CN109856676A - A method of realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization - Google Patents
A method of realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization, comprising the following steps: step S1 obtains seismic data, based on radius of curvature and inclination angle before seismic data acquisition initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave；Step S2 is based on objective function, obtains the optimal value at radius of curvature and inclination angle before the reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave by radius of curvature and inclination angle before the initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave.The present invention provides a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization, first finds out three initial parameters by the first step, search initial parameter be it is single search for one by one, simple linear search can be used；Second step is to search for optimum combination solution near initial parameter using global optimization approach, to realize that CMAES algorithm solves the problems, such as that CRS imaging parameters quickly scan.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological exploration technical fields, more particularly, to a kind of realization earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter
The method of optimization.
Background technique
Common reflective surface (common reflection surface, abbreviation CRS) superposition is a kind of special zero-offset
Imaging method has the characteristics that drive independent of macro-velocity model and complete data.Since CRS theory introduces reflecting surface
Concept, and be limited within the scope of the first Fresnel-zone, so as to be cutd open by improving stacking fold to enhance superposition
While the signal-to-noise ratio in face, and certain resolution ratio is maintained, so CRS stacking method is more suitable for low signal-to-noise ratio, low covering
The seismic data of number.Specifically, common reflection surface (CRS) stacking method utilizes Fresnel principle, and spread reflection face element is (right
For two dimension, expand line element) increase degree of covering, it is theoretical using ray holography, different CRP gathers is corrected
It into same trace gather, is then overlapped, is enhanced the energy for reflecting signal.
Under two-dimensional case, three parameters need to be determined, it is slightly complicated for opposite confirmation CMP stack velocity, in order to find out
The optimum combination of three parameters, we first look for three initial parameter values, then find out optimum combination in initial value attachment.Initial value scanning
Using linear scan, to determine the probable ranges of three parameters, need to come using global optimization approach later on this basis again same
When optimized three parameters.
Under two-dimensional condition, ray theory (Schleicher etc., 1993), classical CRS trip when according to paraxial ray travelling
Equation can be expressed as (Jager etc., 2001) hyperbolic type expression formula when row,
(1)；
In formula,When travelling for zero shot-geophone distance,For the speed at zero-offset,For the corresponding coordinate of zero-offset,For
Midpoint coordinates between big gun inspection,For half offset distance,For zero-offset ray emergence angle,Indicate the curvature half in IP wave
Diameter,It indicatesThe radius of curvature of point N wave.
Traditional CMP superposition needs a speed parameter, and CRS superposition needs three parameters, at this time parameter search space
Three-dimensional is risen to from one-dimensional, search calculation amount exponentially increases, and calculation amount is huge.The one-dimensional space is searched for using linear search
Can, but three-dimensional space needs more advanced quick Optimizing Search algorithm.At present using it is more be simulated annealing and base
In the algorithm of gradient, relative efficiency is lower, is easily trapped into local minimum, limits the popularization and application of CRS technology.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization, and three are first found out by the first step
Initial parameter, search initial parameter be it is single search for one by one, simple linear search can be used；Second step is using global optimization
Algorithm searches for optimum combination solution near initial parameter, to realize that CMAES algorithm solves the problems, such as that CRS imaging parameters quickly scan.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization is provided, including
Following steps:
Step S1 obtains seismic data, before seismic data acquisition initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave
Radius of curvature and initial tilt；
Step S2 is based on mesh by radius of curvature and inclination angle before the initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave
Scalar functions obtain the wave-front curvature radius, reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius and the optimal value at inclination angle.
On the basis of above scheme preferably, the objective function are as follows:
；
And；
；
；
Wherein,
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate wave-front curvature radius to be optimizedInverse, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius；
Indicate initial tilt；
The inverse of radius of curvature before expression initial reflection surface wave, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate the compatibility function that seismic signal changes over time；
A indicates earthquake channel amplitude, is the function of time location t；
Indicate the consistency composite function that seismic signal changes over time；
M indicates the road number of current trace gather；
K indicates the seismic signal number of samples in actual time window;
Indicate the L of sampling point spatial offset initial parameter model2Norm；
Indicate the coefficient of regularization, 0 <<+1.
On the basis of above scheme preferably, the calculation expression of the position time t are as follows:
；
Wherein: h indicates offset distance；
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate the vertical travelling two-way time；
Indicate earth's surface speed.
A kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization of the invention, by the way that objective function is designed to one
Cause property function and weighted model difference and structure, make it in search parameter, guarantee obtain relatively good condition for consistence
Under, and without departing from given original model parameter (model difference is small), and regularisation parameter, it can be used for adjusting and deviate model journey
The size of degree.
Reflection point wave-front curvature radius, reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius when the present invention is by acquisition objective function minimum value
And the optimal value combination at inclination angle, formula (1) can calculate CRS hourage when being travelled using CRS, so that it may to CMP trace gather
Or channel set moved compared with be superimposed, generate last CRS superposition achievement section, done for Geophysicist and geological personnel
Further processing and explanation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be certain CDP point position of the invention three parameter optimizations before with the curve graph after optimization；
Fig. 2 is that suburb positive time depth and offset distance variation diagram at any time are moved in certain position CDP of the invention；
Fig. 3 is single CDP stacked profile map of the invention；
Fig. 4 is CRS stacked profile map of the invention；
Fig. 5 is a kind of method flow block diagram for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization of the invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail.Implement below
Example is not intended to limit the scope of the invention for illustrating the present invention.
It please refers to shown in Fig. 5, the present invention provides a kind of methods for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization, including
Following steps:
Step S1 obtains seismic data, is calculated based on seismic data and obtains initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection face
Wave-front curvature radius and initial tilt；
Step S2 is based on mesh by radius of curvature and initial tilt before initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave
Scalar functions obtain the reflection point wave-front curvature radius, reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius and the optimal value at inclination angle.
For the technical solution of the present invention of further instruction, introduced detailed in step S1 of the invention below,
For obtaining reflection point wave-front curvature radius, reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius and the initial parameter at inclination angle.
In common seismic Data processing, it would be desirable to artificial pickup velocity, and the stack velocity needed in CRS processingIt is exactly conventional stacking speed, but surveying stack velocity can realize according to CMP travel-time equation automatically scanning.Using artificial
Reference of the speed of pickup as automatically scanning, on the basis of artificial pickup velocity, scanning obtains compatibility function maximum
Corresponding speed when value, the stability for the scanning speed that can guarantee in this way, while avoiding scanning to the low of multiple wave again
Fast range.
Under two-dimensional condition, ray theory (Schleicher etc., 1993), classical CRS trip when according to paraxial ray travelling
Equation can be expressed as (Jager etc., 2001) hyperbolic type expression formula when row,
(1)；
Wherein, in formula,When travelling for zero shot-geophone distance,For the speed at zero-offset,For the corresponding seat of zero-offset
Mark,For big gun inspection between midpoint coordinates,For half offset distance,For zero-offset ray emergence angle,It indicates in point NIP
The radius of curvature of wave,It indicatesThe radius of curvature of point N wave.
Due to stack velocity in CRS processingWithIt is directly related, for formula (1), it is assumed that, then the public affairs
Formula is variable are as follows:
(2)
Stack velocity formula is compared,
(3)
It enables,
(4)
It is obtained after transformation,
(5)
It can be concluded that, obtained from upper formulaThe inclination angle and, dependent variable is all constant, can be calculated.It obtains in next step
Scan inclination angle。
After the scanning of previous step stack velocity, superposition is done using the speed of scanning and obtains stacked section.Notice that inclination angle has
It is positive and negative, such as -40 ° to+40 ° of scan position are defined before scanning.After obtaining inclination angle, in conjunction with the first step, we scan obtained superposition speed
Degree, formula (5) calculating can be used in we。
Equally, the radius of curvature for scanning N wave still uses result obtained in the previous step as input, i.e. stacked section.Make
With containing after simplificationEquation linear scan N wave radius of curvature.Pay attention toRange be it is infinite to just infinite from bearing, can be with
Its inverse, which is scanned, by linear scan obtains its initial value.
Specific implementation, is parameter automatically scanning speed, it need to be noted that stack velocity is extremely important in CRS processing,
But the rate pattern automatically scanning without any restriction on the parameters may have many problems, before scanning speed, provide with reference to speed
Degree carries out linear scan according to come the range that sets scanning centered on reference velocity, take consistency preferably when corresponding speed
Degree, then will obtain that carry out is smooth, later using this speed do common midpoint gather it is dynamic compared with and superposition, generate earthquake overlap and cut open
Face.After generating section, angle scanning is carried out to section, obtains the inclination value that each sampling point goes out.The scanning at inclination angle uses greatly first
Angle interval scan, such as 2 ° or so use closely-spaced carry out rescan, such as 0.1 ° or so after the general angular range of determination.
After preliminary sweep obtains speed and inclination angle, NIP radius can be calculated according to formula (5)；Assuming that the h of formula (1) is 0, i.e.,
It can scan to obtain N wave radius, take its inverse, extremely N curve rate.
Obtaining three initial values, inclination angle, the radius of curvature of N wave, the radius of curvature of NIP wave, next may be used
To use the algorithm of global optimization, best parameter group is found near initial value.
Wherein, CMAES is a kind of algorithm (Hansen, 2011) of random multi-Dimensional parameters search unrelated with gradient.It should
Algorithm is not based on gradient search, does not also have derivative calculations process, is suitble to various complex search problems, and such as more Local Minimums are asked
Topic, non-linear smooth perturbation problem, the inseparable problem of parameter, discontinuously and containing noise problem etc..CMAES algorithm search is one
The process of a iteration updates stochastic variable using the continuous iteration of stochastical sampling method, can be summarized as three steps according to its feature:
(1) spatial sampling is carried out to data according to sampling point mean value and covariance matrix, (2) estimate new sampling point mean value, and (3) are estimated new
Sampling point covariance.Successively continuous loop iteration updates this three step, can search parameter space be mostly efficiently multidimensional solution, and
And fast convergence rate.
This distinctive random parameter update mode can be expressed as with equation,
(6)
(7)
(8)
~: indicate stochastic variable distribution；
: indicate multiple random variables normal distribution, mean value 0, covariance matrix；
: indicate k-th of offspring from g+1 generation；
: indicate the mean value in g generation；
: indicate g for population variance or step-length；
: indicate g for covariance matrix；
: it indicates total sample, will be generally greater than or equal to 2；
: indicate weighting coefficient space；
: representation space sample；
: indicate g+1 for Space Experiments covariance.
The search of CRS superposition parameter is substantially exactly one containing noise, and non-linear, discontinuously, inseparable parameter is excellent
Change problem, thus CMAES is a kind of extraordinary optimization method for being suitable for CRS parameter search.
Searching for the first step first using CMAES is to define minimum objective function, objective function of the invention are as follows:
(9)；
And(10)；
(11)；
(12)；
Wherein,
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate wave-front curvature radius to be optimizedInverse, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius；
Indicate initial tilt；
The inverse of radius of curvature before expression initial reflection surface wave, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate the compatibility function that seismic signal changes over time；
A indicates earthquake channel amplitude, is the function of time location t；
Indicate the consistency composite function that seismic signal changes over time；
M indicates the road number of current trace gather；
K indicates the seismic signal number of samples in actual time window;
Indicate the L of sampling point spatial offset initial parameter model2Norm；
Indicate the coefficient of regularization, 0 <<+1.
Wherein, the calculation expression of position time t of the invention are as follows:
；
Wherein: h indicates offset distance；
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate the vertical travelling two-way time；
Indicate earth's surface speed.
It is illustrated below with reference to embodiment and how objective function is based on come the initial ginseng of scanning optimization three using CMAES
Number.
After three initial parameters are calculated, using CMAES based on objective function (9) come three ginsengs after scanning optimization
Number, is illustrated here with example.Fig. 1 be certain CDP point position three parameter optimizations before (blue) optimization after (red) curve graph.Phase
Comparatively, red curve bounce is more, it is a kind of random algorithm that this, which is due to CMAES, in order to find best parameter group,
The optimizing near initial parameter of the parameter of search reaches smaller target function value.
After searching optimal three parameter combinations, followed by the hourage for using formula (1) that curved surface is calculated,
Fig. 2 be shown certain position CDP move the positive time graph in suburb, x-axis is offset distance, the time parameter in Fig. 2 be after smooth,
Due to being random solution procedure, three parameters of calculating contain random element, thus the time calculated need to do it is smooth.
Obtained it is smooth after dynamic correction time, can CDP trace gather data be carried out with dynamic correction and superposition, what Fig. 3 was shown
It is single CDP stacked profile map, Fig. 4 is CRS stacked profile map, belongs to newest fruits of the invention, it can be seen that the signal of Fig. 4
Obtained enhancing, noise are suppressed, and Fig. 4 imaging effect is greatly improved.
Finally, the present processes are only preferable embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization, which comprises the following steps:
Step S1 obtains seismic data, is calculated based on seismic data and obtains initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection face
Wave-front curvature radius and initial tilt；
Step S2 passes through radius of curvature and initial tilt before the initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius, initial reflection surface wave, base
In objective function, the wave-front curvature radius, reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius and the optimal value at inclination angle are obtained.
2. a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Objective function are as follows:
；
And；
；
；
Wherein,
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate wave-front curvature radius to be optimizedInverse, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate reflecting surface wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate initial reflection point wave-front curvature radius；
Indicate initial tilt；
The inverse of radius of curvature before expression initial reflection surface wave, -1≤≤+1；
Indicate the compatibility function that seismic signal changes over time；
A indicates earthquake channel amplitude, is the function of time location t；
Indicate the consistency composite function that seismic signal changes over time；
M indicates the road number of current trace gather；
K indicates the seismic signal number of samples in actual time window;
Indicate the L of sampling point spatial offset initial parameter model2Norm；
Indicate the coefficient of regularization, 0 <<+1.
3. a kind of method for realizing earthquake common reflection surface stack parameter optimization as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described
The calculation expression of position time t are as follows:
；
Wherein: h indicates offset distance；
Indicate reflection point wave-front curvature radius to be optimized；
Indicate inclination angle to be optimized；
Indicate the vertical travelling two-way time；
Indicate earth's surface speed.
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| CN113960669A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Reflection information enhancement method and device based on common imaging point gather combination calculation |
| CN113960668A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-01-21 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method and device for enhancing reflection information based on pre-stack time migration |
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