CN109840388A - A kind of numerical simulation evaluation method of geothermal system heat wave and degree - Google Patents
A kind of numerical simulation evaluation method of geothermal system heat wave and degree Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of geothermal system heat wave and degree numerical simulation evaluation methods, initially set up a series of underground heat storage layer master pattern of characterization underground heat storage layer, and all underground heat storage layer master patterns constitute master pattern set；Then the master pattern set is solved to obtain zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio；The value of the zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio changes with time, by zero dimension outlet temperature be 0.5 when heat-exchange time corresponding to overall thermal recovery ratio be defined as the hot sweep efficiency E of high temperature productionT, ETIt is more big that explanatorily thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher.This method operation is simple, is capable of the geothermal system heat wave and degree of quantization signifying difference fractue spacing.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geothermal system heat wave and the numerical simulation evaluation methods of degree, and in particular to one kind is split based on difference
The geothermal system of seam distribution adopts thermal efficiency numerical simulation evaluation method.
Background technique
With the fast development of global economy and the excessive use of fossil energy, increase the supply of native country renewable energy
As whole society's focus of attention problem, the necessity for reappraising all alternative energy sources is highlighted, especially those are in the whole nation
Widely distributed alternative energy source in range.Geothermal energy is different from wind energy and solar energy is limited by the excellent of weather effect due to having
Gesture and big, widely distributed, the environmentally protective feature of reserves have become very competitive reconstruction resource in the future.
Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is to realize that drawing for deep high heat rock mass thermal energy provides new thinking, and this method is
The flow channel of heat transport fluid is artificially injected by taking the engineerings such as hydraulic fracturing means to be formed in low-permeability dry-heat rock body
Carry out exploitation of geothermal energy.Therefore crack is the important geologic structure of deep geothermal, is the convection current of working fluid and Rock Matrix
The important place of heat exchange.It appears and the data such as rock core shows that rock fracture follows a variety of distribution characteristics, cause fluid flowing
Heterogeneity, and eventually lead to system heat exchange heterogeneity.In the geothermal exploitation initial stage, output water maintains rock initial
It is temperature-resistant, but with the progress that underground heat is exploited, the low-temperature space (cold front) of rock can be gradually prominent to producing well along flow channel
Into, when cold front leading edge reach producing well when will cause output water temperature decline.Wherein, the speed that cold front leading edge is broken through to producing well
It is related to fracture network distribution.The producer wishes that geothermal system can produce more under higher leaving water temperature in exploitation
Heat guarantees to maintain higher water temperature while higher flow, this needs the fracture network of rock heat wave with higher
And degree.Therefore the heat wave of quantitative analysis rock and degree, which have the superiority and inferiority of evaluation fracture network and the effect of hydraulic fracturing, refers to
Lead meaning.
Currently, mainly emphasizing the variation of producing well output coolant-temperature gage for the numerical simulation of underground heat, do not emphasize that rock is whole
The corresponding relationship of body heat recovery ratio and outlet temperature, also without a kind of heat wave of quantitatively characterizing rock for integrating various influence factors
And the method for degree.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide one kind simple, Neng Gouliang that is suitable for numerical simulation, operation
Change the method for the geothermal system heat wave and degree that characterize different fractue spacings.
To achieve the goals above, The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows: a kind of geothermal system heat wave and degree numerical value
Simulation evaluation method initially sets up a series of underground heat storage layer master pattern of characterization underground heat storage layer, all underground heat storage layer
Master pattern constitutes master pattern set；Then the master pattern set is solved to obtain zero dimension outlet temperature and entirety
Thermal recovery yield；The value of the zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio changes with time, and zero dimension is gone out
Overall thermal recovery ratio corresponding to heat-exchange time when mouth temperature is 0.5 is defined as the hot sweep efficiency E of high temperature productionT, ETIt is bigger
Explanatorily thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher.
As an improvement, the process of the master pattern set are as follows:
S01: underground heat storage layer master pattern is established:
By the fracture length regularity of distribution, intensity is used as constraint to establish two-dimensionally thermmal storage layer master die with parameter is penetrated
Type, and by changing the regularity of distribution, intensity and penetrates parameter and obtains multiple underground heat storage layer master patterns, all geothermal reservoirs
It deposits layer master pattern and constitutes master pattern set；
1) the fracture length regularity of distribution is power-law distribution, as shown in formula (1):
N (l, L)=α LDl-a,forl∈[lmin,lmax] (1)；
Wherein, n (l, L) indicates that side length is square cartridge internal fissure length l the splitting in [l, l+dl] (dl < < l) of L
Quantity is stitched, D is fractal dimension, and a is fracture length index, and α is constant relevant to fracture spacing, lminIndicate square cartridge
The minimum value of internal fissure length, lmaxIndicate the maximum value of square cartridge internal fissure length；
2) such as formula (2) and formula (3) are shown respectively with parameter is penetrated for the intensity:
Wherein, l ' indicates that in area be AL=L2In the range of crack length, γ indicate intensity, P expression penetrate ginseng
Number；
As an improvement, described solve the master pattern set to obtain zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal harvesting
The process of rate are as follows:
Hot-fluid mathematical model coupling is established to solve the master pattern set, the specific steps are as follows:
A) assume the porous media that geothermal reservoir is made of matrix and discrete fractures, and the permeability of matrix is much smaller than
Crack；
Assuming that keeping the property of heat-exchange working medium not change during simulation；The control in matrix and crack flow and its
The constitutive equation that exchanges heat is established as follows:
For heat-exchange working medium in the steady-flow of porous media, it is specified that flowing meets Darcy's equation, the matter of Medium Culture fluid
Measure conservation equation are as follows:
Wherein, p is pressure, and k is permeability, and μ is heat-exchange working medium viscosity, and Q is source item；
B) since crack uses one-dimensional representation, the mass-conservation equation based on fluid in cubic law crack are as follows:
Wherein, dfFor fracture aperture；
C) assume that the temperature of fluid and rock is equal in matrix, the energy conservation equation of matrix only considers heat transmitting, such as public
Formula (6):
Wherein, CsIndicate the specific heat capacity of rock, ρsIndicate rock density, TsFor rock temperature, λsFor the thermal conductivity of rock, t
Indicate the time for starting to exchange heat；
D) assume that the thermal convection of fluid and matrix in crack meets Newton's law of cooling, crack self-energy conservation equation is such as public
Formula (7):
Wherein, ρfFor fluid density in crack, CfFor the specific heat capacity of fluid in crack, TfFor fluid temperature (F.T.) in crack, ufFor
The viscosity of fluid, λ in crackfFor the thermal conductivity of fluid in crack, h is convective heat-transfer coefficient；
E) zero dimension outlet temperature and the calculation method of thermal recovery yield are as follows:
Wherein, T* indicates zero dimension outlet temperature, ToutFor mean outlet temperature, TinjFor inject heat transferring medium temperature,
ufIndicate the flow velocity of fluid in crack, umIndicate that the flow velocity of Medium Culture fluid, γ indicate overall thermal recovery ratio, γLIndicate localized heat
Recovery ratio.
Compared to can at least be had the following beneficial effects: with the prior art, the present invention
(1) the high temperature production sweep efficiency E that the present invention is calculatedTCan quantificational expression geothermal system under outlet temperature
The recovery percent of reserves of system thermal, E when dropping halfTThe heat wave and degree of bigger expression system are bigger, control of the heat-exchange working medium to reservoir
Area processed is bigger.
(2) establish by the underground heat storage layer of fracture length power-law distribution and solution show that high temperature production involves and is
Number ETIt is capable of the superiority and inferiority of rational judgment stratum storage layer, ETBigger expression underground heat storage layer heat wave and degree are bigger, are more conducive to give birth to
Produce exploitation.
Detailed description of the invention
Table 1 is geothermal exploitation numerical simulation calculation parameter setting table.
Fig. 1 is the numerical simulation evaluation method flow chart of the geothermal system heat wave based on different fractue spacings and degree.
Fig. 2 is discrete fracture network model schematic under different characteristic parameter.
Thermo parameters method schematic diagram when Fig. 3 is 5h under different characteristic parameter.
Fig. 4 is that the thermal recovery yield of the interconnected fracture network under different characteristic parameter is bent with the variation of zero dimension outlet temperature
Line.
Fig. 5 is high temperature production heat wave and system errors rod figure under different characteristic parameter.
Specific embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art that the present invention may be better understood, the present invention is made further specifically below
It is bright.
A kind of geothermal system heat wave and degree numerical simulation evaluation method initially set up a series of characterization underground heat storage layer
Underground heat storage layer master pattern, all underground heat storage layer master patterns constitute master pattern set；
The process of the master pattern set are as follows:
S01: underground heat storage layer master pattern is established:
By the fracture length regularity of distribution, intensity is used as constraint to establish underground heat storage layer master pattern with parameter is penetrated,
And by changing the regularity of distribution, intensity obtains multiple underground heat storage layer master patterns, all underground heat storages with parameter is penetrated
Layer master pattern constitutes master pattern set；
1) the fracture length regularity of distribution is power-law distribution, as shown in formula (1):
N (l, L)=α LDl-a,for l∈[lmin,lmax], (1)；
Wherein, n (l, L) indicates that side length is square cartridge internal fissure length l the splitting in [l, l+dl] (dl < < l) of L
Quantity is stitched, D is fractal dimension, and a is fracture length index, and α is constant relevant to fracture spacing, lminIndicate square cartridge
The minimum value of internal fissure length, lmaxIndicate the maximum value of square cartridge internal fissure length；Parameter in formula (1) passes through certainly
Main tax empirical value value is simulated；
2) such as formula (2) and formula (3) are shown respectively with parameter is penetrated for the intensity:
Wherein, l ' indicates that in area be AL=L2In the range of crack length, γ indicate intensity, P expression penetrate ginseng
Number；
Then the master pattern set is solved to obtain zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio；
It is described that the master pattern set is solved to obtain the process of zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio
Are as follows:
Hot-fluid mathematical model coupling is established to solve the master pattern set, the specific steps are as follows:
A) assume the porous media that geothermal reservoir is made of matrix and discrete fractures, and the permeability of matrix is much smaller than
Crack；
Assuming that keeping the phase of heat-exchange working medium not change during simulation, when it is implemented, heat-exchange working medium is water；
The control in matrix and crack is flowed and its heat exchange constitutive equation foundation is as follows:
For heat-exchange working medium in the steady-flow of porous media, consider that flowing meets Darcy's equation, the conservation of mass of matrix
Equation are as follows:
Wherein, p is pressure, and k is permeability, and μ is heat-exchange working medium viscosity, and Q is source item；It is operator representation gradient, formula
(4) the value change of parameter p, k, μ, Q in are obtained by given value；
B) since crack uses one-dimensional representation, the mass-conservation equation based on fluid in cubic law crack are as follows:
Wherein, dfFor fracture aperture, dfValue obtained by given value；
C) it is theoretical to be based on Local Thermal Non-equilibrium for energy conservation equation.Since the permeability of the porosity of matrix is extremely low,
Assuming that the temperature of fluid and rock is equal in matrix, the energy conservation equation of matrix only considers heat transmitting, such as formula (6):
Wherein, CsIndicate the specific heat capacity of rock, ρsIndicate rock density, TsFor rock temperature, λsFor the thermal conductivity of rock, t
Indicate the time for starting to exchange heat；
D) in crack, it is assumed that the thermal convection of fluid and matrix meets Newton's law of cooling, thermal convection diffusion in crack
Equation such as formula (7):
Wherein, dfTo indicate fracture aperture, ρfFor fluid density in matrix, CfFor the specific heat capacity of fluid in matrix, TfFor base
Fluid temperature (F.T.) in matter, ufFor the viscosity of fluid in crack, λfFor the thermal conductivity of fluid in matrix, h is convective heat-transfer coefficient；
On the basis of underground heat storage layer master pattern, the boundary condition in research area, subdivision grid are given, and use properly
Material calculation carry out numerical simulation.
E) the overall thermal recovery ratio of the geothermal system of different fractue spacings is drawn with the change curve of zero dimension outlet temperature.
Zero dimension outlet temperature and the calculation method of thermal recovery yield are as follows:
Wherein, T* indicates zero dimension outlet temperature, ToutFor mean outlet temperature, TinjFor inject heat transferring medium temperature,
ufIndicate the flow velocity of fluid in crack, umIndicate that the flow velocity of Medium Culture fluid, γ indicate overall thermal recovery ratio, γLIndicate localized heat
Harvesting.
Combinatorial formula (4) to formula (7) is hot-fluid mathematical model coupling, using the hot-fluid mathematical model coupling to standard
Model set is solved, and zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio, zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal harvesting are obtained
The value of rate be all change over time and variation.
Finally, the value of the zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio changes with time, will without because
Overall thermal recovery ratio corresponding to heat-exchange time when secondary outlet temperature is 0.5 is defined as the hot sweep efficiency E of high temperature productionT, ETMore
It is big that explanatorily thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher.Specifically, when first determining heat exchange when zero dimension outlet temperature is 0.5
Between, then determine overall thermal recovery ratio corresponding to the heat-exchange time to get the hot sweep efficiency E of high temperature production againT。
The hot sweep efficiency E of the high temperature productionTThermmal storage layer is adopted when quantitatively characterizing geothermal system outlet temperature drop by half
The degree of heat out.ETMore big explanatorily thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher, more advantageous to geothermal exploitation.
The validity of method in order to further illustrate the present invention, with splitting for different fracture length indexes and different intensities
For stitching network, the method for the present invention is described in further details.
Embodiment 1: a kind of geothermal system heat wave and degree numerical simulation evaluation method include the following steps:
S01: according to formula (1), the square that research area is side length L=10m, the inclination angle in crack and orientation random arrangement are taken
L is arranged in (i.e. D=2)min=L/50=0.2m and lmax=50L=500m and the two-dimentional fracture network for generating index distribution of lengths
Network.Wherein, it is contemplated that 5 kinds of different length indexs, (i.e. a=1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5) and two different cracks are strong
Degree, (i.e. γ=2.5,5.0m-1).Combination for every kind of a and γ repeats to realize 10 times, obtains master pattern set.
Calculate the corresponding of different fracture networks and penetrate parameter P, Fig. 1 be respectively taken under different a and γ combination a kind of two dimension from
(same parameters, difference realize difference) is realized in the distribution for dissipating fracture network.
S02: reasonable hot-fluid mathematical model coupling is established according to formula (4)~(7) and carries out numerical simulation.Boundary condition
Setting: on flow field, upper and lower two closing of the frontier, left margin is injection end, and right margin is outlet end, and two boundary head differences are 500m；
On temperature field, the temperature of water is 200 DEG C in initial rock and rock, injects water and injection end temperature is 20 DEG C, remaining outside
Boundary is thermal insulation.Other calculating parameters being related in numerical simulation such as table 1.
Table 1
| Parameter | Symbol | Unit | Value |
| Fluid density | ρf | kg/m3 | 1000 |
| Fluid specific heat capacity | Cf | J/kg/K | 4200 |
| Fluid heat transfer coefficient | λf | W/m/K | 0 |
| Fluid kinematic viscosity | μ | Pa·s | 0.001 |
| Rock density | ρs | kg/m3 | 2700 |
| Rock specific heat capacity | Cs | J/kg/K | 1000 |
| The rock coefficient of heat conduction | λs | W/m/K | 3 |
| Matrix porosity | φ | 1 | 0.0001 |
| Matrix permeability | kr | m2 | 1.0×10-18 |
| Fracture aperture | df | mm | 0.1 |
| The coefficient of heat convection | h | W/m2/K | 3000 |
| Gravity gradient | g | m/s2 | 9.8 |
Mesh generation is carried out to research area using adaptive free triangle gridding, largest unit size is 0.67m, minimum single
First size is 0.003m.Largest unit growth rate is 1.3, Curvature factor 0.3, and narrow zone resolution ratio is 1, and transient state mould is arranged
Quasi- total time is 10^8s, thermo parameters method schematic diagram when Fig. 2 illustrates 5h under different characteristic parameter.
S03: at any time based on formula (8) fracture network overall thermal recovery ratio different with (9) calculating and zero dimension outlet temperature
Between variation.It since the fracture network not being connected to is worth less in practical geothermal exploitation, does not consider, therefore chooses connection
Geothermal system draws its overall thermal recovery ratio with the change curve of zero dimension outlet temperature, as shown in Figure 3.
The image can accurately the overall thermal recovery ratio of display systems and the corresponding relationship of outlet temperature, note can be characterized
Enter the case where cold fluid is broken through to well head.For example, the case where p=6.5 and p=3.2, the rising of thermal recovery yield is concentrated mainly on outlet
Temperature lower period.This illustrates that cold water is premature during exploitation and breaks through to well head, this to practical geothermal exploitation very
It is unfavorable.
S04: overall thermal recovery ratio when zero dimension outlet temperature is 0.5 is calculated, and is defined as high temperature production heat wave
And coefficient ET.The degree of reservoir extraction heat when the quantifies characterize system outlet temperature drop by half.ETMore it is big explanatorily
Thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher, more advantageous to geothermal exploitation.Fig. 4 illustrates the E of interconnected fracture systemTIt is distributed with geometry
The error bar curve of changing features.By comparison it can be concluded that the bigger fracture network E of penetrating coefficientTIt is bigger, in production water temperature
It is bigger to spend higher Shi Caire degree.
It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that；It is still
It is possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some or all of the technical features is carried out
Equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution various embodiments of the present invention technical side
The range of case.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of geothermal system heat wave and degree numerical simulation evaluation method, it is characterised in that: initially set up a series of characterization ground
The underground heat storage layer master pattern of thermmal storage layer, all underground heat storage layer master patterns constitute master pattern set；Then to this
Master pattern set is solved to obtain zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio；The zero dimension outlet temperature and entirety
The value of thermal recovery yield changes with time, by zero dimension outlet temperature be 0.5 when heat-exchange time corresponding to it is whole
Body heat recovery ratio is defined as the hot sweep efficiency E of high temperature productionT, ETIt is more big that explanatorily thermally hot systems heat wave and degree are higher.
2. geothermal system heat wave as described in claim 1 and degree numerical simulation evaluation method, it is characterised in that: the standard
The process of model set are as follows:
S01: underground heat storage layer master pattern is established:
By the fracture length regularity of distribution, intensity is used as constraint to establish two-dimensionally thermmal storage layer master pattern with parameter is penetrated,
And by changing the regularity of distribution, intensity obtains multiple underground heat storage layer master patterns, all underground heat storages with parameter is penetrated
Layer master pattern constitutes master pattern set；
1) the fracture length regularity of distribution is power-law distribution, as shown in formula (1):
N (l, L)=α LDl-a,forl∈[lmin,lmax] (1)；
Wherein, n (l, L) expression side length is fracture number of the square cartridge internal fissure length l of L in [l, l+dl] (dl < < l)
Amount, D are fractal dimension, and a is fracture length index, and α is constant relevant to fracture spacing, lminIndicate square cartridge implosion
Stitch the minimum value of length, lmaxIndicate the maximum value of square cartridge internal fissure length；
2) such as formula (2) and formula (3) are shown respectively with parameter is penetrated for the intensity:
Wherein, l ' indicates that in area be AL=L2In the range of crack length, γ indicate intensity, P expression penetrate parameter.
3. geothermal system heat wave as claimed in claim 2 and degree numerical simulation evaluation method, it is characterised in that: described to described
Master pattern set is solved to obtain the process of zero dimension outlet temperature and overall thermal recovery ratio are as follows:
Hot-fluid mathematical model coupling is established to solve the master pattern set, the specific steps are as follows:
A) assume the porous media that geothermal reservoir is made of matrix and discrete fractures, and the permeability of matrix is much smaller than and splits
Seam；
Assuming that keeping the property of heat-exchange working medium not change during simulation；The control in matrix and crack is flowed and its heat exchange
Constitutive equation is established as follows:
For heat-exchange working medium in the steady-flow of porous media, it is specified that flowing meets Darcy's equation, the quality of Medium Culture fluid is kept
Permanent equation are as follows:
Wherein, p is pressure, and k is permeability, and μ is heat-exchange working medium viscosity, and Q is source item；
B) since crack uses one-dimensional representation, the mass-conservation equation based on fluid in cubic law crack are as follows:
Wherein, dfFor fracture aperture；
C) assume that the temperature of fluid and rock is equal in matrix, the energy conservation equation of matrix only considers heat transmitting, such as formula
(6):
Wherein, CsIndicate the specific heat capacity of rock, ρsIndicate rock density, TsFor rock temperature, λsFor the thermal conductivity of rock, t is indicated
Start the time of heat exchange；
D) assume that the thermal convection of fluid and matrix in crack meets Newton's law of cooling, crack self-energy conservation equation such as formula
(7):
Wherein, ρfFor fluid density in crack, CfFor the specific heat capacity of fluid in crack, TfFor fluid temperature (F.T.) in crack, ufFor crack
The viscosity of middle fluid, λfFor the thermal conductivity of fluid in crack, h is convective heat-transfer coefficient；
E) zero dimension outlet temperature and the calculation method of thermal recovery yield are as follows:
Wherein, T* indicates zero dimension outlet temperature, ToutFor mean outlet temperature, TinjFor the temperature for injecting heat transferring medium, ufIt indicates
The flow velocity of fluid, u in crackmIndicate that the flow velocity of Medium Culture fluid, γ indicate overall thermal recovery ratio, γLIndicate localized heat harvesting
Rate.
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