CN109856001B - Comprehensive determination device for shearing mechanical behavior of metal disc-soil interface and use method - Google Patents
Comprehensive determination device for shearing mechanical behavior of metal disc-soil interface and use method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109856001B CN109856001B CN201811618826.9A CN201811618826A CN109856001B CN 109856001 B CN109856001 B CN 109856001B CN 201811618826 A CN201811618826 A CN 201811618826A CN 109856001 B CN109856001 B CN 109856001B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive measuring device for shearing mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface and a using method, and the comprehensive measuring device comprises a test bed, a hydraulic loading system and a shearing system, wherein the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing support and a hydraulic oil cylinder, the bearing support is fixed on the test bed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on a cross beam of the bearing support, a loading plate which is matched with the top of a sample cavity and is provided with a drainage and exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the sample cavity, and the top end of the loading plate is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder; the sample cavity is provided with a water pressure adding hole, a hole pressure meter, a drain hole and a heating device, and the water pressure adding hole is communicated with the steam-water exchanger; a temperature sensor is arranged on the shearing disc, a torque sensor and a rotating speed sensor are arranged on a rotating shaft of the servo motor, a hole pressure meter is arranged on the side wall of the sample cavity, and a pressure sensor is arranged between a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the loading plate. The invention realizes the scientific determination of the shearing force between the metal interface and the soil body under the conditions of different soil pressures, different water heads, different temperatures and different shearing speeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for measuring shearing mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface, in particular to measurement of shearing mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface of a soil sample at high temperature and high water pressure. The invention also relates to a using method of the device for measuring the shearing mechanical behavior of the metal disc-soil interface.
Background
The shearing mechanical behavior between metal and soil is a more traditional problem, which is very common in production and life, in agricultural production, too much soil adheres to agricultural machinery, which causes the working efficiency of the agricultural machinery to be greatly reduced, the energy consumption to be sharply increased, and the agricultural quality and the mechanical life to be seriously affected; once soil is adhered to the working surface of industrial machinery such as an excavator, a bulldozer and the like, the soil excavating and bulldozing efficiency is rapidly reduced, and the cost and the energy consumption are increased; in the drilling engineering, the soil with high quartz content can bring strong abrasiveness, and cause severe abrasion to the metal drill bit, thereby causing adverse effects such as low drilling efficiency, frequent replacement of the drill bit and the like; in the construction of the shield tunnel, soil with strong adhesion is easy to adhere to the metal cutter head to cause a mud cake phenomenon, and soil with strong abrasiveness is easy to abrade the metal cutter head and the cutter to cause serious damage to the cutter head, so that the propelling efficiency of the shield is greatly reduced.
The influence of factors such as normal adhesion, tangential adhesion and adhesion law under anhydrous condition, interface pressure, pressurization time, temperature change and the like on adhesion is analyzed by a plurality of researchers before the shearing mechanical behavior between metal and soil body (1996), and the sandy loam with small adhesion under the normal condition can generate larger adsorption when the pressure is large enough. Azadegan et al (2012) studied the effect of temperature on the ability of a certain amount of cohesive soil. Relevant instruments are specially designed for testing the adhesion of the cohesive soil, and experiments show that the adhesion of the soil is greatly reduced along with the increase of the temperature. Thewes et al (2016) noted that clay formation is likely to cake not only in clay-rich formations but also in cohesive soil-rich formations, illustrating the mechanism of caking in clay-containing formations. Gabriela et al (2018) design a special instrument for simulating shield cutter abrasion through a generalized shield tunneling model, and further explore the abrasion capacity of soil to metal blades in different improved states. In conclusion, the shear mechanical behaviors of the soil such as adhesion, abrasion and the like to the metal interface permeate the aspects of production and life and have extremely high research value. The problems of adhesion, abrasion and the like of soil to a metal cutter head in the shield construction process are closely related to the factors of basic physical mechanical properties, improvement conditions, consolidation pressure, shield propulsion speed, formation water pressure, formation temperature and the like of the soil, especially for objective conditions of the formation water pressure, the formation temperature and the like, the conditions are often objectively difficult to change artificially in the construction process, and certain necessity is provided for exploring the shearing mechanical behavior between the metal and the soil body.
The invention patent of 'a non-drainage shear strength indoor combined tester' (application publication number: CN105823691A) discloses a small-sized soil non-drainage shear strength tester, which can explore the relationship between the non-drainage shear strength of unsaturated soft soil and pressure and rotating speed. However, the invention has smaller size, is only suitable for measuring the non-drainage shear strength of fine-grained soil with the non-drainage shear strength of less than 100kpa, and cannot be suitable for measuring the shear strength of sandy soil and cobble soil. The invention can provide smaller maximum pressure and torque, has lower strength and can not adapt to the shear test under high soil pressure. Meanwhile, the influence of temperature and water pressure on the shearing mechanical property of the soil sample in the shearing process of the soil sample is not considered, the temperature is an important factor for researching the shear strength of the soil, the difference of the shear strength of the same type of soil under the same test method is very large when the temperature is different, the shear strength of the soil is known to be closely related to the water pressure condition in the soil according to the effective stress principle, and the test result is deviated from the actual condition if the influence of the water pressure is not considered in the test. The surface of the shearing disk is not provided with a temperature measuring device, the contact temperature of soil and the metal surface in the shearing test process cannot be monitored, the rotating speed of the disk is limited, and the disk can not be suitable for measuring the abrasion capacity of a soil sample to the metal disk under the condition that the disk rotates at a high rotating speed for a long time.
The invention patent 'a device for measuring clay adhesiveness and a using method thereof' (application publication No. CN106092808A) discloses a small-sized soil non-drainage shear strength tester and a using method thereof, and the invention can measure the adhesiveness of clay under different conditions of pressure, shear speed and consolidation degree. However, the invention adopts weights for pressurization, the pressurization equipment is simple, the precision is low, the pressure is difficult to control, the invention cannot adapt to the measurement of the shearing mechanical behavior of the soil with large particle size, the test working conditions of high temperature, high water pressure and the like cannot be created, and meanwhile, the invention cannot measure the abrasion capability of the soil to metal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the first technical problem of providing a comprehensive measuring device for shearing mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface, which can contain soil particles with large particle size and measure the shearing force between the metal interface and the soil body under the conditions of different soil pressures, different water heads, different temperatures and different shearing speeds.
The second technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a using method of the comprehensive measuring device for the shearing mechanical behavior between the metal interface and the soil body.
In order to solve the first technical problem, the invention provides a comprehensive measuring device for shear mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface, comprising:
the test bed is provided with a sample cavity;
the servo hydraulic loading system is arranged on the test bed and is used for applying axial load to the sample in the sample cavity;
the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing support and a hydraulic oil cylinder, the bearing support is fixed on the test bed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on a cross beam of the bearing support, a loading plate which is matched with the top of the sample cavity and is provided with a drainage exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the sample cavity, and the top end of the loading plate is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
the torsion shear system comprises a motor fixed on the bearing support beam, and a rotating shaft of the motor penetrates through the loading plate and is connected with the shear disc in the sample cavity;
the sample cavity is provided with a water pressurizing hole, a hole pressure meter, a drain hole and a heating device, and the water pressurizing hole is communicated with the steam-water exchanger through a pipeline; the shearing disc is provided with a temperature sensor, a rotating shaft of the servo motor is provided with a torque sensor and a rotating speed sensor, the side wall of the sample cavity is provided with a hole pressure meter, and a pressure sensor is arranged between a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the loading plate.
Furthermore, the rotating shaft of the servo motor and the sample cavity are coaxially arranged, so that the servo motor can provide different torsion speeds, and various test requirements are met.
The left oil cylinder and the right oil cylinder of the axial loading system are controlled by servo, and stable and balanced axial pressure can be provided.
Furthermore, the section of the sample cavity is circular, and the left oil cylinder and the right oil cylinder of the axial loading system are controlled by a servo so as to provide stable and balanced axial pressure.
Further, the motor, the hydraulic oil cylinder, the temperature sensor, the torque sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the pore pressure meter and the pressure sensor are all connected with a control system, the control system is connected with a paperless data recorder, and the temperature sensor is in wireless communication connection with the control system.
Furthermore, the diameter of the sample cavity is 720mm, the height is 500mm, and the instrument can be suitable for testing sandy soil and cobble soil.
Further, the maximum water head provided by the steam-water exchanger is 30 m.
The steam-water exchanger is connected with the upper path and the lower path of the sample cavity, so that the uniformity and stability of a water head in a sample in the test process are ensured. The steam-water exchanger is provided with a set of water heating equipment, so that high-temperature water can be directly introduced into a sample in the sample cavity, and the heating time of the sample cavity heating device for samples is greatly shortened.
The steam-water exchanger can provide water pressure with different sizes for the sample, so that the shearing mechanical behavior of the sample under the influence of effective stress can be tested.
Furthermore, the bottom of the shearing disc is provided with a guide hole, the center of the bottom of the sample cavity is fixedly provided with a centering shaft, and the free end of the centering shaft is in matched rotary connection with the guide hole.
Furthermore, the heating device is heating plates which are annularly and uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the sample cavity.
In order to solve the second technical problem, the application method of the comprehensive measuring device for the shearing mechanical behavior of the metal disc-soil interface, which is provided, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: filling a soil sample in the sample cavity, embedding the shearing disc in the soil sample, and covering the loading plate to enable the loading plate to be just contacted with the top of the sample after the soil is filled to a specified height;
step two: closing a drainage and exhaust valve on the loading plate and a drain hole at the lower part of the sample cavity, heating water in the sample cavity to a specified temperature by utilizing built-in heating equipment of the steam-water exchanger, and opening a valve between the steam-water exchanger and the sample cavity to apply a water head with a specified height to the soil sample until the water head is stable;
step three: opening a heating device to set the test temperature to be the temperature for heating the soil sample in the sample cavity to the specified temperature;
step four: starting a preset specified axial pressure of the hydraulic oil cylinder, pressurizing the soil sample through a loading plate, and ensuring the stability and balance of the pressure through a servo pressure control system in the pressurizing process;
step five: recording the descending amount of the loading plate at regular intervals until the position of the loading plate is stable, and obtaining the final compression amount h of the soil sample;
step six: initial torque M provided by controlling rotation of shearing disk by using servo motor1(ii) a Disassembling the test equipment, taking out the soil sample, repeating the first step to the fifth step, starting the servo motor to drive the shearing disc to rotate at a certain speed, and recording the rotating torque M2；
Step seven: stopping the servo motor after keeping the shearing disc to rotate for a set time, disassembling the shearing disc, recording the weight m of a soil sample adhered to the lower surface of the shearing disc, and dividing the mass m of the adhered soil by the surface area under the shearing disc to obtain the amount k of the adhered soil on the shearing disc in a unit area under a set water head H and a set temperature T, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein: k represents the amount of soil adhering to the shear disk (kg/m2), m represents the weight of soil adhering to the disk (kg), and D represents the disk diameter (m);
the test torque M2 minus the initial torque M1 is the corrected torque value M, and the adhesion strength of the shearing disc-soil interface is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: alpha represents the shear stress (Pa) between the soil and the shearing disc, M is the corrected torque value (N.m), and D is the diameter (M) of the shearing disc;
step eight: recording mass change delta m before and after shearing of the shearing disc, and dividing the change mass delta m by the sum of the upper surface area and the lower surface area of the shearing disc to calculate the unit area abrasion loss of soil on the shearing disc interface at a set water head H and a set temperature T:
wherein: q represents the amount of wear per unit area of the sheared disk by soil (g/cm2), Δ m represents the change in mass before and after shearing of the disk (g), and D represents the disk diameter (cm).
Step nine: from the force T exerted on the load plate 10, the total stress in the entire sample chamber can be calculated in combination with the area of the load plate:
wherein: σ is the total stress (Kpa) in the sample chamber, T is the axial force (Kn) applied to the load plate, and S is the area (m) of the load plate2)。
Because a certain water head is applied to the sample cavity through the steam-water exchanger 9, the effective stress borne by the sample can be calculated according to the effective stress principle:
σ’＝σ-Hγw
wherein: σ' is total stress (Kpa) in the sample cavity, σ is total stress (Kpa) in the sample cavity, H is water head height applied by the steam-water exchanger, and γwIs the water gravity (Kn/m)3)。
Step ten: and analyzing the response relation of the interfacial mechanical behavior of the soil, such as adhesion, abrasiveness and the like, under different total stress, effective stress and temperature conditions according to the test and calculation results.
Furthermore, filter paper is arranged between the soil sample and the side wall in the sample cavity, and porous plates coated with the filter paper are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the soil sample.
The device for measuring the shearing force between the metal interface and the soil body provided by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, clear concept, complete functions and easiness in operation, and can be used for measuring the shearing force between the metal interface and the soil body under the conditions of different soil pressures, different water heads, different temperatures and different shearing speeds.
The device is specially provided with a 50l capacity steam-water exchanger for controlling the test water head to feed water heads into the top and the bottom of the sample, so that the uniformity and stability of the water head in the sample are ensured, and the shearing mechanical behavior of soil under the action of effective stress is explored.
A plurality of surface type heating areas are uniformly distributed in the inner part of the sample cavity, so that the sample is guaranteed to reach the specified temperature of a test, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the shearing disc, the test temperature is monitored in real time and wirelessly transmitted, and the shearing mechanical behavior of soil under the influence of temperature can be explored.
The diameter of the sample cavity reaches 720mm, the height is 500mm, the shearing mechanical test of a sandy stratum and a pebble stratum can be realized, and the two sets of hydraulic systems of axial compression and torsional shear are high-power hydraulic systems, so that the loading and test requirements of the sample in a large-size state are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view of the apparatus for measuring clay adhesion of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the device for measuring clay adhesion of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the device for measuring clay adhesion according to the present invention.
Wherein: the test bed comprises a support frame 1, a hydraulic oil cylinder 2, a test bed 3, a test sample cavity 4, a water adding pressure hole 5, a pore pressure meter 6, a water discharging hole 7, a heating device 8, a steam-water exchanger 9, a loading plate 10, a drainage exhaust valve 11, a rotating shaft 12, a shearing disc 13, a servo motor 14 and a counter-center shaft 15.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a comprehensive determination device and method for shear mechanical behavior of a metal disc-soil interface, which are disclosed by the invention, and are described in detail in the following by combining accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the comprehensive measuring device for the shearing mechanical behavior of the metal disc-soil interface provided by the invention is characterized in that a test bed 3 is provided with a sample cavity 4, the test bed 3 is also provided with a hydraulic loading system for applying an axial load to a sample in the sample cavity, a hydraulic oil cylinder 2 is fixed on a cross beam of a bearing support 1, the top of the sample cavity is provided with a loading plate 10 which is adaptive to the sample cavity and is provided with a drainage exhaust valve 11, and the top end of the loading plate 10 is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder 2; the shearing system comprises a servo motor 14 fixed on a cross beam of the bearing support 1, and a rotating shaft 12 of the servo motor 14 penetrates through the loading plate 10 to be connected with a shearing disc 13 in the sample cavity 4; the sample cavity 4 is provided with a water adding pressure hole 5, a hole pressure meter 6, a drain hole 7 and a heating device 8, and the water adding pressure hole 5 is communicated with a steam-water exchanger 9 through a pipeline; the shearing disk 13 is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown in the figure) which can measure and record the temperature of the metal surface in real time during the shearing process of the disk. A torque sensor and a rotating speed sensor (not shown in the figure) are arranged on a rotating shaft 12 of the servo motor 14, a pore pressure meter (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the side wall of the sample cavity 4, and a pressure sensor (not shown in the figure) is arranged between a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder 2 and the loading plate 10. The servo motor, the oil hydraulic cylinder, the temperature sensor, the torque sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the pore pressure meter and the pressure sensor are all connected with the control system, wherein the temperature sensor is in wireless communication connection with the temperature sensor, and the specific wireless communication circuit is formed by the prior art, is not a key improvement point of the invention and is not described again. The control system is connected with the paperless data recorder, so that a series of measured data such as axial force, torque, rotating speed, temperature, pore pressure and the like are output paperless. The servo motor, the oil hydraulic cylinder, the torque sensor, the rotating speed sensor, the pore pressure meter and the pressure sensor are connected with the control system in a wired connection mode, and certainly, wireless connection can also be adopted, but the existing cost can be increased.
In order to prevent the shearing disk 13 from deflecting, a guide hole is formed in the bottom of the shearing disk 13, a centering shaft 15 is fixedly arranged at the center of the bottom of the sample cavity 4, and the free end of the centering shaft 15 is connected with the guide hole in a matched and rotating mode.
Specifically, the rotating shaft of the servo motor is coaxial with the sample cavity, and the cross section of the sample cavity is circular. The sample chamber has a diameter of 720mm and a height of 500 mm.
Further, the maximum water content of the steam-water exchanger 9 is 50l, a constant maximum high water head of 30m can be provided, and the steam-water exchanger can be suitable for various common tests under the high water head.
Specifically, the heating device 8 is a surface type heating plate which is annularly and uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the sample cavity, can heat the sample soil to the maximum temperature of 125 ℃, and the specific number of the surface type heating plates is 6.
The device calculates the adhesion strength of sample soil, the soil adhesion amount on the shearing disc in unit area and the abrasion amount of the shearing disc in unit area by measuring the rotating torque of the shearing disc 13, the soil mass adhered on the shearing disc 13 and the mass change of the shearing disc before and after shearing, and evaluates the shearing mechanical behavior of the metal disc-soil interface under different pressures, shearing speeds, water heads and temperatures by using the indexes.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, in the practice of the present invention, the metal disk-soil interface shear mechanics behavior is achieved by the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: soil samples in a certain state are put in the sample cavity 4 in a layered mode, the soil samples are uniformly and fully distributed on the whole section as far as possible during soil adding, the soil adding is stopped when the soil sample is half of the specified height, at the moment, a shearing disc 13 is pre-buried in the center of the soil sample, the lower portion of the shearing disc 13 is vertically fixed by a centering shaft 15, the soil is continuously filled to the specified height, and a soil sample loading plate 10 is covered to enable the soil sample loading plate to be in exact contact with the top of the sample.
Step two: and closing a drainage and exhaust valve 11 on the loading plate 10 and a drainage hole 7 at the lower part of the sample cavity 4, opening a heating device of the steam-water exchanger 9 to heat water to a specified temperature, and opening a valve between the steam-water exchanger 9 and the sample cavity 4 to apply a water head with a specified height to the soil sample in the sample cavity 4 until the water head is stable.
Step three: the heating device 8 is turned on to set the test temperature so that the soil sample in the sample chamber 4 is heated to a predetermined temperature.
Step four: and starting the bidirectional hydraulic oil cylinder 2 to preset specified axial pressure, and pressurizing and consolidating the soil sample through the loading plate 10.
Step five: and recording the descending amount of the loading plate 10 at regular intervals until the position of the loading plate is stable, and obtaining the final compression amount h of the soil sample.
Step six: the torsional shear system 14 is used for controlling the shear disk 13 to rotate to provide an initial torque M1. Disassembling the test equipment, taking out the test soil, repeating the first to fifth steps, starting the torsional shearing system 14 to drive the shearing disk 13 to rotate at a certain speed, and recording the rotating torque M in real time by using a paperless recorder2
Step seven: stopping the torsional shearing system 14 after keeping the shearing disk 13 rotating for a specified time, disassembling the shearing disk 13, recording the weight m of the soil sample adhered to the lower surface of the shearing disk, and dividing the mass m of the adhered soil by the lower surface area of the shearing disk to obtain the amount k of the adhered soil on the shearing disk per unit area under a set water head H and a set temperature T, which is as follows:
wherein: k represents the amount of soil adhering to the shear disk (kg/m2), m represents the weight of soil adhering to the lower surface of the disk (kg), and D represents the disk diameter (m).
The test torque M2 minus the initial torque M1 is the corrected torque value M, and the adhesion strength of the shearing disc-soil interface is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: α represents a shear stress (Pa) between the soil and the shear disk, M is a corrected torque value (N · M), and D is a shear disk diameter (M).
Step eight: recording mass change delta m before and after shearing of the shearing disc, and dividing the change mass delta m by the sum of the upper surface area and the lower surface area of the shearing disc to calculate the unit area abrasion loss of soil on the shearing disc interface at a set water head H and a set temperature T:
wherein: q represents the amount of wear per unit area of the sheared disk by soil (g/cm2), Δ m represents the change in mass before and after shearing of the disk (g), and D represents the disk diameter (cm).
Step nine: from the force T exerted on the load plate 10, the total stress in the entire sample chamber can be calculated in combination with the area of the load plate:
wherein: σ is the total stress (Kpa) in the sample chamber, T is the axial force (Kn) applied to the load plate, and S is the area (m) of the load plate2)。
Because a certain water head is applied to the sample cavity through the steam-water exchanger 9, the effective stress borne by the sample can be calculated according to the effective stress principle:
σ’＝σ-Hγw
wherein: σ' is total stress (Kpa) in the sample cavity, σ is total stress (Kpa) in the sample cavity, H is water head height applied by the steam-water exchanger, and γwIs the water gravity (Kn/m)3)。
Step ten: and analyzing the response relation of the interfacial mechanical behavior of the soil, such as adhesion, abrasiveness and the like, under different total stress, effective stress and temperature conditions according to the test and calculation results.
Specifically, when filling a soil sample, a layer of filter paper needs to be covered on the inner wall of the sample cavity in advance, a porous plate covered with the filter paper is placed at the bottom of the sample cavity, and after the soil sample is uniform and fills the whole circular surface of the sample cavity, a layer of filter paper needs to be covered on the top of the soil sample and the porous plate is placed.
Claims (9)
1. The use method of the comprehensive measuring device for the shearing mechanical behavior of the metal disc-soil interface is characterized in that the measuring device comprises the following steps:
the test bed is provided with a sample cavity;
the hydraulic loading system is arranged on the test bed and is used for applying axial load to the sample in the sample cavity;
the hydraulic loading system comprises a bearing support and a hydraulic oil cylinder, the bearing support is fixed on the test bed, the hydraulic oil cylinder is fixed on a cross beam of the bearing support, a loading plate which is matched with the top of the sample cavity and is provided with a drainage exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the sample cavity, and the top end of the loading plate is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder;
the shearing system comprises a servo motor fixed on the bearing support beam, and a rotating shaft of the servo motor penetrates through the loading plate and is connected with a shearing disc in the sample cavity;
the sample cavity is provided with a water pressurizing hole, a hole pressure meter, a drain hole and a heating device, and the water pressurizing hole is communicated with the steam-water exchanger through a pipeline; a temperature sensor is arranged on the shearing disc, a torque sensor and a rotating speed sensor are arranged on a rotating shaft of the servo motor, a hole pressure meter is arranged on the side wall of the sample cavity, and a pressure sensor is arranged between a piston rod of the hydraulic oil cylinder and the loading plate;
the using method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: filling a soil sample in the sample cavity, embedding the shear disc in the soil sample, and covering the shear disc on a loading plate to enable the shear disc to be just contacted with the top of the sample after the soil is filled to a specified height;
step two: closing a drainage and exhaust valve on the loading plate and a drain hole at the lower part of the sample cavity, heating water in the sample cavity to a specified temperature by utilizing built-in heating equipment of the steam-water exchanger, and opening a valve between the steam-water exchanger and the sample cavity to apply a water head with a specified height to the soil sample until the water head is stable;
step three: opening a heating device to set the test temperature to be the temperature for heating the soil sample in the sample cavity to the specified temperature;
step four: starting a preset specified axial pressure of the hydraulic oil cylinder, pressurizing the soil sample through a loading plate, and ensuring the stability and balance of the pressure through a servo pressure control system in the pressurizing process;
step five: recording the descending amount of the loading plate at regular intervals until the position of the loading plate is stable, and obtaining the final compression amount h of the soil sample;
step six: initial torque M provided by controlling rotation of shearing disk by using servo motor1(ii) a Disassembling the test equipment, taking out the soil sample, repeating the first step to the fifth step, starting the servo motor to drive the shearing disc to rotate at a certain speed, and recording the rotating torque M2；
Step seven: stopping the servo motor after keeping the shearing disc to rotate for a set time, disassembling the shearing disc, recording the weight m of a soil sample adhered to the lower surface of the shearing disc, and dividing the mass m of the adhered soil by the surface area under the shearing disc to obtain the amount k of the adhered soil on the shearing disc in a unit area under a set water head H and a set temperature T, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein: k represents the amount of adhesion of soil to the shear disk (kg/m)2) M represents the weight (kg) of the soil adhered to the disc, and D represents the diameter (m) of the disc;
the test torque M2 minus the initial torque M1 is the corrected torque value M, and the adhesion strength of the shearing disc-soil interface is calculated according to the following formula:
wherein: alpha represents the shear stress (Pa) between the soil and the shearing disc, M is the corrected torque value (N.m), and D is the diameter (M) of the shearing disc;
step eight: recording mass change delta m before and after shearing of the shearing disc, and dividing the change mass delta m by the sum of the upper surface area and the lower surface area of the shearing disc to calculate the unit area abrasion loss of soil on the shearing disc interface at a set water head H and a set temperature T:
wherein: q represents the amount of wear per unit area (g/cm) of soil to the shear disk2) Δ m represents the mass change (g) before and after the disk shearing, and D represents the disk diameter (cm);
step nine: from the force T exerted on the load plate, the total stress in the entire sample chamber can be calculated in combination with the area of the load plate:
wherein: σ is the total stress (Kpa) in the sample chamber, T is the axial force (Kn) applied to the load plate, and S is the area (m) of the load plate2)；
Because a certain water head is applied to the sample cavity through the steam-water exchanger, the effective stress borne by the sample is calculated according to the effective stress principle:
σ’＝σ-Hγw
wherein: sigma is total stress (Kpa) in the sample cavity, H is water head height applied by the steam-water exchanger, and gammawIs the water gravity (Kn/m)3)；
Step ten: and analyzing the response relation of the adhesiveness and the abrasiveness under different total stress, effective stress and temperature conditions according to the test and calculation results.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and filter paper is arranged between the soil sample and the inner side wall of the sample cavity, and porous plates coated with the filter paper are respectively arranged at the top and the bottom of the soil sample.
3. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the rotating shaft of the servo motor is coaxial with the sample cavity.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross-section of the sample chamber is circular.
5. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: servo motor, hydraulic cylinder, temperature sensor, torque sensor, speed sensor, pore pressure meter and pressure sensor all are connected with control system, control system is connected with paperless data record appearance, wherein, temperature sensor with control system wireless communication connects.
6. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the diameter of sample chamber is 720mm, and highly is 500mm, and the instrument can adapt to the test to sand soil and big cobble soil.
7. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the maximum head provided by the steam-water exchanger is 30 m.
8. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom of the shearing disc is provided with a guide hole, the center of the bottom of the sample cavity is fixedly provided with a centering shaft, and the free end of the centering shaft is in matched rotary connection with the guide hole.
9. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating device is heating plates which are annularly and uniformly distributed on the inner side wall of the sample cavity.
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| CN201811618826.9A CN109856001B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Comprehensive determination device for shearing mechanical behavior of metal disc-soil interface and use method |
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| CN109856001B true CN109856001B (en) | 2021-11-26 |
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