CN109847739A - A kind of method of modifying of Pd/ γ-aluminum trioxide catalyst - Google Patents
A kind of method of modifying of Pd/ γ-aluminum trioxide catalyst Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Pd/ γ-Al2O3The method of modifying of catalyst; the key step of this method includes: to realize to be complexed with the noble metal of catalyst and carrier surface particle efficient first with macromolecule ligand compound; catalyst is handled under the conditions of specific temperature and protective gas again; it realizes and constructs uniform carbon coating in catalyst surface; the carbon coating in activation removal catalyst is carried out to catalyst finally by temperature appropriate and atmosphere, and the catalysis that catalyst is used for methane is burnt.It is obviously improved by the catalyst that the method for the present invention is handled relative to untreated catalyst activity.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to be catalyzed preparation technical field, and in particular to a kind of Pd/ γ-Al2O3The method of modifying of catalyst.
Background technique
Methane is hot room effect gas.It can the big volume low-concentration reducibility gas of association (its master during coal, oil exploitation
Wanting ingredient is methane), methane is enriched with or isolated economic benefit is lower, be directly discharged in atmosphere that environment can be caused again
Problem is needed to its purified treatment；Natural gas is widely used on automobile and power station as clean fuel simultaneously, is generated
Emission contain a certain amount of methane not being completely burned.Currently, most economical, effective to these low-concentration methane purified treatments
Mode be catalysis burning.
In methane catalytic combustion, loaded noble metal catalyst is more common catalyst.However since methane is one
Kind has the stabilization hydro carbons (413 kJ/mol of c h bond bond energy) of tetrahedral molecule structure, is to be most difficult to be activated in carbon containing hydro carbons
A kind of gas of oxidation, even if the living and conversion temperature completely of methane is all very high usually in the case where there is catalyst action.
Long-term hot operation easily leads to the inactivation of catalyst under the high temperature conditions.Therefore, the more effective low-concentration methane that solves is found to arrange
The key for putting problem, which is to research and develop, has more high activity, and the methane catalytic combustion catalyst with more high stability.
Wherein Pd base catalyst is widely studied and applied because of its good low temperature active, thermal stability.Determine Pd base
Interaction between the dispersion degree for having Pd of the performance of catalyst, the property and noble metal and carrier of carrier itself.
Such as a kind of anodised aluminium nano-tube array disclosed in patent CN 104014339A is carrier loaded Pd@CeO2Nucleocapsid knot
Structure unit catalyst synthesizes Pd@CeO by using Chemical self-assembly method2Core-shell structure unit, then by Pd@CeO2Structural unit from
It is adsorbed on high-specific surface area anodised aluminium in solution, is easy to be reduced into 3 from 4 valences since cerium oxide has to appraise at the current rate
Valence, therefore have very strong interaction and Pd@CeO between precious metals pd and cerium oxide2Core-shell structure unit is in oxidation aluminium
The high dispersive of material, such catalyst are that current methyl hydride combustion catalytic activity shows optimal catalyst.But the synthetic method is tediously long,
And crucial step must carry out under the atmosphere of complete isolating oxygen, synthetic method is at high cost, is difficult to business promotion application at present.
γ-Al2O3All it is better than cerium oxide with large specific surface area, porosity height and high-temperature thermal stability etc., as the expensive gold of carrier
Belong to the surface Yi Qi and realizes high dispersive, therefore Pd/ γ-Al2O3Catalyst is still most common commercialization methane catalytic combustion
Catalyst.But γ-Al2O3It is the oxide of irreducibility, the electronic defects on surface are less, the precious metals pd particle with load
Between interaction it is weaker, thus using conventional method preparation catalyst under the hot conditions of methane catalytic combustion, it is expensive
Metallic is easy to happen migration, agglomeration；The sintering of simultaneous oxidation aluminum particulate is undergone phase transition, and specific surface area sharply declines and leads
Cause catalyst inactivation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to Pd/ γ-Al2O3Catalyst presently, there are the problem of, provide a kind of relatively easy
Catalyst modification method enhances the interaction between precious metals pd and aluminium oxide by this method, increases catalyst surface
Defective bit constructs the interface more active sites Pd/Al, and then improves catalyst activity.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Pd/ γ-Al2O3The method of modifying of catalyst, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1, after saccharide compound is dissolved in alcohol-water mixed solvent, under cryogenic with Pd/ γ-Al2O3Catalyst mixing,
Specific acid adjusts pH value and dries and removes solvent after standing 3-24 hours after being sufficiently stirred；
Step 2 handles the catalyst sample of above-mentioned steps acquisition under the conditions of specific temperature and protective gas, by catalyst table
The saccharide compound that face combines is converted to carbon coating；
Step 3 is handled finally by temperature appropriate, atmosphere catalyst and is removed the carbon coating in catalyst, is obtained
Modified catalyst.
Pd/ γ-Al in step 12O3Catalyst is graininess, and granularity is 0.1-1000 μm, and Pd load capacity is equal to carrier matter
0.01 %-2 % of amount.
In step 1 saccharide compound be at least one of sucrose, glucose, water soluble chitosan, hyaluronic acid (HA),
Saccharide compound dosage is 0.1-5 times of catalyst quality.
Cryogenic conditions used in step 1 are room temperature to 50 DEG C, and solvent used is water and alcohol (ethyl alcohol, isopropanol, third
One of triol) mixed solution.The mass ratio of alcohol and water is (1-10) in solvent: 100, the usage amount of solvent is catalyst
3-100 times of quality.
Used obtain sour of acidity adjustment is one of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nitric acid in step 1, and acid concentration range used is
0.1-3 mol/L；The pH value adjustment range of solvent is 2.0-7.0.Dry preferred vacuum drying, drying temperature are no more than 80 DEG C.
Specific temperature in step 2 is one in 400,500,600,700,800 DEG C, and control reaches target temperature
Heating rate is 2-10 DEG C/min, and the time of processing at a certain temperature is 2-10h；Protective gas used is nitrogen, argon
One of gas, helium, carbon dioxide, gas flow are volume space velocity 1000-10000 h-1。
Proper temperature described in step 3 is 450-1000 DEG C, and the atmosphere is gaseous mixture 1(N2+O2) and gaseous mixture 2
(N2+H2O gaseous mixture), oxygen concentration is percentage by volume 3-10 % in gaseous mixture 1；Vapour concentration volume basis in gaseous mixture 2
Number 3-10 %.Gas flow is volume space velocity 1000-10000 h-1.Activation of catalyst first uses gaseous mixture under the conditions of target temperature
It after 2 processing 10-100min, is switched to gaseous mixture 1 and handles the identical time, repeatedly after 2-20 time, be passed through air and remove and urge
The carbon of agent surface whole.Control total processing time is 2-10h, and the catalysis that resulting catalyst can be applied to methane is burnt.
Remarkable advantage of the invention is:
(1) preparation method of the invention is simple, and condition is easily controllable, and raw material environmental protection is easy to get；
(2) chitosan of the invention used, hyaluronic acid (HA) contain a large amount of hydroxyl or amino, meeting and the expensive gold of catalyst surface
Belong to Pd and aluminium oxide particles complexing；The wellability of catalyst surface can be significantly improved by the way that alcohol appropriate is added in aqueous solution, into
And easily realize the uniform organic matter covering of catalyst surface, while catalyst surface is adjusted as carbon source by addition sucrose
The overlay capacity of carbon；
(3) compound of above-mentioned surface covering, which passes through to handle at a certain temperature under the conditions of inert gas shielding, can be converted into carbon
It realizes to Pd/ γ-Al2O3Catalyst uniform fold, since carburising surface is that reducing environment can promote alumina catalyst surface crystalline substance
The generation of lattice oxygen defect, palladium oxide changes to amorphous state Pd particle, due to the covering embedded with precious metal particle of a large amount of carbon particles
Migration be restricted；It uses steam and oxidizing atmosphere circular treatment catalyst at high temperature simultaneously, promotes partial oxidation aluminium, Pd
While interfacial structure rearrangement occurs for son, and the loss of surface area is not will lead to, relative to pre- using simple reducibility gas
Reduction treatment produces more aluminium oxide oxygen defects so that precious metals pd particle be easier to insertion surface alumina oxide lattice, Pd=
Dispersion degree, the thermal stability of Interaction enhanced, noble metal between Al are improved.Catalyst pair modified in this way
Methane activity significantly improves.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the dispersion degree of catalyst AC-650 and comparative sample A-650 of the invention compare figure.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to case study on implementation of the present invention, to the technical solution in case study on implementation of the present invention carry out it is clear, completely retouch
It states:
Pd/γ-Al2O3The preparation of catalyst:
Select commodity γ-Al2O3(230 m of specific surface area2/ g) it is carrier, by a certain amount of Pd (NO3)2Solution is impregnated into γ-
Al2O3It on carrier, after placing 24 h at room temperature, is dried at 80 DEG C, then is warming up to 260 DEG C with 10 DEG C/min and is roasted 2
H, obtaining load capacity is 1 wt% Pd/ γ-Al2O3Catalyst.Catalyst takes 120 ~ 150 microns of particle spare through sieve.Following reality
It applies and all uses the catalyst in example.
The activity rating of catalyst carries out in fixed bed quartz reaction device.The catalyst for weighing 200 mg, is placed on U
On-line checking is carried out in type quartz microreactor (i.d., 10 mm).Reaction gas (1 vol% CH4, 5 vol% O2, N2As
Balanced gas) with the flow velocity of 120 ml/min by catalyst bed, the corresponding ml/g/h of GHSV=36000: reaction product is by matching
There is the online gas chromatographic analysis of Agilent 7820A of thermal conductivity detector (TCD).
The measurement of the dispersion degree (effective metal percentage) of catalyst carries out on 2920 chemical adsorption instruments of Mike.It weighs
The catalyst of 500 mg is placed in U-shaped quartzy microreactor (i.d., 10 mm) and carries out on-line checking.Adsorbed gas (5vol%
CO, He are as balanced gas), carrier gas He, 50 ml/min of gas flow, 1 milliliter of quantity tube, 50 DEG C of adsorption temp.
Embodiment 1:
Sample compound complexing: taking glycerine and water in the ratio of 3:100 respectively, be made into 100 grams of alcohol-water mixed solvent, past molten
After adding 0.5 gram of water soluble chitosan dissolution in agent, 5 grams of spare Pd/ γ-Al is added2O3Catalyst.Second is used in being sufficiently stirred
After acid adjusts pH value to be equal to 5, after solution left standstill 24 hours, modified catalyst precursor A is obtained after 60 DEG C of vacuum drying；
The carbonization of sample: about 1 milliliter of modified catalyst precursor A is warming up under the conditions of about 100 ml/min nitrogen atmosphere
500 DEG C (heating rate is 5 DEG C/min) are handled 3 hours；
The activation of sample: sample temperature is controlled 650 DEG C, switching gas is gaseous mixture, and 100 ml/min of gas flow is arranged
Clock first leads to gaseous mixture 2(95% N2+5% H2O) after 30 minutes, then logical gaseous mixture 1(95% N2+5 % O2) 30 minutes；4 times repeatedly
Afterwards, it is passed through air, catalyst surface carbon is all removed.Controlling total processing time is 6 hours.Resulting catalyst is labeled as
Catalyst AC-650.
Directly adopt spare Pd/ γ-Al2O3Activation of catalyst: about 1 milliliter of spare Pd/ γ-Al is taken2O3Catalyst, will
Sample temperature controls 650 DEG C, and switching gas is gaseous mixture, and 100 ml/min of gas flow is arranged, and first leads to gaseous mixture 2(95 %
N2+5 %H2O) after 30 minutes, then logical gaseous mixture 1(95% N2+5% O2) 30 minutes；Repeatedly after 4 times, it is passed through air.The total place of control
Managing the time is 6 hours.Resulting catalyst is labeled as catalyst A-650.
Embodiment 2:
The specific steps are the same as those in embodiment 1；The activation temperature of different samples is set as 450 DEG C, respectively obtains catalyst sample AC-
450, A-450.
Above-mentioned sample is subjected to methane active testing, table 1 is that its methane conversion respectively reaches corresponding to 50 %, 90 %
Temperature.The more non-modified processing of catalyst of the same catalyst through the method for the present invention modification under the same terms to methane
Activity be obviously improved.
Fig. 1 is that the dispersion degree of catalyst AC-650 and comparative sample A-650 of the invention compare figure, is adopted as can be seen from Figure 1
There is higher metal dispersity relative to comparative sample A-650 with catalyst AC-650 of the invention.
The foregoing is merely a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is all special according to the present patent application
The equivalent changes and modifications that sharp range is done, are all covered by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al2O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that including following key step:
(1) by saccharide compound and Pd/ γ-Al under certain acidity, low temperature, solvent condition2O3Catalyst mixing, re-dry are removed
Remove solvent；
(2) catalyst for the surface covering organic matter that processing step (1) obtains under the conditions of certain temperature and protective gas, will
The saccharide compound that catalyst surface combines is converted to carbon coating；
(3) carbon coating in catalyst is handled catalyst and removed finally by temperature appropriate, atmosphere, is changed
The catalyst of property.
2. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that Pd/ γ-Al2O3
Catalyst is pellet type catalyst, and granularity is 0.1-1000 μm, and Pd load capacity is the 0.01-2 % of carrier quality.
3. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that step (1) institute
The saccharide compound stated is one of sucrose, glucose, water soluble chitosan and hyaluronic acid or a variety of, and dosage is catalysis
0.1-5 times of agent quality.
4. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that in step (1)
Cryogenic conditions are room temperature to 50 DEG C, and solvent is water and mixed alkoxide solution, and the mass ratio of alcohol and water is (1-10): 100, alcohol is second
One of alcohol, isopropanol and glycerine, the dosage of solvent are 3-100 times of catalyst quality.
5. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that in step (1)
Acid used in acidity adjustment is a kind or 2 kinds in hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and nitric acid, and acid concentration range is 0.1-3 mol/L.
6. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that in step (1)
Dry is vacuum drying, drying temperature≤80 DEG C.
7. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that in step (2)
Treatment temperature is one of 400 DEG C, 500 DEG C, 600 DEG C, 700 DEG C, 800 DEG C, and heating rate is 2-10 DEG C/min, when processing
Between be 2-10h, protective gas is one of nitrogen, argon gas, helium and carbon dioxide, and gas flow is volume space velocity 1000-
10000 h-1。
8. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that step (3) institute
The proper temperature stated is 450-1000 DEG C.
9. a kind of Pd/ γ-Al according to claim 12O3The method of modifying of catalyst, which is characterized in that the atmosphere packet
The gaseous mixture of oxygen containing nitrogen and nitrogen add the gaseous mixture of water, oxygen concentration range percentage by volume 3-25 % in gaseous mixture；It is mixed
Vapour concentration range percentage by volume 3-10 % in gas is closed, gas flow is volume space velocity 1000-10000 h-1, activation of catalyst
It is to be switched to nitrogen oxygen mixing gas disposal same time, so after the mixing gas disposal 10-100min for first adding water with nitrogen
Repeatedly after 4-20 times, then it is passed through air until catalyst surface carbon all removes, total processing time 2-10h.
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