CN109862686B - Ion-ion beam combining device - Google Patents
Ion-ion beam combining device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109862686B CN109862686B CN201910108790.8A CN201910108790A CN109862686B CN 109862686 B CN109862686 B CN 109862686B CN 201910108790 A CN201910108790 A CN 201910108790A CN 109862686 B CN109862686 B CN 109862686B
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Abstract
The invention provides an ion-ion beam combining device, which comprises a magnet system, a high-frequency system, a vacuum system and an injection system and is characterized by further comprising a single storage ring, wherein the single storage ring is arranged in an 8 shape. The ion-ion beam combining device adopts the 8-shaped storage ring, utilizes the mutual collision of the same beam of ions, can greatly reduce the production cost, and eliminates the background noise because the ions in the ring are completely naked and the interference of extra-nuclear electrons is avoided in the collision process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of ion collision, in particular to an 8-shaped ion-ion beam combining device.
Background
Atomic physicists always want to know the shell structure of the overweight atomic nucleus extremely, quantum electrodynamics predicts that the extremely strong coulomb field excited by the overweight nuclear (Z is more than 173) can excite to generate positive and negative electron pairs. However, the half-life of the very heavy nucleus is very shortIt does not exist in nature, but relies only on nuclear collisions to bring nuclei close to a very small distance (for nuclear collisions)238U+238U, this distance needs to be less than 30fm) to get a super-heavy nucleus. Related fixed target scattering experiments have been performed in the laboratory in an attempt to find the vacuum electron pair emission phenomenon, but none have been successful. The reasons are two reasons: (1) the scattering experiments adopt a collision mode of partially stripped ions and fixed targets, shell layer electrons are arranged around generated overweight nuclei, and the generation of vacuum electron pairs is hindered by the Pauli blocking effect; (2) the resonant 1s σ state cannot reach deep into the negative continuum-state energy region due to shielding by the orbital electrons.
The method for generating the overweight core by using the collider is a new idea, and at present, two basic schemes exist internationally: 1. the MUSES project proposed by RIKEN of Japan is a low-energy collider, different ions are respectively stored in two rings, and the collision energy just overcomes the coulomb barrier by utilizing small-angle collision to realize nuclear fusion to obtain a new nuclide or an ultra-heavy nucleus. Finally the project is not implemented due to capital issues. A chase collision (co-moving) scheme proposed by i.meshcov, which uses one large and one small storage rings, in which ions with high and low energies are stored, respectively, the two rings have a common straight line segment, ions with high speed chase collision at the straight line segment ions with low speed, requires a super strong solenoid field, and cannot be achieved by the current superconducting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome at least one aspect of the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide an ion-ion beam combining apparatus, which includes only a single storage ring, wherein the same beam of ions stored in the single storage ring collide with each other, the collision energy can be freely adjusted within a range of 5 to 10MeV/u, and the brightness can reach 4 × 1026cm-2s-1The method provides an excellent platform with zero background, high brightness and free adjustment of collision energy for the research of the superheavy nuclear experiment.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ion-ion beam combining apparatus including a magnet system, a high frequency system, a vacuum system, and an implantation system, characterized by further comprising: and the single storage ring is arranged in an 8 shape.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combining apparatus of the present invention, the ion-ion beam combining apparatus further comprises a cooling system, and the number of the cooling system and the number of the implantation system correspond to the number of the storage rings.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combiner apparatus of the present disclosure, the cooling system includes an electronic cooling assembly and a random cooling assembly, the electronic cooling assembly and the random cooling assembly being disposed on the storage ring.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combining apparatus of the present invention, the ion-ion beam combining apparatus comprises a single implantation system that implants the ion beam into the storage ring.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combining apparatus of the present invention, the ions collide at the intersection of the figure-8 storage rings.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combining apparatus of the present invention, the ion-ion beam combining apparatus further comprises a convex rail magnet disposed around the intersection for adjusting a collision angle of the ions.
According to some embodiments of the ion-ion beam combiner of the present invention, the collision angle is between 0.1 ° and 10 °.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least one of the following advantages:
(1) the conventional ion-ion beam combining device adopts two beams of ions to collide with each other, and the same beam of ions are utilized to collide with each other;
(2) by adopting the 8-shaped structure, the injection system, the cooling system, the high-frequency system and the like can be shared, so that the cost of the collider is reduced;
(3) because collision does not have the interference of extra-nuclear electrons, the invention eliminates the background noise of the overweight nuclear experiment;
(4) and small-angle collision is adopted, beam separation is simplified, collision beam energy is improved, and the influence of space charge effect and dynamic vacuum effect is reduced.
Drawings
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention which refers to the accompanying drawings, and may assist in a comprehensive understanding of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ion-ion beam combiner according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The invention provides an 8-shaped ion-ion beam combining device 10, wherein the ion-ion beam combining device 10 only comprises a storage ring, stored ions of the same beam collide with each other, the collision energy can be freely adjusted within the range of 5-10 MeV/u, and the brightness can reach 4 multiplied by 1026cm-2s-1The method provides an excellent platform with zero background, high brightness and free adjustment of collision energy for the research of the superheavy nuclear experiment.
The embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an 8-shaped ion-ion beam combiner 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the ion-ion beam combining apparatus 10 includes a magnet system 12, a high frequency system 14, a vacuum system (not shown), and an implantation system 16, wherein the magnet system 12 includes a two-pole iron 122, a four-pole iron 124, and a six-pole iron 126 for providing a magnetic field to the ion beam, and the ion beam can be accelerated by the cooperation of the two-pole iron 122, the four-pole iron 124, and the six-pole iron 126; the high frequency system 14 includes a high frequency cavity that can further accelerate ions to higher energies; the vacuum system comprises a vacuum chamber connected with the elements and is used for preventing external ions from interfering with ions in the storage ring; the implantation systems 16 are used to implant a beam of ions into the storage rings, the number of implantation systems 16 corresponding to the number of storage rings, typically one storage ring corresponding to one implantation system. The ion-ion beam combiner 10 according to the present invention further includes a single storage ring arranged in a figure 8 configuration. The single annular storage ring is divided into two parts, the two parts are rotated 180 degrees relatively, then the middle cross parts are communicated, and the 8-shaped storage ring can be obtained, wherein the position of the middle cross point 22 is the collision point.
And bundling the desired ions, e.g.238U92+And the required beam intensity is achieved through multiple injection and accumulation. Accumulation refers to the accumulation of pulsed ion packets accelerated at different times by a high energy accelerator in the annular vacuum chamber (i.e., the storage ring) of the collider. Typically two to five ion bunches need to be accumulated to achieve the desired intensity for collision. The synchrotron adopts a longitudinal stacking method, such as a Bucket to Bucket method or a Barrier Bucket method, although the longitudinal stacking cannot increase the phase space density, the longitudinal phase space can be more fully utilized to receive a plurality of clusters of beam current, and a strong ion beam current can be accumulated by utilizing the characteristic. After accumulation, the collider can further accelerate the high-energy ions injected into the collider to higher energy, the action of the collider is the same as that of a common synchrotron, the energy of the ions is supplied by a high-frequency cavity arranged on a circular ring, the magnetic field of the collider gradually rises in the whole acceleration process, and the frequency of the high-frequency cavity is also strictly controlled to be the same as or integral multiple of the cyclotron frequency of the accelerated ions, so that the ions are continuously accelerated to higher energy. When the ions are accelerated to a predetermined energy, the magnetic field of the collider is maintained at a corresponding constant value. The high-frequency chamber can be arranged at a suitable location on the storage ring.
The ion beam current to achieve the desired beam current intensity also needs to be dispersed into a direct current beam before colliding. In an energy band of several hundred MeV/u, the limitation of the flow strength is mainly due to space charge effects. The space charge effect is determined by the charge density, the beam cluster is longitudinally Gaussian-distributed, the beam current at the beam core position reaches the space charge effect charge density limit at the earliest time, and the beam current density outside the beam core is gradually reduced. The differential brightness of the impact is proportional to the local charge density, so the differential brightness outside the beam kernel gradually decreases. And with the direct current beam, the beam current density is unchanged along the longitudinal direction, so the differential brightness is consistent with the beam core, and the total brightness is improved. "lightness" means the reaction rate of the interaction occurring in the collider divided by the reaction cross section of the interaction, and it is clear that the higher the lightness, the better the performance of the collider.
After entering the collision zone near the 8-shaped intersection 22, the size of hundreds of microns is obtained at the collision point through transverse focusing, and the collision is carried out with the crossed beam.
The 8-shaped ion-ion beam combining device 10 further includes a convex rail magnet disposed around the position of the intersection 22 for adjusting the collision angle of the ions. The collision angle may be 0.1-10 deg., which may result in collision energy equal to the coulomb barrier. The coulomb barrier refers to an electrostatic energy barrier which is required to be overcome when two atomic nuclei are close to each other to perform nuclear fusion, that is, the resistance which is required to be overcome when two atomic nuclei are close to each other to perform nuclear fusion.
The two heavy nuclei fuse or are sufficiently small in distance to obtain a superheavy nucleus. According to quantum electrodynamics prediction, a vacuum electron pair effect can be induced by an ultra-strong electric field near a super-heavy nucleus, and quantum electrodynamics is directly verified by detecting positrons and obtaining a heavy nucleus of an electron.
The type 8 ion-ion beam combiner 10 also includes cooling systems, again corresponding in number to the number of storage rings, typically one storage ring for each cooling system. The cooling system includes an electronic cooling module 18 and a random cooling module 20, and in this embodiment, the electronic cooling module 18 and the random cooling module 20 are respectively disposed on two half rings of a 8-shaped storage ring, and for the convenience of description, the half ring close to the injection system is referred to as a first half ring, and the half ring far from the injection system is referred to as a second half ring. In other embodiments, the electronic cooling module 18 and the stochastic cooling module 20 may be disposed on the same half ring.
"cooling" means damping thermal motion of some heavy ion cyclotron beam current (e.g., ions, counterions, etc.) in the storage ring, which refers to lateral free oscillation and longitudinal momentum dispersion.
Electron cooling "cools" an ion beam by coulomb action using an electron beam that has a small energy spread and moves parallel to the ion beam. This corresponds to the thermal relaxation process of two fully ionized plasmas with different starting temperatures, which corresponds to the gradual transfer of heat. When the average speed of the electrons is approximately equal to the average speed of the ions, for example, the thermal motion temperature of the ions is high, and the thermal motion temperature of the electrons is low, the ions gradually transfer thermal motion energy to the electrons, so that the energy is equally divided, and the temperatures of the electrons and the electrons are equal. From theoretical analysis, it is known that for rapid cooling, electron cooling should be performed with a small ion energy. The specific device is that in one section of the storage ring, the ion beam and the electron beam are mixed and move together for a certain distance.
When the ion or counter ion beam moves around the closed orbit of the storage ring, the beam current is cut at any time, and the cross section has a transverse density distribution. If the induction electrode is used to extract the signal of the position of the mass center of the transverse distribution, and the signal is amplified and then is added to the impact electrode positioned at the downstream to generate a correction acting force, and the amplitude of the transverse oscillation of the ions can be reduced after a plurality of corrections. Similarly, if the signal of longitudinal density distribution is extracted by using the induction electrode, the signal is amplified and then applied to the gap of a resonant cavity to generate acceleration or deceleration action to replace the transverse correction force, and the energy divergence of the ion beam can be improved through repeated action. From theoretical analysis, it is known that random cooling is more suitable for the case where the number of ions to be cooled is not so large as to obtain rapid cooling, while the performance of the electron system is limited.
In the present embodiment, the random cooling module 18 is disposed on the first half ring and the electronic cooling module 20 is disposed on the second half ring, but this is not a limitation on the positions of the random cooling module 18 and the electronic cooling module 20, and in other embodiments, the electronic cooling module 20 may be disposed on the first half ring and the random cooling module 18 may be disposed on the second half ring.
The invention designs a synchrotron into 8-shaped, and sets collision points at the intersection. Compared with the prior scheme, the scheme has the following advantages: 1. the conventional collider adopts two beams of ions to collide, and the invention utilizes the same beam of ions to collide with each other; 2. the existing collision machine type ion-ion beam combination research device is generally designed into a double ring, each ring needs an independent injection line, an injection system, a high-frequency system and a beam cooling system, and the manufacturing cost is high, but the 8-shaped single ring collision machine only has one beam cluster, and the elements can be shared, so that the manufacturing cost of the collision machine is greatly reduced; 3. because the collision process has no interference of extra-nuclear electrons, the invention eliminates the background noise of the overweight nuclear experiment; 4. the small-angle collision is adopted, beam separation is simplified, collision beam energy is improved, and the influence of space charge effect and dynamic vacuum effect is reduced; 5. and the brightness of the collider is improved by adopting the direct current beams.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An ion-ion beam combiner comprising a magnet system, a high frequency system, a vacuum system, and an implantation system, wherein the ion-ion beam combiner further comprises:
a single storage ring arranged in a figure 8; the ions collide at the intersection of the storage rings;
wherein the ion-ion beam combining device further comprises a cooling system, and the number of the cooling system and the number of the injection system correspond to the number of the storage rings.
2. The ion-ion beam combiner of claim 1, wherein the cooling system comprises an electronic cooling assembly and a random cooling assembly disposed on the storage ring.
3. The ion-ion beam combining apparatus of claim 1, comprising a single implantation system that implants the ion beam into the storage ring.
4. The ion-ion beam combiner of claim 1, further comprising a convex rail magnet disposed around the intersection for adjusting the collision angle of the ions.
5. The ion-ion beam combiner of claim 4, wherein the collision angle is 0.1 ° -10 °.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US4246067A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1981-01-20 | Linlor William I | Thermonuclear fusion system |
| RU2187219C2 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2002-08-10 | Гладков Борис Дмитриевич | Method of acceleration on counter-propagating beams and device based on method |
| JP4051318B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2008-02-20 | 株式会社東芝 | Electron beam cooling device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20080205573A1 (en) * | 2007-02-24 | 2008-08-28 | Larson Delbert J | Cellular, Electron Cooled Storage Ring System and Method for Fusion Power Generation |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4246067A (en) * | 1978-08-30 | 1981-01-20 | Linlor William I | Thermonuclear fusion system |
| RU2187219C2 (en) * | 2000-08-17 | 2002-08-10 | Гладков Борис Дмитриевич | Method of acceleration on counter-propagating beams and device based on method |
| JP4051318B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2008-02-20 | 株式会社東芝 | Electron beam cooling device |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 重离子冷却储存环中激光冷却的动力学研究;李小妮;《中国博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅱ辑》;20171215;1.1，1.2节 * |
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