CN109865386A - Particulate matter removing device and method based on acoustic agglomeration effect - Google Patents
Particulate matter removing device and method based on acoustic agglomeration effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN109865386A CN109865386A CN201910124828.0A CN201910124828A CN109865386A CN 109865386 A CN109865386 A CN 109865386A CN 201910124828 A CN201910124828 A CN 201910124828A CN 109865386 A CN109865386 A CN 109865386A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect, including sequentially connected sedimentation surge chamber, agglomeration device and deduster；Sedimentation surge chamber is equipped with water mist import and flue dust import and increases the humidity of ash-laden gas for the droplet of atomization to be sufficiently mixed with ash-laden gas；Agglomeration device includes reunion pipeline and the sound system positioned at reunion pipe end, the through-hole connecting with sedimentation surge chamber and deduster is respectively equipped on reunion pipeline, so that in reunion pipeline reuniting effect occurs for the ash-laden gas increased after humidity, the sedimentation so that particulate matter is reunited；The end of deduster is connected with blower, obstructs in deduster for the particulate matter after reuniting, clean gas is extracted out by blower.The present invention utilizes acoustic agglomeration effect, so that fine particle reunion is condensed into bulky grain, while being aided with atomized steam, improves agglomeration efficiency, so as to effectively be removed by conventional dust removal equipment to it.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fine particles to remove field, and in particular to a kind of particulate matter removing dress based on acoustic agglomeration effect
It sets and method.
Background technique
In recent years, China's atmosphere polluting problem is got worse, from 2010, report of each big city in the whole nation to haze problem
Road is commonplace.Severe atmospheric environment causes extreme influence to the production and living of people.In various air pollutants, carefully
Particulate matter (i.e. PM2.5 refers to particulate matter of the diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns in atmosphere) is widely regarded as major pollutants.
Fine particle partial size is small, is rich in a large amount of poisonous and harmful substances and atmospheric residence time length, conveying distance are remote, to environment
It endangers very big.
It is shown according to related data, about the fine particle of a quarter is discharged from industrial smoke.At present in industrial production
Electrostatic precipitator, cyclone separator for generally using etc., they are reachable in the removal efficiency of 10 μm or more of particulate matter to partial size
90%, it is undesirable in 10 μm of particulate matter removing effects below to partial size, although reducing dust concentration during processing,
It is very low to fine grain arresting efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is providing a kind of particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect and side
Method reaches the removing fine grain purpose of micron order.
A kind of technical solution taken by the invention to solve the above technical problem are as follows: particle based on acoustic agglomeration effect
Object removing means, it is characterised in that: it includes sequentially connected sedimentation surge chamber, agglomeration device and deduster；Wherein,
It settles surge chamber and is equipped with water mist import and flue dust import, the droplet and ash-laden gas for that will be atomized are sufficiently mixed
It closes, increases the humidity of ash-laden gas；
Agglomeration device includes reunion pipeline and the sound system positioned at reunion pipe end, be respectively equipped on reunion pipeline with
The through-hole that sedimentation surge chamber is connected with deduster, so that increase the ash-laden gas after humidity occurs effect of reuniting in reunion pipeline
It answers, the sedimentation so that particulate matter is reunited；
The end of deduster is connected with blower, obstructs the clean gas in deduster for the particulate matter after reuniting
It is extracted out by blower.
According to the above scheme, taper horn is equipped between the reunion pipeline and sound system.
According to the above scheme, the reunion pipeline section is circle, is additionally provided with pipe range roll-setting gear on reunion pipeline, is reunited
The length of pipeline determines as follows according to the time that the wind speed and reuniting effect of blower act on:
In formula, L is the length of reunion pipeline；Q is pipeline flue dust flow, is determined by the wind speed of blower；T is reuniting effect work
Use the time；R is the internal diameter of reunion pipeline.
According to the above scheme, the water mist import is connect with atomising device, and atomising device includes ceramic atomizing piece.
According to the above scheme, it further includes control system, and control system includes:
Module occurs for audio signal, for controlling the opening and closing of the sound system；
Sensor group, for obtaining particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity；
Executing agency, for adjusting the frequency of sound system, controlling the wind speed of spray amount and blower；
Controller controls audio signal and module and corresponding executing agency occurs for the data according to sensor group.
According to the above scheme, the control system further includes human-computer interaction interface, each ginseng for real-time displaying device
Number, and for control parameter is manually entered.
The particulate matter removing method realized using the particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect, feature
It is: the droplet of atomization is sufficiently mixed with ash-laden gas, increases the humidity of ash-laden gas；Ash-laden gas after increasing humidity
Reuniting effect occurs, the sedimentation so that particulate matter is reunited；Particulate matter after reunion obstructs in deduster, clean gas extraction.
According to the above method, this method specifically includes the following steps:
The concentration of S1, real-time detection PM2.5 and PM10 start this dress when the concentration of the two any one is more than threshold value
It sets；
S2, optimum frequency is calculated, the wind speed of the frequency of module, spray amount and blower occurs for control audio signal；
S3, particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity are obtained in real time, the frequency that module occurs to audio signal carries out
Adjustment.
The invention has the benefit that making fine particle reunion condense into bulky grain, while auxiliary using acoustic agglomeration effect
With atomized steam, agglomeration efficiency is improved, so as to effectively be removed by conventional dust removal equipment to it, and then it is micro- to reach removing
The fine grain purpose of meter level.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the overall structure diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial structure diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the concrete structure schematic diagram of Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the hardware block diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the method flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is PM2.5 concentration curve figure under different experimental conditions.
In figure: I- agglomeration device, II- blower, III- hush pipe, IV- deduster, V- settle surge chamber, 1- upper side frame, 2-
Side plate, 3- dust-removal cloth-bag, 4- pipe range roll-setting gear, 5- support column, 6- bottom plate, 7- water mist import, 8- flue dust import, 9- sedimentation
Room, 10- surge chamber, 11- support rib, 12- bottom bracing rib, 13- sonic generator, 14- taper horn, 15- reunion pipeline,
16- noise elimination diffusion chamber, the porous noise elimination fiber of 17-.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with specific example with reference to the accompanying drawing.
The present invention optimizes transformation to the existing dust-extraction unit of factory, proposes a kind of utilization acoustic agglomeration effect, makes
Fine particle reunion condenses into bulky grain, while being aided with atomized steam, agglomeration efficiency is improved, so as to pass through conventional dust removal equipment
It is effectively removed；2) it using acoustics analogue simulation and by experimental verification, proposes a kind of novel reunion cell structure, optimizes
Sound pressure level distribution, reduces system energy consumption；3) automatic adjusument reunion parameter makes device adapt to the flue gas of various concentration,
And to carrying out optimization processing.
Collectivity Scheme Design: ash-laden gas and atomization droplet are passed through after being sufficiently mixed in sedimentation surge chamber and enter reunion room
Pipeline adjusts frequency of source, sound pressure level by control cabinet, makes fine particle that reunion occur under high-strength sound wave effect and is condensed into greatly
Particle is obstructed by being captured when bag filter in cloth bag surface.Treated flue gas flows through hush pipe noise reduction heel row
Out.
Principle Analysis: sound wave is attributed to Agglomeration Mechanism in the same direction to fine grain reuniting effect.It is applied when to ash-laden gas
When adding sound field, under the action of sound wave oscillating movement occurs for gas medium.The particle of different-grain diameter due to its inertia difference, so
The amplitude of vibration is also different.In this way, bulky grain and little particle just produce relative motion, collides and reunite.
During acoustic agglomeration, with the increase of particulate matter humidity, liquid bridge will form between fluid molecule, at this time
The liquid bridge power order of magnitude is much larger than Van der Waals force, and since wetability of the droplet to particulate matter is preferable, drop is sprawled in surface particles
Biggish liquid bridge power effect is opened and had, particulate matter is promoted to reunite, and bigger reunion is formed by mutual build bridge of liquid bridge power
Volume.Therefore, joint acoustic agglomeration can significantly improve agglomeration efficiency by spraying.
To realize above-mentioned functional requirement, the present invention provides a kind of particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it includes sequentially connected sedimentation surge chamber V, agglomeration device I and deduster IV.
It settles surge chamber V and is equipped with water mist import 7 and flue dust import 8, the droplet and ash-laden gas for that will be atomized are abundant
Mixing, increases the humidity of ash-laden gas.The water mist import 7 is connect with atomising device, and atomising device includes ceramic atomizing piece.
Atomising device generates atomization droplet and is passed through in expansion chamber 9, fill with ash-laden gas in surge chamber 10 using ceramic atomizing piece as core
Divide mixing, increases the humidity of flue gas.To be reunited according to humidification theoretical, the surface contact performance of soot dust granule and droplet, which passes through, to be improved,
Agglomeration efficiency can be significantly improved.
Atomizing piece is made of piezoelectric ceramic piece and metal film, and metallic membrane is welded on the edge of piezoelectric ceramic piece.
Have a micropore area in metal center membrane, surrounding can there are certain marginal zone and the area another side Yin Yin of piezoelectric ceramic piece to
The thickness direction of piezoelectric ceramic piece extends, and also can have stronger with potsherd welding in metal film there are side.It can be effective
Avoid atomized liquid deposit after touch print silver electrode and lead to short circuit, and can be used to purify air.
Agglomeration device I includes reunion pipeline 15 and the sound system positioned at 15 end of reunion pipeline, i.e. sonic generator 13,
The through-hole connecting with sedimentation surge chamber V and deduster IV is respectively equipped on reunion pipeline 15, so that increasing the dust constaining after humidity
In reunion pipeline 15 reuniting effect occurs for gas, the sedimentation so that particulate matter is reunited.
Sound system: using KTD-250 alert speaker as sonic generator, rated input power 250W, work
Working frequency range is 180~7000Hz.By formula: SPL=10log (W)+L0Know the enhancing with sound pressure level, it is consumed
Power exponentially formula increases.The present invention devises a kind of novel reunion cell structure thus, is allowed under equal-wattage, generates more
High-intensitive sound field.
Reunion pipeline: the core of agglomeration device is the main place occurred of reuniting.Pass through Multiphysics
Coupling emulates sound-filed simulation in reunion pipeline, optimization pipe parameter design, soft using multiple physical field coupling analysis
Plain wave emissions are arranged in part COMSOL, solve Helmholtz equation.To the pipe range of pipeline, internal diameter, three structural parameters of wall thickness into
The structural parameters of pipeline are obtained after row comparative analysis are as follows:
Further, taper horn 14 is equipped between the reunion pipeline 15 and sound system.
In the present embodiment, 15 section of reunion pipeline is circle, is additionally provided with pipe range roll-setting gear on reunion pipeline 15
4, the length of reunion pipeline 15 determines as follows according to the time that the wind speed and reuniting effect of blower II act on:
In formula, L is the length of reunion pipeline 15；Q is pipeline flue dust flow, is determined by the wind speed of blower II；T is effect of reuniting
Answer action time；R is the internal diameter of reunion pipeline 15.
In the present embodiment, acoustic agglomeration acts on the optimum time as 4s.Select fan delivery 170m3/ h, then pipeline overall length
Degree:
Pipe range roll-setting gear 4 adjusts duct length using pipe screw thread and screw-internal thread fit, forms enhanced stationary field, can have
Effect reduces energy consumption.When frequency of sound wave variation, wavelength accordingly changes, and the overlaying state of sound wave occurs in reunion pipeline at this time
Variation adjusts duct length and guarantees that the superposition of two sound source sound waves is functional.
The end of deduster IV is connected with blower II, obstructs in deduster IV for the particulate matter after reuniting, completely
Gas extracted out by blower II.The factors such as temperature, humidity in view of gas, the dust-removal cloth-bag 3 that selection waterproof refuses oil, which is used as, to be removed
Dirt device IV, is not easy to plug, long service life.
The present apparatus further includes control system, as shown in figure 4, control system includes that module occurs for audio signal, for controlling
The opening and closing of the sound system；Sensor group, for obtaining particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity；Executing agency,
For adjusting the frequency of sound system, controlling the wind speed of spray amount and blower；Controller, for the data according to sensor group,
It controls audio signal and module and corresponding executing agency occurs.
Preferably, the control system further includes human-computer interaction interface, for the parameters of real-time displaying device, with
And for control parameter is manually entered.
In the present embodiment, control system is using STM32F103 single-chip microcontroller as core.Audio signal occurs module and uses DDS number
Word frequency synthetic technology and D class power amplifier generate loudspeaker drive signal, and the frequency conversion and amplitude modulation of signal are realized by potentiometer；Parameter
Intelligent control module detects PM2.5, PM10 concentration distribution by particulate matter sensors, and negative-feedback regu- lation frequency, spray amount are realized
The automatic adjusument of reunion parameter reaches best agglomerating effect；Human-computer interaction module can realize operating mode switching, working condition
It is arranged and the function of the display of relevant parameter, to simplify user's operation.
Audio signal occurs module and is made of single-chip microcontroller DAC module, digital power amplifier etc..Believed using DAC simulation output sine
Number have frequency and the adjustable advantage of amplitude, by voltage follower, low-pass filter, digital power amplifier processing after, formed it is specific
The AC signal of frequency, amplitude about 40V or so, can drive the speaker work.
Control parameter includes frequency, sound pressure level, atomization quantity, respectively by single-chip microcontroller, Temperature Humidity Sensor, power-sensing circuit
It obtains；And flue gas concentration, particle diameter distribution are the parameters for needing to change according to the actual situation, can be obtained by particulate matter sensors.
Inspection information is it is found that higher agglomeration efficiency needs biggish sound pressure level, but mistake sound pressure level will lead to energy consumption and become larger.By
Many experiments, the 148dB sound pressure level for selecting loudspeaker to generate when rated power works have universality for different flue gases；Mist
Change amount chooses 500mL/h, it is ensured that while being obviously improved agglomerating effect, will not result in waste of resources.It is negative anti-by closed loop
Algorithm is presented, frequency can be quickly adjusted in 20s to desired value.
Human-computer interaction module is made of display screen, adjusting knob and mode selection switch, before display screen de-agglomerated
Particle concentration changing value and change curve afterwards, the control handles such as the manually adjustable frequency of user, sound pressure level, spray amount, make
Switch manually or automatically operating mode with mode selection switch, realizes human-computer interaction function.
In the present embodiment, the present apparatus is arranged by upper side frame 1, side plate 2, support column 5, bottom plate 6, support rib 11, bottom bracing
On the frame body that rib 12 is constituted.In addition, being additionally provided with hush pipe III between deduster IV and blower II, hush pipe III includes disappearing
Sound diffusion chamber and porous noise elimination fiber 17.
The particulate matter removing method realized using the particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect, will be atomized
Droplet be sufficiently mixed with ash-laden gas, increase the humidity of ash-laden gas；Effect of reuniting occurs for the ash-laden gas after increasing humidity
It answers, the sedimentation so that particulate matter is reunited；Particulate matter after reunion obstructs in deduster, clean gas extraction.
As shown in figure 5, this method specifically includes the following steps:
The concentration of S1, real-time detection PM2.5 and PM10 start this dress when the concentration of the two any one is more than threshold value
It sets；
S2, optimum frequency is calculated, the wind speed of the frequency of module, spray amount and blower occurs for control audio signal；
S3, particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity are obtained in real time, the frequency that module occurs to audio signal carries out
Adjustment.
For the agglomerating effect for verifying device, We conducted comparative experimentss.During the experiment, it is contemplated that the limit of condition
System, needs to simplify condition.Experimental program is as shown in the table:
1 experimental program of table
Data processing is carried out with Matlab after experiment and to draw PM2.5 concentration changes with time curve graph as shown in Figure 6.
Due to the limitation of experiment condition, qualitative analysis is only done to above-mentioned data:
1. plus sound wave or when nebulization, interior PM2.5 particle of reuniting the case where there are natural subsidences, but it is bent to observe its
Decrease speed known to line is slow, and about 600 μ g/m are reduced in 10s3；
2. observing curvilinear motion, concentration decline is obvious, about 4500 μ g/m of fall after sound wave effect3；
3. combining on the basis of sound wave effect spraying, observe curvilinear motion, in the initial stage, concentration be higher than it is preceding twice
Test, the water mist diameter that the ultrasonic ultrasonic delay line memory by consulting related data discovery this project use generates is under 10 μm, therefore
Cause the erroneous judgement of PM2.5 sensor.But its general trend is still decline, and experiment has significantly fall twice earlier above
Increase, reduces about 12000 μ g/m3。
Pass through above-mentioned experiment, it was demonstrated that sound wave combined spraying agglomeration to the removal of PM2.5 particle has good effect.
According to experiment, under suitable conditions, sound wave can make 2.5 concentration of PM reduce by 70% or more in a few seconds, if connection
It closes by spraying, which is pre-processed applied to industrial smoke, then can make conventional dust removal device to the removal efficiency of PM 2.5 by 70%
Left and right is increased to about 97%.
The U-shaped reunion pipeline of present apparatus design, nearly 37% energy consumption can be saved using the superposition performance of sound wave；Meanwhile with
The bag filter that existing factory generally uses is compared, and can reduce by 90% PM2.5 discharge amount.
Above embodiments are merely to illustrate design philosophy and feature of the invention, and its object is to make technology in the art
Personnel can understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments.So it is all according to
It is within the scope of the present invention according to equivalent variations made by disclosed principle, mentality of designing or modification.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of particulate matter removing device based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: it includes that sequentially connected sedimentation is slow
Rush room, agglomeration device and deduster；Wherein,
It settles surge chamber and is equipped with water mist import and flue dust import, for the droplet of atomization to be sufficiently mixed with ash-laden gas, increase
The humidity of big ash-laden gas；
Agglomeration device includes reunion pipeline and the sound system positioned at reunion pipe end, is respectively equipped with and settles on reunion pipeline
The through-hole that surge chamber is connected with deduster makes so that in reunion pipeline reuniting effect occurs for the ash-laden gas increased after humidity
Obtain particulate matter reunion sedimentation；
The end of deduster is connected with blower, obstructs in deduster for the particulate matter after reuniting, clean gas is by wind
Machine extraction.
2. the particulate matter removing device according to claim 1 based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: the group
Taper horn is equipped between poly- pipeline and sound system.
3. the particulate matter removing device according to claim 1 based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: the group
Poly- pipeline section is circle, is additionally provided with pipe range roll-setting gear on reunion pipeline, the length of reunion pipeline according to the wind speed of blower and
The time of reuniting effect effect determines as follows:
In formula, L is the length of reunion pipeline；Q is pipeline flue dust flow, is determined by the wind speed of blower；When t is that reuniting effect acts on
Between；R is the internal diameter of reunion pipeline.
4. the particulate matter removing device according to claim 1 based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: the water
Mist import is connect with atomising device, and atomising device includes ceramic atomizing piece.
5. the particulate matter removing device according to claim 1 or 4 based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: it is also
Including control system, control system includes:
Module occurs for audio signal, for controlling the opening and closing of the sound system；
Sensor group, for obtaining particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity；
Executing agency, for adjusting the frequency of sound system, controlling the wind speed of spray amount and blower；
Controller controls audio signal and module and corresponding executing agency occurs for the data according to sensor group.
6. the particulate matter removing device according to claim 5 based on acoustic agglomeration effect, it is characterised in that: the control
System processed further includes human-computer interaction interface, for the parameters of real-time displaying device, and for control parameter is manually entered.
7. the particulate matter removing side realized using the particulate matter removing device described in claim 1 based on acoustic agglomeration effect
Method, it is characterised in that: the droplet of atomization is sufficiently mixed with ash-laden gas, increases the humidity of ash-laden gas；After increasing humidity
Ash-laden gas occur reuniting effect so that particulate matter reunite sedimentation；Particulate matter after reunion obstructs in deduster, clean
Gas extraction.
8. particulate matter removing method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that: this method specifically includes the following steps:
The concentration of S1, real-time detection PM2.5 and PM10 start the present apparatus when the concentration of the two any one is more than threshold value；
S2, optimum frequency is calculated, the wind speed of the frequency of module, spray amount and blower occurs for control audio signal；
S3, particle concentration, sound pressure level, frequency, temperature and humidity are obtained in real time, the frequency that module occurs to audio signal is adjusted
It is whole.
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| CN109908687A (en) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-06-21 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of PM2.5 removing means based on acoustic agglomeration effect |
| CN111195469A (en) * | 2020-02-17 | 2020-05-26 | 南京林业大学 | Dust removal method based on agglomeration, electrostatic and ultrasonic atomization technology |
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