CN109840096A - The installation method and device of operating system - Google Patents
The installation method and device of operating system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109840096A CN109840096A CN201910003077.7A CN201910003077A CN109840096A CN 109840096 A CN109840096 A CN 109840096A CN 201910003077 A CN201910003077 A CN 201910003077A CN 109840096 A CN109840096 A CN 109840096A
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Abstract
This application provides a kind of installation method of operating system and devices, are related to the technical field of data communication, this method comprises: the first initramfs file to be stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file；Generate user class file, by the download link of the first initramfs file, the download link of user class file and be used to indicate terminal operating system kernel operation after start rdinit parameter instruction information be added in the configuration file in the first image file, generate and provide the second image file for terminal installation operating system.The installation method and device of operating system provided by the present application, not only increase the installation effectiveness of operating system, reduce workload, it helps improve the Experience Degree of user the case where effectively preventing operating system install failure.
Description
Technical field
This application involves the technical fields of data communication, more particularly, to the installation method and device of a kind of operating system.
Background technique
PXE (Preboot eXecute Environment, Pre-boot Execution Environment) is developed most by Intel Company
New technology works in the network mode of Client/Server, supports client (Client) by network under remote server
Image file is carried, and the terminal of client-side is thus supported to pass through network startup operating system.Use PXE technology, Ke Yishi
The installation and deployment of operating system are now carried out to the terminal of client-side by network.Due to it is fast with speed, easy to use,
The features such as can disposing in batches, PXE technology are applied in more and more occasions.
In general, when terminal installs operating system by PXE technology, it is necessary first to which the network interface card of the terminal of client-side is supported
PXE function, to carry out the installation process of subsequent operating system.In the installation process of operating system, consolidating inside network interface card
Part can do basic initial work to network interface card, provide basic network channel etc., still, in the netinit of subsequent progress
In the process, the driver of corresponding network interface card need to be loaded, if the memory file of terminal downloads is corresponding not comprising current network interface card at this time
Driver when, will lead to whole operation system installation process failure, not only reduce the installation effectiveness of operating system,
Workload is increased, the Experience Degree of user is also reduced.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, a kind of installation method and device for being designed to provide operating system of the application, above-mentioned to alleviate
The technical issues of caused user experience decline lower due to the installation effectiveness of operating system.
In a first aspect, this method is applied to server, server this application provides a kind of installation method of operating system
The first memory file system initramfs file of middle storage and the first image file comprising the 2nd initramfs file, first
Initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card, and the 2nd initramfs file includes the drive of Second Type network interface card
Dynamic program, this method comprises:
First initramfs file is stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file；
Generate user class file, user class file include so that the driver of first kind network interface card is come into force come into force order and
Call the call instruction of the netinit file in the 2nd initramfs file；
By the download link of the first initramfs file, the download link of user class file and it is used to indicate terminal behaviour
The instruction information for making to start after system kernel operation rdinit parameter is added in the configuration file in the first image file；Its
In, rdinit parameter is for executing user class file；
It generates and the second image file is provided and operating system is installed for terminal；Wherein, the second image file includes configuration text
Part, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and user class file.
With reference to first aspect, in the first possible implementation, the above method further include: according to the period of setting,
The driver of the first kind network interface card of first initramfs file is updated.
Second aspect, present invention also provides a kind of installation method of operating system, this method is applied to terminal, this method
Include:
The bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system is obtained from server；By bootstrap, mirror is downloaded
As the configuration file of file；Configuration file includes the download link for needing the file downloaded, and is used to indicate terminal operation system
It unites and starts the instruction information of rdinit parameter after kernel is run；
According to the download link in configuration file, kernel program, the first initramfs file and second are downloaded
Initramfs file and user class file；Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card；The
Two initramfs files include the driver of Second Type network interface card；
Kernel program is run, and rdinit parameter is started according to instruction information；
According to rdinit parameter, the process that comes into force of the driver of the first kind network interface card in user class file is executed, with
And the netinit file after the completion of process that comes into force executes in the 2nd initramfs file of starting；Pass through the net after starting
The installation of network initialization files completion operating system.
In conjunction with second aspect, in the first possible implementation, the driver of first kind network interface card came into force
Journey includes:
By depmod order, version number and the first kind of the driver of first kind network interface card are added in the database
The terminal type that network interface card is supported.
In conjunction with second aspect, in the second possible implementation, the above method further include:, will by bootstrap
First initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file mergences.
The third aspect, this application provides a kind of mounting device of operating system, which is set to server, server
In be stored with the first memory file system initramfs file and the first image file comprising the 2nd initramfs file,
One initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card, and the 2nd initramfs file includes Second Type network interface card
Driver, the device include: memory module, for the first initramfs file to be stored in the 2nd initramfs file
Memory block；Generation module, for generating user class file, user class file includes that the driver of first kind network interface card is made to come into force
Come into force order and call the 2nd initramfs file in netinit file call instruction；Adding module, being used for will
The download link of first initramfs file, the download link of user class file and it is used to indicate terminal operating system kernel
The instruction information for starting rdinit parameter after operation is added in the configuration file in the first image file；Wherein, rdinit joins
Number is for executing user class file；First installation module installs operation system for terminal for generating and providing the second image file
System；Wherein, the second image file includes above-mentioned configuration file, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and use
Family grade file.
In conjunction with the third aspect, in the first possible implementation, above-mentioned apparatus further include: update module, for pressing
The driver of the first kind network interface card of the first initramfs file is updated according to the period of setting.
Fourth aspect, this application provides a kind of mounting device of operating system, which is set to terminal, comprising: obtains
Modulus block, for obtaining the bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system from server；First download module, is used for
By bootstrap, the configuration file of image file is downloaded；Configuration file includes: the download link for needing the file downloaded, with
And it is used to indicate the instruction information of starting rdinit parameter after the operation of terminal operating system kernel；Second download module is used for root
According to the download link in configuration file, download kernel program, the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file and
User class file；Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card；2nd initramfs file
Driver including Second Type network interface card；Module is run, starts rdinit for running kernel program, and according to instruction information
Parameter；Execution module, for executing the life of the driver of the first kind network interface card in user class file according to rdinit parameter
Effect process, and the netinit file after the completion of process that comes into force executes in the 2nd initramfs file of starting；Second peace
Die-filling piece, for completing the installation of operating system by the netinit file after starting.
In conjunction with fourth aspect, in the first possible implementation, above-mentioned execution module is used for: being ordered by depmod
It enables, the terminal type that the version number and first kind network interface card for adding the driver of first kind network interface card in the database support.
In conjunction with fourth aspect, in the second possible implementation, above-mentioned apparatus further include: merging module, for leading to
Bootstrap is crossed, by the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file mergences.
5th aspect, this application provides a kind of network terminal, which includes processor and memory, memory
Be stored with the machine-executable instruction that can be executed by the processor, the processor execute the machine-executable instruction with
Realize method described in first aspect and second aspect.
The application bring it is following the utility model has the advantages that
The installation method and device of a kind of operating system provided by the present application, server is in the first initramfs file
First initramfs file, is stored in the storage of the 2nd initramfs file by the driver for adding first kind network interface card
Area, and the configuration file of the first image file is modified, in order to provide including the configuration added with download link and instruction information
File, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and user class file the second image file installed for terminal
Operating system, when the initramfs file of terminal downloads, it will while downloading to the first initramfs file and second
Initramfs file enables the terminals to find and its network interface card in the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file
The case where driver to match completes the installation process of subsequent operating system, effectively prevents operating system install failure,
The installation effectiveness for not only increasing operating system, reduces workload, it helps improves the Experience Degree of user.
Other feature and advantage of the application will illustrate in the following description, also, partly become from specification
It obtains it is clear that being understood and implementing the application.The purpose of the application and other advantages are in specification and attached drawing
Specifically noted structure is achieved and obtained.
To enable the above objects, features, and advantages of the application to be clearer and more comprehensible, better embodiment is cited below particularly, and match
Appended attached drawing is closed, is described in detail below.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the application specific embodiment or technical solution in the prior art
Embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art be briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below
Attached drawing is some embodiments of the application, for those skilled in the art, without creative efforts,
It is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the installation method of operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart of the installation method of another operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 3 is a kind of installation process schematic diagram of operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 4 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the mounting device of operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of the mounting device of another operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the mounting device of another operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 7 is the structural schematic diagram of the mounting device of another operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application；
Fig. 8 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the network terminal provided by the embodiments of the present application.
Specific embodiment
To keep the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the embodiment of the present application clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing to the application
Technical solution be clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is a part of embodiment of the application, and
The embodiment being not all of.Based on the embodiment in the application, those skilled in the art are not making creative work
Under the premise of every other embodiment obtained, shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
In general, if trawl performance and the current network interface card of terminal mismatch in the included initramfs file of image file, or
Person, if lack the driver of corresponding network interface card in the initramfs file of image file, being after kernel starting can not be complete
At netinit, connection also can not be just established with PXE server end, subsequent step is unable to complete, and entire PXE is caused to pacify
The failure of dress process.And with the appearance of more and more new network interface cards, such case will appear more and more.Because for some
Specific operating system version (such as Red Hat 7.2) only can be in its initramfs file comprising working as when publication
When existing trawl performance corresponding driving will be lacked for the network interface card of the new type occurred after issuing.Especially to one
A little issued many years operating system (such as Red Hat 6.4).
In order to simplify the installation process of operating system, the installation effectiveness of lifting operating system, the embodiment of the present application is provided
A kind of installation method and device of operating system, to improve the installation effectiveness of operating system.
For the peace convenient for understanding present embodiment, first to a kind of operating system disclosed in the embodiment of the present application
Dress method describes in detail.
The embodiment of the present application provides a kind of installation method of operating system, and this method is applied to server, for example, work
PXE server under the network mode of Client/Server (terminal/server) specifically stores first in the server
Memory file system initramfs file and the first image file comprising the 2nd initramfs file, this first
Initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card, and the 2nd initramfs file includes the drive of Second Type network interface card
Dynamic program.
In general, above-mentioned first initramfs file is the rear memory file system being added in the image file of operating system,
The driver of first kind network interface card wherein included, not wrapped in original initramfs file (the 2nd initramfs file)
The driver contained, the installation process realizing subsequent operation system by way of adding the driver of first kind network interface card.
A kind of flow chart of the installation method of operating system as shown in Figure 1, method includes the following steps:
First initramfs file is stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file by step S102；
Step S104 generates user class file, which includes that the driver of first kind network interface card is made to come into force
Come into force order and call the 2nd initramfs file in netinit file call instruction；
In general, above-mentioned 2nd initramfs file can be a compressed file, netinit file can be stored in
In the compressed file.When specific implementation, which can be/sbin/init file.
Step S106 by the download link of the first initramfs file, the download link of user class file and is used to refer to
Show that the instruction information for starting rdinit parameter after terminal operating system kernel is run is added to the configuration text in the first image file
In part；
Wherein, rdinit parameter is for executing above-mentioned user class file；
Step S108 is generated and is provided the second image file and installs operating system for terminal.
Wherein, above-mentioned second image file includes added with above-mentioned download link and indicating the configuration file of information, first
Initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and user class file.
A kind of installation method of operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application, server is in the first initramfs file
First initramfs file, is stored in the storage of the 2nd initramfs file by the driver for adding first kind network interface card
Area, and the configuration file of the first image file is modified, in order to provide including the configuration added with download link and instruction information
File, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and user class file the second image file installed for terminal
Operating system, when the initramfs file of terminal downloads, it will while downloading to the first initramfs file and second
Initramfs file enables the terminals to find and its network interface card in the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file
The case where driver to match completes the installation process of subsequent operating system, effectively prevents operating system install failure,
The installation effectiveness for not only increasing operating system, reduces workload, it helps improves the Experience Degree of user.
The above method is compared to the initramfs file directly modified in original image file, to increase trawl performance journey
The mode of sequence operates simpler.New drive is added typically for by the initramfs file in modification original image file
The mode of dynamic program need to consider that the corresponding initramfs file of the operating system of different editions is different, for example, A version
Initramfs file modification driving after, if installation B version initramfs file must modify again, cause modify number compared with
It is more, and the original document of image file is modified, it needs to back up original document, increases the fussy degree of operation, no
Only increase workload, also affects the installation effectiveness of operating system.
The above method of the embodiment of the present application uses the first initramfs text by introducing the first initramfs file
Part stores the driver of first kind network interface card, if there is new network interface card appearance or the driver upgrade of network interface card, Ke Yizhi
The first initramfs file of modification is connect, without modifying the initramfs file in native operating system mirror image every time (on i.e.
State the 2nd initramfs file), therefore operation is simplified, improve the installation effectiveness of operating system.
In general, the 2nd initramfs file is the file carried in image file, essence be one with gzip or
The file of lzma compression algorithm is the archives packet of a CPIO (CoPy In and Out) format before compression, and the inside contains
All catalogue and file in one small-sized linux system (Live OS).
The installation method of aforesaid operations system provided by the embodiments of the present application, can be in original initramfs file (second
Initramfs file) in trawl performance when being not suitable for current network interface card, by adding first in the first initramfs file
New driver is added in the mode of the driver of type network interface card, meanwhile, which can be and original driving
The driver of the network interface card different editions of program is also possible to carry out the driving after network interface card upgrading on the basis of original version
Program can be pre- by user when operating system is installed for the driver of the network interface card different editions with original drivers
First confirm the version of network interface card, and then the corresponding driver of version network interface card is added in the first initramfs file.For
Driver after network interface card upgrading, can take the mode regularly updated to carry out.
Therefore, the above method further include: according to the period of setting to the first kind network interface card of the first initramfs file
Driver is updated.It, can be after network interface card be upgraded, in time by the corresponding driving of the network interface card by this update mode
Program is added in the first initramfs file, in order to install the driver, effectively avoid when installing operating system
The case where operating system install failure.
Corresponding to the installation method of operating system described in above embodiment, the embodiment of the present application also provides another kinds
The installation method of operating system, this method are applied to terminal, which establishes connection by the client and server of server,
The flow chart of the installation method of another operating system as shown in Figure 2, method includes the following steps:
Step S202 obtains the bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system from server；
Wherein, which is to power on from terminal booting, to during os starting, plays the journey of guiding function
Sequence can be requested and be downloaded from server end after terminal configures IP address such as Network Bootloader.
Step S204 downloads the configuration file of image file by bootstrap；
Wherein, configuration file includes the download link for needing the file downloaded, and is used to indicate in terminal operating system
Start the instruction information of rdinit parameter after core operation.
In actual use, the driver for the first kind network interface card for including in above-mentioned first initramfs file is usual
Add on the server, after server receives the driver of the first kind network interface card of user's transmitting, can by this
The driver of one type network interface card is added in the first initramfs file, also, the driving journey of the first kind network interface card added
Sequence, the information such as version number, download address can recorde in above-mentioned configuration file, therefore, terminal downloads to above-mentioned configuration text
It is available to be downloaded to download link after part.
Step S206, according to the download link in configuration file, download kernel program, the first initramfs file and
2nd initramfs file and user class file.
Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card；2nd initramfs file packet
Include the driver of Second Type network interface card.
Step S208 after running kernel program, and starts rdinit parameter according to above-mentioned instruction information.
Step S210 executes the driver of the first kind network interface card in user class file according to the rdinit parameter
Come into force process, and the netinit file after the completion of process that comes into force executes in the 2nd initramfs file of starting.
Step S212 completes the installation of operating system by the netinit file after starting.
When specific implementation, the netinit file can be recorded in aforementioned embodiments /sbin/init file.
When specific implementation, in server side, after adding the driver of first kind network interface card in the first initramfs file, clothes
First initramfs file can be stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file by business device, therefore, in execution
During stating step S206 progress file download, terminal can be by the first initramfs file and second in memory block
Initramfs file is all downloaded, and is merged.
When specific implementation, which can be realized by bootstrap, i.e., by bootstrap, by first
Initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file mergences.Specifically, the pxelinux.0 in bootstrap can be passed through
It is realized with grub order and merges initramfs file.For example, the function that pxelinux.0 order is provided by kernel program
Can, two initramfs files of kernel program are passed to by parameter；And grub order is directly two initramfs files
Kernel program is passed to after merging together.The effect that the merging process of different command is finally realized is exactly multiple all
Content in initramfs file is dynamically merged together during installation system.In this way, terminal is just
It is available to arrive the corresponding driver of newest network interface card, the process of driver " from scratch " is realized, is effectively prevented whole
The event of the installation process failure of a operating system occurs.
It further include coming into force for driver after terminal side downloads to network interface card corresponding driver when specific implementation
Journey, specifically, the process of coming into force of the driver of above-mentioned first kind network interface card include: by depmod order, in the database
The terminal type that the version number and first kind network interface card for adding the driver of first kind network interface card support.
Wherein, depmod order is the basic command that kernel program provides, above by the depmod order in number
It, can according to the process for the terminal type that the version number and first kind network interface card for the driver for adding first kind network interface card in library support
To modify to database, e.g., version number and the first kind network interface card branch of new driver are added in the database
The terminal type held removes database according to the model of the first kind network interface card in order to which terminal is when carrying out driver installation
Whether retrieval has the corresponding driver of first kind network interface card, if so, the driver can be called to be installed.Cause
This, it is the process modified to database that the process of coming into force of the driver of above-mentioned first kind network interface card, which can be regarded,.
When after the coming into force of driver of above-mentioned first kind network interface card, need to complete to operate by netinit file
The installation process of system, specifically, the netinit file can be/sbin/init file.In general, kernel program is added
It carries and executes, and after completing initialization, the 2nd initramfs file in image file can be decompressed, and after decompression
Catalogue as root file system, above-mentioned netinit file (/sbin/init file) can be stored in the root file system
In system, in order to execute automatically under this root file system /sbin/init file.
If in the file of downloading including the first initramfs file, kernel program is loaded execution, and completes initial
After change, rdinit parameter can star to execute user class file, specifically, rdinit parameter can specify the text executed automatically
Part, it is contemplated that the instruction information of rdinit parameter starting may include that therefore, can start kernel journey in configuration file
When sequence, by configuration file notify kernel program, make kernel program on startup designated user grade file, as rdinit=/
Myinit parameter, so that this file of execution/myinit automatic first after kernel program operation, when not starting in configuration file
When the instruction information of rdinit parameter, execution/sbin/init file is just defaulted.
Therefore, by above-mentioned rdinit parameter, starting rdinit parameter can be transmitted to kernel program by bootstrap
Instruction information, allow user class file (myinit file) to be executed first, then execute user class file in depmod
Order makes coming into force for the driver of first kind network interface card, finally recalls the/original process of sbin/init file start, i.e.,
Increase by one " bed course " in existing Booting sequence by rdinit parameter, realization first carries out an additional process and (such as holds
Row user class file), then execute original process again, with reach allow first kind network interface card driver the mesh to come into force
's.
In conclusion the installation method for the operating system that above embodiment provides, terminal is provided using bootstrap
Function can merge the content of the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file dynamic, then sharp again
It attached a movement in original Booting sequence with the rdinit parameter that kernel program provides, so that the first initramfs
The driver of the first kind network interface card added in file comes into force, and efficiently solves in installation operating system and lacks corresponding network interface card
Driver the problem of.Moreover, the initramfs file after this merging can share, only for homologous system
It needs to make once, significantly reduces workload, while also improving the installation effectiveness of operating system.
Understand for the ease of the installation method to aforesaid operations system, below with reference to operating system shown in Fig. 3
Installation process schematic diagram is illustrated the installation method of aforesaid operations system.
In the diagram shown in figure 3, it is related to terminal (the also referred to as end Client, client) and server (also referred to as Server
End) interaction, specifically, by the server be PXE server for be illustrated.PXE server is the clothes based on PXE technology
Business device, PXE technology belong to the network mode of Client/Server (terminal/server), support terminal downloads image file, with
And support to pass through the operating system of network startup terminal.During startup, terminal request server distributes IP address, then uses
TFTP (trivial file transfer protocol, Simple File Transfer Protocol) or MTFTP (multicast
Trivial file transfer protocol, the TFTP of multiple spot) agreement download a network initiated software packet to the machine in
Middle execution is deposited, the basic software setting and the peace of subsequent operation system of terminal (client) are completed by this starting software package
Dress or guidance.
Operating system is installed by PXE technology, needs the network interface card of terminal to support PXE function, also needs to build a PXE
Server (PXE server) environment, PXE server generally comprise a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol, dynamic host configuration protocol) server, a tftp server, there are one file server, file server
It can be HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol, hypertext transfer protocol) server or FTP (File
Transfer Protocol File Transfer Protocol) server.Wherein, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server is used to be terminal distribution IP address；TFTP
For terminal downloads kernel and kernel mirror image file, tftp server is used to provide the terminal with network initiated software packet server,
Terminal completes the installation etc. of basic software setting and subsequent operation system by the network initiated software packet；File server can be with
The image file of operating system is mounted on PXE server, provides installation source for client.
After the completion of PXE server environmental structure, the (SuSE) Linux OS of current main-stream, figure can be installed by PXE technology
In the installation process schematic diagram of operating system shown in 3, it is related to terminal (the also referred to as end Client) and PXE server (also referred to as
The end Server) interaction, as shown in figure 3, whole process can be divided into for two big stages, the first stage is properly termed as Pre OS rank
Section；Second stage is can be referred to as the Live OS stage since kernel starting.The two stages are said respectively below
It is bright:
In the first stage, it is broadly divided into following procedure:
Step S301, terminal sends DHCP request to PXE server, with IP address requesting；
After terminal starting, the network interface card of terminal is actively sent out DHCP request.
Step S302, PXE server return to the path TFTP of the bootstrap of IP address and downloading to terminal.
It is terminal distribution IP address after PXE server receives DHCP request, while tells what terminal to be downloaded in next step
The path TFTP of bootstrap (also referred to as Network Bootloader).
Wherein, it for computer system, powers on from booting to os starting and a bootstrap is needed to carry out
Guidance, embedded Linux system equally be unable to do without bootstrap, this bootstrap can be Network Bootloader.
Step S303, after terminal is using above-mentioned IP address networking, by the above-mentioned path TFTP from PXE server downloading guides
Program；
After terminal receives above-mentioned IP address, use the IP address as the network address of oneself, then passes through the road TFTP
Radial PXE server requests downloading guides program (Network Bootloader) file, and bootstrap can be
Pxelinux.0 and grub bootstrap；
Step S304, terminal loads bootstrap are downloaded one from PXE server and are matched after bootstrap starting operation
File is set, record has whether terminal needs to be implemented rdinit ginseng when needing the file downloaded and starting kernel in the configuration file
The relevant configuration informations such as number transmitting.
The chain ground connection of kernel and memory file system file (i.e. initramfs file) is generally comprised in above-mentioned configuration file
Location, terminal, which is based on the chained address, can download to kernel file and Initramfs file, in the present embodiment, Initramfs text
Part includes above-mentioned first Initramfs file and the 2nd Initramfs file, and the two all derives from the image file of operating system
(ISO file).
In general, above step S301~step S303, is the intrinsic function of all network interface cards for supporting PXE function, network interface card
Internal firmware can do basic initial work to network interface card at the moment, while provide the function of the network message transmitting-receiving on basis,
To send various requests, downloading file provides basic network channel；In step s 304, bootstrap is from PXE server end
It is also to continue with when downloading file and has continued to use the initialized good network channel in front.Therefore, the above-mentioned first stage does not need volume
Outer NIC driver can be realized by the intrinsic function of network interface card.
After the completion of first stage, terminal will continue to the process of starting second stage, specifically, main to divide in second stage
For following procedure:
Step S305, the above-mentioned kernel file of terminal operating start kernel；
In the second stage, the compressed package of initramfs file is unlocked can in memory after kernel starting, and with
Catalogue after decompression thus constitutes a small-sized linux system, this is small-sized as the root file system of oneself
Linux system is all present in memory, therefore, also referred to as Live OS.In Live OS, drive load, net can be executed
The operation such as network environment configurations, fdisk.Continue to download various software packages from PXE server end finally by network to complete most
System installation afterwards.In the Live OS stage, because having arrived OS (Operating System, operating system) level, so
If completing netinit, the driver of corresponding network interface card can be loaded, that is, the initramfs text in image file
The driver for the network interface card for including in part.
If above-mentioned PXE server performs the installation method of aforesaid operations system, in the initramfs text of image file
The memory block of part can be stored with the first initramfs file, and according to the first initramfs file and user class file, modification
Configuration file in image file.
At this point, after terminal gets the bootstrap of image file, being downloaded from PXE server in above-mentioned steps S304
File remove include original kernel file (i.e. previously described kernel program) and initramfs file, i.e., the application implementation
It can also include the first initramfs file and user class file, then lead to other than 2nd initramfs file described in example
It crosses bootstrap to merge the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file, passes to kernel program together.
After the above-mentioned kernel file of terminal loads, above-mentioned steps S305 can be executed, runs kernel file, starts kernel,
Then subsequent process is executed.
Step S306, terminal, which starts rdinit parameter, makes first kind net with the depmod order executed in user class file
The driver of card comes into force；
Step S307, terminal call the original process of netinit file start；
Specifically, which can be/sbin/init file；Start above-mentioned original process, can wrap
The operation such as drive load, network environment configuration, fdisk is included, from PXE server end continues to download finally by network various
Software package is to complete last system installation.
The installation process of aforesaid operations system efficiently solves the driving journey for lacking corresponding network interface card in installation operating system
The problem of sequence.Moreover, the initramfs file after this merging can share, it is only necessary to make for homologous system
Once, workload is significantly reduced, while also improving the installation effectiveness of operating system.
Corresponding to the installation method for the operating system that above embodiment provides, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of behaviour
Make the mounting device of system, which is set to server, and the first memory file system initramfs is stored in the server
File and the first image file comprising the 2nd initramfs file, the first initramfs file include first kind network interface card
Driver, the 2nd initramfs file include the driver of Second Type network interface card.
A kind of structural schematic diagram of the mounting device of operating system as shown in Figure 4, the device include:
Memory module 40, for the first initramfs file to be stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file；
Generation module 42, for generating user class file, user class file includes the driver for making first kind network interface card
The call instruction of the netinit file in the 2nd initramfs file of order and calling that comes into force to come into force；
Adding module 44, for by the download link of the first initramfs file and user class file, user class file
Download link and the instruction information for being used to indicate starting rdinit parameter after terminal operating system kernel is run are added to first
In configuration file in image file；
Wherein, rdinit parameter is for executing user class file；
First installation module 46 installs operating system for terminal for generating and providing the second image file；Wherein, second
Image file includes above-mentioned configuration file, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and user class file.
When specific implementation, the structural schematic diagram above-mentioned apparatus of the mounting device of another operating system as shown in Figure 5 is also
It include: update module 48, for the period according to setting to the driver of the first kind network interface card of the first initramfs file
It is updated.
The embodiment of the present application also provides the mounting device of another operating system, which is set to terminal, above-mentioned end
Connection, the knot of the mounting device of another kind operating system as shown in FIG. 6 are established by the client and server of server in end
Structure schematic diagram, the device include:
Module 50 is obtained, for obtaining the bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system from server；
First download module 52, for downloading the configuration file of image file, the configuration file packet by bootstrap
It includes: the download link for the file for needing to download, and start rdinit parameter after being used to indicate the operation of terminal operating system kernel
Instruction information；
Second download module 54, for downloading kernel program, first according to the download link in configuration file
Initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file and user class file；
Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card；2nd initramfs file packet
Include the driver of Second Type network interface card；
Module 56 is run, starts rdinit parameter for running kernel program, and according to instruction information；
Execution module 58, for executing the driving journey of the first kind network interface card in user class file according to rdinit parameter
The process that comes into force of sequence, and the netinit file after the completion of process that comes into force executes in the 2nd initramfs file of starting；
Second installation module 60, for completing the installation of operating system by the netinit file after starting.
When specific implementation, above-mentioned execution module 58 is used for:
By depmod order, the version number and described first of the driver of first kind network interface card is added in the database
The terminal type that type network interface card is supported.
Another behaviour is also shown in the structural schematic diagram of mounting device based on another operating system shown in fig. 6, Fig. 7
The structural schematic diagram for making the mounting device of system, in addition to structure shown in fig. 6, above-mentioned apparatus further include:
Merging module 62, for passing through bootstrap, by the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file
Merge.
The mounting device of operating system provided by the embodiments of the present application, the peace of the operating system provided with above embodiment
Dress method technical characteristic having the same reaches identical technical effect so also can solve identical technical problem.
The embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of network terminal, which includes processor and memory, memory
It is stored with the machine-executable instruction that can be executed by processor, it is aforementioned to realize that processor executes the machine-executable instruction
The installation method of operating system.
Further, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of machine readable storage medium, which is deposited
Machine-executable instruction is contained, when being called and being executed by processor, machine-executable instruction promotes to locate machine-executable instruction
Manage the installation method that device realizes operating system described in aforementioned embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 8, the embodiment of the present application also provides a kind of structural schematic diagram of network terminal, comprising: processor 800 is deposited
Reservoir 801, bus 802 and communication interface 803, the processor 800, communication interface 803 and memory 801 pass through bus 802
Connection；Processor 800 is for executing the executable module stored in memory 801, such as computer program.
Wherein, memory 801 may include high-speed random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory),
It can
It can further include non-labile memory (non-volatile memory), for example, at least a magnetic disk storage.
By at least one communication interface 803 (can be wired or wireless) realize the system network element and at least one other network element it
Between communication connection, internet, wide area network, local network, Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) etc. can be used.
Bus 802 can be isa bus, pci bus or eisa bus etc..The bus can be divided into address bus, number
According to bus, control bus etc..Only to be indicated with a four-headed arrow in Fig. 8, it is not intended that an only bus convenient for indicating
Or a type of bus.
Wherein, memory 801 is for storing program, and processor 800 executes described program after receiving and executing instruction,
Method performed by the mounting device for the operating system that aforementioned the application any embodiment discloses can be applied to processor 800
In, or realized by processor 800.
Processor 800 may be a kind of IC chip, the processing capacity with signal.It is above-mentioned during realization
Each step of method can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in processor 800 or the instruction of software form.On
The processor 800 stated can be general processor, including central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, abbreviation
CPU), network processing unit (Network Processor, abbreviation NP) etc.；It can also be digital signal processor (Digital
Signal Processing, abbreviation DSP), specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated
Circuit, abbreviation ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, abbreviation FPGA) or
Person other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components.It may be implemented or execute sheet
Apply for disclosed each method, step and the logic diagram in embodiment.General processor can be microprocessor or the processing
Device is also possible to any conventional processor etc..The step of method in conjunction with disclosed in the embodiment of the present application, can be embodied directly in
Hardware decoding processor executes completion, or in decoding processor hardware and software module combination execute completion.Software mould
Block can be located at random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read only memory or electrically erasable programmable storage
In the storage medium of this fields such as device, register maturation.The storage medium is located at memory 801, and processor 800 reads memory
Information in 801, in conjunction with the step of its hardware completion above method.
The installation method of operating system provided by the embodiment of the present application and the computer program product of device, including storage
The computer readable storage medium of program code, the instruction that said program code includes can be used for executing previous methods embodiment party
Method described in formula, specific implementation can be found in method implementation, and details are not described herein.
It is apparent to those skilled in the art that for convenience and simplicity of description, the device of foregoing description
Specific work process, can be with reference to the corresponding process in preceding method embodiment, details are not described herein.
It, can be with if the function is realized in the form of SFU software functional unit and when sold or used as an independent product
It is stored in a computer readable storage medium.Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the application is substantially in other words
The part of the part that contributes to existing technology or the technical solution can be embodied in the form of software products, the meter
Calculation machine software product is stored in a storage medium, including some instructions are used so that a terminal (can be a
People's computer, server or network terminal etc.) execute all or part of step of each embodiment the method for the application
Suddenly.And storage medium above-mentioned includes: USB flash disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), deposits at random
The various media that can store program code such as access to memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), magnetic or disk.
Finally, it should be noted that embodiment of above, the only specific embodiment of the application, to illustrate the application's
Technical solution, rather than its limitations, the protection scope of the application are not limited thereto, although referring to aforementioned embodiments to this Shen
It please be described in detail, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: anyone skilled in the art is in this Shen
In the technical scope that please be disclose, it can still modify or can be thought easily to technical solution documented by aforementioned embodiments
To variation or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And these modifications, variation or replacement, do not make corresponding
The essence of technical solution is detached from the spirit and scope of the embodiment of the present application technical solution, should all cover the protection scope in the application
Within.Therefore, the protection scope of the application should be subject to the protection scope in claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of installation method of operating system, which is characterized in that the method is applied to server, stores in the server
First memory file system initramfs file and the first image file including the 2nd initramfs file, described first
Initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card, and the 2nd initramfs file includes Second Type network interface card
Driver, which comprises
The first initramfs file is stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file；
User class file is generated, the user class file includes the life that comes into force for making the driver of the first kind network interface card come into force
Enable and call the call instruction of the netinit file in the 2nd initramfs file；
By the download link of the first initramfs file, the download link of the user class file and it is used to indicate end
The instruction information for starting rdinit parameter after the operating system nucleus operation of end is added to the text of the configuration in first image file
In part；Wherein, the rdinit parameter is for executing the user class file；
It generates and the second image file is provided and operating system is installed for terminal；Wherein, second image file includes described matches
Set file, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and the user class file.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the method also includes:
According to the period of setting, the driver of the first kind network interface card of the first initramfs file is updated.
3. a kind of installation method of operating system, which is characterized in that the method is applied to terminal, which comprises
The bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system is obtained from server；
By the bootstrap, the configuration file of the image file is downloaded；The configuration file includes the text for needing to download
The download link of part, and it is used to indicate the instruction information of starting rdinit parameter after the operation of terminal operating system kernel；
According to the download link in the configuration file, kernel program, the first initramfs file and second are downloaded
Initramfs file and user class file；Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the driving journey of first kind network interface card
Sequence；The 2nd initramfs file includes the driver of Second Type network interface card；
The kernel program is run, and rdinit parameter is started according to the instruction information；
According to the rdinit parameter, coming into force for the driver of the first kind network interface card in the user class file is executed
Journey, and start netinit file in the 2nd initramfs file after the completion of process that comes into force executes；
The installation of operating system is completed by the netinit file after starting.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the process that comes into force of the driver of the first kind network interface card
Include:
By depmod order, the version number and described first of the driver of the first kind network interface card is added in the database
The terminal type that type network interface card is supported.
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the method also includes:
By the bootstrap, by the first initramfs file and the 2nd initramfs file mergences.
6. a kind of mounting device of operating system, which is characterized in that described device is set to server, stores in the server
There are the first memory file system initramfs file and the first image file comprising the 2nd initramfs file, described first
Initramfs file includes the driver of first kind network interface card, and the 2nd initramfs file includes Second Type network interface card
Driver, described device includes:
Memory module, for the first initramfs file to be stored in the memory block of the 2nd initramfs file；
Generation module, for generating user class file, the user class file includes the driving journey for making the first kind network interface card
Order that sequence came into force come into force and the call instruction for calling the netinit file in the 2nd initramfs file；
Adding module, for by the download link of the download link of the first initramfs file, the user class file with
And it is used to indicate and starts the instruction information of rdinit parameter after the operation of terminal operating system kernel and be added to first mirror image text
In configuration file in part；Wherein, the rdinit parameter is for executing the user class file；
First installation module installs operating system for terminal for generating and providing the second image file；Wherein, second mirror
As file includes the configuration file, the first initramfs file, the 2nd initramfs file and the user
Grade file.
7. device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Update module, for the period according to setting to the driving journey of the first kind network interface card of the first initramfs file
Sequence is updated.
8. a kind of mounting device of operating system, which is characterized in that described device is set to terminal, and described device includes:
Module is obtained, for obtaining the bootstrap for installing the image file of operating system from server；
First download module, for downloading the configuration file of the image file by the bootstrap；The configuration file
It include: to need the download link for the file downloaded, and be used to indicate starting rdinit ginseng after the operation of terminal operating system kernel
Several instruction information；
Second download module, for downloading kernel program, the first initramfs according to the download link in the configuration file
File and the 2nd initramfs file and user class file；Wherein, the first initramfs file includes the first kind
The driver of network interface card；The 2nd initramfs file includes the driver of Second Type network interface card；
Module is run, starts rdinit parameter for running the kernel program, and according to the instruction information；
Execution module, for executing the driving of the first kind network interface card in the user class file according to the rdinit parameter
The process that comes into force of program, and start network in the 2nd initramfs file after the completion of process that comes into force executes
Initialization files；
Second installation module, for completing the installation of operating system by the netinit file after starting.
9. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the execution module is used for:
By depmod order, the version number and described first of the driver of the first kind network interface card is added in the database
The terminal type that type network interface card is supported.
10. device according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described device further include:
Merging module is used for by the bootstrap, by the first initramfs file and described second
Initramfs file mergences.
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| CN114443582A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-05-06 | 科东(广州)软件科技有限公司 | File system mounting method, device, equipment and medium on operating system |
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| CN116016159A (en) * | 2022-12-16 | 2023-04-25 | 北京云端智度科技有限公司 | Tamper-proof installation method, tamper-proof installation system, tamper-proof installation medium and tamper-proof installation equipment for application system |
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