CN109841878B - 用于燃料电池的cod控制方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于燃料电池的cod控制方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN109841878B
CN109841878B CN201810602083.XA CN201810602083A CN109841878B CN 109841878 B CN109841878 B CN 109841878B CN 201810602083 A CN201810602083 A CN 201810602083A CN 109841878 B CN109841878 B CN 109841878B
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cod
heater
oxygen consumption
cathode oxygen
power consumption
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CN109841878A (zh
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朴贞圭
芮昌焕
朴建炯
承世璧
廉翔喆
李承润
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Abstract

本申请提供了一种阴极氧消耗(COD)控制方法。该方法包括确定COD加热器是否运作并且当COD加热器运作时计算发电量和电力消耗。另外,通过比较所计算的发电量和电力消耗调整电力消耗。

Description

用于燃料电池的COD控制方法和系统
技术领域
本发明总体涉及用于燃料电池的阴极氧消耗(COD)控制方法和系统,并且更具体地,涉及在再生制动期间当COD运作时防止高压电池的能量消耗的技术。
背景技术
通常,燃料电池系统是指直接将燃料能量转换为电能的系统。在燃料电池系统中,阳极和阴极布置为其间插入有电解质,并且通过电离的燃料气体的电化学反应共同获得电和热。
应用于当前燃料电池车辆的燃料电池系统包括:燃料电池堆,被配置为从反应气体的电化学反应中产生电能;氢气供应设备,被配置为将氢作为燃料供应至燃料电池堆;空气供应设备,被配置为供应含有氧气的空气,氧气是电化学反应所需的氧化剂;以及热学管理系统,被配置为通过将热量排放到外部而最佳地调整燃料电池堆的工作温度,热量是燃料电池堆的电化学反应的副产物。
为了维持燃料电池的预期使用期限和运行性能并且获得高分子电解质燃料电池的最稳定的输出条件,应当将燃料电池的温度保持在约25℃(室温)至80℃的温度范围内。因此,通过热学管理系统的处理(诸如,电池堆的冷却)必须防止燃料电池系统中电池堆的温度升高。通常,主要使用热学管理系统,其中水循环通过电池堆中的冷却剂通道以将燃料电池堆维持在最佳温度。
这种热学管理系统(TMS)包括连接在燃料电池堆与散热器之间用于冷却剂的循环的冷却剂管路、旁通管路和绕过冷却剂却不穿过散热器的三通阀、将冷却剂泵送通过冷却剂管路的泵、加热冷却剂的加热器等等。此外,通过使用冷却剂加热器可以得到防止电池堆劣化的效果,从而改善耐用性,改善冷起动性,扩大再生制动等等。
将阴极氧消耗(COD)连接至电池堆的两个端子从而在燃料电池车辆启动或停止时防止电池堆的耐久性劣化,并且因此,通过氢和氧的反应的发电被消耗为热能。因此,除了COD之外,需要这样一种加热器,其能够使冷却剂快速加热以在启动车辆之后帮助电池堆在低于冰点的温度下发电。当冷却剂加热器与COD单独构造时,组件的成本增加并且不能确保布局空间。使用用于燃料电池车辆的组合式COD/加热单元,其将用于确保燃料电池车辆的冷起动性的加热器功能和用于确保现有电池堆的耐久性的COD功能组合在一起。
燃料电池车辆具有为高压电池充入在制动器期间再生的能量的再生制动功能。因此,当驱动燃料电池车辆下坡时通过再生制动从电动机回收电能,并且相应能量用于给高压电池充电。然而,当车辆在下坡道路上连续驱动时,高压电池的充电状态(SOC)超过极限值时,由于不再能够给电池充电,因此再生制动也变得不可能。
在这种情况下,通过运作COD加热器并且消耗包含通过再生制动回收的能量的剩余电力能够尽可能地维持再生制动。此外,通过运作包含冷却剂泵、散热器的散热风扇等的辅助机械能最大限度地消耗剩余电力以便消耗最大量的电力。然而,当运作COD加热器时,功率消耗保持恒定并且辅助机械的电力消耗保持最大。因此,当COD消耗输出大于剩余电力时,高压电池放电并且因此充电量减小。
图1示出根据相关技术在再生制动期间COD加热器运作时电池的充电量与输出。参考图1,当从第三级的再生制动模式(CstRgn LV3)变成第一级的再生制动模式(CstRgnLV1)时,随着COD加热器持续运作(COD Htr ON),高压电池的SOC逐渐下降,并且电池放电并且通过对充入能量进行放电来发电。
图2示出根据相关技术基于车辆速度和再生制动模式的再生制动能量。参考图2,COD加热器持续消耗电力。因此,当COD加热器在再生制动模式下运作时,COD加热器持续消耗电力。
因此,当在第三级再生制动模式(CstRgn LV3)中车辆速度等于或大于37kph时,给高压电池充电。然而,当车辆速度小于37kph时,车辆消耗高压电池的充电量。在第二级再生制动模式(CstRgn LV2)中,当车辆速度是68kph以上时,给高压电池充电。然而,当车辆速度小于68kph时车辆消耗高压电池的充电量并且在整个车辆速度范围内车辆消耗高压电池的充电量(CstRgn LV1)。
当电池的充电量低于预定水平时,COD加热器停止并且通过再生制动给高压电池充电。然而,当在回收再生制动能量之前车辆完成在下坡道路的驾驶时,仅损耗电池的充电量。换言之,当在再生制动模式中驾驶时,随着COD加热器运作,通过消耗充电量给高压电池放电,从而导致电力损耗并且驱动效率降低。
上述内容仅旨在帮助对本发明的背景技术进行理解,而并非旨在表示本发明落入已为本领域技术人员所知的现有技术的范围内。
发明内容
因此,本发明提供一种用于燃料电池的COD控制方法和系统,其中,当COD加热器运作时系统比较发电量和电力消耗以维持高压电池的充电量。
根据本发明的一个方面,用于燃料电池的COD控制方法可以包括:确定阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器是否运作;当COD加热器运作时,计算发电量和电力消耗;以及通过比较所计算发电量和电力消耗调整电力消耗。
具体地,在确定COD加热器是否运作之前,该方法还可以包括检查高压电池的充电量。当高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,COD加热器运作。在确定COD加热器是否运作之前,该方法还可以包括确定具有COD加热器的车辆是否处于再生制动状态,其中,当车辆处于再生制动状态时并且高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,COD加热器运作。
当计算发电量和电力消耗时,可以通过包含通过再生制动回收的电力计算发电量。另外,可以通过包含由COD加热器、冷却剂泵、以及冷却散热器的散热风扇消耗的电力计算电力消耗。可以基于所计算电力消耗与发电量之间的差异调整冷却剂泵或者冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速以可变。具体地,可以通过预存储地图可变地调整冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速。
此外,当电力消耗小于或等于发电量时,冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速可以增大,并且当电力消耗超过发电量时,冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速可以下降。当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值或最小值时,可以可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压。具体地,可以基于所计算电力消耗与发电量之间的差异通过预存储的地图可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压。
此外,当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值时,施加于COD加热器的电压可以增大,并且当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最小值时,施加于COD加热器的电压可以下降。可以运作连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的双向直流电-直流电(DC-DC)转换器以改变施加于COD加热器的电压。
根据本发明的另一方面,用于燃料电池的COD控制系统可以包括:COD加热器,消耗连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的电力;以及控制器,被配置为确定COD加热器是否运作,当COD加热器运作时,计算发电量和电力消耗,并且通过比较所计算的发电量和电力消耗调整电力消耗。
系统还可以包括:再生制动确定单元,被配置为确定具有COD加热器的车辆是否处于再生制动状态;以及高压电池,连接到主母线终端并且被配置为通过充电储存电力或者通过放电提供电力。当再生制动确定单元确定车辆处于再生制动状态并且高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,控制器可被配置为运作COD加热器。
控制器还可以被配置为通过可变地调整冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速来调整电力消耗。控制器可被配置为当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最大或最小值时,控制器可被配置为可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压。另外,控制器可被配置为通过操作连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的双向DC-DC转换器并且可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压来调整电力消耗。
根据用于燃料电池的COD控制方法和系统,控制方法和系统防止给高压电池充入的电力被不必要地浪费,从而提高驾驶效率。此外,控制方法和系统通过减少散热风扇和泵每分钟的驱动转速(RPM)减少噪声的出现。控制方法和系统还减少散热风扇和泵的驱动次数,并且使高压电池的充电与放电次数最小化,从而增大耐用性。
附图说明
结合附图根据下面的详细描述,将更为清晰地理解本发明的上述以及其他目的、特征和其他优点,其中:
图1示出根据相关技术在再生制动期间当COD加热器运作时电池的充电量与输出;
图2示出根据相关技术基于车辆速度和再生制动模式的再生制动能量;
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于燃料电池的阴极氧消耗(COD)控制方法的流程图;
图4和图5示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式根据发电量和电力消耗的控制地图;以及
图6是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的燃料电池的COD控制系统的框图。
具体实施方式
应当理解的是,本文中所使用的术语“车辆(vehicle)”或“车辆的(vehicular)”或其他类似术语包括广义的机动运载工具:诸如,载客车辆(包括运动型多用途车辆(SUV)、公共汽车、卡车、各种商用车辆)、水运工具(包括各种船只和船舶)、航空器等;并且包括混合动力车辆、电动车辆、插电混合动力车辆、氢动力车辆、和其他替代燃料车辆(例如,从除石油以外的资源获取的燃料)。如本文中提及的,混合动力车辆是具有两种或更多种动力源的车辆,例如,汽油动力和电动的车辆。
尽管示例性实施方式被描述为使用多个单元来执行示例性过程,然而,可以理解的是,也可通过一个或多个模块来执行示例性过程。此外,应该理解的是,术语控制器/控制单元是指包括存储器和处理器在内的硬件设备。储存器配置成储存模块,并且处理器具体地配置成执行所述模块以执行在下文进一步描述的一个或多个过程。
本文所使用的术语仅是用于描述具体实施方式的目的,而非旨在限制本发明。除非上下文另有明确说明,否则如本文所用的单数形式“一个”、“一种”和“该”也旨在包括复数形式。应该进一步理解的是,当在本说明书中使用时,术语“包括(comprises)”和/或“包括有(comprising)”规定了所阐述的特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件和/或部件的存在,但并不排除存在或附加有一个或多个其他特征、整体、步骤、操作、元件、部件和/或它们的群组。如本文所使用的,术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关列出的项目的任意及全部组合。
除非明确陈述或根据上下文显而易见,否则,如在本文中使用的,术语“约”理解为在本领域的正常公差范围内,例如,在平均值的2个标准偏差内。“约”可被理解为在所述值的10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%、0.1%、0.05%或者0.01%内。除非另从上下文中清晰可见,否则本文中所提供的所有数值可被术语“约”修饰。
本文中公开的本发明的示例性实施方式的具体结构和功能描述仅为了本发明的实施方式的示例性目的。在不偏离本发明的精神和显著特性的前提下,本发明可以体现为很多不同的形式。因此,仅出于示例性目的公开本发明的示例性实施方式并且不应当解释为限制本发明。
现在将详细参考本发明的各种示例性实施方式,由于本发明的示例性实施方式可以很多不同的形式进行不同的修改,在附图中示出本发明的示例性实施方式的具体实例并且在下面进行描述。尽管将与本发明的示例性实施方式相结合描述本发明,但是应当理解本说明并不旨在将本发明限制为那些示例性实施方式。相反,本发明旨在不仅涵盖示例性实施方式,而且还涵盖可包含在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神和范围内的各种替换、修改、等同物及其他实施方式。
需要理解的是,虽然在本文中可能用术语“第一”、“第二”等来描述各个元件,但这些元件不应受这些术语的限制。这些术语仅用于将一个元件与另一元件区分开。例如,在不背离本发明的教导的情况下,下文所讨论的第一元件可以被称为第二元件。类似地,第二元件也可以称为第一元件。
可以理解,当元件被称为“结合”或者“连接”至另一元件时,元件可直接结合或者连接至另一元件或者也可存在插入元件。与此相反,应当理解,当提到一元件或层“直接结合至”或者“直接连接至”另一元件或层时,则不存在中间的元件或层。应当以同样的方式解释说明元件之间的关系的其他表达,诸如,“之间”、“直接在...之间”、“邻近于”、或“直接邻近于”。
除非另有明确限定,本文使用的所有术语(包括技术和科学术语)具有与由本发明所属领域的普通技术人员所通常理解的相同含义。应进一步理解,诸如在常用字典中限定的那些的术语应当被解释为具有与在相关领域和本公开内容的上下文中它们的含义相一致的含义,并且将不得以理想化或者过度形式化意义进行解释,除非在本文中明确地如此限定。
在下文中,将参照附图详细地描述本发明的示例性实施方式。贯穿附图,相同的参考标号将指相同或类似的部件。
图3是示出根据本发明的示例性实施方式的用于燃料电池的阴极氧消耗(COD)控制方法的流程图。下面在本文中描述的方法可以通过具有处理器和存储器的控制器执行。参考图3,根据本发明的示例性实施方式的燃料电池的COD控制方法可以包括:确定COD加热器是否运作(未示出);当COD加热器运作时(S100)计算发电和电力消耗(S200);以及比较所计算的发电和电力消耗(S300)并且调整电力消耗(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610)。
具体地,在确定COD加热器是否运作(未示出)之前,方法可以进一步包括检查或者检测高压电池的充电量(未示出)。当高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,COD加热器可以运作(S100)。另外,在确定COD加热器是否运作(未示出)之前,方法还可以包括确定具有COD加热器的车辆是否处于再生制动状态。当车辆处于再生制动状态并且高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,COD加热器可以运作(S100)。换言之,在确定车辆是否在再生制动状态下运作之后可以确定要运作COD加热器,在再生制动状态中,在驱动电动机中通过再生制动回收能量,检测高压电池的充电量以确定充电量是否等于或大于预定充电量。
考虑到高压电池的安全性,预定充电量可以是优选不再充入最大充电量的水平。根据另一示例性实施方式,即使没有进行再生制动,COD加热器也可以通过确定高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量来运作。传统地,当COD加热器运作消耗电力时,调整辅助机械的电力消耗以维持最大值,例如,将冷却剂泵和散热风扇的旋转速度同时调整到最大RPM。假定在本发明中COD加热器的运作包括这种控制器。
此外,在计算发电量时(S210),可以通过包含通过再生制动回收的电力计算发电量。发电量可以包括从驱动电动机回收的电力。此外,发电量可以包括在燃料电池堆运作期间从燃料电池堆产生的电力,但可能不包括高压电池的充入及排放能量因为能量不是新产生的电力。在计算电力消耗时(S220),可以通过包含由COD加热器、冷却剂泵、以及冷却散热器的散热风扇消耗的电力计算电力消耗。
通常,当COD加热器运作时,通过公式P=VI=V2/R确定所消耗电力并且通过硬件(例如,电阻传感器或其他类型的测量设备)确定内部线圈电阻。因此,当主母线终端电压恒定时,电力消耗可以是恒定的。此外,可以以最大电力消耗的每个最大转速(RPM)驱动冷却剂泵和散热风扇。
表1
散热风扇[rpm] 电力消耗[W]
700 29
1000 41
1500 81
2000 154
3000 437
4200 1120
表1示出当向散热风扇施加400V时散热风扇根据转速的电力消耗。参考表1,散热风扇可以最大消耗1120W的电力,但是随着其转速改变电力消耗能够降低至29W。因此,当调整散热风扇的转速时,散热风扇消耗的电力能够控制在约1100W以下。
表2
泵[rpm] 电力消耗[W]
2500 11
3000 21
6000 180
表2示出当向冷却剂泵施加400V时冷却剂泵根据转速的电力消耗。参考表2,冷却剂泵可以最大消耗180W的电力,但是随着其转速改变电力消耗能够降低至11W。因此,当调整冷却剂泵的转速时,在冷却剂泵中消耗的电力能够控制在170W以下。
在将所计算的电力消耗与发电量比较之后(S300),电力消耗的调整(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610)可以包括基于所计算电力消耗与发电量之间的差异调整冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速以使其改变。具体地,电力消耗的调整(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610)可以包括当电力消耗小于或等于发电量时(S410),提高冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速。另一方面,当电力消耗超过发电量时(S420),可以降低冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速。
另外,在调整电力消耗时(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610),当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值(S500)或最小值(S600)时,可以可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压(S510)或者(S610)。
表3
表3示出根据COD加热器的输入电压COD加热器的电力消耗。参考表3,当输入电压是400V时COD加热器消耗18.2kW,但是当输入电压是300V时消耗10.2kW。因此,可以通过调整COD加热器的输入电压控制电力消耗。
在调整电力消耗时(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610),当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值(S500)时,施加于COD加热器的电压可以增大(S510)。另一方面,当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速变为预定最小值时(S600),施加于COD加热器的电压可以降低(S610)。换言之,当冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速被调整为最大值或最小值时,不再通过调整冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速控制电力消耗,并且因此,能够调整施加于COD加热器的电压。
施加于COD加热器的电压涉及各种燃料电池系统,诸如,驱动电动机、辅助机械等等。因此,在调整能够单独控制的冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速并且冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速被调整为最大值或最小值之后,能够调整施加于COD加热器的电压。
具体地,以上描述了当不通过运作冷却剂泵或散热风扇控制电力消耗时,调整施加于COD加热器的电压。然而,可以同时执行COD加热器和冷却剂泵或散热风扇的操作,或者可以提前执行施加于COD加热器的电压的调整。由于当施加于COD加热器的电压被最低限度地改变时电力消耗基本上被改变,因此调整施加于COD加热器的电压有利于响应和控制范围。
此外,在调整电力消耗时(S410)、(S420)、(S510)、以及(S610),可以操作连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的双向DC-DC转换器(BHDC)以改变施加于COD加热器的电压。施加于COD加热器的电压可以等于主母线终端的电压或者通过主母线终端的电压而改变,并且主母线终端的电压可以通过操作BHDC而改变。
然后,可以确定COD加热器的操作是否是关闭的条件(S700)。由在下坡道路上完成驾驶引起的再生制动不足时或者电池的充电量降低至低于预定充电量时,可以关闭COD加热器运作。因此,可以将BHDC的电压调整为基础电压(例如,启动电压),并且散热风扇和冷却剂泵可以在通过独立的温度传感器等调整其温度的正常模式中运作(S800)。
图4和图5示出本发明的示例性实施方式根据发电量和电力消耗的控制地图。参考图4,在调整电力消耗时,可以使用预存储地图可变地调整冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速。参考图5,可以基于所计算电力消耗与发电量之间的差异通过预存储的地图可变地调整施加于COD加热器的电压。
具体地,当发电量等于电力消耗(G=C)时,可以维持本RPM或基础电压。当发电量大于电力消耗(G>C)时,冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速可以增大,同时施加于COD加热器的电压也可以增大,从而增大电力消耗。当发电量小于电力消耗(G<C)时,冷却剂泵或散热风扇的转速可以降低,同时施加于COD加热器的电压也可以降低,从而降低电力消耗。
发电量与电力消耗之间差异越大,RPM或输入电压的变化越大,电力消耗增减越大或越小。考虑到冷却剂泵和散热风扇的稳定性和噪音问题,可以将转速的最大值或最小值仅设定并控制在最大值与最小值之间的范围。另外,考虑到连接到主母线终端的其他设备的稳定性,可以将施加于COD加热器的电压的最大值或最小值仅设定并控制在最大值与最小值之间的范围。
图6是根据本发明的示例性实施方式的燃料电池的COD控制系统的框图。参考图6,根据本发明的示例性实施方式的COD控制系统可以包括:COD加热器60,被配置为消耗连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的电力;以及控制器10,被配置为确定COD加热器60是否运作,当COD加热器运作时计算发电量和电力消耗,并且通过比较所计算发电量和电力消耗调整电力消耗。
系统还可以包括:再生制动确定单元20,被配置为确定具有COD加热器60的车辆是否处于再生制动状态;以及高压电池30,连接到主母线终端并且被配置为通过充电储存电力或者通过放电提供电力。当再生制动确定单元20确定车辆处于再生制动状态并且高压电池30的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,控制器10可被配置为运作COD加热器60。
控制器10和再生制动确定单元20可以是独立的控制器或者可以包括在燃料控制单元(FCU)中。具体地,控制器10可被配置为通过可变地改变冷却剂泵50或冷却散热器的散热风扇40的转速调整电力消耗。另外,当冷却剂泵50或散热风扇40的转速变为预定最大或最小值时,控制器10可被配置为可变地调整施加于COD加热器60的电压。控制器10可被配置为通过运作连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的BHDC 70并且可变地改变施加于COD加热器60的电压来调整电力消耗。
因此,控制器10可被配置为接收再生制动确定单元20和高压电池30的信息,确定COD加热器60是否运作,运作COD加热器60(如果还没运作),将发电量和电力消耗相比较,并且可变地调整散热风扇40和冷却剂泵50的转速或者运作BHDC 70以调整电力消耗,从而可变地调整施加于COD加热器60的电压。具体地,燃料电池的COD控制系统的详细说明与燃料电池的COD控制方法相同,因此将省去。
尽管已经描述了本发明的示例性实施例以用于说明目的,但本领域技术人员将会意识到,在不背离如所附权利要求中公开的本发明的范围和精神的情况下,各种修改、添加和替换是可能的。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于燃料电池的阴极氧消耗(COD)控制方法,包括:
由控制器确定阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器是否运作;
当所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器运作时,由所述控制器计算发电量和电力消耗;以及
由所述控制器通过比较所计算的发电量和电力消耗调整电力消耗;
其中,通过包含通过再生制动回收的电力和在燃料电池堆的运行期间从所述燃料电池堆生成的电力来计算所述发电量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在确定所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器是否运作之前,由所述控制器检测高压电池的充电量,
其中,当所述高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器运作。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括:
在确定所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器是否运作之前,由所述控制器确定具有所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的车辆是否处于再生制动状态,
其中,当所述车辆处于所述再生制动状态并且高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器运作。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,通过包含由所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器、冷却剂泵、以及冷却散热器的散热风扇所消耗的电力计算所述电力消耗。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,在调整所述电力消耗时,基于所计算电力消耗和发电量之间的差异调整冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,使用预存储地图可变地调整所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,当所述电力消耗小于或等于所述发电量时,所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速增大,并且当所述电力消耗超过所述发电量时,所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速下降。
8.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,当所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值或最小值时,可变地调整施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,基于所计算电力消耗与发电量之间的差异,使用预存储地图可变地调整施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,当所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速变为所述预定最大值时,施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压增大,并且当所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速变为所述预定最小值时,施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压下降。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中,操作连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的双向直流电-直流电(DC-DC)转换器以改变施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压。
12.一种用于燃料电池的阴极氧消耗(COD)控制系统,包括:
阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器,被配置为消耗连接到燃料电池堆的主母线终端的电力;以及
控制器,被配置为确定所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器是否运作,当所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器运作时,计算发电量和电力消耗,并且通过比较所计算的发电量和电力消耗调整所述电力消耗;
其中,通过包含通过再生制动回收的电力和在所述燃料电池堆的运行期间从所述燃料电池堆生成的电力来计算所述发电量。
13.根据权利要求12所述的系统,还包括:
再生制动确定单元,被配置为确定具有所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的车辆是否处于再生制动状态;以及
高压电池,连接到所述主母线终端并且被配置为通过充电储存电力或者通过放电提供电力,
其中,当所述再生制动确定单元确定所述车辆处于所述再生制动状态并且所述高压电池的充电量等于或大于预定充电量时,所述控制器被配置为运作所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器。
14.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为通过可变地调整冷却剂泵或冷却散热器的散热风扇的转速调整所述电力消耗。
15.根据权利要求14所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为在所述冷却剂泵或所述散热风扇的转速变为预定最大值或最小值时调整施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压以可变地进行改变。
16.根据权利要求12所述的系统,其中,所述控制器被配置为通过操作连接到所述燃料电池堆的所述主母线终端的双向直流电-直流电(DC-DC)转换器并且可变地调整施加于所述阴极氧消耗(COD)加热器的电压调整所述电力消耗。
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