CN109849641B - 一种履带车辆用串混联机电复合传动装置 - Google Patents

一种履带车辆用串混联机电复合传动装置 Download PDF

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CN109849641B
CN109849641B CN201910044832.6A CN201910044832A CN109849641B CN 109849641 B CN109849641 B CN 109849641B CN 201910044832 A CN201910044832 A CN 201910044832A CN 109849641 B CN109849641 B CN 109849641B
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power coupling
motor
generator
coupling mechanism
vehicle
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CN109849641A (zh
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韩立金
项昌乐
刘辉
王伟达
马越
徐丽丽
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Priority to US16/745,953 priority patent/US10850601B2/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/08—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing
    • F16H37/0806—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with differential gearing with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/30—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by chargeable mechanical accumulators, e.g. flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种履带车辆机电复合传动装置，包括前传动机构、动力耦合机构、独立驱动机构以及设置在动力耦合机构两侧的汇流行星排；既可以满足车辆的行驶驱动以及转向等功能，又能为车载设备提供充足的电能。即既可以采用串联模式，用于满足大专局输出的要求，主要用于低速和中低速行驶，以及倒车行驶和爬陡坡的需求；又可以采用混联模式，用于满足中高速和高速行驶的需求，具有较高的传动效率和燃油经济性。

Description

一种履带车辆用串混联机电复合传动装置
技术领域
本发明涉及机电复合传动装置技术领域，尤其涉及一种适用于履带车辆的机电复合传动装置。
背景技术
目前许多发达国家都提出了全电战斗车辆的概念，主要包括电驱动、电装甲、电武器等系统。其中最为关键的问题是车辆要有充足的电能供应。因此发展一种机电复合传动系统，既能满足车辆行驶驱动的需求，又能满足整车对电能的需求是非常有意义的。
现有的机电复合传动系统可以有多种不同的结构形式，按照发动机的机械转矩是否参与驱动车辆，大致可以分为两类。一种是发动机带动发电机发电，给车辆提供充足的电能，而车辆完全由电动机进行驱动，属于串联混合动力方案；另外一种是发动机一边带动发电机发电，另一边通过机械传动直接驱动车辆，属于并联或混联混合动力方案。各种方案各有其优缺点，总的来说前一种适合功率相对较小的履带车辆，后一种适合大功率履带车辆。
串联混合动力方案允许发动机在一定程度上独立于推动车辆的转矩和转速运行，可以改善发动机的排放和效率，同时，鉴于电机具有良好的驱动特性和较高的功率密度，通过采用多个电机进行驱动，可以提高车辆的动力性。并且电机作为发电机可以通过再生制动来回收制动能量。串联方案的难点在于要有足够的电机把发动机的所有动力从机械能转换成发电机的电能，再把电能转换成驱动电动机的机械能，这就必须考虑这些电机的成本和重量，另外还要防止在这些转换中有用能量的损失。
并联或混联方案中，通过动力分配变速器来实现输入和输出之间转矩比和速比的变化，其结构形式一般为差动齿轮装置。它可以把发动机的部分动力传递通过一对电动机/发电机来进行转换，其余动力则通过纯机械方式沿另一条平行线路流动。
现有的机电复合传动系统多应用于轮式车辆，由于履带车辆与轮式车辆的行走方式存在根本性的差异，其行走机构必然也存在着根本性的差异，从而导致传统的用于轮式车辆的机电复合传动系统无法应用于履带车辆的传动系统中，现有技术中应用于履带车辆的机电复合传动系统也不多见，而履带车辆相比与轮式车辆具有其自身的优越性，如何实现用于履带车辆的机电复合传动系统是本领域长期存在的一个技术难题。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种履带车辆机电复合传动装置，很好的解决了上述问题，既可以满足车辆的行驶驱动以及转向等功能，又能为车载设备提供充足的电能。
本发明的技术方案是一种履带车辆机电复合传动装置，包括前传动机构、动力耦合机构、独立驱动机构以及设置在动力耦合机构两侧的汇流行星排；
所述前传动机构包含一个用于切断发动机动力的主离合器、两至三个直齿轮啮合对，所述直齿轮啮合对用于匹配传动比，调整发动机与动力耦合机构以及独立驱动机构的位置；
所述动力耦合机构包括两个行星排、两个电动机/发电机以及两个操纵元件；所述直齿轮啮合对驱动连接直齿轮，所述直齿轮驱动连接第二行星排的行星架，第二行星排的齿圈与第一行星排的行星架相固连，第一电动机/发电机的转子连接在第一行星排的齿圈上；所述动力耦合机构还包括动力耦合机构离合器和制动器，所述动力耦合机构离合器主动部分与第一行星排行星架连接，所述动力耦合机构离合器被动部分与动力耦合输出主轴连接；第一电动机/发电机位于动力耦合机构离合器与第一行星排之间；第一、二行星排的太阳轮连接在一起，并且与第二电动机/发电机的转子相连，第二电动机/发电机位于第二行星排与右侧汇流行星排之间；动力耦合输出主轴分别输出到两侧的汇流行星排的齿圈；
所述独立驱动机构包含两个电动机、两个行星排、和多个直齿轮，两个所述电动机的动力分别通过减速行星排输出到轴，通过多次直齿轮啮合，输出到两侧汇流排的太阳轮，左右两侧的汇流行星排的行星架为机电复合传动装置的输出元件，最终将动力传递到车体两侧主动轮。
进一步的，所述动力耦合机构的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机，以及独立驱动机构的两个电动机通过导线与控制器连接，控制器通过导线与储能装置相连。
进一步的，所述储能装置为化学蓄电池、超级电容、飞轮电池中的一种或多种。
进一步的，所述制动器为湿式多片制动器，所述动力耦合机构离合器为湿式多片离合器。
进一步的，所述的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机、独立驱动机构的两个电动机均为永磁同步电机，且转子均为空心轴。
进一步的，所述的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机、独立驱动机构的两个电动机和储能装置通过导线与控制单元相连。
进一步的，所述的发动机为柴油发动机。
本发明的有益效果是：当处于直驶工况时，车辆可以由独立驱动部分或动力耦合部分分别单独驱动，两种模式均能实现机电复合无级传动特性。车辆由独立驱动部分驱动为第一模式，用于零车速到某一中等车速的车速范围；第一模式时，发动机带动动力耦合机构的两个电动机/发电机发电，车辆直驶和转向均由独立驱动机构的两个电动机完成。车辆由动力耦合部分驱动为第二模式，可用于从某一低于第一模式最高车速的车速开始到车辆的最高车速；第二模式时，在发动机转速不变的条件下，通过调节动力耦合机构第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机的转速，可以对输出车速进行无级调节，改善车辆的驾驶性能；在第二模式内，独立驱动电机可以根据驱动需求工作在发电工况或电动工况，用于提供大功率电能或获取良好的动力性；当独立驱动电机转速不同时，可以实现履带车辆的转向，行进中转向内侧履带的再生功率可以通过直驶变速路主轴进行回流，传递到外侧履带，提高车辆的转向性能。本发明综合了串联方案和混联方案的优点，串联模式适用于低速工况，利用电机大转矩、多象限工作的特点，满足车辆低速爬坡和倒挡行驶的要求；混联模式适用于中高速工况，充分利用机械传动效率高和电传动无级变速的特点，实现高效无级传动。在从第一模式到第二模式之间进行切换时，操纵元件可以进行无速差结合，提高了模式切换的平顺性，降低了冲击和模式切换时间需求。
根据履带车辆低速爬坡需求转矩较大的特点，第一模式主要用于爬32°等大坡，或其它极端困难的路面，也可以用来实现车辆低速行驶、加速行驶或中心转向等工况。
即第一模式采用串联模式，用于满足大专局输出的要求，主要用于低速和中低速行驶，以及倒车行驶和爬陡坡的需求；第二模式采用混联模式，用于满足中高速和高速行驶的需求，具有较高的传动效率和燃油经济性。
附图说明
图1是用于实施本发明方案的一种机电复合传动装置的示意图；
图2是制动器制动，用于实现第一模式时动力耦合机构的功率流示意图；
图3是动力耦合机构离合器结合，用于实现第二模式时动力耦合机构的功率流示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图，对本发明进一步详细说明。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位或者以特定的方位构造和操作，因此其不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；当然的，还可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；另外的，还可以是直接相连，也可以是通过中间媒介间接相连，或者可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1所示，为本发明的方案的一种履带车辆机电复合传动装置代表性实施方式，并且总体用附图标记100表示。该机电复合传动装置包括前传动机构80、动力耦合机构以及独立驱动机构，此外还有两侧汇流行星排90、110。前传动机构中包含一个主离合器11和三个直齿轮22、23、24，主离合器用于切断、接通发动机10动力；三个直齿轮22、23、24啮合用于匹配传动比，调整发动机10与动力耦合以及独立驱动机构的相对位置。
动力耦合机构包含：两个行星排、两个电动机/发电机以及两个操纵元件。输入动力经直齿轮25传递到第二行星排130的行星架27，第二行星排130的齿圈28与第一行星排120的行星架37相固连，第一电动机/发电机40的转子42连接在第一行星排120的齿圈38上。动力耦合机构离合器13主动部分与第一行星排120行星架37连接，被动部分与动力耦合输出主轴31连接。第一电动机/发电机40位于离合器13与第一行星排120之间。第一、二行星排120、130的太阳轮26、36连接在一起，并且与第二电动机/发电机50的转子52相连，第二电动机/发电机50位于第二行星排130、右侧汇流行星排110之间。动力耦合输出主轴31分别输出到两侧汇流行星排90、110的齿圈68、78。
独立驱动机构包含两个电动机60、70，两个行星排140、150和六个直齿轮63、64、65、73、74、75。电动机60、70的动力分别通过减速行星排140、150输出到轴49、59，通过多次直齿轮啮合，输出到两侧汇流排90、110的太阳轮66、76。左右侧汇流排90、110的行星架67、77为此机电复合传动装置的输出元件，最终将动力传递到车体两侧主动轮。
电动机/发电机40、50，以及独立驱动机构的两个电动机60、70通过导线112与控制器20连接，控制器20通过导线112与储能装置30相连。储能装置可以选择化学蓄电池，也可以选择超级电容或者飞轮电池等。
图2所示为在第一模式时动力耦合机构的功率流。此时，制动器12制动。发动机动力输入后经第二行星排130行星架27后分别通过齿圈28和太阳轮26进行分流，经齿圈28的功率流通过第一行星排120行星架37再次分流，一部分通过第一行星排120的齿圈38带动第一电动机/发电机40进行发电，另一部分经过第一行星排120的太阳轮36与第二行星排130的太阳轮26汇合，一起带动第二电动机/发电机50进行发电。
图3所示为在第二模式时动力耦合机构的功率流。此时，离合器13结合。发动机动力输入后经第二行星排130行星架27后分别通过齿圈28和太阳轮26进行分流，一部分经齿圈28的功率流传递到第一行星排120行星架37。另一部分经第二行星排130太阳轮26再次分流。其一传递到第一行星排120的太阳轮36，其二带动第二电动机/发电机50进行发电，将电功率传递给第一电动机/发电机40。此时第一电动机/发电机40工作在电动工况，其功率输出到第一行星排120的齿圈38。第一行星排120三处功率汇合经离合器13传递到输出轴31。
当处于直驶工况时，车辆可以由独立驱动部分或动力耦合部分分别单独驱动，两种模式均能实现机电复合无级传动特性。车辆由独立驱动部分驱动为第一模式，用于零车速到某一中等车速的车速范围；第一模式时，发动机带动动力耦合机构的两个电动机/发电机发电，车辆直驶和转向均由独立驱动机构的两个电动机完成。车辆由动力耦合部分驱动为第二模式，可用于从某一低于第一模式最高车速的车速开始到车辆的最高车速；第二模式时，在发动机转速不变的条件下，通过调节动力耦合机构第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机的转速，可以对输出车速进行无级调节，改善车辆的驾驶性能；在第二模式内，独立驱动电机可以根据驱动需求工作在发电工况或电动工况，用于提供大功率电能或获取良好的动力性；当独立驱动电机转速不同时，可以实现履带车辆的转向，行进中转向内侧履带的再生功率可以通过直驶变速路主轴进行回流，传递到外侧履带，提高车辆的转向性能。本发明综合了串联方案和混联方案的优点，串联模式适用于低速工况，利用电机大转矩、多象限工作的特点，满足车辆低速爬坡和倒挡行驶的要求；混联模式适用于中高速工况，充分利用机械传动效率高和电传动无级变速的特点，实现高效无级传动。在从第一模式到第二模式之间进行切换时，操纵元件可以进行无速差结合，提高了模式切换的平顺性，降低了冲击和模式切换时间需求。上述记载的独立驱动电机即为独立驱动机构的电动机。
根据履带车辆低速爬坡需求转矩较大的特点，第一模式主要用于爬32°等大坡，或其它极端困难的路面，也可以用来实现车辆低速行驶、加速行驶或中心转向等工况。即第一模式采用串联模式，用于满足大专局输出的要求，主要用于低速和中低速行驶，以及倒车行驶和爬陡坡的需求；第二模式采用混联模式，用于满足中高速和高速行驶的需求，具有较高的传动效率和燃油经济性。
当然，本发明还可有其它多种实施例，在不背离本发明精神及其实质的情况下，熟悉本领域的技术人员可根据本发明作出各种相应的改变和变形，但这些相应的改变和变形都应属于本发明所附的权利要求的保护范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：包括前传动机构、动力耦合机构、独立驱动机构以及设置在动力耦合机构两侧的汇流行星排；
所述前传动机构包含一个用于切断发动机动力的主离合器、两至三个直齿轮啮合对，所述直齿轮啮合对用于匹配传动比，调整发动机与动力耦合机构以及独立驱动机构的位置；
所述动力耦合机构包括两个行星排、两个电动机/发电机以及两个操纵元件；所述直齿轮啮合对驱动连接直齿轮，所述直齿轮驱动连接第二行星排的行星架，第二行星排的齿圈与第一行星排的行星架相固连，第一电动机/发电机的转子连接在第一行星排的齿圈上；所述动力耦合机构还包括动力耦合机构离合器和制动器，所述动力耦合机构离合器主动部分与第一行星排行星架连接，所述动力耦合机构离合器被动部分与动力耦合输出主轴连接；第一电动机/发电机位于动力耦合机构离合器与第一行星排之间；第一、二行星排的太阳轮连接在一起，并且与第二电动机/发电机的转子相连，第二电动机/发电机位于第二行星排与右侧汇流行星排之间；动力耦合输出主轴分别输出到两侧的汇流行星排的齿圈；
所述独立驱动机构包含两个电动机、两个行星排、和多个直齿轮，两个所述电动机的动力分别通过减速行星排输出到轴，通过多次直齿轮啮合，输出到两侧汇流排的太阳轮，左右两侧的汇流行星排的行星架为机电复合传动装置的输出元件，最终将动力传递到车体两侧主动轮。
2.根据权利要求1所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述动力耦合机构的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机，以及独立驱动机构的两个电动机通过导线与控制器连接，控制器通过导线与储能装置相连。
3.根据权利要求2所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述储能装置为化学蓄电池、超级电容、飞轮电池中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述制动器为湿式多片制动器，所述动力耦合机构离合器为湿式多片离合器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机、独立驱动机构的两个电动机均为永磁同步电机，且转子均为空心轴。
6.根据权利要求1所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述的第一电动机/发电机、第二电动机/发电机、独立驱动机构的两个电动机和储能装置通过导线与控制单元相连。
7.根据权利要求1所述的履带车辆机电复合传动装置，其特征在于：所述的发动机为柴油发动机。
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