CN109861910A - A kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability - Google Patents
A kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109861910A CN109861910A CN201910181109.2A CN201910181109A CN109861910A CN 109861910 A CN109861910 A CN 109861910A CN 201910181109 A CN201910181109 A CN 201910181109A CN 109861910 A CN109861910 A CN 109861910A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- link
- different degree
- business
- telecom network
- website
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability, first link availability in calculating power telecom network；Then according to the business different degree of power business, vocational work routing and link availability, the working service different degree of each link carrying is calculated；According to the business different degree, business alternate routing and link availability of power business, the standby traffic different degree of each link carrying is calculated；Power telecom network link different degree is finally calculated according to the working service different degree of link carrying and standby traffic different degree.The present invention overcomes the problems that power telecom network link different degree in conventional method calculates inaccuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of power communication, especially a kind of power telecom network link different degree based on link availability
Calculation method.
Background technique
With economic continuous development and the further investigation of information technology, electric system is increasingly dependent on information communication
System ensures that it reliably and securely runs.Supporting network of the power telecom network as information communication system, reliability consideration
It has been placed in a very important position.
Traditional reliability of electric force communication network analysis is mostly based on topological structure, seldom considers classification and the spy of power business
Sign.The normal transmission of power business is the necessary condition of power grid and communication network safe and stable operation.Video monitoring, video council
It is smaller that the business administrations class power business such as view, administration telephone interrupts the influence operated normally to power grid.On the contrary, relay protection,
The productions such as wide area vector measurement, stable system control class power business interrupts the information that may cause power grid acquisition or dispatch and loses
It loses, causes more massive influence.When topology information cannot accurately describe the extent of damage of network service, traditional network
Fail-safe analysis just loses meaning.
The Traditional calculating methods of power telecom network link different degree are divided into two kinds, and one is pass through link in network topology
Position calculate link different degree, another business different degree carried by link quantifies the importance of link.From link
The link different degree that is calculated of topology location be usually calculated by side betweenness, by calculating between any two node pair
Shortest path obtain the side betweenness of the link by the number of a link.However net is assumed in the calculating process of side betweenness
There is business transmission in network between any two node pair, and do not meet power telecom network actual conditions, therefore from network topology
In position obtain link different degree cannot accurately reflect the case where link failure causes power business to lose.It is held from link
When importance of the business different degree of load to quantify link, the main road of power business is only accounted for by and having ignored power business
Alternate routing.When certain link failure, the business of link carrying will switch to alternate routing, increase in alternate routing
The different degree of link, therefore only by obtaining link different degree be inaccurate from business main road.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to propose to based on a kind of power telecom network link different degree by link availability
Calculation method overcomes the problem that power telecom network link different degree in conventional method calculates inaccuracy.
The present invention is realized using following scheme: a kind of power telecom network link different degree calculating side based on link availability
Method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step S1: link availability in power telecom network is calculated；
Step S2: according to the business different degree of power business, vocational work routing and link availability, each link is calculated
The working service different degree of carrying；
Step S3: according to the business different degree, business alternate routing and link availability of power business, each link is calculated
The standby traffic different degree of carrying；
Step S4: power telecom network link is calculated according to the working service different degree of link carrying and standby traffic different degree
Different degree.
Further, link p availability is calculated using following formula in the power telecom network in step S1:
In formula, A indicates power telecom network link unit length availability；ei,jIndicate connection power telecom network in website i with
The link of website j, with ej,iIndicate identical link；D(ei,j) indicate link ei,jLength.
Further, step S2 is specifically, calculate the working service different degree RI of link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, N is the sum of website in power telecom network；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；
ei,jIndicate the link of website i and website j in connection power telecom network；Rm (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates website and is
The kth class business main road of d by；Φs,d,k(ei,j) indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, terminates that website is d
K class business main road is in；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I (k) is indicated
The business different degree of kth class type of service；P (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the kth class business main road that website is d
By availability.
Further, step S3 is specifically, calculate the standby traffic different degree of each link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, Rs (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the alternate routing for the kth class business that website is d；Ψs,d,k
(ei,j) indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, is terminated in the kth class business alternate routing that website is d；N is electricity
The sum of website in power communication network；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；ei,jIndicate connection power communication
The link of website i and website j in net；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I
(k) the business different degree of kth class type of service is indicated；P (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the kth class industry that website is d
Be engaged in main road by availability.
Further, step S4 is specifically, calculate power telecom network link different degree C (e using following formulai,j):
Wherein,
CI(ei,j)=RI (ei,j)+SI(ei,j)；
In formula, CI (ei,j) indicate link ei,jSynthesis different degree, RI (ei,j) it is link ei,jThe working service weight of carrying
It spends, SI (ei,j) it is link ei,jThe standby traffic different degree of carrying.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention is calculated in power telecom network link different degree
In consider the probability that link works normally, i.e. link availability first.Based on link availability and each vocational work routing warp
The link crossed can calculate the probability that each business works normally, and then determine the working service different degree of link carrying.Electric power industry
The main road of business will switch to alternate routing by occurring to interrupt, and increase the alternate routing different degree of link.Simultaneously when link carrying
When alternate routing is more or Work route normal working probability is lower, the alternate routing of business will improve the importance of link.
Therefore according to link availability, the probability of vocational work route break is calculated, and then the standby traffic for obtaining link carrying is important
Degree.The finally work and standby traffic different degree of fusion link carrying, obtains power telecom network link different degree.Through the invention
Method, in conjunction with the main standby route and link availability of power business, the business different degree for reasonably calculating link carrying is
Quantify power telecom network Link Significance, overcomes power telecom network link different degree in conventional method and calculate asking for inaccuracy
Topic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the method flow schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the topologies schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
It is noted that described further below be all exemplary, it is intended to provide further instruction to the application.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with the application person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the application.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
The present embodiment use in document " the power telecom network Vulnerability Assessment based on comentropy " network parameter as
The embodiment of the present invention.By the delineation of activities run in power telecom network be five classes, five class business different degree vector I=[0.98,
0.83,0.55,0.33,0.15] and the corresponding specific discharge vector F=[0.03,0.08,0.02,0.52,0.14] of business.
Fig. 2 show Guangdong Electric Power communications backbone network, includes 14 nodes and 16 links, and link weight is real between each website
Border distance.The active and standby routing of business transmission is calculated using K- shortest path.Service distribution is as shown in table 1 in network.
Service distribution in 1 network of table
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiments providing a kind of power telecom network link different degree calculating based on link availability
Method, specifically includes the following steps:
Step S1: link availability in power telecom network is calculated；
Step S2: according to the business different degree of power business, vocational work routing and link availability, each link is calculated
The working service different degree of carrying；
Step S3: according to the business different degree, business alternate routing and link availability of power business, each link is calculated
The standby traffic different degree of carrying；
Step S4: power telecom network link is calculated according to the working service different degree of link carrying and standby traffic different degree
Different degree.
Preferably, being obtained non-directed graph WG=(V, E, C) according to network parameter, set of sites V={ v1,v2,v3,...,vN, chain
Road collection E={ e1,e2,e3,...,em, traffic matrix C, the main route matrix Rm of business, business alternate routing matrix Rs.
The availability of unit length link is related with mean down time and mean repair time, existing compared with multi-method at present
Calculate the availability of unit length link in power telecom network.According to the document " power telecom network of load and risk joint equalization
Routing Optimization Algorithm ", the availability of every kilometer of link is 99.84%.
In the present embodiment, link p availability is calculated using following formula in the power telecom network in step S1:
In formula, A expression power telecom network link unit length availability, i.e., 99.84%；ei,jIndicate connection power communication
The link of website i and website j in net, with ej,iIndicate identical link；D(ei,j) indicate link ei,jLength.It calculates to obtain
The availability of each link in the present embodiment network, as shown in table 2.
2 link availability of table
In the present embodiment, step S2 is specifically, calculate the working service different degree RI of link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, N is the sum of website in power telecom network；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；
ei,jIndicate the link of website i and website j in connection power telecom network；Rm (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates website and is
The kth class business main road of d by；Φs,d,k(ei,j) indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, terminates that website is d
K class business main road is in；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I (k) is indicated
The business different degree of kth class type of service；P (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the kth class business main road that website is d
By availability.
When whole links that the Work route of business includes all are to work normally, business could normal transmission.Therefore originally
Link availability is considered when calculating antenna efficiency business different degree in embodiment, the business weight carried with Work route uplink
The expectation to be spent is as antenna efficiency business different degree.The antenna efficiency business different degree result being calculated according to above-mentioned formula
As shown in table 3.
3 antenna efficiency business different degree of table
In the present embodiment, step S3 is specifically, calculate the standby traffic different degree of each link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, Rs (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the alternate routing for the kth class business that website is d；Ψs,d,k
(ei,j) indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, is terminated in the kth class business alternate routing that website is d；N is electricity
The sum of website in power communication network；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；ei,jIndicate connection power communication
The link of website i and website j in net；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I
(k) the business different degree of kth class type of service is indicated；P (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the kth class industry that website is d
Be engaged in main road by availability.
When there is any one link to break down in the Work route of business, service transmission path will be switched to spare road
By to improve the different degree of link in alternate routing.When the probability that vocational work routing works normally is higher, the business is only
There is lower probability to switch to alternate routing.Therefore the business different degree size of link carrying cannot be directly as in alternate routing
Standby traffic different degree also needs to consider the probability that vocational work routing works normally.The present embodiment, which combines power business, to be had
The characteristics of main standby route, considers the probability that the Work route of business breaks down, and obtains the standby traffic different degree of each link.Meter
The results are shown in Table 4 for obtained link standby traffic different degree.
4 link standby traffic different degree of table
In the present embodiment, step S4 is specifically, calculate power telecom network link different degree C (e using following formulai,j):
Wherein,
CI(ei,j)=RI (ei,j)+SI(ei,j)；
In formula, CI (ei,j) indicate link ei,jSynthesis different degree, RI (ei,j) it is link ei,jThe working service weight of carrying
It spends, SI (ei,j) it is link ei,jThe standby traffic different degree of carrying.
The comprehensive different degree of the link being calculated and power telecom network link different degree are as shown in table 5.
The integrated service different degree and link different degree of 5 link of table
The present embodiment considers the probability that link works normally, i.e. link first in the calculating of power telecom network link different degree
Availability.Based on the link that link availability and each vocational work are routed across, the general of each business normal work can be calculated
Rate, and then determine the working service different degree of link carrying.The main road of power business will switch to alternate routing by occurring to interrupt,
Increase the alternate routing different degree of link.Simultaneously when the alternate routing of link carrying is more or Work route works normally generally
When rate is lower, the alternate routing of business will improve the importance of link.Therefore according to link availability, vocational work routing is calculated
The probability of failure, and then obtain the standby traffic different degree of link carrying.The finally work of fusion link carrying and standby traffic
Different degree obtains power telecom network link different degree.Method through this embodiment overcomes power telecom network in conventional method
Link different degree calculates the problem of inaccuracy.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments herein can provide as method, system or computer program
Product.Therefore, complete hardware embodiment, complete software embodiment or reality combining software and hardware aspects can be used in the application
Apply the form of example.Moreover, it wherein includes the computer of computer usable program code that the application, which can be used in one or more,
The computer program implemented in usable storage medium (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical memory etc.) produces
The form of product.
The application is referring to method, the process of equipment (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present application
Figure and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that every one stream in flowchart and/or the block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions
The combination of process and/or box in journey and/or box and flowchart and/or the block diagram.It can provide these computer programs
Instruct the processor of general purpose computer, special purpose computer, Embedded Processor or other programmable data processing devices to produce
A raw machine, so that being generated by the instruction that computer or the processor of other programmable data processing devices execute for real
The device for the function of being specified in present one or more flows of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
These computer program instructions, which may also be stored in, is able to guide computer or other programmable data processing devices with spy
Determine in the computer-readable memory that mode works, so that it includes referring to that instruction stored in the computer readable memory, which generates,
Enable the manufacture of device, the command device realize in one box of one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram or
The function of being specified in multiple boxes.
These computer program instructions also can be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that counting
Series of operation steps are executed on calculation machine or other programmable devices to generate computer implemented processing, thus in computer or
The instruction executed on other programmable devices is provided for realizing in one or more flows of the flowchart and/or block diagram one
The step of function of being specified in a box or multiple boxes.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
Imitate embodiment.But without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention to above embodiments institute
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and the remodeling made, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
Step S1: link availability in power telecom network is calculated；
Step S2: according to the business different degree of power business, vocational work routing and link availability, each link carrying is calculated
Working service different degree；
Step S3: according to the business different degree, business alternate routing and link availability of power business, each link carrying is calculated
Standby traffic different degree；
Step S4: it is important that power telecom network link is calculated according to the working service different degree of link carrying and standby traffic different degree
Degree.
2. a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: link p availability is calculated using following formula in the power telecom network in step S1:
In formula, A indicates power telecom network link unit length availability；ei,jIndicate website i and website in connection power telecom network
The link of j, with ej,iIndicate identical link；D(ei,j) indicate link ei,jLength.
3. a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: step S2 is specifically, calculate the working service different degree RI of link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, N is the sum of website in power telecom network；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；ei,jTable
Show the link of website i and website j in connection power telecom network；Rm (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates that website is d
K class business main road by；Φs,d,k(ei,j) indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, terminates the kth class industry that website is d
Main road be engaged in；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I (k) indicates kth class
The business different degree of type of service；P (s, d, k) indicate start site be s, terminate website be d kth class business main road by can
With rate.
4. a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: step S3 is specifically, calculate the standby traffic different degree of each link carrying using following formula:
Wherein,
In formula, Rs (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the alternate routing for the kth class business that website is d；Ψs,d,k(ei,j)
Indicate link ei,jWhether being contained in start site is s, is terminated in the kth class business alternate routing that website is d；N is power communication
The sum of website in net；K indicates the type of service run in power telecom network sum；ei,jIt indicates to stand in connection power telecom network
The link of point i and website j；C (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the number for the kth class business that website is d；I (k) table
Show the business different degree of kth class type of service；P (s, d, k) indicates that start site is s, terminates the kth class business master that website is d
The availability of routing.
5. a kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability according to claim 1,
Be characterized in that: step S4 is specifically, calculate power telecom network link different degree C (e using following formulai,j):
Wherein,
CI(ei,j)=RI (ei,j)+SI(ei,j)；
In formula, CI (ei,j) indicate link ei,jSynthesis different degree, RI (ei,j) it is link ei,jThe working service different degree of carrying,
SI(ei,j) it is link ei,jThe standby traffic different degree of carrying.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910181109.2A CN109861910B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Power communication network link importance calculation method based on link availability |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910181109.2A CN109861910B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Power communication network link importance calculation method based on link availability |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109861910A true CN109861910A (en) | 2019-06-07 |
| CN109861910B CN109861910B (en) | 2021-06-22 |
Family
ID=66900471
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910181109.2A Active CN109861910B (en) | 2019-03-11 | 2019-03-11 | Power communication network link importance calculation method based on link availability |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN109861910B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116667881B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Electric power communication network key link evaluation method based on rapid density clustering |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8009989B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2011-08-30 | At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P. | Integrated electro-optic hybrid communication system |
| CN104202243A (en) * | 2014-09-06 | 2014-12-10 | 国家电网公司 | Multipath simultaneous transmission method in wide area backup protection |
| CN105553869A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 国网河北省电力公司 | Method and system for risk balancing for power communication network |
| CN105871594A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-17 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Method for calculating important degrees of nodes of power communication network |
| CN106506357A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-15 | 国网河南省电力公司信息通信公司 | A kind of double route collocation method of power telecom network and device |
| CN108809828A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-13 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 | A kind of power communication network route method of load flow and business risk joint equalization |
-
2019
- 2019-03-11 CN CN201910181109.2A patent/CN109861910B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8009989B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2011-08-30 | At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P. | Integrated electro-optic hybrid communication system |
| CN104202243A (en) * | 2014-09-06 | 2014-12-10 | 国家电网公司 | Multipath simultaneous transmission method in wide area backup protection |
| CN105553869A (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2016-05-04 | 国网河北省电力公司 | Method and system for risk balancing for power communication network |
| CN105871594A (en) * | 2016-03-22 | 2016-08-17 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Method for calculating important degrees of nodes of power communication network |
| CN106506357A (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2017-03-15 | 国网河南省电力公司信息通信公司 | A kind of double route collocation method of power telecom network and device |
| CN108809828A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-13 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司苏州供电分公司 | A kind of power communication network route method of load flow and business risk joint equalization |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 周洋,孙京,冯银超,喻莉: "《基于链路重要度的电力通信网链路保护方法》", 《2017年江西省电机工程学会年会论文集》 * |
| 江颖洁,孟祥鹿,翟旭: "《基于信息熵的电力通信网脆弱性评价方法分析》", 《中国新通信》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116667881B (en) * | 2023-03-27 | 2024-03-26 | 南京信息工程大学 | Electric power communication network key link evaluation method based on rapid density clustering |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109861910B (en) | 2021-06-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107666412B (en) | The virtual network function dispositions method of service function chain | |
| CN105765906B (en) | Method, system and computer-readable medium for network function virtualization information concentrator | |
| US9020652B2 (en) | Event processing system for an electrical power system | |
| US20150055453A1 (en) | Detour path calculation method in emergency | |
| CN111147287A (en) | Network simulation method and system in SDN scene | |
| CN108683192A (en) | A kind of power spot market goes out clearing method, system, equipment and storage medium | |
| CN110502426A (en) | The test method and device of distributed data processing system | |
| CN106506357A (en) | A kind of double route collocation method of power telecom network and device | |
| CN108965014A (en) | The service chaining backup method and system of QoS perception | |
| CN111191918A (en) | Service route planning method and device for smart power grid communication network | |
| CN108768710A (en) | A kind of changeable weight appraisal procedure, model and the device of optical transport network health | |
| CN104579775B (en) | A kind of power telecom network optical fiber and optical transmission device resource allocation method and equipment | |
| CN113411221B (en) | Power communication network fault simulation verification method, device, equipment and storage medium | |
| CN106982144B (en) | Power communication network fault recovery method | |
| CN113472659B (en) | Method and device for determining forwarding path and SDN controller | |
| CN107292598A (en) | One kind pays method for routing and pays route middleware | |
| CN106549865A (en) | Method, device and software defined network SDN controllers that service dynamic is recovered | |
| CN108832968A (en) | The important service bearing capacity of powerline network determines method and device | |
| CN112804092A (en) | Modeling and simulation method and system for OTN optical transmission network for power communication | |
| CN103634167B (en) | Security configuration check method and system for target hosts in cloud environment | |
| CN110474801A (en) | Powerline network fault simulation method based on service reliability | |
| CN109861910A (en) | A kind of power telecom network link importance calculation method based on link availability | |
| CN107453786A (en) | A kind of powerline network method for establishing model and device | |
| CN106060048A (en) | Network resource access method and network resource access device | |
| CN106506190B (en) | A kind of communication network operating system and operation method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |