CN109860662B - Low-temperature storage device of hydrogen fuel cell and control method thereof - Google Patents
Low-temperature storage device of hydrogen fuel cell and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109860662B CN109860662B CN201910262806.0A CN201910262806A CN109860662B CN 109860662 B CN109860662 B CN 109860662B CN 201910262806 A CN201910262806 A CN 201910262806A CN 109860662 B CN109860662 B CN 109860662B
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 355
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 174
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention provides a low-temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell and a control method thereof, wherein the low-temperature storage device comprises a galvanic pile, an air inlet, a hydrogen inlet, an air outlet and a hydrogen outlet, a nitrogen storage tank, a first switching valve, a nitrogen circulating pump, a heat exchanger, a nitrogen pipeline, a plurality of pipeline switching devices and a first emptying valve; the air inlet, the hydrogen inlet, the air outlet and the hydrogen outlet are all communicated with the electric pile; the nitrogen storage tank is communicated with a nitrogen pipeline through a first switch valve; the nitrogen pipeline is communicated with a nitrogen circulating pump, a heat exchanger and a first emptying valve; the pipeline switching device is communicated with the air inlet, the hydrogen inlet, the air outlet and the hydrogen outlet, and is selectively communicated with the nitrogen pipeline, or the air source and the hydrogen source. After the fuel cell stops running, when the environmental temperature is too low, the power generation and gas supply is closed, the nitrogen pipeline is started, and the moisture in the fuel cell system is discharged through forced pumping and heating of the nitrogen, so that the humidity is reduced, and the fuel cell system can be reliably stored at low temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a low-temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell and a control method thereof.
Background
Under the background of deep environmental protection concept, human beings continuously explore sustainable new energy sources. In recent years, hydrogen has developed faster, and hydrogen has attracted worldwide attention as a green energy source. The fuel cell has the advantages of regeneration, no pollution, low density, large heat and the like, is a fourth power generation technology after hydroelectric power generation, thermal power generation and atomic energy power generation, and the development of the fuel cell certainly brings a new energy automobile revolution.
The problem of low humidity storage is common in hydrogen fuel cell systems, and when the hydrogen fuel cell system is in use, a large amount of liquid water is generated, so that the humidifier and the liquid water in the pipeline need to be purged in time, and the humidifier is prevented from being damaged by low Wen Jiebing. However, the humidifier has a complex structure, when purging and dewatering, the rotating speed of the air compressor needs to be increased, and when no power is generated and the hydrogen supply is cut off, a large pressure difference is generated on the proton exchange membrane of the hydrogen fuel cell stack, which is disadvantageous to the stack; a small amount of water exists in the hydrogen pipeline and the galvanic pile, and because the air system pipeline and the hydrogen system pipeline are isolated, the condition that the purging and the dewatering are not cleaned up exists, and the risk of low-temperature icing still exists; the adoption of the air compressor has large blowing noise and energy consumption, and is not environment-friendly. In addition, the low temperature can affect the power generation performance of the pile, and cause irreversible damage to the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell low temperature storage device and a control method thereof, which can supply inert gas to a fuel cell, discharge moisture in a fuel cell system, and circulate and preserve heat.
In one aspect, the invention provides a low-temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a galvanic pile (1), an air inlet (1A), a hydrogen inlet (1B), an air outlet (1C) and a hydrogen outlet (1D), wherein the air inlet (1A), the hydrogen inlet (1B), the air outlet (1C) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) are all communicated with the galvanic pile (1), the hydrogen inlet (1B) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) are also communicated with a hydrogen source, and the air inlet (1A) and the air outlet (1C) are also communicated with the air source; the device also comprises a nitrogen storage tank (2), a first switch valve (3), a nitrogen circulating pump (4), a heat exchanger (5), a nitrogen pipeline (6), a plurality of pipeline switching devices (7) and a first emptying valve (8); the nitrogen storage tank (2) is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through a first switch valve (3); a nitrogen circulating pump (4), a heat exchanger (5) and a first emptying valve (8) are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6); the pipeline switching device (7) is communicated with the air inlet (1A), the hydrogen inlet (1B), the air outlet (1C) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) and is selectively communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), or an air source and a hydrogen source.
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the pipeline switching device (7) comprises a first pipeline switching device (71), a second pipeline switching device (72), a third pipeline switching device (73) and a fourth pipeline switching device (74), wherein the first pipeline switching device (71) is respectively connected with the air inlet (1A), the air source and the nitrogen pipeline (6); the second pipeline switching device (72) is respectively connected with a hydrogen source, a hydrogen inlet (1B) and a nitrogen pipeline (6); the third pipeline switching device (73) is respectively connected with the air source, the air outlet (1C) and the nitrogen pipeline (6); the fourth pipeline switching device (74) is respectively connected with the hydrogen source, the hydrogen outlet (1D) and the nitrogen pipeline (6).
Further preferably, the pipeline switching device (7) is an electric three-way valve.
Still further preferably, the first pipeline switching device (71) and the second pipeline switching device (72) are both communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through a first tee joint (61); the third pipeline switching device (73) and the fourth pipeline switching device (74) are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through the second tee joint (62).
On the basis of the technical scheme, preferably, the heat exchanger (5) comprises a shell (51), a coil (52) and a thermocouple (53), wherein two ends of the coil (52) are respectively fixed on the shell (51) and are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), the thermocouple (53) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (51), and a heat exchange medium (54) is arranged in the shell (51).
Further preferably, the heat exchange medium (54) is water or ethylene glycol.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the device preferably further comprises a controller (9), wherein the controller (9) is electrically connected with the first switch valve (3), the nitrogen circulating pump (4), the heat exchanger (5), the pipeline switching device (7) and the first emptying valve (8) respectively.
Further preferably, the nitrogen pipeline (6) is further provided with a first steam-water separator (10), the first steam-water separator (10) is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), the first steam-water separator (10) is further provided with a first exhaust valve (11), and the first exhaust valve (11) is electrically connected with the controller (9).
Still more preferably, the nitrogen pipeline (6) is further provided with a temperature sensor (12), a pressure sensor (13), a nitrogen concentration sensor (14) and a humidity sensor (15), and the temperature sensor (12), the pressure sensor (13), the nitrogen concentration sensor (14) and the humidity sensor (15) are electrically connected with the controller (9).
In another aspect, the present invention also provides a method for controlling a low temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell, including the steps of:
s1: when the temperature sensor (12) detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature after the hydrogen fuel cell system is stopped or stopped, the low-temperature storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is controlled to start working;
s2: the controller (9) changes the state of each pipeline switching device (7), cuts off the gas supply of an air source and a hydrogen source and is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), opens the first emptying valve (8) and the first switching valve (3), starts to inject nitrogen into the nitrogen pipeline (6), and discharges the original air and hydrogen in the electric pile (1) from the first emptying valve (8);
s3: when the nitrogen concentration sensor (14) detects the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen pipeline (6) and the nitrogen concentration does not reach a set value, the first switch valve (3) is kept open, and the nitrogen pipeline (6) is continuously supplemented with nitrogen; when the nitrogen concentration reaches a set value, the first emptying valve (8) and the first switching valve (3) are closed;
s4: starting a nitrogen circulating pump (4) and a heat exchanger (5), and controlling nitrogen in a nitrogen pipeline (6) to perform forced circulation and indirect heating;
s5: intermittently opening a first exhaust valve (11) to discharge water and steam in the electric pile (1); intermittently opening a first switch valve (3), and supplementing nitrogen into a nitrogen pipeline (6) to maintain the concentration and pressure of the nitrogen;
s6: when the temperature sensor (12) detects that the temperature of the nitrogen reaches the set temperature, the heat exchanger (5) is closed, and the humidity sensor (15) detects whether the humidity in the nitrogen pipeline (6) reaches the requirement; if the humidity does not reach the set requirement, after the nitrogen temperature is reduced, continuing to start the heat exchanger (5), and repeating the step S5 until the humidity reaches the set requirement;
s7: the humidity reaches the set requirement, a first emptying valve (8) is opened, and nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline (6) is discharged; the nitrogen circulating pump (4) and the heat exchanger (5) are closed, the state of each pipeline switching device (7) is switched to an initial state, namely, the pipeline switching device (7) is communicated with the air source and the hydrogen source again, and the nitrogen pipeline (6) is disconnected.
Compared with the prior art, the low-temperature storage device for the hydrogen fuel cell and the control method thereof have the following beneficial effects:
(1) After the fuel cell stops running, when the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature, the air pipeline and the hydrogen pipeline are closed, the nitrogen pipeline is started, and the nitrogen is forced to be pumped and heated to be circulated continuously, so that residual water and steam in the fuel cell system are taken away, the humidity in the hydrogen fuel cell system is reduced, and the fuel cell system is prevented from being frozen at low temperature and being irreversibly damaged;
(2) The pipeline switching device can enable the fuel cell to be switched in normal working gas supply and nitrogen circulation, can be conveniently transformed in the existing fuel cell system, and is convenient to maintain;
(3) The invention can improve the defect that the existing fuel cell system can freeze during low-temperature storage, improve the power generation efficiency and service life of the fuel cell, and can realize the reliable storage of the fuel cell at low temperature and ensure the power generation performance of the fuel cell through the cooperation of the controller and each sensor.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell low temperature storage device and a control method thereof;
FIG. 2 is a front cross-sectional view of a heat exchanger of a hydrogen fuel cell low-temperature storage device and a control method thereof according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a wiring diagram of a controller of a hydrogen fuel cell low temperature storage device and a control method thereof according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of a low temperature storage device for a hydrogen fuel cell and a control method thereof according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will clearly and fully describe the technical aspects of the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a low-temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a galvanic pile 1, an air inlet 1A, a hydrogen inlet 1B, an air outlet 1C and a hydrogen outlet 1D, wherein the air inlet 1A, the hydrogen inlet 1B, the air outlet 1C and the hydrogen outlet 1D are all communicated with the galvanic pile 1, the hydrogen inlet 1B and the hydrogen outlet 1D are also communicated with a hydrogen source, and the air inlet 1A and the air outlet 1C are also communicated with the air source. The device also comprises a nitrogen storage tank 2, a first switch valve 3, a nitrogen circulating pump 4, a heat exchanger 5, a nitrogen pipeline 6, a plurality of pipeline switching devices 7, a first emptying valve 8, a controller 9, a first water-vapor separator 10, a first emptying valve 11, a temperature sensor 12, a pressure sensor 13, a nitrogen concentration sensor 14 and a humidity sensor 15. The nitrogen storage tank 2 is communicated with a nitrogen pipeline 6 through a first switch valve 3; the nitrogen pipeline 6 is communicated with a nitrogen circulating pump 4, a heat exchanger 5 and a first emptying valve 8; the pipeline switching device 7 is communicated with the air inlet 1A, the hydrogen inlet 1B, the air outlet 1C and the hydrogen outlet 1D, and is selectively communicated with the nitrogen pipeline 6, or an air source and a hydrogen source. As shown in fig. 3, the controller 9 is electrically connected to the first on-off valve 3, the nitrogen circulation pump 4, the heat exchanger 5, the first exhaust valve 8 of the pipe switching device 7, the first exhaust valve 11, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the nitrogen concentration sensor 14, and the humidity sensor 15, respectively.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional hydrogen fuel cell system is provided with a stack 1, an air inlet 1A, a hydrogen inlet 1B, an air outlet 1C, a hydrogen outlet 1D and other components, wherein when the hydrogen fuel cell is in normal operation, the stack 1 is respectively communicated with the air inlet 1A, the hydrogen inlet 1B, the air outlet 1C and the hydrogen outlet 1D, and the air inlet 1A and the air outlet 1C are respectively communicated with an air source; the hydrogen inlet 1B and the hydrogen outlet 1D are communicated with a hydrogen source, so that normal hydrogen and air supply can be realized. A humidifier 17 is also typically connected to the air inlet 1A, the humidifier 17 being used to humidify the air entering the stack 1; the hydrogen outlet 1D is further provided with a second steam-water separator 18, a second tail gas valve 19 and a hydrogen circulating pump 20, wherein the second steam-water separator 18 is used for steam-water separating the hydrogen discharged from the hydrogen outlet 1D, and the separated water is discharged through the second tail gas valve 19 on the second steam-water separator 18. The hydrogen circulation pump 20 is used for circulating the hydrogen which does not participate in the reaction and sending the hydrogen back to the electric pile 1 again for the reaction. After the fuel cell system is shut down, a large amount of water and steam inevitably exist in the air inlet 1A, the hydrogen inlet 1B, the air outlet 1C, the hydrogen outlet 1D and the electric pile 1, and if the water and the steam are not discharged in time under the condition of low ambient temperature, the low-temperature freezing of the water and the steam can cause damage to the performance of the hydrogen fuel cell. The hydrogen source is typically a high pressure hydrogen storage tank; the air source is cheap and easy to obtain, the air can be compressed by the air compressor, the air compressor is used for compressing air, the air pressure and the air flow are increased, the air temperature can be slightly increased, and the reaction in the hydrogen fuel cell is fully carried out.
As shown in fig. 1, the pipe switching device 7 includes a first pipe switching device 71, a second pipe switching device 72, a third pipe switching device 73, and a fourth pipe switching device 74. The first pipeline switching device 71 is respectively connected with the air inlet 1A, the air source and the nitrogen pipeline 6; the second pipeline switching device 72 is respectively connected with the hydrogen source, the hydrogen inlet 1B and the nitrogen pipeline 6; the third pipeline switching device 73 is respectively connected with the air source, the air outlet 1C and the nitrogen pipeline 6; the fourth pipe switching device 74 is connected to the hydrogen source, the hydrogen outlet 1D, and the nitrogen pipe 6, respectively.
Further, the pipeline switching device 7 can adopt an electric three-way valve so as to be better connected with the controller 9, thereby realizing automatic control of pipeline switching. When the hydrogen fuel cell system is stopped and the external ambient temperature is low, the controller 9 changes the state of the pipe switching device 7 according to the signal of the temperature sensor 12, cuts off the passage of air and hydrogen, communicates the stack 1 with the nitrogen pipe 6, and starts the circulation of nitrogen.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the first pipe switching device 71 and the second pipe switching device 72 are both communicated with the nitrogen pipe 6 through the first tee 61; the third pipe switching device 73 and the fourth pipe switching device 74 are each in communication with the nitrogen pipe 6 through the second tee 62. The first tee 61 and the second tee 62 may employ silicone manifolds.
As shown in fig. 2, the heat exchanger 5 comprises a shell 51, a coil 52 and a thermocouple 53, wherein two ends of the coil 52 are respectively fixed on the shell 51 and are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline 6, the thermocouple 53 is arranged at the bottom of the shell 51, and a heat exchange medium 54 is arranged in the shell 51. Wherein the heat exchange medium 54 is water or ethylene glycol. The heat exchanger 5 can indirectly heat nitrogen, so that the heated nitrogen can exchange heat with the electric pile 1 when passing through the electric pile 1, and can evaporate residual water and steam in a pipeline to prevent icing from damaging a fuel cell.
The nitrogen pipeline 6 is also provided with a first steam-water separator 10, the first steam-water separator 10 is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline 6, and the first steam-water separator 10 is also provided with a first exhaust valve 11.
As shown in fig. 1, the nitrogen gas pipe 6 is provided with a temperature sensor 12, a pressure sensor 13, a nitrogen gas concentration sensor 14, and a humidity sensor 15, and the temperature sensor 12 can detect the ambient temperature or the nitrogen gas temperature in the nitrogen gas pipe 6. The pressure sensor 13 can detect the gas pressure of the nitrogen pipe 6. The nitrogen concentration sensor 14 may detect the circulating nitrogen concentration of the nitrogen pipe 6 in the low-temperature storage environment. The humidity sensor 15 is used to detect the humidity in the nitrogen gas pipe 6 in the low-temperature storage environment. The detection signals of the above sensors can be used for the controller 9 to execute corresponding control instructions. The controller 11 of the present invention may be a PLC or a single chip microcomputer. In addition, the humidifier 17, the second exhaust valve and the 19 hydrogen circulation pump 20 may also be electrically connected to the controller 9, so as to expand the application scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a pressure reducing valve 16 for reducing the pressure of the nitrogen gas supplied from the nitrogen gas tank 2 is further provided between the first on-off valve 3 and the nitrogen gas pipe 6.
The invention also provides a control method of the low-temperature storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises the following steps:
s1: when the temperature sensor 12 detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature after the hydrogen fuel cell system is stopped or stopped, the low-temperature storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is controlled to start working;
s2: the controller 9 changes the state of each pipeline switching device 7, cuts off the gas supply of the air source and the hydrogen source and communicates with the nitrogen pipeline 6, opens the first emptying valve 8 and the first switch valve 3, starts to inject nitrogen into the nitrogen pipeline 6, and discharges the original air and hydrogen in the electric pile 1 from the first emptying valve 8;
s3: when the nitrogen concentration sensor 14 detects the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen pipeline 6 and the nitrogen concentration does not reach a set value, the first switch valve 3 is kept open, and the nitrogen pipeline 6 is continuously supplemented with nitrogen; when the nitrogen concentration reaches a set value, the first emptying valve 8 and the first switch valve 3 are closed;
s4: starting a nitrogen circulating pump 4 and a heat exchanger 5, and controlling nitrogen in a nitrogen pipeline 6 to perform forced circulation and indirect heating;
s5: intermittently opening the first exhaust valve 11 to discharge water and steam in the electric pile 1; intermittently opening the first switch valve 3, supplementing nitrogen into the nitrogen pipeline 6, and maintaining the concentration and pressure of the nitrogen;
s6: when the temperature sensor 12 detects that the temperature of the nitrogen reaches the set temperature, the heat exchanger 5 is closed, and the humidity sensor 15 detects whether the humidity in the nitrogen pipeline 6 reaches the requirement; if the humidity does not reach the set requirement, after the nitrogen temperature is reduced, continuing to start the heat exchanger 5, and repeating the step S5 until the humidity reaches the set requirement;
s7: the humidity reaches the set requirement, a first evacuation valve 8 is opened, and nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline 6 is discharged; the nitrogen circulation pump 4 and the heat exchanger 5 are turned off, and the state of each of the pipe switching devices 7 is switched to an initial state, that is, the pipe switching device 7 is again connected to the air source and the hydrogen source, and the nitrogen pipe 6 is disconnected.
The operation of the present invention will be further described with reference to the operational flow chart and the existing hydrogen fuel cell system, as shown in fig. 1 and 4: when the temperature sensor 12 detects that the ambient temperature is lower than a set temperature, such as 0 degrees celsius, after the hydrogen fuel cell system is shut down or stopped, the present invention starts to operate. The controller 9 changes the states of the first pipeline switching device 71, the second pipeline switching device 72, the third pipeline switching device 73 and the fourth pipeline switching device 74, cuts off the supply of an air source and a hydrogen source and communicates with the nitrogen pipeline 6, opens the first emptying valve 8 and the first switch valve 3, injects nitrogen in the nitrogen storage tank 2 into the nitrogen pipeline 6, discharges the original air and hydrogen in the electric pile 1 from the first emptying valve 8, closes the first emptying valve 8 and the first switch valve 3 when the nitrogen concentration sensor 14 detects that the nitrogen concentration reaches a set value, simultaneously opens the heat exchanger 5, the nitrogen circulating pump 4 and the hydrogen circulating pump 20, heats and forcibly circulates the nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline 6, in the process, brings moisture in the components such as the humidifier 17, the electric pile 1 and the hydrogen circulating pump 20, discharges the moisture through the functions of the first steam-water separator 10 and the second steam-water separator 18, reduces the humidity in the hydrogen fuel cell system, and prevents the freezing of the components of the system from causing irreversible damage. By intermittently opening the second exhaust valve 19 and the first exhaust valve 11, the moisture in the pipeline is discharged, and opening the second exhaust valve 19 and the first exhaust valve 11 reduces the nitrogen pressure, so that the first switch valve 3 needs to be intermittently opened to supplement nitrogen, and the nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline 6 is maintained at a certain temperature and pressure. When the temperature sensor 12 detects that the nitrogen temperature reaches the set temperature, the controller 9 turns off the heat exchanger 5, the humidity sensor 15 detects whether the humidity in the nitrogen pipeline 6 reaches the requirement or not, if the humidity is still higher, the heat exchanger 5 is continuously turned on after the nitrogen temperature is reduced, and the nitrogen heating cycle is repeated; if the humidity is qualified, the invention shuts down. When the device is shut down, the first exhaust valve 8 is opened, nitrogen is discharged, the nitrogen circulating pump 4 is shut down, the heat exchanger 5 is closed, the hydrogen circulating pump 20 is closed, and the states of the first pipeline switching device 71, the second pipeline switching device 72, the third pipeline switching device 73 and the fourth pipeline switching device 74 are switched, so that the air source and the hydrogen source supply channels are enabled, the nitrogen channel is cut off, and the switching from the low-temperature storage state to the working state is completed.
It should be noted that fig. 1 shows a structure of the present invention in which the positions of the nitrogen tank 2, the nitrogen circulation pump 4, the heat exchanger 5, the first switch valve 3, the first purge valve 8, the temperature sensor 12, the pressure sensor 13, the nitrogen concentration sensor 14, and the humidity sensor 15 are interchanged, and the functions thereof are the same as the present invention after the interchange.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A control method of a low-temperature storage device of a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising the steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: when the temperature sensor (12) detects that the ambient temperature is lower than the set temperature after the hydrogen fuel cell system is stopped or stopped, the low-temperature storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is controlled to start working;
the low-temperature storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a galvanic pile (1), an air inlet (1A), a hydrogen inlet (1B), an air outlet (1C), a hydrogen outlet (1D), a nitrogen storage tank (2), a first switch valve (3), a nitrogen circulating pump (4), a heat exchanger (5), a nitrogen pipeline (6), a plurality of pipeline switching devices (7), a first emptying valve (8) and a controller (9); the air inlet (1A), the hydrogen inlet (1B), the air outlet (1C) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) are all communicated with the galvanic pile (1), the hydrogen inlet (1B) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) are also communicated with a hydrogen source, and the air inlet (1A) and the air outlet (1C) are also communicated with the air source; the nitrogen storage tank (2) is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through a first switch valve (3); a nitrogen circulating pump (4), a heat exchanger (5) and a first emptying valve (8) are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6); the pipeline switching device (7) is communicated with the air inlet (1A), the hydrogen inlet (1B), the air outlet (1C) and the hydrogen outlet (1D) and is selectively communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) or an air source and a hydrogen source;
the pipeline switching device (7) comprises a first pipeline switching device (71), a second pipeline switching device (72), a third pipeline switching device (73) and a fourth pipeline switching device (74), wherein the first pipeline switching device (71) is respectively connected with the air inlet (1A), the air source and the nitrogen pipeline (6); the second pipeline switching device (72) is respectively connected with a hydrogen source, a hydrogen inlet (1B) and a nitrogen pipeline (6); the third pipeline switching device (73) is respectively connected with the air source, the air outlet (1C) and the nitrogen pipeline (6); the fourth pipeline switching device (74) is respectively connected with the hydrogen source, the hydrogen outlet (1D) and the nitrogen pipeline (6);
the controller (9) is respectively and electrically connected with the first switch valve (3), the nitrogen circulating pump (4), the heat exchanger (5), the pipeline switching device (7) and the first emptying valve (8); the nitrogen pipeline (6) is further provided with a first steam-water separator (10), a temperature sensor (12), a pressure sensor (13), a nitrogen concentration sensor (14) and a humidity sensor (15), the first steam-water separator (10) is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), the first steam-water separator (10) is further provided with a first exhaust valve (11), and the first exhaust valve (11) is electrically connected with the controller (9); the temperature sensor (12), the pressure sensor (13), the nitrogen concentration sensor (14) and the humidity sensor (15) are electrically connected with the controller (9);
s2: the controller (9) changes the state of each pipeline switching device (7), cuts off the gas supply of an air source and a hydrogen source and is communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6), opens the first emptying valve (8) and the first switching valve (3), starts to inject nitrogen into the nitrogen pipeline (6), and discharges the original air and hydrogen in the electric pile (1) from the first emptying valve (8);
s3: when the nitrogen concentration sensor (14) detects the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen pipeline (6) and the nitrogen concentration does not reach a set value, the first switch valve (3) is kept open, and the nitrogen pipeline (6) is continuously supplemented with nitrogen; when the nitrogen concentration reaches a set value, the first emptying valve (8) and the first switching valve (3) are closed;
s4: starting a nitrogen circulating pump (4) and a heat exchanger (5), and controlling nitrogen in a nitrogen pipeline (6) to perform forced circulation and indirect heating;
s5: intermittently opening a first exhaust valve (11) to discharge water and steam in the electric pile (1); intermittently opening a first switch valve (3), and supplementing nitrogen into a nitrogen pipeline (6) to maintain the concentration and pressure of the nitrogen;
s6: when the temperature sensor (12) detects that the temperature of the nitrogen reaches the set temperature, the heat exchanger (5) is closed, and the humidity sensor (15) detects whether the humidity in the nitrogen pipeline (6) reaches the requirement; if the humidity does not reach the set requirement, after the nitrogen temperature is reduced, continuing to start the heat exchanger (5), and repeating the step S5 until the humidity reaches the set requirement;
s7: the humidity reaches the set requirement, a first emptying valve (8) is opened, and nitrogen in the nitrogen pipeline (6) is discharged; the nitrogen circulating pump (4) and the heat exchanger (5) are closed, the state of each pipeline switching device (7) is switched to an initial state, namely, the pipeline switching device (7) is communicated with the air source and the hydrogen source again, and the nitrogen pipeline (6) is disconnected.
2. A control method of a low temperature storage device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the pipeline switching device (7) is an electric three-way valve.
3. A control method of a low temperature storage device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein: the first pipeline switching device (71) and the second pipeline switching device (72) are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through a first tee joint (61); the third pipeline switching device (73) and the fourth pipeline switching device (74) are communicated with the nitrogen pipeline (6) through the second tee joint (62).
4. A control method of a low temperature storage device for a hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein: the heat exchanger (5) comprises a shell (51), a coil (52) and a thermocouple (53), wherein two ends of the coil (52) are respectively fixed on the shell (51) and are communicated with a nitrogen pipeline (6), the thermocouple (53) is arranged at the bottom of the shell (51), and a heat exchange medium (54) is arranged in the shell (51).
5. A control method of a low temperature storage device for a hydrogen fuel cell as claimed in claim 4, wherein: the heat exchange medium (54) is water or glycol.
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