CN109852901B - High-specific-gravity alloy steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-specific-gravity alloy steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to high-specific gravity alloy steel and a preparation method thereof. The high specific gravity alloy steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of tungsten, 2.89 to 3.47 percent of nickel, 0.17 to 0.20 percent of carbon, 0.89 to 1.07 percent of silicon, 0.38 to 0.46 percent of manganese, 0.26 to 0.33 percent of molybdenum, 0.55 to 0.66 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The high specific gravity alloy steel is prepared by mixing steel powder and tungsten powder, and then performing ball milling, vacuum drying, hot isostatic pressing and heat treatment. The high-specific gravity alloy steel has low production cost and the density of 8.775-10.9404 g/cm3The compressive strength is 2106.42-2116.76 MPa/mm2And has certain plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to high-specific gravity alloy steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The steel is a general term for iron-carbon alloy with carbon content between 0.02 and 2.11 mass percent, and generally has higher strength. For example, the multielement alloy ultrahigh strength steel DT300 which is independently developed in China and contains Si-Mn-Cr-Ni-Mo-V series and trace elements has ultrahigh strength and toughness, has the tensile strength of 1800MPa and 100 MPa.m1/2The above fracture toughness. The steel is suitable for manufacturing structural parts which need to bear high stress state, and is widely applied to aviation and aerospace industries. With the demand of social development, the DT300 steel cannot be applied to certain occasions due to small specific gravity, such as a weight of a fish sinker, a shotgun pellet, a clock pendulum and the like. Therefore, how to prepare high specific gravity steel becomes one of the research subjects of researchers.
Tungsten is a high melting point, high density, high hardness metal with a body centered cubic structure. The alloy which takes tungsten as a matrix and is added with other elements is a high specific gravity alloy. Chinese patent publication No. CN1118584C discloses a high specific gravity tungsten alloy containing 93 wt% of tungsten, 4.9 wt% of nickel, and 2.1 wt% of iron. However, the tungsten content in the high specific gravity tungsten alloy is high, and the production cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide high-specific gravity alloy steel with low cost and high strength.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high-specific gravity alloy steel, which can reduce the production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the high specific gravity alloy steel consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of tungsten, 2.89 to 3.47 percent of nickel, 0.17 to 0.20 percent of carbon, 0.89 to 1.07 percent of silicon, 0.38 to 0.46 percent of manganese, 0.26 to 0.33 percent of molybdenum, 0.55 to 0.66 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The high specific gravity alloy steel has low production cost and high density of 10.9404g/cm3The compressive strength is 2106.42-2116.76 MPa/mm2And has certain plasticity.
A preparation method of high specific gravity alloy steel comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing steel powder and tungsten powder and then carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) at 40-80 ℃ for 8-10 h, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.5 × 10-2～3×10-2Obtaining a precursor under MPa;
(3) and (3) carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the precursor obtained in the step (2), thus obtaining the precursor.
The uniformity and the adding mode of the components in the alloy steel have great influence on the mechanical property of the alloy. According to the invention, steel powder and tungsten powder are mixed and then ball-milled in a solid-solid doping mode to obtain mixed powder with uniformly distributed components. The solid-solid doping process ensures the uniformity of each component in the mixed powder. The high specific gravity alloy steel has simple preparation process and low production cost.
In order to reduce the production cost, excessive steel powder is adopted, and the mass ratio of the steel powder to the tungsten powder in the step (1) is 1-1.5: 1.
the particle size of the steel powder is 200-500 meshes. The powder in the range has good fluidity and high apparent density.
The steel powder in the step (1) is DT300 steel powder, the DT300 steel has high strength, and the strength of the alloy steel is ensured while the high specific gravity of the alloy steel is ensured by adopting the DT300 steel powder.
The DT300 steel powder is prepared by a vacuum aerosol method, the atomization pressure of the vacuum aerosol method is 2.8-3.1 MPa, and the mass flow of the metal melt is 4.7-5.2 kg/min. The powder obtained by the vacuum gas atomization method is spherical or nearly spherical, fine and uniform and has no component segregation. Under the condition, the obtained powder has more uniform particle size and meets the requirement.
And (3) performing hot isostatic pressing at 1250-1380 ℃, under 150-165 MPa, and keeping the temperature for 3-3.5 h. The low temperature of hot isostatic pressing results in weak bonding at the interface of the two phases; the high temperature causes the crystal grains to grow too large, which affects the performance of the material. High-specific gravity alloy steel with high density and uniform components can be obtained under the parameters of the hot isostatic pressing.
And (3) performing heat treatment after the hot isostatic pressing, wherein the heat treatment is oil quenching treatment at 880-920 ℃ for 1h, and then tempering treatment at 260-300 ℃ for 2 h. After heat treatment, the brittleness is properly reduced, the structure is stabilized and the required performance is obtained on the premise of ensuring the high hardness of the alloy steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM photograph of a high specific gravity alloy steel according to example 3 of the method of manufacturing a high specific gravity alloy steel according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the high specific gravity alloy steel according to example 3 of the method for preparing the high specific gravity alloy steel according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The tungsten powder used in the preparation process of the high specific gravity alloy steel is a conventional commercially available product, and the particle size of the tungsten powder is 10000 meshes.
The superheat degree of the melt of DT300 steel powder obtained in the preparation process of the high-ratio superposition diamond is 300K when the DT300 steel powder is prepared by adopting a vacuum aerosol method.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1 of high specific gravity alloy steel
The high specific gravity alloy steel of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of tungsten, 3.47% of nickel, 0.20% of carbon, 1.07% of silicon, 0.46% of manganese, 0.33% of molybdenum, 0.66% of chromium, 0.06% of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Example 2 of high specific gravity alloy steel
The high specific gravity alloy steel of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of tungsten, 2.89% of nickel, 0.17% of carbon, 0.89% of silicon, 0.38% of manganese, 0.26% of molybdenum, 0.55% of chromium, 0.05% of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
In other embodiments of the high specific gravity alloy steel of the present invention, the mass percentages of the components may also be adjusted within the following ranges: 40 to 50 percent of tungsten, 2.89 to 3.47 percent of nickel, 0.17 to 0.20 percent of carbon, 0.89 to 1.07 percent of silicon, 0.38 to 0.46 percent of manganese, 0.26 to 0.33 percent of molybdenum, 0.55 to 0.66 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Example 1 of the method for producing a high specific gravity alloy steel
This embodiment is a method of manufacturing the high specific gravity alloy steel of embodiment 1, which is the high specific gravity alloy steel, including the steps of:
(1) putting 40g of tungsten powder, 60g of DT300 steel powder, 700g of stainless steel balls and 15g of absolute ethyl alcohol into a ball milling tank, filling argon gas into the ball milling tank, sealing and then loading the ball milling tank for 24h (positive and negative alternate operation is carried out, the alternate operation time is set to be 120min, the alternate operation interval shutdown time is set to be 20min, and the corresponding frequency of the rated rotation speed is set to be 19.00Hz) to obtain mixed powder;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) at 40 ℃ for 10h, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.5 × 10-2MPa, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) and (3) placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) into a 45 steel sheath with the wall thickness of about 5mm, vacuumizing, performing hot isostatic pressing, wherein the sintering temperature is 1380 ℃, the pressure is 165MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3.5 hours to obtain a sintered blank, performing oil quenching treatment on the sintered blank at the temperature of 900 ℃ for 1 hour, and performing tempering treatment at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the high-specific-gravity alloy steel.
Example 2 of the method for producing high specific gravity alloy steel
This embodiment is a method of manufacturing the high specific gravity alloy steel of embodiment 2, which includes the steps of:
(1) 50g of tungsten powder and 50g of DT300 steel powder, 700g of stainless steel balls and 18g of absolute ethyl alcohol are taken and put into a ball milling tank, argon gas is filled, the ball milling tank is sealed and then loaded with a machine for 24h (positive and negative alternate operation is carried out, the alternate operation time is set to be 120min, the alternate operation interval shutdown time is set to be 20min, and the corresponding frequency of the rated rotation speed is set to be 19.00 Hz);
(2) vacuum drying the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) at 60 ℃ for 8h, wherein the vacuum degree is 3 × 10-2MPa, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) and (3) placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (2) into a 45 steel sheath with the wall thickness of about 5mm, vacuumizing, performing hot isostatic pressing, wherein the sintering temperature is 1250 ℃, the pressure is 159MPa, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours to obtain a sintered blank, performing oil quenching on the sintered blank at the temperature of 900 ℃ for 1 hour, and performing tempering at the temperature of 300 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the high-specific-gravity alloy steel.
Example 3 of the method for producing high specific gravity alloy steel
This embodiment is a method of manufacturing the high specific gravity alloy steel of embodiment 2, which includes the steps of:
(1) 50g of tungsten powder and 50g of DT300 steel powder, 700g of stainless steel balls and 18g of absolute ethyl alcohol are taken and put into a ball milling tank, argon gas is filled, the ball milling tank is sealed and then loaded with a machine for 24h (positive and negative alternate operation is carried out, the alternate operation time is set to be 120min, the alternate operation interval shutdown time is set to be 20min, and the corresponding frequency of the rated rotation speed is set to be 19.00 Hz);
(2) vacuum drying the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) at 60 ℃ for 8h, wherein the vacuum degree is 3 × 10-2MPa, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
(3) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step 2) into a 45 steel sheath with the wall thickness of about 5mm, vacuumizing, performing hot isostatic pressing at 1380 ℃ under 150MPa for 3 hours to obtain a sintered blank, performing oil quenching on the sintered blank at 900 ℃ for 1 hour, and tempering at 300 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the high-specific-gravity alloy steel.
In another embodiment of the method for manufacturing a high specific gravity alloy steel of the present invention, the degree of vacuum is set to 1.5 × 10 at the time of vacuum drying in step (2)-2～3×10-2Other values in the MPa range, the prepared high specific gravity alloy steel also has better performance.
Test example 1
The high specific gravity alloy steels prepared in examples 1 to 3 of the preparation method of the high specific gravity alloy steel were subjected to performance tests. The specific test conditions were: the density of the alloy steel is measured by adopting an Archimedes drainage method, the microhardness of the alloy steel is measured by adopting an HVT-1000 microhardness meter, and the compressive strength of the alloy steel is measured by adopting an Shimadzu AG-I250KN precision universal tester. The test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the high specific gravity alloy steel of example 3 has the best performance and the density of 10.9404g/cm3The density reaches 99.31 percent, is higher than that of DT300 steel by 42 percent, and has the compressive strength of 2116.76MPa/mm2And the expected effect is achieved.
Test example 2
SEM and XRD analyses were performed on the high specific gravity alloy steel obtained in example 3 of the method for preparing the high specific gravity alloy steel, and the results of the tests are shown in fig. 1 and 2, respectively.
As can be seen from FIG. 1, the two phases (martensite and Fe)7W6) Uniformly distributed, black particles are separated out at phase boundary, and SiO is detected2(ii) a As can be seen from FIG. 2, the high specific gravity alloy steel is mainly composed of Fe and Fe7W6And (4) forming.
Claims (8)
1. The high-specific gravity alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of tungsten, 2.89 to 3.47 percent of nickel, 0.17 to 0.20 percent of carbon, 0.89 to 1.07 percent of silicon, 0.38 to 0.46 percent of manganese, 0.26 to 0.33 percent of molybdenum, 0.55 to 0.66 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities;
the high specific gravity alloy steel is prepared by the following steps of mixing steel powder and tungsten powder, ball-milling to obtain mixed powder, and vacuum-drying the mixed powder at 40-80 ℃ for 8-10 hours with the vacuum degree of 1.5 × 10-2～3×10-2Obtaining a precursor under MPa; and (5) carrying out hot isostatic pressing on the precursor to obtain the catalyst.
2. The preparation method of the high specific gravity alloy steel is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing steel powder and tungsten powder and then carrying out ball milling to obtain mixed powder;
(2) vacuum drying the mixed powder obtained in the step (1) at 40-80 ℃ for 8-10 h, wherein the vacuum degree is 1.5 × 10-2～3×10-2Obtaining a precursor under MPa;
(3) performing hot isostatic pressing on the precursor obtained in the step (2) to obtain the precursor;
the high specific gravity alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40 to 50 percent of tungsten, 2.89 to 3.47 percent of nickel, 0.17 to 0.20 percent of carbon, 0.89 to 1.07 percent of silicon, 0.38 to 0.46 percent of manganese, 0.26 to 0.33 percent of molybdenum, 0.55 to 0.66 percent of chromium, 0.05 to 0.06 percent of vanadium and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
3. The preparation method of the high specific gravity alloy steel according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the steel powder to the tungsten powder in the step (1) is 1-1.5: 1.
4. the method of manufacturing a high specific gravity alloy steel according to claim 2, wherein the steel powder has a particle size of 200 to 500 mesh.
5. A method of manufacturing a high specific gravity alloy steel according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the steel powder in the step (1) is DT300 steel powder.
6. The method for preparing high specific gravity alloy steel according to claim 5, wherein the DT300 steel powder is prepared by a vacuum aerosol method, the atomization pressure of the vacuum aerosol method is 2.8-3.1 MPa, and the mass flow of the metal melt is 4.7-5.2 kg/min.
7. The method for preparing a high specific gravity alloy steel according to claim 2, wherein the hot isostatic pressing in the step (3) is carried out at 1250 to 1380 ℃, under 150 to 165MPa, and for 3 to 3.5 hours.
8. The method for preparing a high specific gravity alloy steel according to claim 2, wherein the hot isostatic pressing in step (3) is followed by a heat treatment, wherein the heat treatment is carried out by oil quenching at 880-920 ℃ for 1 hour and then tempering at 260-300 ℃ for 2 hours.
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