CN109842486A - Four states of one kind modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordinating method and system - Google Patents
Four states of one kind modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordinating method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of four states modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordinating method and systems, which comprises key is modulated to coherent state, is sent to receiving end by quantum channel；Measurement result is obtained using balanced homodyne detector, and then obtain the normalization result of coherent state, and determine filter functional value, judge whether to retain every key, if, then freeze information in the position mark of this key, key information section in the key of reservation is sent to transmitting terminal by classical channel；Judge whether quantum channel is safe, will judge that information is sent to receiving end；If judging information for quantum channel safety, the information of freezing of the key information in addition to key information section is sent to transmitting terminal after system Polar code coding；It is decoded through system Polar code, obtains this and freeze the corresponding key information of information, amplify through close property, obtain final security key.Data harmonization efficiency can be improved in the present invention, effectively extraction security key, the degree that can reduce that the device is complicated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of quantum information science crossing, and particularly relates to a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method and system.
Background
According to the physical characteristics of Quantum mechanics, a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol transmits the Quantum state of encoded information between a sender and a receiver through a Quantum channel, can establish a secure communication key between legitimate users, and guarantees the security and the detectability of an eavesdropper on a physical mechanism. The theoretical scheme of the QKD protocol comprises two parts, wherein the first part comprises data encoding, transmission and decoding, and aims to establish shared data between two users and obtain a screening key; the second part is to detect whether the existing transmission process is safe or not through error rate estimation. If the result shows that the transmission process is safe, a safe key can be finally obtained through an information post-processing method. Unlike the Discrete Variable Quantum Key Distribution (DVQKD) protocol, which uses discrete variables such as polarization and phase of photons to carry information, the Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution (CVQKD) is a quantum key distribution protocol that uses continuously changing physical quantities to carry key information to be distributed. The method has the advantages of simple preparation equipment, high detection efficiency, good compatibility with the existing optical fiber network and the like, and becomes a research hotspot for quantum key distribution.
In the continuous variable quantum key distribution protocol, different quantum states can be selected as information carriers, different information modulation modes can be selected, and Gaussian modulation and discrete modulation are the most common. Theories and experiments show that although the Gaussian modulated CVQKD protocol has the advantage of maximum mutual information, the defect is obvious, namely the communication distance is far smaller than that of a discrete variable quantum key distribution protocol. The main reason is that the data coordination efficiency drops rapidly with increasing communication distance. There are two approaches to solving this problem: one is to design a data coordination algorithm with better performance, and the coordination efficiency is still higher under the condition of very low signal-to-noise ratio; another is to use a non-gaussian modulation protocol.
In 2009, levirrier et al proposed a coherent CVQKD protocol with two-state and four-state modulation, which is one of non-gaussian modulation protocols and increases communication transmission distance, but the protocol uses a linear noise-free amplifier device which is complex and has a practical success rate far lower than a desired value, and thus cannot meet the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method and system, and aims to improve the data coordination efficiency, effectively extract a security key and reduce the equipment complexity based on the four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method and system provided by the invention.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
in a method for coordinating the distribution of data by a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key, the improvement wherein the method is used at the transmitting end, comprising:
modulating a key to an amplitude component and a phase component of a coherent state through a laser, and transmitting the coherent state to a receiving end through a quantum channel;
judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end, and sending judgment information to a receiving end;
receiving the frozen bit information of the key returned from the receiving end;
acquiring key information corresponding to the received freezing bit information on an original key of the sending end;
and amplifying the confidentiality of the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end to obtain a final security key.
Preferably, the received key is a key information segment that is sent to the sending end after the receiving end performs the following processing on the coherent state:
measuring the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector to obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the keys;
acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys, and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
judging whether to reserve each key in the key according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserving the key, and marking frozen bit information at the position of the key;
and sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
Preferably, the determining whether the quantum channel is safe according to the bit error rate of the received key and the original key of the sending end itself includes:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
Preferably, the obtaining of the key information corresponding to the received frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end itself includes:
receiving frozen bit information coded by system Polar codes, and decoding the frozen bit information by the system Polar codes to obtain the frozen bit information;
and acquiring key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
Further, the obtaining of the frozen bit information by decoding of the system Polar code includes:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3>＝|αe7iπ/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
In a method of coordinating the distribution of data to a four-state modulated continuous variable quantum key, the improvement wherein the method is used at a receiving end, comprising:
measuring the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector to obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the keys;
acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys, and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
judging whether to reserve each key in the key according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserving the key, and marking frozen bit information at the position of the key;
sending the key information segment in the reserved key to a sending end through a classical channel;
if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe, the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key is sent to the sending end through the classical channel;
and amplifying the key information confidentiality except the key information section in the reserved key to obtain the final security key.
Preferably, the normalized result v of the coherent state is determined according to the following formula:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
Preferably, the value P of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state is determined according to the following formulaacc(v)：
Wherein, v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
Preferably, the determining whether to retain each secret key in the secret key according to a value of a filter function of a measurement result of each secret key in the secret key includes:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
Preferably, the sending frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel includes:
and coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
Further, the system Polar code encoding comprises:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
The invention also includes a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system, the improvement is that the system is used for a transmitting end, and the system comprises:
the modulation unit is used for modulating the key to the amplitude component and the phase component of the coherent state through the laser and transmitting the coherent state to the receiving end through the quantum channel;
the first judgment unit is used for judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end and sending judgment information to a receiving end;
the receiving unit is used for receiving the frozen bit information of the key returned by the receiving end;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring key information corresponding to the received freezing bit information on an original key of the sending end;
and the second acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end to acquire the final security key.
Preferably, the received key is a key information segment that is sent to the sending end after the receiving end processes the coherent state through the following modules:
the first acquisition module is used for measuring the received coherent state by using the balanced homodyne detector and acquiring the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys;
the first determining module is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
the judging module is used for judging whether each bit of key in the key is reserved according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, the bit of key is reserved, and the position of the bit of key is marked with frozen bit information;
and the sending module is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
Preferably, the first judging unit is configured to:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
Preferably, the first obtaining unit includes:
the decoding module is used for receiving the frozen bit information after the Polar code of the system is coded, and then decoding the frozen bit information through the Polar code of the system to obtain the frozen bit information;
and the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
Further, the decoding module is configured to:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3＞＝|αe7i π/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
In a four-state modulated continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system, the improvement wherein the system is for a receiving end, comprising:
a third obtaining unit, configured to measure the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector, and obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the key;
the first determining unit is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
a second judging unit, configured to judge whether to reserve each bit key in the key according to a filter function value of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserve the bit key, and mark frozen bit information at a position of the bit key;
the first sending unit is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel;
the second sending unit is used for sending the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe;
and the fourth acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to acquire the final security key.
Preferably, the first determining unit includes:
a second determining module for determining the normalization result v of the coherent state according to the following formula:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
Preferably, the first determining unit includes:
a third determination module for determining the value P of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state according to the following formulaace(v)：
Wherein, v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
Preferably, the second judging unit is configured to:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
Preferably, the second sending unit includes:
and the coding module is used for coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
Further, the encoding module is configured to:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
modulating the key to a coherent state, and sending the key to a receiving end through a quantum channel; obtaining a measurement result by using a balanced homodyne detector, further obtaining a coherent state normalization result, determining a filtering function value, judging whether each key is reserved, if so, marking frozen bit information at the position of the key, and sending a key information segment in the reserved key to a sending end through a classical channel; judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not, and sending judgment information to a receiving end; if the information is judged to be quantum channel safety, the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key is coded by a system Polar code and then sent to a sending end; decoding by a system Polar code to obtain key information corresponding to the frozen bit information, and after secret amplification, obtaining a final safety key;
the invention simulates the physical realization process of a linear noise-free amplifier by using the filter function, applies the filter function to the coherent CVQKD protocol of four-state modulation, reduces the complexity of equipment, avoids the difficulty of physical realization, has long communication transmission distance, extracts a key with certain probability and reserves the key with higher accuracy; and a reverse data coordination method based on system Polar codes is used for analyzing the protocol, so that the data coordination efficiency is improved, and the security key is effectively extracted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the result of distribution numbers of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method under different transmission distances;
fig. 4(a) and fig. 4(b) are graphs of distribution numbers at different amplification factors when a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method L of the present invention is 120km and 140km, respectively;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a reverse data coordination method based on system Polar codes in the technical solution provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of a change in bit error rate at different code rates for a reverse data coordination method based on system Polar codes in the technical solution provided by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In 2009, levirrier et al proposed coherent CVQKD protocols for two-state and four-state modulation, which are one of the non-gaussian modulation protocols, greatly increasing the communication transmission distance. However, the protocol uses a linear noise-free amplifier, and because the equipment of the linear noise-free amplifier is complex and the actual success rate is far lower than the expected value, the invention provides a physical realization process for simulating the linear noise-free amplifier by using a filter function, the method is applied to a four-state modulated coherent CVQKD protocol, and the protocol is analyzed by using a reverse data coordination method based on system Polar codes.
In a preparatory measurement scheme, the sender Alice will prepare four coherent states, S ═ { α eiπ/4,αe3iπ/4,αe5iπ/4,αe7i/π4And randomly and equally selecting one of the four coherent states to send to the receiving end Bob. Bob randomly measures the orthogonal component of the received state, the coherent state has a certain attenuation in intensity after being transmitted through the quantum channel, and extra noise epsilon introduced from the quantum channel can be superposed. Due to the attenuation of the channel and the superposition of channel noise, misjudgment of a part of keys can occur, so that the application of the linear noise-free amplifier in four-state modulation can be simulated by post selection.
If the quantum state rhoBAfter inputting a linear noise-free amplifier, if the amplification is successful, the quantum state can be obtainedComprises the following steps:
wherein,is a linear noise-free amplification operator, then, when the input state is coherent | α eiπ(2k+1)/4>. k ∈ {0, 1, 2, 3}, the successful amplification process of the linear noise-free amplifier can be expressed as:
according to the quantum measurement definition, measuring the received quantum ρ will obtain a measurement β with probability P (β):
where | β > is the measurement operator.
If to quantumState of the artPerforming measurement to obtain the resultProbability of (2)In order to realize the purpose,
it follows that a linear noise-free amplifier not only amplifies the input quantum state, but also changes the probability of obtaining this quantum measurement. Post design options are now available to implement this process. Order toWherein,is a coherent state general formula, v is a coherent state normalization result, g is a linear noise-free amplifier amplification factor, and the method can be obtained
It can be seen that the linear noise-free amplifier can be operated by a post-selected filter functionTo filter the obtained key acquisition.
However, analysis of the filter function w (v) can reveal that g is due to>1, so that the probability of this function is always greater than 1, which obviously does not achieve the goal of screening data. It can be found that the larger v, the greater the probability of being left, which is consistent with the actual situation. When the mean value of the Gaussian distribution is 0, most of itThe scores are all centered around 0, so we can choose a suitable intermediate value Δ, and keep keys with absolute values greater than or equal to Δ completely, while keys with absolute values less than Δ will be kept with a certain probability. Let the probability that the measurement result is retained be Pacc(v) The actual filter function Pacc(v) Can be designed as follows:
therefore, the four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes:
a sending end modulates a key to an amplitude component and a phase component of a coherent state through a laser, and sends the coherent state to a receiving end through a quantum channel;
a receiving end measures a received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector, obtains a balanced homodyne detector measuring result of each key in the key, obtains a normalization result of the coherent state according to the balanced homodyne detector measuring result of each key in the key, determines a filter function value of the normalization result of the coherent state, judges whether each key in the key is reserved according to the filter function value of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserves the key, marks frozen bit information at the position of the key, and sends a key information segment in the reserved key to a sending end through a classical channel;
the sending end judges whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end, and sends judgment information to a receiving end;
if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe, the receiving end sends the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel;
a sending end receives frozen bit information of a secret key returned by a receiving end, acquires the corresponding secret key information of the received frozen bit information on the original secret key of the sending end, amplifies the confidentiality of the corresponding secret key information of the frozen bit information on the original secret key of the sending end and acquires a final safety secret key;
and the receiving end amplifies the confidentiality of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key to obtain the final security key.
Determining the normalized result v of the coherent state as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
Determining the value P of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state according toacc(v)：
Wherein, v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
The determining whether to retain each bit of the secret key according to the value of the filter function of the measurement result of each bit of the secret key includes:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
The received key is a key information segment which is sent to the sending end after the receiving end processes the coherent state as follows:
measuring the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector to obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the keys;
acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys, and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
judging whether to reserve each key in the key according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserving the key, and marking frozen bit information at the position of the key;
and sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
The judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received key and the error rate of the original key of the sending end comprises the following steps:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
The sending the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel comprises the following steps:
and coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
The system Polar code encoding comprises:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
The acquiring of the key information corresponding to the received frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end itself includes:
receiving frozen bit information coded by system Polar codes, and decoding the frozen bit information by the system Polar codes to obtain the frozen bit information;
and acquiring key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
The obtaining of the frozen bit information through decoding of the system Polar code comprises the following steps:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, the coherent state is α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
On the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne detector measurement if the m-th key in the key isThe code is 0, the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne detector measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, and the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3>＝|αe7iπ/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
In order to verify the four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method and the reverse data coordination performance based on the system Polar code in the technical scheme provided by the invention, numerical simulation is performed.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation of a coordination method for distributing data of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key of the present invention, and fig. 3 is a result diagram illustrating a distribution number of the coordination method for distributing data of a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key of the present invention at different transmission distances. The experimental parameters selected by the four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution simulation are as follows: variance of coherent state VA0.108, 0.328 coherent state coefficient α, 0.005 quantum channel noise epsilon, 10 transmittance T-aL/10Wherein, the channel attenuation coefficient a is 0.2dB/km, L is the transmission distance, and the selected number of samples is 10000; as can be seen from fig. 3: when the transmission distance is 100km, the distribution number of each data is not about 0, which means that the influence of channel noise on the quantum state is not large, the error rate received by Bob is low, and data can be directly coordinated through channel coding to make the keys of both parties consistent. When the transmission distance reaches 120km, the signal received by Bob has values near 0, and at the moment, it is difficult to judge whether the original value is positive or negative, so that the error rate of the part is high; when the transmission distance reaches 140km, it can be seen that the value near 0 is more, and Bob's bit error is increased.
We will analyze the following cases for the distance L of 120km and L of 140 km: fig. 4(a) and fig. 4(b) are graphs showing distribution number results under different amplification factors when the four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data harmonization method L of the present invention is 120km and 140km, respectively. The results show that: when the signal attenuation is large and the error rate is increased, the probability of the number of the keys with small amplitude is effectively reduced by applying the post-selection protocol, the larger the amplification factor is, the smaller the probability that the keys near 0 are reserved is, and the better the coordination effect is.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a reverse data coordination method based on system Polar codes in the technical solution provided by the present invention. In the simulation, it is assumed that the secret key sent by the Alice terminal is a set of data with a mean value of 0 and a variance V of 1.328, and the secret key of the Bob terminal is received by the secret key of the Alice terminal through a gaussian noisy channel. The quantum channel is obeyed with a mean of 0 and a variance of σ20.005 is a gaussian distribution function. Setting the size of key data to be 1024 in simulation, setting the code rates R of system Polar to be 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 respectively in simulation, and researching the coordination efficiency under different code rates and the coordination efficiency under different amplification factors g.
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change of the bit error rate at different code rates in the reverse data coordination method based on the system Polar code in the technical scheme provided by the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 6, when the code length is fixed, with the increase of SNR, the bit error rate of the discrete modulation data coordination protocol based on the system Polar code is lower and better, and the error correction performance is better and better; on the other hand, when the SNR is the same, the bit error rate of the system Polar code based on the code rate of 0.5 is lower by one order of magnitude than that of the system Polar code using the code rate of 0.6, and the bit error rate of the system Polar code based on the code rate of 0.4 is also lower by one order of magnitude than that of the system Polar code using the code rate of 0.5. Therefore, it can be found that the lower the code rate of Polar code, the stronger the error correction capability based on the Polar code of the system, and the lower the applicable signal-to-noise ratio.
The invention also provides a four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system, as shown in fig. 7, the system is used for a transmitting end, and includes:
the modulation unit is used for modulating the key to the amplitude component and the phase component of the coherent state through the laser and transmitting the coherent state to the receiving end through the quantum channel;
the first judgment unit is used for judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end and sending judgment information to a receiving end;
the receiving unit is used for receiving the frozen bit information of the key returned by the receiving end;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring key information corresponding to the received freezing bit information on an original key of the sending end;
and the second acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end to acquire the final security key.
The received key is a key information segment which is sent to the sending end after the receiving end correspondingly processes the coherent state through the following modules:
the first acquisition module is used for measuring the received coherent state by using the balanced homodyne detector and acquiring the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys;
the first determining module is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
the judging module is used for judging whether each bit of key in the key is reserved according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, the bit of key is reserved, and the position of the bit of key is marked with frozen bit information;
and the sending module is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
The first judging unit is configured to:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
The first acquisition unit includes:
the decoding module is used for receiving the frozen bit information after the Polar code of the system is coded, and then decoding the frozen bit information through the Polar code of the system to obtain the frozen bit information;
and the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
The decoding module is configured to:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne detector measurement of the mth key in the key is 1,the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne detector measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3>＝|αe7iπ/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
A four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system, as shown in fig. 2, the system is used for a receiving end, and comprises:
a third obtaining unit, configured to measure the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector, and obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the key;
the first determining unit is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
a second judging unit, configured to judge whether to reserve each bit key in the key according to a filter function value of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserve the bit key, and mark frozen bit information at a position of the bit key;
the first sending unit is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel;
the second sending unit is used for sending the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe;
and the fourth acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to acquire the final security key.
The first determination unit includes:
a second determining module for determining the normalization result v of the coherent state according to the following formula:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
The first determination unit includes:
a third determination module for determining the value P of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state according to the following formulaacc(v)：
Wherein, v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
The second determination unit is configured to:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
The second transmitting unit includes:
and the coding module is used for coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
The encoding module is configured to:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.
Claims (22)
1. A four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method is used for a sending end and comprises the following steps:
modulating a key to an amplitude component and a phase component of a coherent state through a laser, and transmitting the coherent state to a receiving end through a quantum channel;
judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end, and sending judgment information to a receiving end;
receiving the frozen bit information of the key returned from the receiving end;
acquiring key information corresponding to the received freezing bit information on an original key of the sending end;
and amplifying the confidentiality of the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end to obtain a final security key.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the received key is a key information segment sent to the sending end by the receiving end after the receiving end performs the following processing on the coherent state:
measuring the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector to obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the keys;
acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys, and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
judging whether to reserve each key in the key according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserving the key, and marking frozen bit information at the position of the key;
and sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining whether the quantum channel is secure according to the bit error rate of the received key and the original key of the transmitting end itself comprises:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the corresponding key information of the received frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end itself comprises:
receiving frozen bit information coded by system Polar codes, and decoding the frozen bit information by the system Polar codes to obtain the frozen bit information;
and acquiring key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein said systematic Polar code decoding obtains said frozen bit information,
the method comprises the following steps:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3>＝|αe7iπ/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
6. A four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination method is used for a receiving end and comprises the following steps:
measuring the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector to obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the keys;
acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys, and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
judging whether to reserve each key in the key according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserving the key, and marking frozen bit information at the position of the key;
sending the key information segment in the reserved key to a sending end through a classical channel;
if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe, the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key is sent to the sending end through the classical channel;
and amplifying the key information confidentiality except the key information section in the reserved key to obtain the final security key.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the normalized result v of the coherent state is determined as follows:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the value P of the filter function of the normalized result of the coherent state is determined as followsacc(v)：
Wherein,v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the determining whether to retain the keys of the key based on the values of the filter function of the measurements of the keys of the key comprises:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein the sending frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to a sending end through the classical channel comprises:
and coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein said systematic Polar code encoding comprises:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
12. A four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system is characterized in that the system is used for a sending end and comprises:
the modulation unit is used for modulating the key to the amplitude component and the phase component of the coherent state through the laser and transmitting the coherent state to the receiving end through the quantum channel;
the first judgment unit is used for judging whether the quantum channel is safe or not according to the received secret key and the error rate of the original secret key of the sending end and sending judgment information to a receiving end;
the receiving unit is used for receiving the frozen bit information of the key returned by the receiving end;
the first acquisition unit is used for acquiring key information corresponding to the received freezing bit information on an original key of the sending end;
and the second acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end to acquire the final security key.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the received key is a key information segment that the receiving end sends to the sending end after processing the coherent state by:
the first acquisition module is used for measuring the received coherent state by using the balanced homodyne detector and acquiring the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys;
the first determining module is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
the judging module is used for judging whether each bit of key in the key is reserved according to the value of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, the bit of key is reserved, and the position of the bit of key is marked with frozen bit information;
and the sending module is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel.
14. The system of claim 12, wherein the first determining unit is configured to:
if the error rate according to the received secret key and the original secret key of the secret key is larger than the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is unsafe for the quantum channel; and if the error rate according to the received key and the original key is less than or equal to the error rate threshold value, judging that the information is the quantum channel safety.
15. The system of claim 12, wherein the first obtaining unit comprises:
the decoding module is used for receiving the frozen bit information after the Polar code of the system is coded, and then decoding the frozen bit information through the Polar code of the system to obtain the frozen bit information;
and the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the key information corresponding to the frozen bit information on the original key of the sending end.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the decode module is to:
if the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α0>＝|αeiπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1, then the coherent state is | α1>＝|αe3iπ/4>；
Coding on amplitude component of balanced homodyne detector measurement if m-th key in the key0, the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne detector measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, and the coherent state is | α2>＝|αe5iπ/4>；
If the code on the amplitude component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 1 and the code on the phase component of the balanced homodyne measurement of the mth key in the key is 0, then the coherent state is | α3>＝|αe7iπ/4>；
Wherein α is the coherent state coefficient.
17. A four-state modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution data coordination system, wherein the system is used for a receiving end, and comprises:
a third obtaining unit, configured to measure the received coherent state by using a balanced homodyne detector, and obtain a balanced homodyne detector measurement result of each key in the key;
the first determining unit is used for acquiring the normalization result of the coherent state according to the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the keys and determining the value of a filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state;
a second judging unit, configured to judge whether to reserve each bit key in the key according to a filter function value of the normalization result of the coherent state, if so, reserve the bit key, and mark frozen bit information at a position of the bit key;
the first sending unit is used for sending the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through a classical channel;
the second sending unit is used for sending the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to the sending end through the classical channel if the received judgment information is that the quantum channel is safe;
and the fourth acquisition unit is used for amplifying the confidentiality of the key information except the key information segment in the reserved key to acquire the final security key.
18. The system of claim 17, wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a second determining module for determining the normalization result v of the coherent state according to the following formula:
in the above formula, the first and second carbon atoms are,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each bit key in the key, and g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier.
19. The system of claim 17, wherein the first determining unit comprises:
a third determination module for determining the value P of the filter function of the normalization result of the coherent state according to the following formulaacc(v)：
Wherein,v is the result of the coherent state normalization,is the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of each key in the key, g is the amplification factor of the linear noiseless amplifier, and delta is the self-defined intermediate value.
20. The system of claim 17, wherein the second determination unit is configured to:
if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is greater than or equal to the filtering function threshold value, the mth key is reserved, the frozen bit information is marked at the position of the mth key in the key, and if the filtering function value of the mth key in the key is smaller than the filtering function threshold value, the next key is judged.
21. The system of claim 17, wherein said second transmitting unit comprises:
and the coding module is used for coding the frozen bit information of the key information except the key information section in the reserved key by a system Polar code and then sending the coded frozen bit information to the sending end through the classical channel.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the encoding module is to:
if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a positive value, the code is 1; if the amplitude component or the phase component of the measurement result of the balanced homodyne detector of the mth key in the key is a negative value, the code is 0.
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| CN114205080A (en) * | 2021-12-01 | 2022-03-18 | 山西大学 | Discrete modulation continuous variable quantum key distribution state modulation and key mapping method |
| CN115632767A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-01-20 | 北京邮电大学 | non-Gaussian error correction method for continuous variable quantum key distribution system |
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