CN109856557A - A kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method - Google Patents
A kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method of the invention can solve the technical issues of existing test method can not complete electrochemical impedance test online.It is placed in insulating box including S100, by mesuring battary, a certain SOC state is charged to mesuring battary；S200, AC impedance (EIS) test is carried out to mesuring battary, analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization；S300, the battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, the current impulse of different gradients is carried out to it；Shelved voltage before S400, a certain pulse current I pulse is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage afterwards is denoted as Ut, then △ U=U0 ‑ Ut, take △ U and pulse current I under different pulse currents to map, carry out linear fit, the impedance value of obtained slope i.e. DCR test.The present invention combines direct current method with alternating current method, is tested by the DC impedance of small multiplying power current impulse, reaches on-line monitoring battery electrochemical impedance variations purpose.This method experimentation is simple, practical.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, and in particular to a kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance
Test method.
Background technique
Internal resistance is a very important performance indicator of battery, has important shadow to the fast charge of battery, heat production, aging
It rings.The method for being commonly used to the test internal resistance of cell at present has direct current method (DCR) and alternating current method (EIS).Wherein, direct current method is usually pair
Battery carries out the big multiplying power discharging of 3C or 5C, obtains the pulse further according to the ratio between the changing value and pulse current of voltage
The impedance magnitude of battery in time.And exchanging rule is the signal disturbance by electrochemical workstation to battery progress by a small margin,
The impedance spectra of battery is obtained while keeping stable state inside battery system, passes through the feature of battery impedance spectrogram, fitting point
Analyse the available ohmage R generated by the various polarization of batterys, membrane impedance RfAnd Charge-transfer resistance Rct。
Therefore the electrochemical impedance of current battery mainly uses alternating current method to test, this method is a kind of testing impedance side of static state
Method needs to remove battery after the certain all numbers of circulation, is placed on testing impedance instrument and carries out testing impedance, therefore, it is impossible to
Online testing impedance is carried out to battery, and DC impedance test then can be completed directly in charge and discharge electric cabinet.
Summary of the invention
A kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method proposed by the present invention, can solve existing test
Method can not complete the technical issues of testing impedance online.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method, comprising the following steps:
S100, mesuring battary is placed in insulating box, then the good temperature of incubator set point charges to mesuring battary a certain
SOC state, is shelved；
S200, AC impedance EIS test is carried out to mesuring battary on electrochemical workstation, obtains its EIS impedance spectra,
Fitting Analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization, i.e. ohmage Rs, membrane impedance Rf and Charge-transfer resistance Rct；
Wherein, Rs+Rf+RctFrequency time at inflection point is denoted as t1；
S300, the battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, the small multiplying power of different gradients is carried out to it
Current impulse, burst length t2, the sampling site time of pulse is ta, the time interval between every subpulse is tb；
S400, EIS is tested after battery carry out pulsed discharge, when pulsed discharge, putting before a certain pulse current I pulse
It sets voltage and is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage afterwards is denoted as Ut, then △ U=U0-Ut, then take △ U and pulse electricity under different pulse currents
I mapping is flowed, linear fit is carried out, obtained slope is the impedance value of DCR test；
S500, the battery for testing DCR and EIS is placed on high precision measurement cabinet to the circulation for carrying out X multiplying power, every 50 weeks
Afterwards, 50%SOC is charged to, its static EIS impedance value, 0.1c < X≤2c are tested in the variation and lower cabinet that its DCR is monitored online.
Wherein, the battery to be studied in the step S100 includes all battery systems (rectangular, cylinder, full battery, half electricity
Pond etc.).
Battery need to be same state when carrying out EIS and DCR test in the step S100.
Ac impedance measurement (EIS) in the step S200 includes current disturbing and voltage disturbance both of which.
The burst length that DC impedance is tested in the step S300 is R in EIS impedance spectrums+Rf+RctFrequency at inflection point
Time, i.e. t2=t1。
Pulse sampling site time range is 0.0001s≤t in the step S300a≤ 1s, preferably 1ms-10ms.
Pulse current range is 0 < I≤1c in the step S300, and spacing gradient can choose 0.02-0.2c, preferably 0.1c-
0.2c。
Pulse sampling site time range is t in the step S300b>=30min, preferably 30min.
The time of DCR pulse sliced is electrochemical impedance in first week EIS spectrogram in cyclic process in the step S500
The frequency time of inflection point.
As shown from the above technical solution, on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method of the invention is chosen
Burst length of the frequency time as direct current method testing impedance in AC impedance spectroscopy at the inflection point of electrochemical impedance region, and arteries and veins
It rushes the small multiplying power electric current that electric current is chosen within 1C and online prison is reached by the DC impedance test of this small multiplying power current impulse
Control battery electrochemical impedance variations purpose.
When the burst length of direct current method testing impedance is chosen for the inflection point in electrochemical impedance region in AC impedance spectroscopy
Between, pulse current chooses the small multiplying power electric current within 1C, and verifying obtains accurately measuring the electrochemistry of battery by direct current method
Impedance, and then achieve the purpose that battery electrochemical impedance variations are monitored online by direct current method, this method experimentation is simple, practical
Property is strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the EIS impedance spectra of example 1；
Fig. 3 is the Linear Fit Chart of the DCR (0.464s) of example 1；
Fig. 4 is the impedance value of the DCR test of example 1；
Fig. 5 is 500 weeks DCR of circulation of example 1 compared with EIS impedance；
Fig. 6 is the EIS impedance spectra of example 2；
Fig. 7 is the Linear Fit Chart of the DCR (0.293s) of example 2；
Fig. 8 is the impedance value of the DCR test of example 2；
Fig. 9 is 500 weeks DCR of circulation of example 2 compared with EIS impedance.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method described in the present embodiment, including
S100, mesuring battary is placed in insulating box, then the good temperature of incubator set point charges to a certain SOC state to mesuring battary, puts
It sets；
S200, AC impedance EIS test is carried out to mesuring battary on electrochemical workstation, obtains its EIS impedance spectra,
Fitting Analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization, i.e. ohmage Rs, membrane impedance Rf and Charge-transfer resistance Rct；
Wherein, Rs+Rf+RctFrequency time at inflection point is denoted as t1；
S300, the battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, the small multiplying power of different gradients is carried out to it
Current impulse, burst length t2, the sampling site time of pulse is ta, the time interval between every subpulse is tb；
S400, EIS is tested after battery carry out pulsed discharge, when pulsed discharge, putting before a certain pulse current I pulse
It sets voltage and is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage afterwards is denoted as Ut, then △ U=U0-Ut, then take △ U and pulse electricity under different pulse currents
I mapping is flowed, linear fit is carried out, obtained slope is the impedance value of DCR test；
S500, the battery for testing DCR and EIS is placed on high precision measurement cabinet to the circulation for carrying out 1C multiplying power, every 50
Zhou Hou charges to 50%SOC, its static EIS impedance value is tested in the variation and lower cabinet that its DCR is monitored online.
It is described in detail below in conjunction with specific example:
Example 1: when ternary lamination full battery 50%SOC, the test of direct current method electrochemical impedance:
(1) full battery to be studied is placed in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs, charges to 50%SOC, shelves 1h；
(2) AC impedance (EIS) test, voltage disturbance, forcing frequency are carried out to mesuring battary on electrochemical workstation
For 5mv, its EIS impedance spectra is obtained, Fitting Analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization；Wherein, as shown in Fig. 2, Rs+
Frequency time at Rf+Rct inflection point is denoted as t1；
EIS fitting data is as follows:
| SOC/% | Rs/Ω | Rf/Ω | Rct/Ω | Rs+Rf+Rct/Ω | f/Hz | t1/s |
| 50 | 0.200 | 0.093 | 0.347 | 0.640 | 2.15 | 0.464 |
(3) battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, different current impulses, pulse is carried out to it
Electric current I=0.2c, 0.4c, 0.6c, 0.8c, 1c, burst length are R in EIS impedance spectras+Rf+RctFrequency time at inflection point
0.464s, sampling site time when pulse are 0.001s, and the time interval between every subpulse is 30min；
(4) when pulsed discharge, the shelved voltage before a certain pulse current I pulse is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage after s is denoted as
Ut, then △ U=U0-Ut, then take △ U and pulse I under different pulse currents to map, carry out linear fit, obtained slope is
The impedance value of DCR test；As shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4,
(5) impedance value that more above-mentioned alternating current method and direct current method measure.
The calculation formula of relative deviation are as follows: o '=| RDCR(Xs)-REIS|/REIS* 100, relative deviation is about within 15%, can
To think that both impedance detecting method differences can be ignored.
| SOC/% | DCR(0.464s)/Ω | R2 | EISRs+Rf+Rct/Ω | Relative deviation/% |
| 50 | 0.707 | 1 | 0.64 | 10.47 |
The impedance value that above data can be seen that two methods measurement is closer to, and relative deviation is about 10.47%,
Therefore, can be with the variation of direct current method measurement battery electrochemical impedance, and then achieve the purpose that on-line monitoring.
(6) battery for testing DCR and EIS is placed on high precision measurement cabinet to the circulation for carrying out 1C multiplying power, every 50 weeks
Afterwards, 50%SOC is charged to, its static EIS impedance value is tested in the variation and lower cabinet that its DCR (0.464s) is monitored online.Such as
Shown in Fig. 5 and following table；
| Cycles | 1 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 | 450 | 500 |
| EIS(Rs+Rct+Rf) | 0.64 | 0.645 | 0.691 | 0.681 | 0.666 | 0.702 | 0.712 | 0.706 | 0.718 | 0.715 | 0.72 |
| DCR(0.464s) | 0.707 | 0.711 | 0.762 | 0.759 | 0.755 | 0.77 | 0.775 | 0.778 | 0.783 | 0.78 | 0.786 |
| Relative deviation/% | 10.47 | 10.23 | 10.27 | 11.45 | 13.36 | 9.69 | 8.85 | 10.20 | 9.05 | 9.09 | 9.17 |
During recycling 500 weeks as can be seen from the above data, the impedance value and direct current method that are measured by static AC method
The impedance value of on-line monitoring is close, relative deviation be 8.3%~
11.79%, difference can be ignored.It therefore, can be with the battery of direct current method on-line monitoring in cyclic process
Electrochemical impedance.
Example 2: when tertiary cathode half-cell 50%SOC, the test of direct current method electrochemical impedance
(1) positive half-cell to be studied is placed in 25 DEG C of insulating boxs, charges to 50%SOC, shelves 1h；
(2) AC impedance (EIS) test, voltage disturbance, forcing frequency are carried out to mesuring battary on electrochemical workstation
For 5mv, its EIS impedance spectra is obtained, Fitting Analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization.Wherein, Rs+Rf+RctInflection point
The frequency time at place is denoted as t1；As shown in Figure 6.
EIS fitting data is as follows:
(3) battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, different current impulses, pulse is carried out to it
Electric current I=0.2c, 0.4c, 0.6c, 0.8c, 1c, burst length are R in EIS impedance spectras+Rf+RctFrequency time at inflection point
0.293s, sampling site time when pulse are 0.001s, and the time interval between every subpulse is 30min；
(4) when pulsed discharge, the shelved voltage before a certain pulse current I pulse is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage after s is denoted as
Ut, then △ U=U0-Ut, then take △ U and pulse I under different pulse currents to map, carry out linear fit, obtained slope is
The impedance value of DCR test；As shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8；
(5) impedance value that more above-mentioned alternating current method and direct current method measure.
The calculation formula of relative deviation are as follows: o '=| RDCR(Xs)-REIS|/REIS* 100, relative deviation is about within 15%, can
To think that both impedance detecting method differences can be ignored.
| SOC/% | DCR(0.292s)/Ω | R2 | EISRs+Rf+Rct/Ω | Relative deviation/% |
| 50 | 0.619 | 0.9999 | 0.586 | 5.63 |
From the above data, it can be seen that the impedance value of two methods measurement is closer to, relative deviation is about 5.63%,
Therefore, can be with the variation of direct current method measurement battery electrochemical impedance, and then achieve the purpose that on-line monitoring.
(6) battery for testing DCR and EIS is placed on high precision measurement cabinet and carries out charge and discharge, after 50 weeks, charging
To 50%SOC, its static EIS impedance value is tested in the variation and lower cabinet that its DCR (0.292s) is monitored online.If Fig. 9 is under
Shown in table；
During recycling 500 weeks as can be seen from the above data, the impedance value and direct current method that are measured by static AC method
The impedance value of on-line monitoring is close, relative deviation be 8.3%~
11.79%, difference can be ignored.It therefore, can be with the electricity of direct current method on-line monitoring battery in cyclic process
Chemical impedance.
To sum up alternating current method is measured the frequency time at electrochemical impedance inflection point as direct current method impedance by the embodiment of the present invention
The burst length of test, and small multiplying power current impulse is combined, realize that battery electrochemical impedance, which is monitored online, by DC impedance method becomes
The purpose of change has good application value.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
Invention is explained in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still can be to aforementioned each implementation
Technical solution documented by example is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modification or
Replacement, the spirit and scope for technical solution of various embodiments of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S100, mesuring battary is placed in insulating box, then the good temperature of incubator set point charges to a certain SOC shape to mesuring battary
State is shelved；
S200, AC impedance EIS test is carried out to mesuring battary on electrochemical workstation, obtains its EIS impedance spectra, is fitted
Analysis obtains the impedance value generated by each polarization, i.e. ohmage Rs, membrane impedance Rf and Charge-transfer resistance Rct；Wherein,
Rs + Rf + RctFrequency time at inflection point is denoted as t1；
S300, the battery after EIS testing impedance is connected to high precision measurement cabinet, the small multiplying power electric current of different gradients is carried out to it
Pulse, burst length t2, the sampling site time of pulse is ta, the time interval between every subpulse is tb；
S400, EIS is tested after battery carry out pulsed discharge, when pulsed discharge, shelve electricity before a certain pulse current I pulse
Pressure is denoted as U0, pulse t2Voltage afterwards is denoted as Ut, then △ U=U0 - Ut, then take △ U and pulse under different pulse currents
Electric current I mapping, carries out linear fit, and obtained slope is the impedance value of DCR test；
S500, the battery for testing DCR and EIS is placed on high precision measurement cabinet to the circulation for carrying out X multiplying power, after 50 weeks,
50% SOC is charged to, its static EIS impedance value, 0.1 c < X≤2 are tested in the variation and lower cabinet that its DCR is monitored online
c。
2. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Calorstat temperature is 0 DEG C ~ 45 DEG C in step S100.
3. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: described
Calorstat temperature is 25 DEG C in step S100.
4. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The burst length that DC impedance is tested in step S300 is R in EIS impedance spectrums + Rf + RctFrequency time at inflection point, i.e. t2 = t 1。
5. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Pulse sampling site time range is 0.0001s≤t in step S300a ≤ 1s。
6. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described
Pulse sampling site time range is 1ms≤t in step S300a≤ 10 ms。
7. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Pulse current range is the c of 0 < I≤1 in step S300.
8. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Pulse sampling site time range is t in step S300b≥ 30 min。
9. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
0.02-0.2 c is chosen in the small multiplying power current impulse of different gradients in step S300.
10. on-line monitoring lithium ion battery electrochemical impedance test method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that: institute
0.1 c -0.2 c is chosen in the small multiplying power current impulse for stating different gradients in step S300.
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| CN111766526A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for detecting electrochemical polarization impedance of lithium ion battery |
| CN111965430A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 扬州大学 | Impedance measurement method and device capable of realizing power supply of low-voltage lithium battery pack |
| CN112698212A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2021-04-23 | 诺乌姆工程有限公司 | Estimating battery state from gradients of electrical impedance measurements |
| CN113009362A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-22 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum measuring method and device, equipment and vehicle |
| CN113495221A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-12 | 郑州深澜动力科技有限公司 | Method for testing direct current impedance of battery |
| CN113687253A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method for analyzing impedance of internal component of battery cell |
| CN114089202A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-02-25 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for nondestructively analyzing electrode impedance stability in battery circulation process |
| CN115524628A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-27 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Soft package lithium ion battery capacity fade failure analysis method and system |
| CN116087794A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-05-09 | 湖北工业大学 | Battery failure grading early warning method and system |
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| CN113009362A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2021-06-22 | 未势能源科技有限公司 | Fuel cell electrochemical impedance spectrum measuring method and device, equipment and vehicle |
| CN111413631A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-14 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for testing lithium ion intercalation activation energy in lithium battery by using impedance spectrum |
| CN113495221A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-10-12 | 郑州深澜动力科技有限公司 | Method for testing direct current impedance of battery |
| CN113495221B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2023-12-01 | 郑州深澜动力科技有限公司 | Method for testing direct current impedance of battery |
| CN111766526A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-10-13 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method for detecting electrochemical polarization impedance of lithium ion battery |
| CN111965430B (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2023-03-17 | 扬州大学 | Impedance measurement method and device capable of realizing power supply of low-voltage lithium battery pack |
| CN111965430A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-20 | 扬州大学 | Impedance measurement method and device capable of realizing power supply of low-voltage lithium battery pack |
| CN113687253A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method for analyzing impedance of internal component of battery cell |
| CN113687253B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-06-30 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method for analyzing impedance of internal components of battery cell |
| CN114089202B (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-05-10 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for nondestructively analyzing electrode impedance stability in battery circulation process |
| CN114089202A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-02-25 | 天津力神电池股份有限公司 | Method for nondestructively analyzing electrode impedance stability in battery circulation process |
| CN115524628A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-27 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Soft package lithium ion battery capacity fade failure analysis method and system |
| CN115524628B (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2023-07-18 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Soft package lithium ion battery capacity decay failure analysis method and system |
| CN116087794A (en) * | 2023-04-07 | 2023-05-09 | 湖北工业大学 | Battery failure grading early warning method and system |
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