CN109837993B - Electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device and control method - Google Patents
Electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device and control method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device and a control method thereof comprise a horizontal seismic isolation unit and a vertical seismic isolation unit. The horizontal shock isolation unit is provided with a lower cover plate of a common friction pendulum support and is connected with a lower column, the lower column is connected with a foundation, an upper cover plate of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column, the vertical shock isolation unit is embedded with an electromagnet in the upper column and the lower column which are connected with the upper cover pendulum and the lower cover pendulum of the friction pendulum and is connected with a control system, and a coil in the electromagnet is connected with the control system through a lead. According to the feedback information of the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor on the control system, the computer can automatically give corresponding control to the electromagnet, the electromagnet enables the structure of the electromagnet to reset after the earthquake action through attraction or repulsion, the pulling resistance of the electromagnet is improved, the overturning and even collapsing of a building are weakened, the collision damage of the sliding block to the limiting ring is greatly weakened, and the variability and the residual displacement of the friction coefficient in the existing friction pendulum are solved. Seismic energy can be more effectively consumed, and the upper structure is more stable and safer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an earthquake shock absorption and isolation technology.
Background
Earthquakes are natural disasters with extremely strong destructive power, statistics shows that more than 500 million earthquakes occur on the earth every year, and a large number of casualties can be caused by the earthquakes, and the collapse of buildings can cause huge losses to human lives and properties. However, the current technology level cannot predict the arrival of an earthquake, and only some measures can be taken, such as installing a seismic isolation and reduction device, so that the harm caused by the earthquake is reduced to the minimum.
Seismic isolation is the process of reducing or isolating the influence on buildings caused by the action of earthquakes. The damping control is to change the dynamic characteristics of the structure by arranging some mechanism equipment at a specific part of the structure to dissipate the seismic energy which has been input into the structural system. The shock insulation is to separate the structure from the earthquake excitation, and the basic principle is to arrange a shock insulation layer between the base structure and the upper structure and to consume the energy input by the earthquake by using the energy consumption capability of the shock insulation device, thereby reducing the earthquake reaction of the structure and effectively ensuring the safety of the upper structure and human life and property. At present, the more shock insulation supports are mainly laminated rubber supports and friction pendulum supports.
In recent years, with the development of civil engineering major, many methods for shock absorption and isolation are derived, wherein the friction pendulum type shock isolation support is a friction pendulum type shock isolation support developed by American earthquake protection system company in the 80 th 20 th century, and the main principle of shock absorption and energy dissipation of the friction pendulum type shock isolation support is to utilize the design of a sliding surface to prolong the vibration period of a structure so as to greatly reduce the amplification effect of the structure caused by the action of an earthquake, in addition, the friction between the sliding surface of the friction pendulum type shock isolation support and a sliding block can be utilized to achieve the purposes of consuming the earthquake energy and reducing the earthquake input, however, with the application of the friction pendulum type shock isolation support, some problems about the product are exposed, and the problems are reflected in the practical use process: (1) when a vertical earthquake occurs or the structure is subjected to large vertical excitation, the building structure has certain vertical upward pulling force relative to the ground, so that the building is overturned or even collapsed. (2) The friction pendulum consumes a part of the seismic energy by the sliding friction of the sliding block in the slideway or the sliding surface. From experiments, the friction coefficient between the sliding block and the slide way is related to sliding speed, temperature, upper gravity and other factors, and the variability of the friction coefficient reduces the effectiveness of the friction pendulum when the friction pendulum works. (3) When earthquake action occurs, the friction pendulum support cannot be completely reset due to the existence of residual displacement of the friction pendulum, small earthquake excitation or the insufficient self weight of an upper building.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device and a control method.
The invention relates to an electromagnetic control friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation device and a control method, the electromagnetic control friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a horizontal vibration isolation unit and a vertical vibration isolation unit, wherein the horizontal vibration isolation unit is provided with a lower cover plate of a friction pendulum support 2 and connected with a lower column, the lower column is connected with a foundation, and an upper cover plate of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column; the vertical shock isolation unit is characterized in that electromagnets are embedded in upper and lower columns which are connected with upper and lower cover pendulums of the friction pendulum, and are connected with a control system at the same time, the vertical shock isolation unit comprises an upper column 1-1, a lower column 1-2, electromagnets 1-3, coils 1-4, leads 1-5, pressure sensors 1-6, displacement sensors 1-7, a foundation 1-8, a friction pendulum support 2 and a control system 3, wherein the friction pendulum support 2 is a shock absorption and isolation mechanism used in earthquakes and is composed of an upper cover plate 2-1, a lower cover plate 2-2, a sliding curved surface 2-3, a sliding block 2-4 and a limiting block 2-5; the control system 3 is an intelligent controller for adjusting the work of the electromagnet by controlling a power supply, and consists of a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and a control power supply switch device 3-3; the lower cover plate 2-2 of the friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with the lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with the foundation 1-8, and the upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with the upper column 1-1, so that the friction pendulum support 2 works to consume seismic energy during earthquake and signals are transmitted out; the pressure sensors 1-6 and the displacement sensors 1-7 are respectively arranged on sliding blocks 2-4 of a friction pendulum support, and the pressure sensors 1-6 and the displacement sensors 1-7 can receive signals and transmit information data to the control system 3 when the friction pendulum works under the action of an earthquake; the control system 3 comprises a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and a control power switch 3-3, wherein the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 can process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust the power, namely, the power is disconnected, or the power is connected positively or reversely, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work; the two electromagnets 1-3 are respectively embedded into the upper column 1-1 and the lower column 1-2, the coils 1-4 are connected with the leads 1-5 and are connected into the control system 3, and when the control system 3 judges that the electromagnets 1-3 work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, and further the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support 2 can be controlled.
The invention discloses a control method of an electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device, which comprises the following steps: when earthquake occurs, the structure responds, at the moment, the friction pendulum works, a lower cover plate 2-2 of a friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with a lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with a foundation 1-8, an upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column 1-1, and a pressure sensor 1-6 and a displacement sensor 1-7 which are arranged on a sliding block receive signals and transmit information data to a control system 3; the pressure sensor data processor 3-1, the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and the control power switch 3-3 are connected in the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work; the two electromagnets 1-3 are respectively embedded into the upper column and the lower column, the coils 1-4 are connected with the leads 1-5 and are connected into the control system 3, when the control system 3 judges that the electromagnets 1-3 work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support 2 are further controlled, the safety value is ensured, and the friction pendulum support 2 works safely.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the electromagnet is combined with the existing computer technology, vibration control in multiple directions is achieved by controlling the magnetic force of the electromagnet, intelligent control over a common friction pendulum is achieved, and the problems that in the existing friction pendulum, the variability of friction coefficients, residual displacement and small vertical pulling resistance are likely to cause vertical overturning, a sliding block collides with a limiting ring to damage the limiting ring, sensitive response under the action of small excitation, failure under the action of large shock and the like are solved emphatically. The earthquake response of the structure can be efficiently reduced, so that a better earthquake reduction and isolation effect is achieved, and the purpose of better safety protection structure stability is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a front view of the overall configuration, fig. 2 is a plan view of the overall configuration, fig. 3 is a left side view of the overall configuration, fig. 4 is a configuration view of an electromagnet, fig. 5 is a configuration view of a single friction pendulum, and fig. 6 is a flow chart of a control method. Reference numerals and corresponding names: the device comprises an upper column 1-1, a lower column 1-2, an electromagnet 1-3, a coil 1-4, a lead 1-5, a pressure sensor 1-6, a displacement sensor 1-7, a foundation 1-8, a friction pendulum support 2, a control system 3, a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2, a control power switch 3-3, a friction pendulum support 2, an upper cover plate 2-1, a lower cover plate 2-2, a sliding curved surface 2-3, a sliding block 2-4 and a limiting block 2-5.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device and a control method, as shown in figures 1-6, the electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device comprises a horizontal seismic isolation unit and a vertical seismic isolation unit, wherein the horizontal seismic isolation unit is provided with a lower cover plate of a friction pendulum support 2 and connected with a lower column, the lower column is connected with a foundation, and an upper cover plate of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column; the vertical shock isolation unit is characterized in that electromagnets are embedded in upper and lower columns which are connected with upper and lower cover pendulums of the friction pendulum, and are connected with a control system at the same time, the vertical shock isolation unit comprises an upper column 1-1, a lower column 1-2, electromagnets 1-3, coils 1-4, leads 1-5, pressure sensors 1-6, displacement sensors 1-7, a foundation 1-8, a friction pendulum support 2 and a control system 3, wherein the friction pendulum support 2 is a shock absorption and isolation mechanism used in earthquakes and is composed of an upper cover plate 2-1, a lower cover plate 2-2, a sliding curved surface 2-3, a sliding block 2-4 and a limiting block 2-5; the control system 3 is an intelligent controller for adjusting the work of the electromagnet by controlling a power supply, and consists of a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and a control power supply switch device 3-3; the lower cover plate 2-2 of the friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with the lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with the foundation 1-8, and the upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with the upper column 1-1, so that the friction pendulum support 2 works to consume seismic energy during earthquake and signals are transmitted out; the pressure sensors 1-6 and the displacement sensors 1-7 are respectively arranged on sliding blocks 2-4 of a friction pendulum support, and the pressure sensors 1-6 and the displacement sensors 1-7 can receive signals and transmit information data to the control system 3 when the friction pendulum works under the action of an earthquake; the control system 3 comprises a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and a control power switch 3-3, wherein the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 can process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust the power, namely, the power is disconnected, or the power is connected positively or reversely, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work; the two electromagnets 1-3 are respectively embedded into the upper column 1-1 and the lower column 1-2, the coils 1-4 are connected with the leads 1-5 and are connected into the control system 3, and when the control system 3 judges that the electromagnets 1-3 work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, and further the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support 2 can be controlled.
As shown in fig. 1, the friction pendulum support 2 is a single friction pendulum support, and the sliding surface is a concave arc-shaped curved surface made of stainless steel material; a movable joint is arranged in the sliding block, so that the upper structure is in a horizontal state when the sliding block slides along the sliding groove; the bottom of the sliding block and the sliding surface have the same curvature radius and are coated with low-friction materials, so that seismic energy can be better dissipated.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the electromagnets 1-3 are alternating current electromagnets, the electromagnets are cylindrical, and coils are wound from the two ends of the electromagnets for multiple times in a clockwise manner; the diameter of the electromagnet is selected according to the diameter of the column, and is 15-25cm smaller than the diameter of the column, two electromagnets are respectively embedded into the upper column 1-1 and the lower column 1-2, the distance from the upper electromagnet 1-3 to the upper friction pendulum cover plate 2-1 is 3-6cm, and the distance from the lower electromagnet 1-3 to the lower friction pendulum cover plate 2-2 is 3-6 cm.
As shown in fig. 1, the control system 3 is an intelligent control system, and includes a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2, and a control power switch 3-3, where the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted from the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust the power, i.e., disconnect the power, or connect the power positively, or connect the power negatively, so as to control the operation of the electromagnets 1-3.
The invention discloses a control method of an electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device, which comprises the following steps as shown in figures 1-6: when earthquake occurs, the structure responds, at the moment, the friction pendulum works, a lower cover plate 2-2 of a friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with a lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with a foundation 1-8, an upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column 1-1, and a pressure sensor 1-6 and a displacement sensor 1-7 which are arranged on a sliding block receive signals and transmit information data to a control system 3; the pressure sensor data processor 3-1, the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and the control power switch 3-3 are connected in the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work; the two electromagnets 1-3 are respectively embedded into the upper column and the lower column, the coils 1-4 are connected with the leads 1-5 and are connected into the control system 3, when the control system 3 judges that the electromagnets 1-3 work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support 2 are further controlled, the safety value is ensured, and the friction pendulum support 2 works safely.
The control method of the electromagnetic control friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation device comprises the following steps when the earthquake acts:
(1) when the structure is interfered by earthquake, the structure responds, the weight of the upper structure measured by the pressure sensors 1-6 is M, and the interlayer displacement of the structure measured by the displacement sensors 1-7 is X;
(2) at the moment, the friction pendulum support 2 starts to work, a lower cover plate 2-2 of the friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with a lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with a foundation 1-8, an upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column 1-1, and the friction pendulum works as measured by a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on a sliding block 2-4Displacement and tangential force data X
2、F
2；
(3) The displacement of the friction pendulum support 2 during safe operation is X
0，X
min≤X
0≤X
max，X
minIs a minimum displacement safety value, X
maxIs the maximum displacement safety value; tangential force of F
0，F
min≤F
0≤F
max，F
minAt a minimum tangential force safety value, F
maxIs the maximum tangential force safety value;
(4) at the moment, information measured by the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor is completely fed back to the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1, the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and the control power switch 3-3 are connected in the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then the information data are transmitted to the control power switch through control signals to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work;
(5) if X is present
min≤X
2≤X
max，F
min≤F
2≤F
maxThen the controller inputs the signal: the power supply is cut off, and the electromagnets 1-3 do not work, namely N = 0;
(6) that is, the weight M of the upper structure is not changed, and the friction pendulum continues to work normally, according to the formula:
the calculated tangential force is not changed;
(7) due to the safe operation of the friction pendulum support 2, the interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(8) if X in this case
2≤X
min，F
2≤F
minThen the control system 3 inputs the signal: when the power is switched on, the electromagnet works and is in suction, namely N = N
1；
(9) That is, the weight of the upper structure at this time is M + N
1. The friction pendulum continues to work according to the formula
The calculated tangential force increases, and the displacement of the friction pendulum sliding increases accordingly.
(10) The normal work of the friction pendulum support 2 is ensured by the attraction of the electromagnets 1-3, the anti-pulling capacity is improved, and the structure is prevented from overturning; the interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(11) if X in this case
2≥X
max，F
2≥F
maxThen the control system 3 inputs the signal: the electromagnet works in a repulsive force, namely N = N
2；
(12) I.e. the weight of the superstructure at this time is M-N
2. The friction pendulum continues to work according to the formula
The calculated tangential force decreases and the displacement of the sliding of the friction pendulum decreases.
(13) The repulsion force of the electromagnets 1-3 ensures the normal work of the friction pendulum, avoids the collision damage of the friction pendulum support 2 to the limiting block, and simultaneously enables the structure displacement to be reset to the maximum extent possible;
(14) in the continuous earthquake process, the system controls the electromagnets 1-3 circularly according to information fed back by the pressure and displacement sensors, and further controls the friction pendulum to work circularly;
(15) the earthquake is over, and the controller system is closed.
The working process of the electromagnets 1 to 3 of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 4, the working process of the electromagnet is as follows: first assume that the safe value of displacement is X
0Safety value of pressure M
0，（M
1≤M
0≤M
2），M
1At a minimum pressure safety value, M
2Is the maximum pressure safety value. If the output values of the displacement sensor and the pressure sensor are X, M respectively. The acting force of the electromagnet is N.
(1) When X is less than or equal to X
0，M
1≤M≤M
2Then the command to the electromagnet by the control system at this time is inactive, i.e. N = 0.
(2) When X > X
0，M
1≤M≤M
2At this time, the command given to the electromagnet by the control system is working, and the acting force given to the friction pendulum by the electromagnet is adjusted to be N (N is the suction force).
(3) When X is less than or equal to X
0，M＜M
1At the moment, the control system adjusts the acting force of the electromagnet on the friction pendulum to be N = N
1(the two electromagnets are mutually attracted at the moment).
(4) When X is less than or equal to X
0，M＞M
2At the moment, the control system adjusts the acting force of the electromagnet on the friction pendulum to be N = N
2(in this case, mutual exclusion relationship between two electromagnets)
(5) When X > X
0，M＜M
1When N = N
3(N
3As suction); when X > X
0，M＞M
2When N = N
4(N
4As a repulsive force).
As shown in fig. 5, the single friction pendulum device area has the following mechanical parameters: under the excitation of strong shock, the friction pendulum support slides along a curved surface by using the working principle of a simple pendulum, and the tangential force F of the friction pendulum is as follows:
in the formula: f is the tangential force of the friction pendulum support; m is the weight of the building superstructure; n is a force (suction or repulsion) given by the electromagnet; x is the horizontal displacement of the support; r is the curvature radius of the sliding surface; mu is a friction coefficient; sgnX is a sign function related to displacement.
The support has the following rigidity after yielding:
the self-vibration period of the vibration isolation structure is as follows:
for the electromagnet, the working process of the electromagnet has mutual attraction and mutual repulsion (the magnetic pole can be changed only by changing the current direction).
The specific control method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 6, which is a flow chart of the whole control method, when an earthquake occurs, the structure responds, and at this time, the friction pendulum works, the lower cover plate 2-2 of the friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with the lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with the foundation 1-8, the upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with the upper column 1-1, and the pressure sensor 1-6 and the displacement sensor 1-7 mounted on the sliding block receive signals and transmit information data to the control system 3. The control system 3 is connected with a pressure sensor data processor 3-1, a displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and a control power switch 3-3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then the information data are transmitted to the control power switch through control signals to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work. The two electromagnets 1-3 are respectively embedded into the upper column and the lower column, the coils 1-4 are connected with the leads 1-5 and are connected into the control system 3, when the control system 3 judges that the electromagnets 1-3 work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, so that the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support 2 are controlled, the safety value is ensured, and the friction pendulum support 2 works safely.
When earthquake acts, the concrete control program is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) when the structure is interfered by earthquake, the structure responds, the weight of the upper structure measured by the pressure sensors 1-6 is M, and the interlayer displacement of the structure measured by the displacement sensors 1-7 is X;
(2) at the moment, the friction pendulum 2 starts to work, a lower cover plate 2-2 of a friction pendulum support 2 is fixedly connected with a lower column 1-2, the lower column 1-2 is connected with a foundation 1-8, an upper cover plate 2-1 of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column 1-1, and data of displacement and tangential force of the friction pendulum during working, measured by a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on a sliding block 2-4, is X
2、F
2；
(3) The displacement of the friction pendulum 2 during safe operation is X
0(X
min≤X
0≤X
max),X
minIs a minimum displacement safety value, X
maxIs the maximum displacement safety value. Tangential force of F
0(F
min≤F
0≤F
max),F
minAt a minimum tangential force safety value, F
maxIs the maximum tangential force safety value;
(4) at the moment, information measured by the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor is completely fed back to the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1, the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 and the control power switch 3-3 are connected in the control system 3, the pressure sensor data processor 3-1 and the displacement sensor data processor 3-2 process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then the information data are transmitted to the control power switch through control signals to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet 1-3 is controlled to work;
(5) if X is present
min≤X
2≤X
max，F
min≤F
2≤F
maxThen the controller inputs the signal: the power supply is cut off, and the electromagnets 1-3 do not work, namely N = 0;
(6) that is, the weight M of the upper structure is not changed, and the friction pendulum continues to work normally, according to the formula:
the calculated tangential force is not changed;
(7) due to the safe work of the friction pendulum 2, the interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(8) if X in this case
2≤X
min，F
2≤F
minThen the controller 3 inputs the signal: when the power is switched on, the electromagnet works and is in suction, namely N = N
1；
(9) That is, the weight of the upper structure at this time is M + N
1. The friction pendulum continues to work according to the formula
Calculated cutWhen the force is increased, the displacement of the sliding of the friction pendulum is also increased.
(10) The normal work of the friction pendulum 2 is ensured by the attraction of the electromagnets 1-3, the anti-pulling capacity is improved, and the structure is prevented from overturning. The interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(11) if X in this case
2≥X
max，F
2≥F
maxThen the controller 3 inputs the signal: the electromagnet works in a repulsive force, namely N = N
2；；
(12) I.e. the weight of the superstructure at this time is M-N
2. The friction pendulum continues to work according to the formula
The calculated tangential force decreases and the displacement of the sliding of the friction pendulum decreases.
(13) The repulsion force of the electromagnets 1-3 ensures the normal work of the friction pendulum, avoids the collision damage of the friction pendulum support 2 to the limiting block, and simultaneously enables the structure displacement to be reset to the maximum extent possible;
(14) in the continuous earthquake process, the system controls the electromagnets 1-3 circularly according to information fed back by the pressure and displacement sensors, and further controls the friction pendulum to work circularly;
(15) the earthquake is over, and the controller system is closed.
Claims (5)
1. An electromagnetic control friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation device comprises a horizontal vibration isolation unit and a vertical vibration isolation unit, wherein a lower cover plate of the horizontal vibration isolation unit, which is provided with a friction pendulum support (2), is connected with a lower column, the lower column is connected with a foundation, and an upper cover plate of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column; the vertical shock isolation unit is characterized in that the friction pendulum support (2) is a shock absorption and isolation mechanism used in earthquake and comprises an upper cover plate (2-1), a lower cover plate (2-2), a sliding curved surface (2-3), a sliding block (2-4) and a limiting block (2-5); the control system (3) is an intelligent controller for adjusting the work of the electromagnet by controlling a power supply, and consists of a pressure sensor data processor (3-1), a displacement sensor data processor (3-2) and a control power supply switch (3-3); the lower cover plate (2-2) of the friction pendulum support (2) is fixedly connected with the lower column (1-2), the lower column (1-2) is connected with the foundation (1-8), and the upper cover plate (2-1) of the friction pendulum is connected with the upper column (1-1) and is used for consuming seismic energy through the work of the friction pendulum support (2) during earthquake and transmitting signals; the pressure sensors (1-6) and the displacement sensors (1-7) are respectively arranged on sliding blocks (2-4) of a friction pendulum support, and the pressure sensors (1-6) and the displacement sensors (1-7) can receive signals and transmit information data to the control system (3) when the friction pendulum works under the action of an earthquake; the control system (3) comprises a pressure sensor data processor (3-1), a displacement sensor data processor (3-2) and a control power switch (3-3), wherein the pressure sensor data processor (3-1) and the displacement sensor data processor (3-2) can process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then transmit control signals to the control power switch to adjust the power, namely disconnect the power, or connect the power positively or connect negatively, so as to control the electromagnet (1-3) to work; the two electromagnets (1-3) are respectively embedded into the upper column (1-1) and the lower column (1-2), the coils (1-4) are connected with the leads (1-5) and are connected into the control system (3), and when the control system (3) judges that the electromagnets (1-3) work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or decreased through attraction or repulsion, and further the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support (2) can be controlled.
2. The electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device of claim 1, wherein: the friction pendulum support (2) is a single friction pendulum support, and the sliding surface is a concave arc-shaped curved surface made of stainless steel materials; a movable joint is arranged in the sliding block, so that the upper structure is in a horizontal state when the sliding block slides along the sliding groove; the bottom of the sliding block and the sliding surface have the same curvature radius and are coated with low-friction materials, so that seismic energy can be better dissipated.
3. The electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device of claim 1, wherein: the electromagnets (1-3) are alternating current electromagnets, the electromagnets are cylindrical, and coils are wound from two ends of the electromagnets for multiple times in a clockwise manner; the diameter of the electromagnet is selected according to the diameter of the column, and is 15-25cm smaller than the diameter of the column, two electromagnets are respectively arranged and embedded into the upper column (1-1) and the lower column (1-2), the distance from the upper electromagnet (1-3) to the upper cover plate (2-1) of the friction pendulum is 3-6cm, and the distance from the lower electromagnet (1-3) to the lower cover plate (2-2) of the friction pendulum is 3-6 cm.
4. The control method of the electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device is characterized by comprising the following steps: when earthquake occurs, the structure responds, the friction pendulum works, a lower cover plate (2-2) of a friction pendulum support (2) is fixedly connected with a lower column (1-2), the lower column (1-2) is connected with a foundation (1-8), an upper cover plate (2-1) of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column (1-1), and a pressure sensor (1-6) and a displacement sensor (1-7) which are arranged on a sliding block receive signals and transmit information data to a control system (3); the pressure sensor data processor (3-1), the displacement sensor data processor (3-2) and the control power switch (3-3) are connected in the control system (3), the pressure sensor data processor (3-1) and the displacement sensor data processor (3-2) process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then the information data are transmitted to the control power switch through control signals to adjust a power supply, so that the electromagnet (1-3) is controlled to work; the two electromagnets (1-3) are respectively embedded into the upper column and the lower column, the coils (1-4) are connected with the leads (1-5) and are connected into the control system (3), when the control system (3) judges that the electromagnets (1-3) work, the weight M of the upper structure can be increased or reduced through attraction or repulsion, so that the tangential force F and the displacement X of the friction pendulum support (2) are controlled, the safety value is ensured, and the friction pendulum support (2) works safely.
5. The method for controlling an electromagnetic control friction pendulum seismic isolation and reduction device according to claim 4, wherein when the earthquake acts, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) when the structure is subjected to earthquake interference, the structure responds, the weight of the upper structure measured by the pressure sensors (1-6) is M, and the structure interlayer displacement measured by the displacement sensors (1-7) is X;
(2) at the moment, the friction pendulum support (2) starts to work, a lower cover plate (2-2) of the friction pendulum support (2) is fixedly connected with a lower column (1-2), the lower column (1-2) is connected with a foundation (1-8), an upper cover plate (2-1) of the friction pendulum is connected with an upper column (1-1), and data of displacement and tangential force of the friction pendulum during working, which are measured by a pressure sensor and a displacement sensor which are arranged on a sliding block (2-4), are X
2、F
2；
(3) The displacement of the friction pendulum support (2) during safe operation is X
0，X
min≤X
0≤X
max，X
minIs a minimum displacement safety value, X
maxIs the maximum displacement safety value; tangential force of F
0，F
min≤F
0≤F
max，F
minAt a minimum tangential force safety value, F
maxIs the maximum tangential force safety value;
(4) at the moment, information measured by the pressure sensor and the displacement sensor is completely fed back to the control system (3), the pressure sensor data processor (3-1), the displacement sensor data processor (3-2) and the control power switch (3-3) are connected in the control system (3), the pressure sensor data processor (3-1) and the displacement sensor data processor (3-2) process and analyze information data transmitted by the sensors, and then the information data are transmitted to the control power switch through control signals to adjust the power supply, so that the electromagnet (1-3) is controlled to work;
(5) if X is present
min≤X
2≤X
max，F
min≤F
2≤F
maxThen the controller inputs the signal: the power supply is cut off, the electromagnet (1-3) does not work, namely N = 0;
(6) that is, the weight M of the upper structure is not changed, and the friction pendulum continues to work normally, according to the formula:
the calculated tangential force is not changed; r in the formula is the curvature radius of the sliding surface; mu is a friction coefficient; sgnX is a sign function related to displacement;
(7) due to the safe work of the friction pendulum support (2), the interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(8) if X in this case
2≤X
min，F
2≤F
minThen the control system (3) inputs the signal: when the power is switched on, the electromagnet works and is in suction, namely N = N
1；
(9) That is, the weight of the upper structure at this time is M + N
1(ii) a The friction pendulum continues to work, according to this formula:
the calculated tangential force is increased, and the sliding displacement of the friction pendulum is increased; r in the formula is the curvature radius of the sliding surface; mu is a friction coefficient; sgnX is a sign function related to displacement;
(10) the normal work of the friction pendulum support (2) is ensured by the attraction of the electromagnets (1-3), the anti-pulling capacity is improved, and the structure is prevented from overturning; the interlayer displacement X of the structure is obviously reduced, and the safety and stability of the structure are ensured;
(11) if X in this case
2≥X
max，F
2≥F
maxThen the control system (3) inputs the signal: the electromagnet works in a repulsive force, namely N = N
2；
(12) I.e. the weight of the superstructure at this time is M-N
2(ii) a The friction pendulum continues to work, according to this formula:
when the calculated tangential force is reduced, the sliding displacement of the friction pendulum is reduced; r in the formula is the curvature radius of the sliding surface; mu is a friction coefficient; sgnX is a sign function related to displacement;
(13) the repulsion force of the electromagnets (1-3) ensures the normal work of the friction pendulum, avoids the collision damage of the friction pendulum support (2) to the limiting block, and simultaneously enables the structure displacement to be reset to the maximum extent possible;
(14) in the continuous process of earthquake, the system controls the electromagnets (1-3) according to the information by the pressure and displacement sensor, and then controls the friction pendulum to work circularly;
(15) the earthquake is over, and the controller system is closed.
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| CN111877590A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-03 | 兰州理工大学 | Friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation device based on direct current and alternating current electromagnet control |
| CN112648330B (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2021-12-14 | 西南科技大学 | Semi-actively controlled pendulum type three-dimensional showcase shock isolation device |
| CN113110102A (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-07-13 | 兰州理工大学 | Friction pendulum semi-active shock isolation system based on PSO algorithm and control method |
| CN114046326B (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2024-02-23 | 兰州理工大学 | Electromagnetic friction pendulum vibration reduction and isolation support and wiring method of coil winding |
| WO2023108301A1 (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | The Governors Of The University Of Alberta | Smart friction pendulum system |
| CN114623184A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-06-14 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Intelligent adjusting system suitable for electromagnetic shock absorber |
| CN114808674B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-12-08 | 长沙理工大学 | Self-adaptive friction pendulum support based on electromagnetic control and resetting method |
| CN115182476B (en) * | 2022-08-11 | 2024-03-29 | 安徽工业大学 | Three-dimensional vibration isolation system capable of achieving elastic limiting at ordinary times and unilateral limiting during working |
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| KR101369897B1 (en) * | 2012-01-11 | 2014-03-06 | 한국과학기술원 | Semi-active seismic isolation devices |
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