CN109855924A - The on-line detecting system of harsh environment aerosol - Google Patents
The on-line detecting system of harsh environment aerosol Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of on-line detecting system of harsh environment aerosol, it include: sequentially connected sampling of aerosol mechanism, at least one level cooling dilution device, on-line measurement device, postposition flow measurement control device and waste gas collection device, wherein: sampling of aerosol mechanism, which is set in the pressure vessel of under test gas, to be extracted under test gas and is delivered to cooling dilution device, the dilution device that cools down is lower with temperature by under test gas, pressure is lower, diluent gas without particle mixes in dilution chamber carries out decrease temperature and pressure, on-line measurement device extracts under test gas and on-line checking by the sampling probe inside dilution chamber, the control of postposition flow measurement control device extracts flow and the gas being measured is entered waste gas collection device by ventilation pipe, and then complete measurement.Maintenance cost of the present invention is low, it can be achieved that long-term on-line measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology in nuclear power production safety field, specifically a kind of temperature 100~200 DEG C it
Between, pressure is between 1~10bar, the real-time online detection system of harsh environment aerosol of the vapour concentration between 1%~95%
System.
Background technique
Gasoloid technology nuclear energy field be usually used in detect reactor containment vessel in aerosol solubility distribution and
Situation of change is to judge whether active fission product leakage, to guarantee reactor safety.In reactor containment vessel
Environment is different under normal atmospheric conditions, especially emergency conditions, and a large amount of aerosols are released with high-temperature high-pressure steam by pipeline
It is put into containment, causes the aerosol of containment that there is high temperature, high pressure, the characteristic of high humility.Existing high temperature and pressure gas is molten
Glue measurement means are mostly off-line measurement.Method particularly includes: sampling mechanism extracts sample by isokinetic sampling's probe constant speed, samples gas
Body first passes through the high-temperature and high-presure resistent membrane filter absorption aerosol of energy, then by orifice plate, needle-valve, heat exchanger and condensation
The equipment such as water pot, water-separator, and then remove moisture removal and reduce pressure and temperature, then each group is measured with flowmeter respectively
The content divided, and then measure the concentration of aerosol.The structure that the prior art is related to is more, higher to the characteristic requirements of filter membrane, behaviour
Make complexity, cannot achieve the real-time online detection of aerosol in containment under emergency conditions.Due to the high temperature of nuclear power plant's aerosol,
The presence of the characteristic of high pressure, high water vapor concentration, especially vapor causes the on-line measurement device of current market to extraction
The error that aerosol directly carries out on-line measurement is larger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention In view of the above shortcomings of the prior art, proposes a kind of real-time online detection of harsh environment aerosol
System, structure is simple, and maintenance cost is low, it can be achieved that long-term real-time online measuring.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention includes: sequentially connected sampling of aerosol mechanism, at least one level cooling dilution device, on-line measurement dress
It sets, postposition flow measurement control device and waste gas collection device, in which: sampling of aerosol mechanism is set to the pressure of under test gas
Under test gas is extracted in container and is delivered to cooling dilution device, cooling dilution device lower, pressure by under test gas and temperature
Diluent gas lower, without particle mixes in dilution chamber carries out decrease temperature and pressure, and on-line measurement device passes through inside dilution chamber
Sampling probe extract under test gas and on-line checking, the control of postposition flow measurement control device is extracted flow and will be simultaneously measured
Gas waste gas collection device is entered by ventilation pipe, and then complete measurement.
The sampling of aerosol mechanism is connected to cooling dilution device by ventilation pipe, and centre is equipped with spherical valve.
The decrease temperature and pressure, since in dilution, while reducing, the partial pressure of water vapour is also reducing temperature,
The adiabatic condensation temperature of vapor is reducing, so vapor can't coagulate in temperature-fall period.
The sampling of aerosol mechanism is the probe of a bell mouth shape structure being set in pressure vessel, before probe
End diameter answers influence as small as possible, with reduction sampling to aerosol extinction in pressure vessel.
It is provided with the heating and heat-insulating device for pipeline preheating and gas heating in the ventilation line, guarantees measurement
The vapor in aerosol gas before will not condense.
The cooling dilution device include: be sequentially connected at least one with the dilution chamber of spiral baffle, regulating valve,
Feedback regulation module, flowmeter, dilution shut-off valve and storage cylinder for detection stream magnitude, in which: diluent gas is stored up from high pressure
It is flowed out at gas cylinder, passes to feedback regulation module by flow measurement outflow value, and by flow signal, and then judge gas stream
Whether amount is predetermined value, and feedback regulation module issues the aperture that adjustment signal controls to adjust valve, and then guarantees diluting gas flow
Stabilization.
Being sequentially connected in the cooling dilution device, is realized by ventilation pipe, which is equipped with and is used for
Preheat the heating and heat-insulating device of diluent gas.
The sampling probe for extracting the under test gas after dilution cools down is equipped in the dilution chamber, spiral baffle is specific
After probe, on the outer tube wall of the indoor ventilation pipe of dilution, highest point is close to the inner wall of dilution chamber, after being preheated
Diluent gas enters dilution chamber by spiral helicine runner.
At least one level refers to: cooling dilution device can be arranged with single-stage also with two-stage or plural serial stage cloth
It sets.
The postposition flow measurement control device includes: the flowmeter being sequentially connected, regulating valve and flow adjustment module,
Wherein: the gas after extracting dilution cooling measures flow by flowmeter in real time, and flow signal is passed to flow adjustment module,
Flow adjustment module, which passes through, judges whether gas flow issues the aperture that adjustment signal controls to adjust valve within preset range, into
And guarantee the stabilization of gas flow.
The postposition waste gas collection device includes: back segment shut-off valve, vacuum pump, bypasses shut-off valve, waste gas collection box,
In: waste gas collection box is connected by back segment shut-off valve and vacuum pump with the output end of postposition flow measurement control device, postposition stream
It measures and is further provided with bypass shut-off valve between amount control device and waste gas collection box, under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, in container
Hyperbaric environment can be used as driving force, and aerosol gas is forced to be entered in measuring system, so vacuum pump, back segment shut-off valve close
It closes, bypass shut-off valve is opened.
Technical effect
Compared with prior art, the present invention passes through the quantitative control and postposition flow measurement control system to diluent gas
To the flow control in entire pipeline, the quantitative extraction and decompression of aerosol gas may be implemented；By using Multi-stage dilution
The method of cooling, the system of greatly improving can survey the temperature upper limit of aerosol；By to high temperature and pressure high water vapor concentration
Aerosol decrease temperature and pressure is carried out in a manner of diluted, concentration and partial size are carried out using normal temperature and pressure on-line measurement device again later
Distribution measuring realizes the long-term on-line monitoring of the aerosol under harsh environment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is schematic structural view of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram inside dilution chamber；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the heating and heat-insulating device of ventilation pipe；
Fig. 4 is the arrangement schematic diagram of two-stage cooling dilution device；
Fig. 5 is work flow diagram；
In figure: 1 pressure vessel, 2 ventilation pipes, 3 sampling probes, 4 leading portion shut-off valves, 5 heating and heat-insulating devices, 6 coolings are dilute
Release device, 601 level-one dilution chamber, 602 level-one regulating valves, 603 level-one flowmeters, 604 first order feed-back adjustment modules, 605 dilutions
Shut-off valve, 606 high-pressure gas cylinders, 607 spiral baffles, 608 level-one sampling heads, 7 front end connecting flanges, 8 rear end connecting flanges, 9
Normal temperature and pressure partial size spectrometer, 10 network display modules, 11 flowmeters, 12 regulating valves, 13 feedback regulation modules, the cut-off of 14 back segments
Valve, 15 vacuum pumps, 16 bypass shut-off valves, 17 waste gas collection box, 18 heat exchangers, 19 Multi-stage dilution connecting flanges, 501 electric heating
Silk, 502 heat-preservation cottons, 503 thermometers, 504 adjusters, 505 electric power controllers, 6a level-one cooling dilution device, the cooling of 6b second level
It is dilution device, 611 secondary dilution rooms, 612 second level regulating valves, 613 secondary streams meters, 614 second level feedback regulation modules, 615 dilute
Release shut-off valve, 616 high-pressure gas cylinders, 617 spiral baffles, 61 second level sampling heads.
Specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, being able to detect in the case of high temperature and pressure and two kinds of high-temperature pressure for one kind that the present embodiment is related to
High water vapor solubility aerosol gas real-time online detection system, comprising: sequentially connected sampling of aerosol mechanism, cooling
Dilution device, on-line measurement device, postposition flow measurement control device, waste gas collection device, in which: sampling of aerosol mechanism is set
It is placed in pressure vessel, container out is extracted the under test gas of extraction by ventilation pipe, into cooling dilution device；Aerosol is adopted
Model machine structure is connected to cooling dilution device by ventilation pipe, and centre is equipped with spherical valve；Into the gas to be measured of cooling dilution device
Body with temperature is lower, pressure is lower, the diluent gas without particle mixes in dilution chamber, carry out decrease temperature and pressure；Due to dilution
In the process, while reducing, the partial pressure of water vapour is also reducing temperature, and the adiabatic condensation temperature of vapor is reducing, so, water steams
Gas can't coagulate in temperature-fall period；Under test gas after diluting certain multiple is visited by the sampling inside dilution chamber
Head is drawn into on-line measurement device, and the flow of extraction is controlled by postposition flow measurement control device, and the gas being measured is logical
It crosses ventilation pipe and enters waste gas collection device, and then complete measurement.
The sampling functions of the sampling mechanism realize that sampling probe 3 passes through ventilation pipe 4 and drop by sampling probe 3
Warm dilution device 6 is connected.
As shown in Fig. 2, the sampling probe 3 be pre-small post-large bell mouth shape structure, sampling head answer it is as small as possible, with
Reduce influence of the sampling process to the flow field of gas to be extracted.
It is provided with heating and heat-insulating device 5 in the ventilation line 2, for pipeline preheating and gas heating, guarantees to survey
The vapor in aerosol gas before amount will not condense.
As shown in figure 3, the heating and heat-insulating device 5 includes: electric heating wire 501, heat-preservation cotton 502, thermometer 503, adjusts
Save device 504, electric power controller 505.
The thermometer 503 is arranged in inside ventilation pipe near wall, for measuring the temperature of gas in pipelines,
And temperature signal is passed into adjuster 504 by route；The adjuster 504 controls electric power controller 505 by route,
Electric current is adjusted, and then adjusts the heating power of the electric heating wire 501, and then realizes the heating and temperature control of pipeline.
Preferably, PID regulator can be used in the adjuster 504.
Heat loss in order to prevent, the electric heating wire 501 are wrapped with heat-preservation cotton 502.
It is equipped with leading portion shut-off valve 4 between the sampling mechanism and cooling dilution device, for guaranteeing pressure before measuring
The integrality of container.
As shown in Fig. 2, the cooling dilution device 6 includes: that at least one being sequentially connected has spiral baffle 607
Level-one dilution chamber 601, level-one regulating valve 602, level-one flowmeter 603, dilution shut-off valve 605 and high-pressure gas cylinder 606, in which:
It is further provided with first order feed-back adjustment module 604 between level-one flowmeter 603 and level-one regulating valve 602, diluent gas is from high pressure
It is flowed out at storage cylinder, flow value is measured by level-one flowmeter 603, and flow signal is passed into first order feed-back adjustment module
604, and then judge whether gas flow is predetermined value, first order feed-back adjustment module 604 issues adjustment signal control level-one and adjusts
The aperture of valve 602, and then guarantee the stabilization of diluting gas flow.
The high-pressure gas cylinder 606 is provided with without solid particle, not steam-laden single diluent gas or mixing
The pressure of diluent gas, the high-pressure gas cylinder 606 should be greater than the pressure in dilution chamber.
Level-one sampling probe 608 is equipped in the dilution chamber 601, for extracting the under test gas after dilution cools down.
The spiral baffle 607 is arranged on the outer tube wall for diluting indoor ventilation pipe 2, described in highest point abutting
Dilution chamber 601 inner wall, the diluent gas after being preheated enters dilution chamber by spiral helicine runner.
6 rear and front end of cooling dilution device passes through front end connecting flange 7, rear end connecting flange 8 and ventilation pipe
Connection.
Since some under test gas water vapour contents are higher, temperature is higher, only still it is difficult to by once diluting by gas temperature
Degree is down to the range that partial size spectrometer can measure, thus the cooling dilution device can both have been arranged with single-stage and with two-stage or
Person's plural serial stage arrangement.
Two-stage cool down dilution device as shown in figure 4, adjacent two-stage cool down dilution device 6a, 6b by 19 Multi-stage dilution connection methods
It is blue.
The on-line measurement device includes: the normal temperature and pressure partial size spectrometer for measuring aerosol solubility and particle diameter distribution
9 and the network display module 10 that is attached thereto, the normal temperature and pressure partial size spectrometer 9 can real-time measurement temperature 1~70 DEG C,
Pressure and can export measurement result to network display module in the aerosol solubility and particle diameter distribution of 1 atm higher
With real-time display and upload network.
The postposition flow measurement control device includes: concatenated flowmeter 11 and regulating valve 12, in which: flowmeter 11
It is equipped with flow adjustment module 13 between regulating valve 12, gas after measurement measures flow by flowmeter 11 in real time, and by flow
Signal passes to flow adjustment module 13, and then whether within preset range to judge gas flow, and the flow adjusts mould
Block 13 issues the aperture of the adjustment signal control regulating valve 12, and then guarantees the stabilization of gas flow.
Further, the flow adjustment module 13 is controlled by PIC control mode, extracts flow to realize
Stablize.
The postposition waste gas collection device includes: back segment shut-off valve 14, vacuum pump 15, bypass shut-off valve 16, exhaust gas receipts
Header 17, heat exchanger 18, in which: waste gas collection box 17 is controlled by back segment shut-off valve 14 and vacuum pump 15 and postposition flow measurement
The output end of device is connected, and bypass shut-off valve is further provided between postposition flow measurement control device and waste gas collection box 17
16。
As shown in figure 5, the present embodiment is related to the detection method of above system, comprising: high temperature and pressure detection and high-temperature pressure
Detection.
The high temperature and pressure detection specifically: aerosol enters system from sampling head 3, realized in ventilation line 2 etc.
Temperature drop pressure, and persistently kept the temperature, subsequent high-temperature low-pressure aerosol gas enters in cooling dilution device 6, and big amount temperature is lower
Diluent gas mixes in dilution chamber 601 with aerosol gas, and aerosol gas to be measured is diluted cooling.Since gas is dilute
It releases, the partial pressure of vapor is lowered, and the adiabatic condensation temperature of vapor decreases, so vapor will not condense.As excellent
Choosing, diluent gas can be high pressure nitrogen；The flow of diluent gas passes through level-one regulating valve 602, level-one flowmeter 603, level-one
The mutual adjusting of feedback regulation module 604 is controlled.Aerosol gas to be measured after being diluted cooling, into normal temperature and pressure grain
Diameter spectrometer 9 measures, and measurement data is passed in the network display module 10 being attached thereto, normal temperature and pressure partial size spectrometer
9 do isothermal holding.Aerosol gas after measurement measures flow by flowmeter 11 in real time, and flow signal is passed to flow tune
Module 13 is saved, and then whether within preset range to judge gas flow, and issues the aperture that adjustment signal controls to adjust valve 12,
And then guarantee the stabilization of gas flow.
Preferably, the flow adjustment module 13 is controlled by PIC control mode, flow is extracted to realize
Stablize.The extension rate of aerosol is realized by the flow and the flow by controlling flowmeter 11 that limit diluent gas and is extracted
The stabilization of flow, extension rate are as follows:Wherein: n is aerosol dilution multiple；Q1 is showing for level-one flowmeter 603
Number；Q2 is the registration of flowmeter 11.Exhaust gas is entered by bypass shut-off valve 16 by the gas of postposition flow measurement control device
Collecting box 17.
The high-temperature pressure detection specifically: under the conditions of high-temperature pressure, the atmospheric pressure environment in container is not enough to drive
Aerosol gas in container is entered in measuring system, so vacuum pump 15, back segment shut-off valve 14 are opened, bypass shut-off valve 16 is closed
It closes.The course of work of next system is consistent with the course of work under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions.
Above-mentioned specific implementation can by those skilled in the art under the premise of without departing substantially from the principle of the invention and objective with difference
Mode carry out local directed complete set to it, protection scope of the present invention is subject to claims and not by above-mentioned specific implementation institute
Limit, each implementation within its scope is by the constraint of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of on-line detecting system of harsh environment aerosol characterized by comprising sequentially connected sampling of aerosol machine
Structure, at least one level cooling dilution device, on-line measurement device, postposition flow measurement control device and waste gas collection device, in which:
Sampling of aerosol mechanism, which is set in the pressure vessel of under test gas, to be extracted under test gas and is delivered to cooling dilution device, is cooled down
Dilution device by under test gas with temperature is lower, pressure is lower, the diluent gas without particle is mixed in dilution chamber and dropped
Temperature drop pressure, on-line measurement device extract under test gas and on-line checking by the sampling probe inside dilution chamber, and postposition flow is surveyed
Amount control device control extracts flow and the gas being measured is entered waste gas collection device by ventilation pipe, and then completes
Measurement；
The cooling dilution device includes: that at least one being sequentially connected has the dilution chamber of spiral baffle, regulating valve, feedback
Adjustment module, the flowmeter for detection stream magnitude, dilution shut-off valve and storage cylinder, in which: diluent gas is from high-pressure gas cylinder
Place's outflow, passes to feedback regulation module by flow measurement outflow value, and by flow signal, and then judge that gas flow is
No is predetermined value, and feedback regulation module issues the aperture that adjustment signal controls to adjust valve, and then guarantees the steady of diluting gas flow
It is fixed.
2. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the sampling of aerosol mechanism is a setting
In the probe of the bell mouth shape structure in pressure vessel, probe distal end diameter answer it is as small as possible, with reduce sampling to pressure vessel
The influence of interior aerosol extinction；
The heating and heat-insulating device for pipeline preheating and gas heating is provided in the ventilation line, before guaranteeing to measure
Aerosol gas in vapor will not condense.
3. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the storage cylinder is that pressure is greater than in dilution chamber
Pressure high-pressure gas cylinder.
4. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that be equipped in the dilution chamber for extracting dilution
The sampling probe of under test gas after cooling, spiral baffle be particularly located at probe after, the outer tube wall of the indoor ventilation pipe of dilution
On, highest point is close to the inner wall of dilution chamber, and the diluent gas after being preheated enters dilution chamber by spiral helicine runner.
5. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one level refers to: cooling dilution dress
Setting can be arranged also with single-stage with two-stage or plural serial stage arrangement.
6. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the on-line measurement device includes: for surveying
Measure the aerosol solubility of normal temperature and pressure low humidity and the partial size spectrometer of particle diameter distribution and the network display module being attached thereto, partial size
Measurement result is exported to network display module with real-time display in real time and is exported to network by spectrometer.
7. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that the postposition flow measurement control device packet
It includes: flowmeter, regulating valve and the flow adjustment module being sequentially connected, in which: the gas after extracting dilution cooling is by flowmeter reality
When measure flow, and flow signal is passed into flow adjustment module, flow adjustment module by judge gas flow whether
The aperture that adjustment signal controls to adjust valve is issued within preset range, and then guarantees the stabilization of gas flow.
8. on-line detecting system according to claim 8, characterized in that the feedback regulation module is controlled by PIC
Mode is controlled, to realize the stabilization for extracting flow.
9. on-line detecting system according to claim 1, characterized in that after the postposition waste gas collection device includes:
Section shut-off valve, vacuum pump, bypass shut-off valve, waste gas collection box, in which: waste gas collection box by back segment shut-off valve and vacuum pump with
The output end of postposition flow measurement control device is connected, and further sets between postposition flow measurement control device and waste gas collection box
Have bypass shut-off valve, under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions, the hyperbaric environment in container can be used as driving force, force aerosol gas into
It goes in measuring system, so vacuum pump, back segment shut-off valve are closed, bypass shut-off valve is opened.
10. a kind of detection method based on system described in any of the above-described claim, including high temperature and pressure detection and high-temperature pressure
Detection.
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| CN112763275A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-05-07 | 清华大学 | Carbon film containing device for sampling particulate matters |
| CN112611691A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-06 | 宁波南大光电材料有限公司 | Photoresist granularity testing device |
| CN114184434A (en) * | 2021-11-04 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Portable aerosol particle sampling device for nuclear power |
| CN114812700A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 四川核智博自动化设备有限公司 | Liquid hydrocarbon flow online monitoring equipment |
| CN120253368A (en) * | 2025-06-03 | 2025-07-04 | 内蒙古自治区生态环境科学研究院 | A multi-channel atmospheric pollutant sampling device |
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Address after: 200240 No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, Minhang District Patentee after: SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University Patentee after: Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research and Design Institute Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200240 No. 800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, Minhang District Patentee before: SHANGHAI JIAO TONG University Patentee before: SHANGHAI NUCLEAR ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN INSTITUTE Co.,Ltd. |