CN109865482B - Antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109865482B
CN109865482B CN201910260818.XA CN201910260818A CN109865482B CN 109865482 B CN109865482 B CN 109865482B CN 201910260818 A CN201910260818 A CN 201910260818A CN 109865482 B CN109865482 B CN 109865482B
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任学宏
张艳
范冰杰
吕长辉
李霞
刘颖
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Abstract

The invention discloses an antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material, and a preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps: (1) dispersing nanocrystalline cellulose in deionized water to prepare a phase A; (2) dissolving cyanuric chloride in an organic solvent to prepare a phase B; (3) slowly dripping the phase B into the phase A, reacting under the condition of mechanical stirring, continuously dripping an alkali solution to keep the pH constant, preparing an antibacterial nanocrystal cellulose suspension after the reaction is finished, and then concentrating to prepare a phase C; (4) and adding a siloxane compound into the phase C for reaction, standing the reaction solution after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying and chlorinating to prepare the antibacterial oil-water separated nano aerogel composite material. The composite material not only has an antibacterial function, but also can be used for selective oil-water separation, and has very important significance.

Description

Antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to an antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid development of industry and current population growth, water resources become scarce. Among them, oily wastewater is one of the problems. The waste water also comprises various toxic substances and various pathogens which have great harm to human beings, such as escherichia coli and the like. Discharge of untreated oily wastewater into the environment can create serious ecological problems. In this context, researchers have been working on developing antibacterial and adsorbent materials.
Nanocrystalline cellulose, as a natural material, has abundant sources, high crystallinity, high strength, good biocompatibility, and can be degraded and regenerated under natural conditions, and thus, the research work is focused. Meanwhile, nanocrystalline cellulose has a high specific surface area due to its nanoscale size, making it an excellent adsorbent material.
However, the nanocrystalline cellulose has no bactericidal effect per se, and even due to the porous property of the prepared aerogel adsorption material, the prepared aerogel adsorption material provides an attached surface for bacteria, so that the bacteria can grow and reproduce more easily under the humid condition. In addition, the strong hydrophilic property of the cellulose skeleton can cause the collapse of the structure when the adsorption material is contacted with water, so that the aerogel can not keep the original form in the water environment, the adsorption capacity is lost, and the application of the aerogel in the aspect of wastewater adsorption is limited. Therefore, the method endows the aerogel adsorption material with antibacterial performance and hydrophobicity and lipophilicity so as to improve the performance of the aerogel adsorption material in removing oily pollutants in water and killing bacteria, and is an important direction of current research.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the applicant of the invention provides an antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The composite material not only has an antibacterial function, but also can be used for selective oil-water separation, and has very important significance.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material, wherein the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing nanocrystalline cellulose in deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly to obtain a phase A;
(2) dissolving cyanuric chloride in an organic solvent to prepare a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the phase A to be alkaline by using alkali liquor, then adjusting the temperature to be 0-5 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant, then slowly dripping the phase B into the phase A, reacting under the condition of mechanical stirring, continuously dripping the alkali liquor to keep the pH constant, preparing an antibacterial nano-crystal cellulose suspension after the reaction is finished, and then concentrating to prepare a phase C;
(4) and adjusting the pH value of the C phase to be acidic by using an acid solution, adding a siloxane compound into the C phase for reaction, standing the reaction solution after the reaction is finished, and freeze-drying and chlorinating to prepare the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material.
The antibacterial nanocrystalline cellulose has a structure shown in a general formula (1):
Figure BDA0002015215170000021
wherein X represents chlorine or bromine.
In the step (1), the nano crystalline cellulose accounts for 1-8 wt% of the total mass of the deionized water.
The organic solvent in the step (2) is ethanol or acetone; the volume/mass ratio of the organic solvent to the cyanuric chloride is 5: 1.
The dosage of the cyanuric chloride accounts for 50-200 wt% of the total mass of the nano-crystalline cellulose.
The reaction pH value in the step (3) is 8-11, and the reaction time is 1-5 h.
And (4) centrifuging the solution obtained after the reaction in the step (3) at 10000rpm for 10min, dialyzing the obtained precipitate with deionized water until the pH value is neutral, and concentrating to obtain a C phase with the concentration of 2-8 wt%.
The reaction temperature in the step (4) is 60-100 ℃, the pH is 2-6, and the reaction time is 1-5 h.
The dosage of the siloxane compound in the step (4) is 1 to 20 weight percent of the total mass of the phase C.
And (4) standing for 3-10h after the reaction in the step (4), freeze-drying, chlorinating for 1h by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washing by using distilled water, freeze-drying, and placing in an oven to be dried for 2h at 45 ℃ to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
the method has the advantages of few raw material types, simple and convenient operation method, simple process and short reaction time, and the prepared nano aerogel is a porous adsorption material, has high-efficiency and reproducible antibacterial function, high-efficiency oil absorption and reusability, and has high practical application value.
In the invention, cyanuric chloride with high reaction activity and nano-crystalline cellulose are subjected to grafting reaction to obtain the antibacterial nano-crystalline cellulose. The nano-crystalline cellulose is uniformly dispersed in the solution before and after the reaction, and the well-dispersed antibacterial nano-crystalline suspension is obtained by dialysis, concentration and other methods. The difficulty that the nanocrystalline cellulose is difficult to redisperse after grafting reaction is overcome, and the next reaction is facilitated. The siloxane compound is used as a cross-linking agent, and under the acidic and high-temperature conditions, the siloxane compound is hydrolyzed and can be cross-linked with hydroxyl on cellulose to form a three-dimensional network structure, so that the defect that a cellulose framework collapses in water is avoided, and the hydrophobic and oleophilic characteristics of the material are endowed.
In the invention, the aerogel is prepared by adopting a freeze-drying method, during the freeze-drying process, water in the aerogel forms ice crystals, and hydrogen bonds are formed between adjacent compounds, so that the nanocrystalline cellulose is aggregated, and the aerogel with a porous structure is formed. The prepared aerogel can adsorb a large amount of organic matters in wastewater due to the porous property and the hydrophobic and oleophylic property of the aerogel, so that oil-water separation is realized. And the haloamine antibacterial agent carried by the aerogel antibacterial agent endows the aerogel with an antibacterial function, prevents bacteria from growing and propagating in the gaps of the aerogel and can kill the bacteria in water.
According to the invention, the halamine precursor is grafted to the nanocrystalline cellulose, the siloxane compound is used for crosslinking, the aerogel is prepared by a freeze-drying method, the reaction is stable, the method is simple, the aerogel prepared by the method has a three-dimensional porous structure, and the mass is light (less than or equal to 0.086 g/cm)3) And the porosity is high (more than or equal to 95.2 percent). The nano aerogel prepared by the invention can inactivate 100% of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli within 1min and 5min respectively, and has excellent antibacterial performance. The nano aerogel prepared by the invention has excellent oil absorption performance, and can still maintain the oil absorption capacity of about 16g/g after 10 times of adsorption-desorption cycles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of the present invention.
In the figure: the scale is 50 μm;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the oil absorption-desorption cycle test of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
An antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) adding 1g of nano-crystalline cellulose into 100g of deionized water solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a uniform suspension with the mass fraction of 1 wt%, wherein the uniform suspension is used as a phase A;
(2) dissolving 2g of melamine antibacterial agent precursor cyanuric chloride in 10ml of ethanol to be used as a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the phase A to 8 by using a sodium bicarbonate solution at 0-5 ℃, slowly dropwise adding the phase B into the phase A, continuously stirring, reacting for 1h, centrifuging the obtained solution at 10000rpm for 10min after the reaction is finished, washing the obtained precipitate for three times by using deionized water, dispersing the product in water, dialyzing to be neutral by using a 8000-molecular-weight dialysis bag, and concentrating to the concentration of 2 wt% to be used as a phase C;
(4) the 50g C phase was taken, pH was adjusted to 6 with sulfuric acid solution, warmed to 60 ℃ and 0.5g of siloxane solution (1 wt%) was slowly added dropwise and reacted for 1 h. After the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction solution into a 100ml beaker, standing for 3 hours at normal temperature, freezing, and drying by a freeze dryer to obtain aerogel; and chlorinating for 2h by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washing the chloridized aerogel by using deionized water, freeze-drying again, and then placing the aerogel in a drying oven to be dried for 2h at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material. The aerogel was determined to have a chlorine content of 0.65%.
Example 2
An antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) adding 3g of nanocrystalline cellulose into 100g of deionized water solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a uniform suspension with the mass fraction of 3 wt%, wherein the uniform suspension is used as a phase A;
(2) dissolving 4.5g of melamine antibacterial agent precursor cyanuric chloride in 22.5ml of acetone to serve as a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the phase A to 9 by using a sodium carbonate solution at 0-5 ℃, slowly dropwise adding the phase B into the phase A, continuously stirring, reacting for 2 hours, centrifuging the obtained solution at 10000rpm for 10min after the reaction is finished, washing the obtained precipitate for three times by using deionized water, dispersing the product in water, dialyzing to be neutral by using a 8000-molecular-weight dialysis bag, and concentrating to the concentration of 4 wt% to be used as the phase C;
(4) the 50g C phase was taken, the pH was adjusted to 4 with hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ and 3.5g of siloxane solution (7 wt%) was slowly added dropwise and reacted for 2 h. After the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction solution into a 100ml beaker, standing for 6 hours at normal temperature, freezing, and drying by a freeze dryer to obtain aerogel; and chlorinating for 2h by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washing the chloridized aerogel by using deionized water, freeze-drying again, and then placing the aerogel in a drying oven to be dried for 2h at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material. The aerogel was determined to have a chlorine content of 0.32%. The scanning electron microscope image of the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel obtained in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and the prepared aerogel has a three-dimensional porous structure through the observation of the scanning electron microscope.
Example 3
An antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) adding 6g of nanocrystalline cellulose into 100g of deionized water solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a uniform suspension with the mass fraction of 6 wt%, wherein the uniform suspension is used as a phase A;
(2) dissolving 6g of melamine antibacterial agent precursor cyanuric chloride in 10ml of ethanol to be used as a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH of the phase A to 10 with sodium hydroxide solution at 0-5 deg.C, slowly adding the phase B dropwise into the phase A, stirring, and reacting for 3.5 h. After the reaction is finished, centrifuging the obtained solution at 10000rpm for 10min, washing the obtained precipitate with deionized water for three times, dispersing the product in water, dialyzing the product to be neutral by using a 8000 molecular weight dialysis bag, and concentrating the product until the concentration is 6 wt% to be used as a C phase;
(4) the 50g C phase was taken, adjusted to pH 3 with sulfuric acid solution, warmed to 90 ℃ and slowly added dropwise with 6.5g of siloxane solution (13 wt%) and reacted for 3.5 h. And after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction solution into a 100ml beaker, standing for 8 hours at normal temperature, freezing, and drying by a freeze dryer to obtain the aerogel. And chlorinating for 2h by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washing the chloridized aerogel by using deionized water, freeze-drying again, and then placing the aerogel in a drying oven to be dried for 2h at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material. The aerogel was determined to have a chlorine content of 0.21%.
Example 4
An antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material and a preparation method thereof comprise the following steps:
(1) adding 8g of nanocrystalline cellulose into 100g of deionized water solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a uniform suspension with the mass fraction of 8 wt%, wherein the uniform suspension is used as a phase A;
(2) dissolving 4g of melamine antibacterial agent precursor cyanuric chloride in 10ml of acetone to serve as a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the phase A to 11 by using sodium hydroxide solution at the temperature of 0-5 ℃, slowly dripping the phase B into the phase A, continuously stirring and reacting for 5 hours. After the reaction is finished, centrifuging the obtained solution at 10000rpm for 10min, washing the obtained precipitate with deionized water for three times, dispersing the product in water, dialyzing the product to be neutral by using a 8000 molecular weight dialysis bag, and concentrating the product until the concentration is 8 wt% to be used as a C phase;
(4) the 50g C phase was taken, the pH was adjusted to 2 with hydrochloric acid solution, the temperature was raised to 100 ℃ and 10g of siloxane solution (20 wt%) was slowly added dropwise and reacted for 5 h. And after the reaction is finished, pouring the reaction solution into a 100ml beaker, standing for 10 hours at normal temperature, freezing, and drying by a freeze dryer to obtain the aerogel. And chlorinating for 2h by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washing the chloridized aerogel by using deionized water, freeze-drying again, and then placing the aerogel in a drying oven to be dried for 2h at the temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material. The aerogel was determined to have a chlorine content of 0.13%.
Test example:
1. antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel oil absorption and desorption performance test
Aerogel samples (20 mm. times.20 mm. times.10 mm) were immersed in 10mL of an organic solvent, taken out after reaching absorption equilibrium, and weighed. To measure the reusability of the aerogels, the oil-absorbed samples were washed with toluene and dried at 45 ℃ and the oil absorption procedure was repeated. The absorption capacity is expressed in terms of adsorption capacity (Cm), which is defined as the mass of the absorption solvent (g) per unit mass of aerogel (g). All data were tested in triplicate and averaged.
As can be seen from the analysis of fig. 2, the aerogels prepared exhibit excellent oil absorption capacity due to the characteristics of high porosity, high surface area and ultra-low density. It was also found that the Cm value remained substantially constant at about 16g/g per oil absorption-desorption cycle and that the shape of the sample was not significantly changed. It can be concluded that aerogels have excellent oil absorption capacity and retain the intact original shape even after 10 cycles of oil absorption-desorption, which means that aerogels obtained by the test have the potential to be reused.
2. Antibacterial performance test of antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel
Test samples: prepared as described in example 2; control sample: prepared as described in example 2 but without chlorination. The above test and control samples were inoculated with staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli O157: h7, adding 25 μ L of the bacterial suspension into the center of two 2.54cm × 2.54cm samples, and contacting the samples and bacteria at 37 deg.C for 1min, 5min, 10min and 30min after fixation. After a specified time, the sterile sodium thiosulfate solution quenched to remove all the oxidation state chlorine, which had no effect on either bacterium in the control experiment, was serially diluted with 100 μ M phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.0, and 100 μ L of this quenched sample was placed in sterile medium and incubated at 37 ℃ for 24 h. The results of the antibacterial performance test of the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002015215170000061
Figure BDA0002015215170000071
Note:athe inoculation concentration is 7.67 × 105CFU/mL;bThe inoculation concentration is 1.53 × 106CFU/mL
The data in table 1 show that the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel prepared by the invention has excellent antibacterial performance and high antibacterial efficiency, and after the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel contacts with inoculated bacteria, the antibacterial rate of a test sample to staphylococcus aureus within 1min reaches 100%, and the antibacterial rate to escherichia coli within 5min also reaches 100%.
The raw materials and actual products involved in the above examples are commercially available products, and the industrial equipment used is conventional in the art.

Claims (9)

1. The antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material is characterized in that the preparation method of the composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) dispersing nanocrystalline cellulose in deionized water, and performing ultrasonic dispersion uniformly to obtain a phase A;
(2) dissolving cyanuric chloride in an organic solvent to prepare a phase B;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the phase A to be alkaline by using alkali liquor, then adjusting the temperature to be 0-5 ℃ and keeping the temperature constant, then slowly dripping the phase B into the phase A, reacting under the condition of mechanical stirring, continuously dripping the alkali liquor to keep the pH constant, preparing an antibacterial nano-crystal cellulose suspension after the reaction is finished, and then concentrating to prepare a phase C;
(4) adjusting the pH value of the C phase to be acidic by using an acid solution, adding a siloxane compound into the C phase for reaction, standing the reaction solution after the reaction is finished, and performing freeze drying and chlorination to prepare the antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel composite material; the antibacterial nanocrystalline cellulose has a structure shown in a general formula (1):
Figure FDA0002438323700000011
wherein X represents chlorine or bromine.
2. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the nanocrystalline cellulose in step (1) accounts for 1-8 wt% of the total mass of the deionized water.
3. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent in step (2) is ethanol or acetone; the volume/mass ratio of the organic solvent to the cyanuric chloride is 5: 1.
4. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the cyanuric chloride is present in an amount of 50-200 wt% based on the total mass of the nanocrystalline cellulose.
5. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the phase A in step (3) has a pH of 8-11 and a reaction time of 1-5 h.
6. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the solution obtained after the reaction in step (3) is centrifuged at 10000rpm for 10min, the obtained precipitate is dialyzed with deionized water until the pH is neutral, and the precipitate is concentrated to obtain a C phase with a concentration of 2-8 wt%.
7. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the reaction in step (4) is carried out at a temperature of 60-100 ℃, a pH of 2-6, and a reaction time of 1-5 h.
8. The composite material according to claim 1, wherein the siloxane compound is used in the step (4) in an amount of 1 to 20 wt% based on the total mass of the phase C.
9. The composite material of claim 1, wherein the composite material obtained in step (4) is allowed to stand for 3-10 hours after the reaction is completed, freeze-dried, chlorinated for 1 hour by using a 10 wt% sodium hypochlorite solution, thoroughly washed by using distilled water, freeze-dried, and dried in an oven at 45 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the required antibacterial oil-water separation nano aerogel.
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