CN105441765B - Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
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- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
- B22F9/26—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions using gaseous reductors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy and preparation method thereof, belong to metal material field.It is calculated in mass percent, alloying component is as follows：The mass ratio of tungsten 90.0%~97.0%, zirconium oxide 0.1%~2.0%, Binder Phase nickel and iron 2.0%~9.9%, nickel and iron is 3~4:2~1；And inevitable impurity；Preparation process is as follows：It is respectively that ammonium metatungstate, zirconium nitrate is soluble in water, mix, mixed liquor is dry that powder, powder obtain compound tungsten powder through calcining, reducing；Nickel powder, iron powder are taken, ball milling after mixing, obtains ferronickel solid solution；Compound tungsten powder, ferronickel solid solution are mixed, mixed powder is repressed, sintering, produces.The present invention in tungsten alloy by adding high-temperature stable phase ZrO2, ZrO2Disperse phase is tiny and is uniformly distributed in tungsten basal body, solves the problems, such as that bullet tungsten alloy consistency is low, distributed mutually is uneven so that poor mechanical property, the tensile strength of tungsten alloy reach more than 1250MPa, elongation percentage has high intensity and high-ductility characteristic concurrently up to more than 17%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, the preparation method of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy is also related to,
Belong to metal material field.
Background technology
High-specific gravity tungsten alloy is a kind of using tungsten as matrix, and added with the alloy of the elements such as Ni, Fe, Co, Cu, Mo, Cr, it is close
Degree is usually 17.5~19.0g/cm3.Not only density is big for high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, but also with fusing point is high, intensity is big, hardness
High, the advantages that electrical and thermal conductivity is good, thermal coefficient of expansion is small, steam forces down and elevated temperature strength is big, these excellent performances make it
It is used widely in national defence, nuclear industry particularly civilian industry etc., as tungsten alloy is used for rod-type kinetic energy penetrator bullet core material
And counterweight element, inertance element, radiation shielding material etc..With main battle tank, warship armor and various military fortification
Increasingly reinforcing, higher and higher requirement is proposed with the performance of material to bullet.The armour-piercing of high-specific gravity tungsten alloy kinetic energy penetrator
Power is big, has the advantages that non-toxic, "dead" pollution compared with Depleted Uranium Alloys armor-piercing bullet, is that countries in the world are main now
Armor-piercing weapon is equipped, and the direction of Future Development.However, armour-piercing bullet core is remained with high-specific gravity tungsten alloy is bonding distributed mutually not
The defects of many influence stabilities such as, hydrogen embrittlement, intermetallic compound are segregated, residual porosity is more, and the high ratio of sintered state
Gravity tungsten alloy blank intensity and plasticity are relatively low, and the dynamic stretching of conventional W-Ni-Fe systems high density tungsten alloy is also needed into one
Step improves.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of high intensity, high-ductility bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy.
Meanwhile the present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy.
In order to realize the above object the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 90.0%~97.0%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.1%~2.0%,
The mass ratio of Binder Phase nickel and iron (Ni, Fe) 2.0%~9.9%, nickel and iron is 3~4:2~1；
And inevitable impurity.
The preparation method of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, step are as follows：Respectively by ammonium metatungstate (AMT), zirconium nitrate (Zr
(NO3)4·5H2O it is) soluble in water, mix, mixed liquor is dry that powder, powder obtain compound tungsten powder through calcining, reducing；Take nickel
Powder, iron powder, ball milling after mixing, obtain ferronickel solid solution；Compound tungsten powder, ferronickel solid solution are mixed, mixed powder is repressed, burns
Knot, is produced.
The mass ratio of the ammonium metatungstate and zirconium nitrate is 123~133:0.35~7.0, preferably 123.36~
132.96:0.35~6.97.The purity of ammonium metatungstate is more than 99.7%, and granularity is less than 200 mesh.The purity of zirconium nitrate is more than
99.5%, granularity is less than 120 mesh.
The temperature of the calcining is 400~600 DEG C, 4~5h of calcination time.
The reduction is divided to two sections of progress, 450~600 DEG C, 1~2h of recovery time of first paragraph reduction temperature, second segment reduction
850~900 DEG C of temperature, 2~4h of recovery time.
The particle size of the compound tungsten powder is 500~1000nm.
The nickel powder is 1.4~7 with ammonium metatungstate mass ratio:123~133, preferably 1.40~6.97:123.36~
132.96, the mass ratio of nickel powder and iron powder is 3~4:2~1.Nickel powder preferred purity more than 99.5%, 2~8 μm of particle mean size
Carbonyl nickel powder.The preferred purity more than 99.5% of iron powder, the carbonyl iron dust of 2~8 μm of particle mean size.
The particle size of the ferronickel solid solution is 0.8~2 μm, is sub-micron crystal after ball milling.
The rotating speed of the ball milling is 200~350rpm, 20~35h of Ball-milling Time.Ball milling is in inert atmosphere (such as purity
More than 99.99% high-purity argon gas) in carry out, be oxidized to prevent powder.Milling material can use GCrl5 beads, and (diameter is such as
6mm), ratio of grinding media to material (mass ratio) is 5~15:1.
The pressure of the compacting is 200~350MPa, 20~40min of dwell time.Can obtain at this pressure density compared with
High, enhancing is mutually uniformly distributed, the uniform blank of porosity, its in follow-up sintering process can uniform filling pore, be not easy to make
Into component segregation.
The temperature of the sintering is 1450~1550 DEG C, 120~180min of soaking time.When sintering temperature is too low or sinters
Between it is too short doping opposite tungsten can be made mutually not infiltrate or infiltrate poor, cause two-phase interface combination weaker, easily as formation of crack；And sinter
Temperature is too high or sintering time is long, then can produce the agglomeration of tungsten grain, causes tungsten particle size in alloy uneven and viscous
It is uneven to tie distributed mutually, easily makes the extensibility of alloy reduce.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
The mechanical property important of the composition of oxide, addition and addition manner to alloy in tungsten alloy.This
Invention is evaporated acquisition dried powder, then with liquid liquid doping way after being sufficiently mixed ammonium metatungstate solution and zirconium nitrate solution
Calcined, reduction treatment, the WO in reduction process3Volatilized in hydrogen atmosphere and be transferred to gas phase, be reduced in vapour form
And it is deposited on low price tungsten oxide or doping phase ZrO2Surface, the equally distributed compound tungsten powder of forming component.This sol-gel and
Coreduction technique, it ensure that the uniformity consistency of each composition in compound tungsten powder.
The present invention is by rational composition proportion and strictly controls each process parameter, and high temperature is added in tungsten alloy
Stable phase ZrO2, ZrO2Disperse phase is tiny and is uniformly distributed in tungsten basal body, solves that bullet tungsten alloy consistency is low, distributed mutually
It is uneven so that the problem of poor mechanical property, the tensile strength of tungsten alloy reaches more than 1250MPa, and elongation percentage has concurrently up to more than 17%
High intensity and high-ductility characteristic.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the micro-organization chart of tungsten alloy in embodiment 3；
Fig. 2 is the EDS analysis of spectra of tungsten alloy in embodiment 3.
Embodiment
Following embodiments are only described in further detail to the present invention, but do not form any limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 94.6%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.6%,
Nickel (Ni) 3.36%,
Iron (Fe) 1.44%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
By 129.68kg ammonium metatungstates (it is 92% that ammonium metatungstate, which is converted into oxidation tungsten powder rate) and 2.09kg zirconium nitrates difference
It is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed to obtain mixed liquor；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is at 500 DEG C of temperature
Calcining 4 hours；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction furnace and is divided to two sections of reduction, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 550 DEG C, during reduction
Between 1 hour, second segment reduction temperature be 900 DEG C, 3 hours recovery times, after reduction cross 120 eye mesh screens obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 3.36kg nickel powders and 1.44kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 10:1, it is 250 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 25 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
3) preparation of mixed powder
The compound tungsten powders of 95.20kg and 4.80kg ferronickel solid solution are placed in tilt in batch mixer and mixed, 25 revs/min of rotating speed
Clock, 13 ° of angle of inclination, 25 hours powder time is mixed, 120 eye mesh screens are crossed after mixing, obtain mixed powder；
4) compacting, sinter molding
Mixed powder is put into the gum cover that wall thickness is about 2mm, then is placed in progress isostatic cool pressing in 250MPa super-pressure room, protected
It is 30 minutes to press the time, obtains being cold-pressed blank；Cold pressing blank is put into hydrogen shield sintering furnace, the liquid phase at 1500 DEG C of temperature
Sintering, sintering time are 150 minutes, are produced.
Embodiment 2
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 91.7%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.2%,
Nickel (Ni) 5.67%,
Iron (Fe) 2.43%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
125.71kg ammonium metatungstates and 0.70kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 5 hours at 400 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction furnace
Interior point of two sections of reduction, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 500 DEG C, and 2 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850 DEG C, also
Former time 2 h, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 5.67kg nickel powders and 2.43kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 12:1, it is 300 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 30 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
3) preparation of mixed powder
The compound tungsten powders of 91.90kg and 8.10kg ferronickel solid solution are placed in tilt in batch mixer and mixed, 25 revs/min of rotating speed
Clock, 13 ° of angle of inclination, 20 hours powder time is mixed, 100 eye mesh screens are crossed after mixing, obtain mixed powder；
4) compacting, sinter molding
Mixed powder is put into the gum cover that wall thickness is about 2mm, then is placed in progress isostatic cool pressing in 350MPa super-pressure room, protected
It is 40 minutes to press the time, obtains being cold-pressed blank；Cold pressing blank is put into hydrogen shield sintering furnace, the liquid phase at 1480 DEG C of temperature
Sintering, sintering time are 140 minutes, are produced.
Embodiment 3
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 92.9%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.8%,
Nickel (Ni) 4.41%,
Iron (Fe) 1.89%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
127.35kg ammonium metatungstates and 2.79kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 5 hours at 450 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction furnace
Interior point of two sections of reduction, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 600 DEG C, and 1.5 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 900 DEG C,
4 hours recovery times, 140 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 4.41kg nickel powders and 1.89kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 14:1, it is 200 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 20 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
3) preparation of mixed powder
The compound tungsten powders of 93.70kg and 6.30kg ferronickel solid solution are placed in tilt in batch mixer and mixed, 25 revs/min of rotating speed
Clock, 13 ° of angle of inclination, 30 hours powder time is mixed, 140 eye mesh screens are crossed after mixing, obtain mixed powder；
4) compacting, sinter molding
Mixed powder is put into the gum cover that wall thickness is about 2mm, then is placed in progress isostatic cool pressing in 200MPa super-pressure room, protected
It is 35 minutes to press the time, obtains being cold-pressed blank；Cold pressing blank is put into hydrogen shield sintering furnace, the liquid phase at 1520 DEG C of temperature
Sintering, sintering time are 180 minutes, are produced.
Embodiment 4
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 96.6%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.4%,
Nickel (Ni) 2.1%,
Iron (Fe) 0.9%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
132.80kg ammonium metatungstates and 1.40kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 4 hours at 600 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction furnace
Interior point of two sections of reduction, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 450 DEG C, and 1 hour recovery time, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850 DEG C, also
Former time 2 h, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 2.10kg nickel powders and 0.90kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 6:1, it is 350 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 35 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
3) preparation of mixed powder
The compound tungsten powders of 97.00kg and 3.00kg ferronickel solid solution are placed in tilt in batch mixer and mixed, 25 revs/min of rotating speed
Clock, 13 ° of angle of inclination, 15 hours powder time is mixed, 80 eye mesh screens are crossed after mixing, obtain mixed powder；
4) compacting, sinter molding
Mixed powder is put into the gum cover that wall thickness is about 2mm, then is placed in progress isostatic cool pressing in 300MPa super-pressure room, protected
It is 25 minutes to press the time, obtains being cold-pressed blank；Cold pressing blank is put into hydrogen shield sintering furnace, the liquid phase at 1530 DEG C of temperature
Sintering, sintering time are 120 minutes, are produced.
Embodiment 5
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 90.0%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 2.0%,
Nickel (Ni) 6.4%,
Iron (Fe) 1.6%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
123.36kg ammonium metatungstates and 6.97kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 4.5 hours at 500 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction
It is divided to two sections of reduction in stove, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 550 DEG C, and 1.5 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850
DEG C, 3 hours recovery times, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 8:2 weigh 6.40kg nickel powders and 1.60kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 5:1, it is 300 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 25 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
3) preparation of mixed powder
The compound tungsten powders of 92.00kg and 8.00kg ferronickel solid solution are placed in tilt in batch mixer and mixed, 25 revs/min of rotating speed
Clock, 13 ° of angle of inclination, 25 hours powder time is mixed, 100 eye mesh screens are crossed after mixing, obtain mixed powder；
4) compacting, sinter molding
Mixed powder is put into the gum cover that wall thickness is about 2mm, then is placed in progress isostatic cool pressing in 350MPa super-pressure room, protected
It is 20 minutes to press the time, obtains being cold-pressed blank；Cold pressing blank is put into hydrogen shield sintering furnace, the liquid phase at 1450 DEG C of temperature
Sintering, sintering time are 180 minutes, are produced.
Embodiment 6
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 90.0%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.1%,
Nickel (Ni) 6.97%,
Iron (Fe) 2.93%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
123.36kg ammonium metatungstates and 0.35kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 4.5 hours at 500 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction
It is divided to two sections of reduction in stove, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 550 DEG C, and 1.5 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850
DEG C, 3 hours recovery times, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 6.97kg nickel powders and 2.93kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 5:1, it is 300 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 25 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
Other operating procedures are the same as embodiment 5.
Embodiment 7
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 96.0%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 2.0%,
Nickel (Ni) 1.4%,
Iron (Fe) 0.6%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
131.60kg ammonium metatungstates and 6.97kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 4.5 hours at 500 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction
It is divided to two sections of reduction in stove, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 550 DEG C, and 1.5 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850
DEG C, 3 hours recovery times, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 7:3 weigh 1.40kg nickel powders and 0.60kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 5:1, it is 300 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 25 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
Other operating procedures are the same as embodiment 5.
Embodiment 8
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, is calculated in mass percent, and alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten (W) 97.0%,
Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) 0.2%,
Nickel (Ni) 2.24%,
Iron (Fe) 0.56%,
And inevitable impurity.
Bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy (100kg) preparation method, comprises the following steps：
1) preparation of the compound tungsten powder containing zirconium oxide
132.96kg ammonium metatungstates and 0.70kg zirconium nitrates difference is soluble in water, then two solution are well mixed and must mixed
Liquid；Mixed liquor is taken to be evaporated, obtained dried powder is calcined 4.5 hours at 500 DEG C of temperature；Calcined product is put into push rod reduction
It is divided to two sections of reduction in stove, the temperature of first paragraph reduction is 550 DEG C, and 1.5 hours recovery times, the temperature of second segment reduction is 850
DEG C, 3 hours recovery times, 200 eye mesh screens are crossed after reduction and obtain compound tungsten powder；
2) preparation of Binder Phase ferronickel solid solution
According to mass ratio 8:2 weigh 2.24kg nickel powders and 0.56kg iron powders, and put it into high-energy stirring formula ball mill,
High-purity argon gas (purity is more than 99.99%) is passed through as protection gas, milling material and uses diameter 6mm GCr15 beads, ratio of grinding media to material
(mass ratio) 5:1, it is 300 revs/min to control drum's speed of rotation, and Ball-milling Time is 25 hours, obtains the solid solution of sub-micron crystal ferronickel
Body；
Other operating procedures are the same as embodiment 5.
Test example
1st, the measured performance parameter of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy
Example 3 is hit by a bullet with high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, the grain size of alloy is determined using division lines method, using Archimedes
Drainage determines alloy density, and the microhardness of alloy is determined using HMAS-C1000SZA microhardness testers, while uses AG-
I250KN precision universal materials experimental machine determines the tensile strength of alloy, as a result see the table below 1.
The performance parameter that the embodiment 3 of table 1 is hit by a bullet with high-specific gravity tungsten alloy
As it can be seen from table 1 embodiment 3 is hit by a bullet reaches 1256MPa/mm with the tensile strength of high-specific gravity tungsten alloy2, than routine
Tungsten alloy is higher by 50% or so, and elongation percentage meets high intensity, the high-ductility requirement of bullet material up to 17%.
2nd, the EDS of disperse phase is analyzed in bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy
Example 3 is hit by a bullet with high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, and EDS analyses, analysis knot are carried out to the disperse phase in tungsten alloy tissue
Fruit see the table below 2 and Fig. 2.
The component list that the embodiment 3 of table 2 is hit by a bullet with high-specific gravity tungsten alloy
| Composition | Wt (%) | At (%) |
| W | 22.63 | 6.06 |
| Zr | 56.79 | 30.63 |
| O | 20.59 | 63.31 |
To find out in terms of table 2 and Fig. 2, in the tungsten alloy of embodiment 3, high temperature disperse phase ZrO2Particle is tiny and in tungsten base
Dispersed precipitate in body, solves the problems, such as bullet tungsten alloy distributed mutually inequality.
Claims (5)
1. bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy, it is characterised in that：It is calculated in mass percent, alloying component is as follows：
Tungsten 90.0% ~ 97.0%,
Zirconium oxide 0.1% ~ 2.0%,
The mass ratio of Binder Phase nickel and iron 2.0% ~ 9.9%, nickel and iron is 3 ~ 4:2~1；
And inevitable impurity；
The preparation process of the bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy is as follows：It is respectively that ammonium metatungstate, zirconium nitrate is soluble in water, mix, mix
It is dry that powder, powder obtain compound tungsten powder through calcining, reducing to close liquid；Nickel powder, iron powder are taken, ball milling after mixing, ferronickel is obtained and consolidates
Solution；Compound tungsten powder, ferronickel solid solution are mixed, mixed powder is repressed, sintering, produces；
The temperature of the calcining is 400 ~ 600 DEG C, 4 ~ 5h of calcination time；
The reduction is divided to two sections of progress, 450 ~ 600 DEG C, 1 ~ 2h of recovery time of first paragraph reduction temperature, second segment reduction temperature 850
~ 900 DEG C, 2 ~ 4h of recovery time；
200 ~ 350MPa of pressure of the compacting, 20 ~ 40min of dwell time；
1450 ~ 1550 DEG C of the temperature of the sintering, 120 ~ 180min of soaking time.
2. the preparation method of bullet high-specific gravity tungsten alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step is as follows：Respectively will be inclined
Ammonium tungstate, zirconium nitrate are soluble in water, mixing, and mixed liquor is dry that powder, powder obtain compound tungsten powder through calcining, reducing；Take nickel
Powder, iron powder, ball milling after mixing, obtain ferronickel solid solution；Compound tungsten powder, ferronickel solid solution are mixed, mixed powder is repressed, burns
Knot, is produced；
The temperature of the calcining is 400 ~ 600 DEG C, 4 ~ 5h of calcination time；
The reduction is divided to two sections of progress, 450 ~ 600 DEG C, 1 ~ 2h of recovery time of first paragraph reduction temperature, second segment reduction temperature 850
~ 900 DEG C, 2 ~ 4h of recovery time；
200 ~ 350MPa of pressure of the compacting, 20 ~ 40min of dwell time；
1450 ~ 1550 DEG C of the temperature of the sintering, 120 ~ 180min of soaking time.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The mass ratio of the ammonium metatungstate and zirconium nitrate is
123~133:0.35~7.0。
4. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The mass ratio of the nickel powder and ammonium metatungstate be 1.4 ~
7:123 ~ 133, the mass ratio of nickel powder and iron powder is 3 ~ 4:2~1.
5. preparation method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The rotating speed of the ball milling is 200 ~ 350rpm, ball milling
20 ~ 35h of time.
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