CN109855924B - On-line detection system for severe environment aerosol - Google Patents
On-line detection system for severe environment aerosol Download PDFInfo
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- CN109855924B CN109855924B CN201910158635.7A CN201910158635A CN109855924B CN 109855924 B CN109855924 B CN 109855924B CN 201910158635 A CN201910158635 A CN 201910158635A CN 109855924 B CN109855924 B CN 109855924B
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Abstract
An on-line harsh environment aerosol detection system comprising: aerosol sampling mechanism, at least one-level cooling diluting device, on-line measuring device, rearmounted flow measurement controlling means and the waste gas collection device that connects gradually, wherein: the aerosol sampling mechanism is arranged in a pressure container of gas to be measured, gas to be measured is extracted and is conveyed to the cooling dilution device, the cooling dilution device is used for mixing the gas to be measured and the temperature, the pressure is lower, the diluent gas without particles is mixed in a dilution cavity for cooling and depressurization, the online measurement device is used for extracting the gas to be measured and performing online detection through a sampling probe in the dilution cavity, the postposition flow measurement control device is used for controlling the extraction flow and enabling the gas after measurement to enter the waste gas collection device through a ventilation pipeline, and then the measurement is completed. The invention has low maintenance cost and can realize long-term on-line measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology in the field of nuclear power production safety, in particular to a real-time online detection system for aerosol in a harsh environment, wherein the temperature is 100-200 ℃, the pressure is 1-10 bar, and the steam concentration is 1-95%.
Background
The aerosol measurement technology is commonly used in the nuclear energy field for detecting the solubility distribution and the change condition of the aerosol in the containment vessel of the reactor so as to judge whether radioactive fission products leak or not, thereby ensuring the safety of the reactor. The environment in the containment vessel of the reactor is different from the ordinary atmospheric environment, and particularly under the accident condition, a large amount of aerosol is released into the containment vessel along with high-temperature and high-pressure steam through a pipeline, so that the aerosol in the containment vessel has the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high humidity. Most of the existing aerosol measurement means for high temperature and high pressure are off-line measurement. The specific method comprises the following steps: the sampling mechanism extracts a sample at a constant speed through the constant-speed sampling probe, the sampled gas firstly passes through the film filter which can resist high temperature and high pressure to adsorb aerosol, then passes through the devices such as the pore plate, the needle valve, the heat exchanger, the condensed water tank, the moisture separator and the like to further remove moisture and reduce pressure and temperature, and then the flow meters are respectively used for measuring the content of each component, thereby measuring the concentration of the aerosol. The prior art has the defects of more related structures, higher requirements on the characteristics of the filter membrane, complex operation and incapability of realizing real-time online detection of aerosol in the containment vessel under accident conditions. Due to the characteristics of high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor concentration of the aerosol in the nuclear power plant, particularly the existence of water vapor, the error of the direct online measurement of the extracted aerosol by the online measurement device in the market at present is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a real-time online detection system for the aerosol in the harsh environment, which has the advantages of simple structure and low maintenance cost and can realize long-term real-time online measurement.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention comprises the following steps: aerosol sampling mechanism, at least one-level cooling diluting device, on-line measuring device, rearmounted flow measurement controlling means and the waste gas collection device that connects gradually, wherein: the aerosol sampling mechanism is arranged in a pressure container of gas to be measured, gas to be measured is extracted and is conveyed to the cooling dilution device, the cooling dilution device is used for mixing the gas to be measured and the temperature, the pressure is lower, the diluent gas without particles is mixed in a dilution cavity for cooling and depressurization, the online measurement device is used for extracting the gas to be measured and performing online detection through a sampling probe in the dilution cavity, the postposition flow measurement control device is used for controlling the extraction flow and enabling the gas after measurement to enter the waste gas collection device through a ventilation pipeline, and then the measurement is completed.
The aerosol sampling mechanism is communicated with the cooling and diluting device through a vent pipeline, and a ball valve is arranged in the middle of the aerosol sampling mechanism.
The temperature and pressure reduction process is characterized in that in the dilution process, the temperature is reduced, the partial pressure of the water vapor is reduced, and the condensation temperature of the water vapor is reduced, so that the water vapor can not be condensed in the temperature reduction process.
The aerosol sampling mechanism is a probe which is arranged in the pressure container and has a horn-mouth-shaped structure, and the diameter of the front end of the probe is as small as possible so as to reduce the influence of sampling on the aerosol distribution in the pressure container.
The vent line on be provided with and be used for the pipeline to preheat and the heating heat preservation device of gaseous heating, guarantee that the vapor in the aerosol gas before the measurement can not condense.
The cooling diluting device comprises: at least one that links to each other in proper order has dilution chamber, governing valve, feedback control module, is used for detecting flowmeter, dilution stop valve and the gas bomb of flow value, wherein: the diluent gas flows out from the high-pressure gas storage bottle, the flow value is measured through the flowmeter, the flow signal is transmitted to the feedback adjusting module, whether the gas flow is a preset value or not is judged, the feedback adjusting module sends a regulating signal to control the opening degree of the adjusting valve, and the stability of the diluent gas flow is guaranteed.
The cooling and diluting devices are sequentially connected and are realized through an air duct, and a heating and heat-preserving device for preheating diluting gas is arranged on the air duct.
The dilution chamber is internally provided with a sampling probe for extracting gas to be measured after dilution and temperature reduction, the spiral baffle is specifically positioned on the outer pipe wall of the ventilation pipeline behind the probe and in the dilution chamber, the highest part of the spiral baffle is tightly attached to the inner wall surface of the dilution chamber, and preheated dilution gas enters the dilution cavity through the spiral flow channel.
The at least one stage is as follows: the cooling and diluting device can be arranged in a single stage or in series in two or more stages.
The rear flow measurement control device comprises: consecutive flowmeter, governing valve and flow control module, wherein: the flow of the gas after being extracted, diluted and cooled is measured by the flowmeter in real time, and a flow signal is transmitted to the flow regulating module, and the flow regulating module controls the opening of the regulating valve by judging whether the gas flow is within a preset range or not so as to ensure the stability of the gas flow.
The rear exhaust gas collecting device comprises: back end stop valve, vacuum pump, bypass stop valve, waste gas collecting box, wherein: the waste gas collecting box is connected with the output end of the rear flow measurement and control device through the rear stop valve and the vacuum pump, a bypass stop valve is further arranged between the rear flow measurement and control device and the waste gas collecting box, under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, the high-pressure environment in the container can be used as driving force to force aerosol gas into the measuring system, so that the vacuum pump and the rear stop valve are closed, and the bypass stop valve is opened.
Technical effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize the quantitative extraction and pressure reduction of the aerosol gas by the quantitative control of the diluent gas and the flow control of the post-positioned flow measurement control system in the whole pipeline; the upper limit of the temperature of the measurable aerosol of the system is greatly improved by adopting a multi-stage dilution cooling method; the aerosol with high temperature, high pressure and high water vapor concentration is cooled and depressurized in a dilution mode, and then the concentration and particle size distribution are measured by adopting a normal-temperature normal-pressure online measuring device, so that the long-term online monitoring of the aerosol in a harsh environment is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the inside of the diluting chamber;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a heating and insulating device of the air duct;
FIG. 4 is a schematic layout of a two-stage temperature-reducing dilution device;
FIG. 5 is a work flow diagram;
in the figure: 1 pressure vessel, 2 vent pipes, 3 sampling probes, 4 front segment stop valves, 5 heating and heat preservation devices, 6 cooling and diluting devices, 601 first-stage diluting chambers, 602 first-stage regulating valves, 603 first-stage flow meters, 604 first-stage feedback regulating modules, 605 dilution stop valves, 606 high-pressure gas storage bottles, 607 spiral retaining sheets, 608 first-stage sampling heads, 7 front end connecting flanges, 8 rear end connecting flanges, 9 normal temperature and normal pressure particle size spectrometers, 10 network display modules, 11 flow meters, 12 regulating valves, 13 feedback regulating modules, 14 rear segment stop valves, 15 vacuum pumps, 16 bypass stop valves, 17 waste gas collecting boxes, 18 heat exchangers, 19 multi-stage dilution connecting flanges, 501 electric heating wires, 502 heat preservation cotton, 503 thermometers, 504 regulators, 505 electric controllers, 6a first-stage cooling and diluting devices, 6b second-stage cooling and diluting devices, 611 second-stage diluting chambers, 612 second-stage regulating valves, 613 second-stage flow meters, 614 secondary feedback adjusting module, 615 dilution stop valve, 616 high pressure gas storage bottle, 617 spiral baffle plate and 61 secondary sampling head.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the real-time online detection system for detecting high-water-vapor-solubility aerosol gas under two conditions of high temperature, high pressure, and high temperature and normal pressure according to the present embodiment includes: aerosol sampling mechanism, cooling diluting device, on-line measuring device, rearmounted flow measurement controlling means, the waste gas collection device that connects gradually, wherein: the aerosol sampling mechanism is arranged in the pressure container, and the extracted gas to be detected is extracted out of the container through the ventilation pipeline and enters the cooling and diluting device; the aerosol sampling mechanism is communicated with the cooling and diluting device through a vent pipeline, and a ball valve is arranged in the middle of the aerosol sampling mechanism; mixing the gas to be measured entering the cooling dilution device with the diluent gas which is low in temperature, low in pressure and free of particles in the dilution cavity, and cooling and depressurizing; in the dilution process, the partial pressure of the water vapor is reduced while the temperature is reduced, and the condensation temperature of the water vapor is reduced, so that the water vapor cannot be condensed in the temperature reduction process; the gas to be measured after diluting a certain multiple is extracted to the on-line measuring device through the sampling probe inside the diluting cavity, the extracted flow is controlled by the rear flow measurement control device, and the gas after measurement enters the waste gas collecting device through the ventilation pipeline, so that the measurement is completed.
The sampling function of the sampling mechanism is realized through the sampling probe 3, and the sampling probe 3 is connected with the cooling and diluting device 6 through the vent pipe 4.
As shown in fig. 2, the sampling probe 3 has a bell-mouth-shaped structure with a small front and a large rear, and the sampling probe should be as small as possible to reduce the influence on the flow field of the gas to be extracted during the sampling process.
The vent pipe line 2 is provided with a heating and heat-insulating device 5 for preheating a pipeline and heating gas, so that the water vapor in the aerosol gas before measurement can not be condensed.
As shown in fig. 3, the heating and heat-preserving device 5 includes: an electric heating wire 501, heat preservation cotton 502, a thermometer 503, a regulator 504 and an electric controller 505.
The thermometer 503 is arranged inside the ventilation pipeline close to the wall surface and is used for measuring the temperature of the gas in the pipeline and transmitting a temperature signal to the regulator 504 through a line; the regulator 504 regulates the current through the line control power controller 505, so as to regulate the heating power of the electric heating wire 501, and further realize the heating and temperature control of the pipeline.
Preferably, the regulator 504 can be a PID regulator.
In order to prevent heat loss, the electric heating wire 501 is wrapped by heat insulation cotton 502.
Sampling mechanism and cooling diluting device between be equipped with anterior segment stop valve 4 for guarantee pressure vessel's integrality before the measurement.
As shown in fig. 2, the temperature-reducing dilution device 6 includes: at least one primary dilution chamber 601 with spiral retaining piece 607, primary regulating valve 602, primary flowmeter 603, dilution stop valve 605 and high-pressure gas bomb 606 that link to each other in proper order, wherein: a primary feedback adjusting module 604 is further arranged between the primary flowmeter 603 and the primary adjusting valve 602, the diluent gas flows out from the high-pressure gas storage cylinder, the flow value is measured by the primary flowmeter 603, and the flow signal is transmitted to the primary feedback adjusting module 604, so as to judge whether the gas flow is a preset value, and the primary feedback adjusting module 604 sends a regulating signal to control the opening of the primary adjusting valve 602, so as to ensure the stability of the diluent gas flow.
The high-pressure gas cylinder 606 is filled with a single diluent gas or a mixed diluent gas which does not contain solid particles and water vapor, and the pressure of the high-pressure gas cylinder 606 is higher than the pressure in the diluent chamber.
The dilution chamber 601 is provided with a primary sampling probe 608 for extracting the diluted and cooled gas to be measured.
The spiral baffle 607 is arranged on the outer pipe wall of the vent pipe 2 in the dilution chamber, the highest part of the spiral baffle is tightly attached to the inner wall surface of the dilution chamber 601, and the preheated dilution gas enters the dilution chamber through a spiral flow passage.
The front end and the rear end of the cooling dilution device 6 are communicated with an air duct through a front end connecting flange 7 and a rear end connecting flange 8.
Because some gas to be measured have higher water vapor content and higher temperature, the gas temperature is still difficult to reduce to the range that the particle size spectrometer can measure through once dilution, so the cooling and diluting device can be arranged in a single stage or in series in two stages or multiple stages.
The two-stage temperature reduction and dilution device is shown in fig. 4, and adjacent two-stage temperature reduction and dilution devices 6a and 6b are connected with flanges through 19 stages of dilution.
The on-line measuring device comprises: the normal temperature and pressure particle size spectrometer 9 is used for measuring the solubility and the particle size distribution of the aerosol, and the network display module 10 is connected with the normal temperature and pressure particle size spectrometer 9, the normal temperature and pressure particle size spectrometer 9 can measure the solubility and the particle size distribution of the aerosol at the temperature of 1-70 ℃ and the pressure of about 1 atmosphere in real time, and can output the measurement result to the network display module to display and upload the measurement result to a network in real time.
The rear flow measurement control device comprises: a flow meter 11 and a regulating valve 12 in series, wherein: a flow regulating module 13 is arranged between the flowmeter 11 and the regulating valve 12, the measured gas is measured by the flowmeter 11 in real time to measure the flow, and a flow signal is transmitted to the flow regulating module 13, so that whether the gas flow is within a preset range or not is judged, the flow regulating module 13 sends a regulating signal to control the opening degree of the regulating valve 12, and the stability of the gas flow is further ensured.
Further, the flow rate adjusting module 13 controls the flow rate through a PIC control mode to stabilize the extraction flow rate.
The rear exhaust gas collecting device comprises: back end stop valve 14, vacuum pump 15, bypass stop valve 16, waste gas collecting box 17, heat exchanger 18, wherein: the waste gas collecting box 17 is connected with the output end of the rear flow measurement control device through a rear stop valve 14 and a vacuum pump 15, and a bypass stop valve 16 is further arranged between the rear flow measurement control device and the waste gas collecting box 17.
As shown in fig. 5, the present embodiment relates to a detection method of the above system, including: high-temperature high-pressure detection and high-temperature normal-pressure detection.
The high-temperature and high-pressure detection specifically comprises the following steps: the aerosol enters the system from the sampling head 3, isothermal depressurization is realized in the vent pipe line 2, the temperature is kept continuously, then high-temperature low-pressure aerosol gas enters the cooling and diluting device 6, a large amount of diluent gas with lower temperature and aerosol gas are mixed in the diluting chamber 601, and the aerosol gas to be measured is diluted and cooled. Since the gas is diluted, the partial pressure of the water vapor is reduced, and the condensation temperature of the water vapor is reduced, the water vapor is not condensed. Preferably, the dilution gas may be high pressure nitrogen; the flow rate of the dilution gas is controlled by mutual adjustment of the primary regulating valve 602, the primary flow meter 603, and the primary feedback regulating module 604. The diluted and cooled aerosol gas to be measured enters a normal temperature and normal pressure particle size spectrometer 9 for measurement, measurement data are transmitted to a network display module 10 connected with the normal temperature and normal pressure particle size spectrometer 9, and heat preservation is carried out on the normal temperature and normal pressure particle size spectrometer 9. The measured aerosol gas is measured by the flowmeter 11 in real time, and a flow signal is transmitted to the flow regulating module 13, so that whether the gas flow is within a preset range is judged, and a regulating signal is sent out to control the opening degree of the regulating valve 12, so that the stability of the gas flow is ensured.
Preferably, the flow rate adjusting module 13 controls the flow rate through a PIC control mode to stabilize the extraction flow rate. Dilution of aerosolsThe dilution factor, by which the extracted flow is stabilized by defining the flow of the dilution gas and by controlling the flow of the flowmeter 11, is:
wherein: n is the dilution multiple of the aerosol; q1 is an indication of the primary flow meter 603; q2 is an indication of flow meter 11. The gas passing through the post-flow measurement control device enters the waste gas collection tank 17 through the bypass cut-off valve 16.
The high-temperature normal-pressure detection specifically comprises the following steps: under the conditions of high temperature and normal pressure, the normal pressure environment in the container is not enough to drive the aerosol gas in the container to enter the measuring system, so that the vacuum pump 15 and the rear section stop valve 14 are opened, and the bypass stop valve 16 is closed. The working process of the following system is consistent with the working process under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure.
The foregoing embodiments may be modified in many different ways by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and all changes that come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. An on-line harsh environment aerosol detection system, comprising: aerosol sampling mechanism, at least one-level cooling diluting device, on-line measuring device, rearmounted flow measurement controlling means and the waste gas collection device that connects gradually, wherein: the aerosol sampling mechanism is arranged in a pressure container of gas to be measured to extract the gas to be measured and convey the gas to the cooling and diluting device, the cooling and diluting device mixes the gas to be measured and diluent gas with low temperature, low pressure and no particles in a diluting cavity to carry out cooling and depressurization, the online measuring device extracts the gas to be measured through a sampling probe in the diluting cavity and carries out online detection, the postpositive flow measurement control device controls the extraction flow and enables the measured gas to enter the waste gas collecting device through a ventilation pipeline, and then measurement is completed;
the cooling diluting device comprises: at least one that links to each other in proper order has dilution chamber, governing valve, feedback control module, is used for detecting flowmeter, dilution stop valve and the gas bomb of flow value, wherein: the diluent gas flows out of the high-pressure gas storage bottle, the flow value is measured through the flowmeter, the flow signal is transmitted to the feedback adjusting module, whether the gas flow is a preset value or not is further judged, the feedback adjusting module sends a regulating signal to control the opening of the adjusting valve, and the stability of the diluent gas flow is further ensured;
the dilution chamber is internally provided with a sampling probe for extracting gas to be measured after dilution and temperature reduction, the spiral baffle is specifically positioned on the outer pipe wall of the ventilation pipeline behind the probe and in the dilution chamber, the highest part of the spiral baffle is tightly attached to the inner wall surface of the dilution chamber, and preheated dilution gas enters the dilution cavity through the spiral flow channel.
2. The on-line detection system of claim 1, wherein the aerosol sampling mechanism is a probe with a bell-mouth-shaped structure arranged in the pressure vessel, and the diameter of the front end of the probe is as small as possible so as to reduce the influence of sampling on the aerosol distribution in the pressure vessel;
the vent line on be provided with and be used for the pipeline to preheat and the heating heat preservation device of gaseous heating, guarantee that the vapor in the aerosol gas before the measurement can not condense.
3. The on-line detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gas cylinder is a high pressure gas cylinder having a pressure greater than the pressure in the dilution chamber.
4. The on-line detection system of claim 1, wherein the at least one stage is: the cooling and diluting device can be arranged in a single stage or in series in two or more stages.
5. The on-line measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the on-line measuring device comprises: the particle size spectrometer is used for measuring the solubility and the particle size distribution of the aerosol at normal temperature, normal pressure and low humidity, and the network display module connected with the particle size spectrometer is used for outputting the measurement result to the network display module in real time so as to display the measurement result in real time and output the measurement result to the network.
6. The on-line measuring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said post-flow measurement control means comprises: consecutive flowmeter, governing valve and flow control module, wherein: the flow of the gas after being extracted, diluted and cooled is measured by the flowmeter in real time, and a flow signal is transmitted to the flow regulating module, and the flow regulating module controls the opening of the regulating valve by judging whether the gas flow is within a preset range or not so as to ensure the stability of the gas flow.
7. The on-line detection system of claim 1, wherein the feedback regulation module is controlled by PIC control to stabilize the extraction flow rate.
8. The on-line monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said post-exhaust gas collecting means comprises: back end stop valve, vacuum pump, bypass stop valve, waste gas collecting box, wherein: the waste gas collecting box is connected with the output end of the rear flow measurement and control device through the rear stop valve and the vacuum pump, a bypass stop valve is further arranged between the rear flow measurement and control device and the waste gas collecting box, under the condition of high temperature and high pressure, the high-pressure environment in the container can be used as driving force to force aerosol gas into the measuring system, so that the vacuum pump and the rear stop valve are closed, and the bypass stop valve is opened.
9. A method of testing based on the system of any preceding claim, comprising high temperature and high pressure testing and high temperature and normal pressure testing.
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| CN112781969A (en) * | 2019-11-06 | 2021-05-11 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Gas dilution device and method for online monitoring |
| CN111103144B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-09-10 | 中国北方发动机研究所(天津) | Evaporation amount testing device |
| CN111474083B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2023-09-12 | 中国计量大学 | Detection device for condensation growth of tiny particles in aerosol |
| CN111812002A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-23 | 上海交通大学 | Small flow aerosol measuring method |
| CN112763275A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-05-07 | 清华大学 | Carbon film containing device for sampling particulate matters |
| CN114184434A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Portable aerosol particle sampling device for nuclear power |
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