main separation surface of each 'isomeride' is finally determined, so that the best compound type and compound proportion relation of the mineral flotation collecting agent are determined, and finally the mineral flotation compound collecting agent is formed;
(4) the flotation process of roughing, concentration and scavenging is adopted, the compound collecting agent is added in the roughing and concentration stages, and the adjusting agent, the activating agent and the like are added, so that flotation concentrate is finally obtained.
The technical principle of the invention is as follows:
it is a well-known fact that valuable metals in actual ores often coexist in one or more minerals, such as copper, which often exists in the form of chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite, malachite, pinosyte, cuprite, and the like. However, the same mineral has the same molecular formula and name, and there are also multiple structural types or crystal types, such as hematite, the molecular formula is Fe2O3, the same mining area may have a hexagonal crystal system (cell parameter is a × b × c =5.0356 × 5.0356 × 13.7489), a cubic crystal system (cell parameter is a × b × c =8.3515 × 8.3515 × 8.3515), and a tetragonal crystal system (cell parameter is a × b × c =8.34 × 8.34 × 25.02), the fact that the "isomeric" mixed crystal forms coexist is easily ignored, and in fact, the "isomeric" crystal forms of the same mineral have different crystal geometric and electronic structural properties, so that the properties of the main dissociation surfaces exposed during crushing and grinding are different, and further the types of actions of the collecting agent are not completely the same, which provides a possibility for improving the combination effect of the collecting agent. Through means of theoretical calculation and analytical characterization, the optimal group or collecting agent suitable for each isomeric crystal form surface is determined together, and the proportion of the optimal group or collecting agent is added, so that the optimal collecting agent compound type and compound ratio suitable for the mineral are deduced, and the method for improving the effect of the mineral flotation compound collecting agent is formed.
The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
(1) according to the situation that the same mineral in nature has an 'isomeric' mixed crystal form, the invention can enable the types of the screened medicaments to be more accurate, the medicament compounding ratio to be more accurate, the compounding efficiency to be higher and the determination period to be short.
(2) The invention avoids the defects of determining the type and the ratio of the compound medicament by a large number of small tests and can avoid medicament waste.
(3) The invention has strong technical adaptability and can be suitable for various types of mineral flotation.
Detailed Description
(1) The iron ore with 38% of raw ore grade and the iron ore mainly recovered is hematite, the crushed raw ore is uniformly sampled and sampled (made into powder and small blocks with smooth and flat surfaces), 3-5 g of the raw ore is taken to be subjected to X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine that the target ore is mainly hematite, and the target ore is of two types of hexagonal system (unit cell parameter is a X b X c = 5.0356X 5.0356X 13.7489) and cubic system (unit cell parameter is a X b X c = 8.3515X 8.3515X 8.3515), and the main crystal faces are (001) and (110) and the like. And (3) respectively analyzing the bulk ore by using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and an Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) to determine that the exposed main dissociation surface or the dominant dissociation surface of the two hematites in the ore area is the (001) surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the two crystal types identified by XRD and the (001) and (110) planes, etc. And (3) selecting a super-soft pseudopotential plane wave basis set based on a density functional theory by calculation, solving exchange correlation energy by applying a generalized gradient functional GGA (general gradient functional) to all calculations, and performing all calculations in a reciprocal space by adopting spin polarization. And (2) calculating the structural relaxation, the Mulliken population and the electronic property of the atoms of the (001) and (110) surfaces by adopting a periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) plane wave pseudopotential method. (001) The bonds in the face have a larger average bond length, a smaller average overlap bond population, and a thinner electron distribution, indicating that the (001) face has a lower stability, the bonds are weaker, and the breakage occurs preferentially over the (110) face. Therefore, the (001) plane is determined to be an unstable crystal plane or a crystal plane which is easy to be exposed and dissociated, and the calculation result is consistent with the results obtained by TEM and EBSD empirical analysis and is the main dissociation plane.
(2) And (2) respectively carrying out interaction DFT theoretical calculation on the (001) surfaces of two hematite crystal forms, a positive flotation collector petroleum sodium sulfonate and an oxidized paraffin soap, and calculating and selecting an ultra-soft pseudopotential plane wave group based on a density functional theory, wherein all the calculations use a generalized gradient functional GGA to solve exchange correlation energy, and all the calculations adopt spin polarization and are carried out in a reciprocal space. And respectively adding the optimized common collecting agent molecular structures such as sodium oleate, oleic acid, dodecylamine, petroleum sodium sulfonate, oxidized paraffin soap and the like to the optimized (001) surface, and performing geometric optimization and then energy calculation on the integral model. And the calculation is repeated under the vacuum system and the solvation effect respectively to calculate the adsorption energy. The calculation formula of the adsorption energy is as follows: wherein, the sum respectively represents the total energy of the (001) surface supercell model after the medicament A is not adsorbed and adsorbed; representing the energy of the agent A, namely the adsorption energy of the collector on the surface of the (001); more negative means that the adsorption reaction is more likely to occur. The results of the adsorption energy calculations confirm that hexagonal hematite is more suitable for sodium petroleum sulfonate and cubic hematite is more suitable for oxidized paraffin soap in vacuum and solvation systems.
(3) The ratio of probability of two crystal forms of a hexagonal crystal system and a cubic crystal system is estimated to be 3: 1-6: 1 by analysis and characterization in step (1), hematite (001) surfaces of different crystal systems have different surface properties and optimal adaptive reagent groups, surface action sites and adsorption sites are compared, and the molar ratio of the effective groups of the petroleum sodium sulfonate and the oxidized paraffin soap is determined to be 4: 1-8: 1, so that the optimal compound type and compound ratio relation of the hematite flotation collector in the mining area are determined.
(4) After the steps (1) to (3) are completed, grinding raw ores, wherein the granularity of 200 meshes accounts for 75-85% (or 80%), the target ores are basically dissociated, the flotation concentration is 25-45% (or 30%), a closed flotation process of primary roughing, secondary concentration and tertiary scavenging is adopted, the compound collecting agent is added in the stages of roughing and concentrating, the adjusting agent dilute sulfuric acid is added, the pH value is acidic, and the like, so that 58.5% of flotation concentrate is finally obtained, and the recovery rate is 86.4%.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.

Claims (4)

1. A method for improving the flotation effect of a compound collector for mineral flotation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly sampling and preparing the crushed raw ore into powder and small ores with smooth and flat surfaces, taking 3-5 g of the powder, performing X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) to determine the type and main crystal faces of target minerals, and taking the ores, and performing Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) analysis to determine the exposed main dissociation faces; performing density functional theory DFT calculation on various 'isomeric' crystal forms and crystal faces of a target mineral by adopting the crystal type determined by XRD, comparing the energy and spatial structure characteristics of each 'isomeric' crystal face through geometric and electronic structures, determining the most unstable crystal face in the crushing and grinding process, verifying a dominant dissociation face obtained by DFT theoretical calculation and an interface obtained by TEM and EBSD empirical analysis, and finally determining a main dissociation face of each 'isomeric' crystal form;
(2) after the main dissociation surface of the 'isomeric' crystal form is finally determined, DFT theoretical calculation of interaction is carried out on the main dissociation surface of each 'isomeric' crystal form and a plurality of direct flotation collecting agents with different groups, the adsorption energy and geometric change of each 'isomeric' surface and collecting agents with different groups are analyzed, and the most suitable group of the main dissociation surface of each 'isomeric' crystal form and the compounding proportion of the collecting agents and the collecting agents are finally determined;
(3) and adding the compound collecting agent and the regulator in the rough concentration and the fine concentration stages by adopting a flotation process of rough concentration, fine concentration and scavenging, and finally obtaining the concentrate with the improved flotation effect.
2. The method for improving the flotation effect of the compounded collector for mineral flotation according to claim 1, wherein the minerals with the isomeric mixed crystal form comprise hematite and copper-lead-zinc sulfide.
3. The method for improving the flotation effect of the compounded collector for mineral flotation according to claim 1, wherein the theoretical calculation condition of DFT theoretical calculation in the step (2) is a vacuum system condition or a solvation effect condition.
4. The method for improving the flotation effect of the compounded collector for mineral flotation according to claim 1, wherein the step (3) is carried out under the condition that the granularity of 200 meshes accounts for 75-85%, the meshes of minerals are basically dissociated, and the flotation concentration is controlled to be 25-45%.
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