CN109836119B - Temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions and manufacturing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions and manufacturing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions and a manufacturing method and application thereof, wherein the temperature-sensitive ceramic comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer with heat resistance and cold resistance functions compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer or a decorative layer compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic is consistent with the physical and chemical properties of the existing ceramic product without the functional layer. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of preparing the ceramic body layer and preparing the functional layer. The formula system adopted by the ceramic functional layer is adapted to the blank formula system of the existing ceramic product, so that the expansion coefficients of the functional layer and the blank layer are consistent, and the pore-forming agent is added on the basis of the expansion coefficients, so that the temperature-sensing ceramic with the functions of heat resistance and cold avoidance is obtained, the problem of discomfort caused by cold or hot scalding when a body contacts the ceramic can be effectively solved, and the physical properties and the chemical properties of the existing ceramic product cannot be changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a ceramic formula technology, in particular to a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions, a manufacturing method and application thereof.
Background
The existing conventional ceramics can be distinguished from ceramic, stoneware and porcelain ceramics in material. The ceramic is a compact material, although the physical and chemical properties are good, such as high breaking strength, acid and alkali resistance and weather resistance; however, the conventional products cannot meet the daily life requirements of people for pursuing high quality, such as cold weather, and discomfort caused by cold when the feet of the body contact the ceramic floor; for example, in case of overheating of daily ceramic products such as a ceramic pot for cooking soup, a ceramic cup for containing hot water, and the like, when hands or mouths of a human body contact with ceramic, discomfort caused by scalding is caused.
The existing foamed ceramic is a porous ceramic material with small volume density, high porosity and a three-dimensional network structure, and has the characteristic of light weight. However, in order to pursue light heat preservation, the traditional foamed ceramics are made into large holes, the diameter of each hole is more than 0.5mm, part of the holes are connected with vent holes and are visible to naked eyes, the foaming rate is 70% -85%, and therefore the heat preservation effect of the foamed ceramics is better, but the strength is low, and the appearance is not delicate and compact enough. Therefore, in appearance form, the conventional foamed ceramics are designed into large-size structural parts, the thickness of the structural parts is more than 20mm, the application range of the structural parts is severely limited, and the conventional foamed ceramics are only applied to indoor partition boards or external wall insulation boards at present.
At present, a ceramic which has the functions of heat resistance and cold avoidance and does not change the technical quality indexes of the physical properties, the chemical properties and the like of the existing product is lacked in the market, and the ceramic can be applied to building sanitary ceramics, daily ceramics or industrial art ceramics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The formula system adopted by the ceramic functional layer is adapted to the existing ceramic body formula system (such as a feldspar-alumina-silica system or the conventional body system in the prior art), so that the expansion coefficients of the functional layer and the body layer are consistent, and the pore-forming agent is added on the basis of the expansion coefficients, so that the temperature-sensing ceramic with the functions of heat resistance and cold avoidance is obtained, the problem of discomfort caused by cold or hot scalding when a body contacts the ceramic can be effectively solved, and the physical properties and the chemical properties of the existing ceramic product cannot be changed.
The second objective of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions in building sanitary ceramics, daily ceramics or industrial art ceramics.
One of the purposes of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer or a decorative layer compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has water absorption, breaking strength and other physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic product without the functional layer.
Further, the functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-60 parts of ceramic waste powder, 1-30 parts of stone waste powder, 15-50 parts of feldspar, 5-30 parts of kaolin, 1-15 parts of quartz and 0.1-3 parts of pore-forming agent.
Further, the preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; and dissolving the fine particles by using a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly stirring, and conveying into a dryer for drying to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes.
Further, the pore-forming material is selected from one or more of carbonate, carbon, silicon carbide, sodium silicate, charcoal, straw, corncob, organic polymer microspheres, porous mineral powder doped with a proper amount of glass powder, volcanic ash and thermal power generation incinerators; the organic polymer microspheres are selected from one or more of PP polymer microspheres, PE polymer microspheres and PS polymer microspheres; the porous mineral powder is selected from one or more of sepiolite, diatomite, zeolite, pumice and attapulgite.
Further, the liquid medium is selected from one of ethanol water glass, isopropanol and methanol, the dispersing agent is selected from one of polyethylene glycol, triton and PVP, and the adding amount of the dispersing agent is 0.05-2% of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer is 60-80 ℃.
Further, the pore diameter of the pores of the functional layer is 10-300 μm; the whole thickness of the functional layer is 300-5000 μm; the porosity of the functional layer is 4% -6%; the density of the functional layer was 0.8g/cm3-1.2g/cm3。
The second purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for manufacturing temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold resistance functions comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic green body layer: preparing a ceramic body layer by adopting a conventional formula and a conventional process;
the step of preparing the functional layer: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; and coating the ceramic body layer with conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions.
Furthermore, in the manufacturing method, in the step of preparing the functional layer, the firing temperature is 900-1400 ℃, and the firing time is 0.5-30 h.
Furthermore, the manufacturing method also comprises the step of adding a decorative layer, namely, the surface of the functional layer is decorated by color, pattern or shape before sintering, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the application of the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions in building ceramics or daily ceramics.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the formula system adopted by the ceramic functional layer is adapted to the existing ceramic body formula system (such as a feldspar-alumina-silica system or the conventional body system in the prior art), so that the expansion coefficients of the functional layer and the body layer are consistent, and the pore-forming agent is added on the basis of the expansion coefficients, so that the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the functions of heat resistance and cold avoidance is obtained, the problem of discomfort caused by cold or hot scalding when a body contacts the ceramic can be effectively solved, and the physical properties and the chemical properties of the existing ceramic product cannot be changed.
The foaming rate of the existing foaming ceramic is 70-85%, the foaming rate is high, the pore size is large, and the properties such as strength and the like are greatly reduced, so that the foaming ceramic can not be suitable for ceramic products with higher requirements on comprehensive properties such as strength and the like. The foaming rate of the ceramic product is less than 10 percent, so the integral strength of the ceramic product is not obviously reduced, the strength of the ceramic product is basically consistent with the strength of the current building ceramic and daily ceramic, the ceramic product can be executed according to the technical quality standard of the current ceramic product, and the ceramic product can be suitable for ceramic products with higher requirements on comprehensive properties, such as daily ceramic or building ceramic, such as ceramic pots, ceramic cups, ceramic wall and floor tiles, and the like.
In conclusion, compared with the traditional foamed ceramics, the temperature-sensitive ceramic has excellent physical and chemical properties, has better heat resistance and cold resistance, and meets the requirements of load, abrasion resistance, scrubbing resistance and the like during use; it is especially suitable for daily use ceramic or building ceramic wall and floor tiles with high strength requirement and heat and cold resistance. And the traditional foamed ceramics are only applied to the fields of building heat-insulating materials and partition wall materials.
(2) The functional layer has high bonding degree with the existing ceramic body and excellent quality and performance, and the ceramic of the invention can completely meet the technical requirements of the ceramic products of the materials on quality, physical properties, chemical properties and the like specified in national standards.
(3) The method has the same production process flow as the conventional ceramic product, does not need to modify and upgrade equipment, does not increase additional investment, and has controllable cost. Therefore, special mechanical equipment is not required to be added like foamed ceramics.
(4) The decoration treatment such as coloring, shaping and the like of the outer surface of the existing ceramic product is not influenced, the appearance structure of the product is not obviously different from that of the existing product without the functional layer, and the product comprises but not limited to a flat plate structure and a three-dimensional special-shaped structure, and the application range of the existing ceramic is not limited.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a micrograph of micro closed pores in a functional layer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the pore width and pore volume of a temperature-sensitive ceramic according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of a ceramic pot having a heat-blocking function according to example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a ceramic cup having heat and cold resistance according to example 7 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a ceramic floor tile having a cold-shielding function according to example 8 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a photograph of a dragon can having a heat-blocking function according to example 9 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, and it should be noted that any combination of the embodiments or technical features described below can be used to form a new embodiment without conflict.
In the present invention, all parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise specified, and the equipment and materials used are commercially available or commonly used in the art. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
A temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer or a decorative layer compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the holes are micro closed air holes, as shown in figure 1; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer. Wherein, the thickness of the functional layer is 1/8-1/5 of the whole thickness of the temperature-sensitive ceramic. The conventional ceramic refers to ceramic directly fired from a conventional ceramic body, or ceramic prepared by compounding a decorative layer on a conventional ceramic body layer. The consistent physicochemical properties of the temperature-sensitive ceramic and the conventional ceramic without the functional layer mean that the temperature-sensitive ceramic and the conventional ceramic meet the corresponding quality technical standards of the existing ceramic products, including national standards and industrial standards. Wherein, the conventional ceramic body layer can be selected from one of ceramic body, stoneware body and porcelain body.
As a further embodiment, the functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-60 parts of ceramic waste powder, 1-30 parts of stone waste powder, 15-50 parts of feldspar, 5-30 parts of kaolin, 1-15 parts of quartz and 0.1-3 parts of pore-forming agent. Wherein the waste powder of the ceramic product comprises ceramic defective products and waste powder generated in the processing processes of cutting, grinding, polishing and the like.
As a further embodiment, the functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of ceramic waste powder, 5-20 parts of stone waste powder, 30-45 parts of feldspar, 8-15 parts of kaolin, 5-13 parts of quartz and 0.2-2 parts of pore-forming agent.
The functional layer adopts a material preparation system which is adaptive to the blank of the existing ceramic blank, namely a feldspar-alumina-silica system, and after system tests, the functional layer base prescription with consistent expansion coefficients is obtained, and a pore-forming agent is added on the basis of the functional layer base prescription to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the functions of heat resistance and cold avoidance. Under the environment condition of supercooling or overheating, the discomfort caused by coldness or scalding when the body contacts the ceramic can be effectively solved. The expansion coefficient of the functional layer is consistent with that of the green body layer and the decorative layer, so that the functional layer and the green body layer are well adapted. The volume is increased due to the hole forming, and the problems of cracking, upwarping and the like are caused by inconsistent shrinkage with the blank and the decorative glaze layer. Therefore, the raw materials with larger linear expansion coefficient are selected in the formula selection of the functional layer, so that the influence of the sintering shrinkage and pore-forming expansion on the volume is mutually offset, the expansion coefficient is kept unchanged, and the good combination of the sintering shrinkage and the pore-forming expansion is obtained. The size of the air holes in the functional layer can be controlled by the particle size of the pore forming agent and the high-temperature viscosity of the glaze. The high-temperature viscosity is too high to be beneficial to the growth of pores, otherwise, the high-temperature viscosity is too low to cause the growth of pores, and the strength of the glaze layer is reduced. It is therefore critical to control the size of the aperture.
In addition, the invention also adopts waste powder generated in the production and processing process of ceramic products and waste stone powder obtained by cutting and polishing stones. The waste powder of the ceramic product is sintered ceramic, so that the physical and chemical properties of the ceramic product are stable. China is a big stone processing country, the amount of waste stone powder generated by processing every year is quite remarkable, and the environment is seriously polluted. The waste stone powder is used as raw material, is aggregate in the temperature-sensitive ceramic blank, and has the function of regulating the refractoriness and high-temperature viscosity of the functional layer. In a word, the invention solves the problem of treatment of production waste, recycles and changes waste into valuable, and is beneficial to environmental protection.
As a further implementation mode, the manufacturing method of the functional layer micropores adopts a mode of adding pore-forming agents, and the pore-forming agents are heated in the ceramic sintering process to generate gas, so that fine cells are formed. The finer the fineness of the pore-forming agent, the higher its surface energy, and the more easily it is agglomerated to form secondary particles. In order to obtain fine particles with highly concentrated particle size distribution range, the invention adopts an ultrafine grinding machine for preparation. In order to achieve good dispersion of the pore former, a dispersant needs to be added. The concrete preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinder to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. The pore-forming agent has extremely fine particles with the particle size less than 1000 meshes, and ensures that uniform, fine and independent closed pores are obtained during firing, so that the rupture strength is good.
In a further embodiment, the pore-forming agent used in the present invention is a substance that can generate gas during firing, and the pore-forming material is selected from one or more of carbonate, carbon, silicon carbide, sodium silicate, charcoal, straw, corncob, organic polymer microspheres, porous mineral powder doped with a proper amount of glass powder, volcanic ash, and thermal power incineration. The organic polymer microspheres are selected from one or more of PP polymer microspheres, PE polymer microspheres, PS polymer microspheres and the like. The porous mineral powder is selected from one or more of sepiolite, diatomite, zeolite, pumice, and attapulgite.
As a further embodiment, the liquid medium is selected from one of ethanol, water glass, isopropanol and methanol, the dispersant is selected from one of polyethylene glycol, triton and PVP, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 0.05-2.0% of the weight of the pore-forming material, preferably, the addition amount of the dispersant is 1% of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer is 60-80 ℃, and preferably, the temperature of the dryer is 70 ℃.
As a further embodiment, the functional layer has a pore diameter of 10 μm to 300 μm; the thickness of the functional layer is 300-5000 μm; the porosity of the functional layer is 4% -6%; the density of the functional layer was 0.8g/cm3-1.2g/cm3。
Specifically, the temperature control principle of the ceramic functional layer of the invention is as follows: by manufacturing a large number of closed air holes in the functional layer body, the heat conduction speed and efficiency are reduced. The conditions to be realized are as follows: 1. the closed pores are mutually independent, and the pore diameter is within a certain range. Once the pores are interconnected, the strength is significantly reduced. The aperture is too large, the strength is also reduced, but the aperture is too small, and the heat insulation effect cannot meet the use requirement; 2. the functional layer has a thickness range. Too thin, too short longitudinal insulation path, and poor insulation effect. The too thick thickness easily causes the glaze shrinkage of the decorative layer, and the strength is also reduced; 3. the number of pores is controlled within a certain range. Too many air holes increase the probability of generating communicating air holes and the product performance is reduced. The quantity of the air holes is too small, the heat insulation effect is not enough, and the use requirement cannot be met. In summary, the objective of the above control is to obtain a functional layer with a fine, independent, round and uniformly distributed porous structure, and to make the functional layer have good rupture strength and other comprehensive and reasonable performances.
The manufacturing method of the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic green body layer: preparing a ceramic body layer by adopting a conventional formula and a conventional process; the method comprises the following specific steps: the ceramic body is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 6-8 parts of medium white sodium sand, 6-10 parts of water mill potassium sand, 12-17 parts of medium temperature white sand, 6-8 parts of washing mud, 2.5-4 parts of Guangxi sodalite, 8-12 parts of high potassium sand, 4.5-6 parts of medium temperature sand, 5-8 parts of bentonite, 10-14 parts of Huaijing sand, 14-18 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 2-4 parts of talc mud, 12-15 parts of mixed mud and 4-7 parts of high alumina powder.
The manufacturing method comprises the following steps:
ball milling: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then ball-milling for 8-12h by using a ball mill;
removing iron from the slurry and sieving: filtering and removing iron by using a screen with 70-90 meshes to obtain slurry;
and (3) ageing the slurry: aging the slurry subjected to iron removal for 1 day at room temperature;
forming a blank body:
the slurry can be directly used, and a blank body is obtained by adopting a grouting forming process;
the slurry can be squeezed into pug, and a green body is obtained by adopting a plastic forming mode;
or drying the slurry by a spray tower to prepare powder, ageing the powder for 1 day at room temperature, and sieving the aged powder by a 10-30-mesh sieve to remove iron to obtain the powder. Dry pressing to obtain a blank;
the step of preparing the functional layer: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic product waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; and coating the ceramic body layer with conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions.
As a further embodiment, in the step of preparing the functional layer, the thickness of the functional layer is 300-5000 μm, the firing temperature is 900-1400 ℃, and the firing time is 0.5-30 h. In order to ensure the optimal performance index of the product, the more optimal coating thickness can be 500-; during firing, the firing system has great influence on the size of the formed holes, so that the more optimized firing temperature is 1030-1280 ℃, and the firing time is 0.5-4 h.
As a further embodiment, the manufacturing method comprises the step of adding a decorative layer, namely, carrying out color, pattern or shape decoration on the surface of the functional layer before sintering, and enabling the decorative glaze of the decorative layer to cover the functional layer.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: the application of the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions in building sanitary ceramics, daily ceramics or industrial art ceramics.
Wherein, the building sanitary ceramics include but are not limited to ceramic tiles and sanitary wares;
domestic ceramics include, but are not limited to, ceramic tableware, ceramic cups, ceramic pots;
the art ceramics include but are not limited to vases, flower plates and porcelain plate paintings.
The following are specific examples of the present invention, and raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples can be obtained by purchasing them unless otherwise specified.
Example 1: ceramic temperature-sensing ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions
A porcelain temperature-sensing ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 10 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 45 parts of feldspar, 10 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of quartz and 0.2 part of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from porous mineral powder doped with glass powder; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The thickness of the functional layer is 300 μm; the porosity of the functional layer is 4.33% -4.65%; the density of the functional layer was 1.01g/cm3。
The manufacturing method of the porcelain temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions comprises the following steps:
the steps of preparing the porcelain ceramic body layer are as follows: the porcelain ceramic body is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of medium white sodium sand, 25 parts of potassium sand, 12 parts of medium temperature white sand, 7 parts of water washing mud, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaijing sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 1 part of talc mud, 11 parts of mixed mud and 2 parts of high alumina stone powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry subjected to iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder at room temperature for aging for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen of 10-30 meshes, removing iron, placing the blank in a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
the preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the green body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; drying and finally sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1250 ℃, and the sintering time is 1 h.
Example 2: stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions
A stoneware porcelain temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions comprises a conventional stoneware porcelain green body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic green body layer and has the heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of ceramic waste powder, 10 parts of stone waste powder, 30 parts of feldspar, 12 parts of kaolin, 8 parts of quartz and 1 part of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, grinding uniformly, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 mesh. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from a mixture of silicon carbide and carbonate; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from triton, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The thickness of the functional layer is 1000 μm; the porosity of the functional layer is 4.23% -4.75%; the density of the functional layer was 1.05g/cm3。
The method for manufacturing the stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of: the ceramic body of the stoneware ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 9 parts of medium white sodium sand, 22 parts of potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 7 parts of washing mud, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaijing sand, 14 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 1 part of talc mud, 13 parts of mixed mud and 2 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder at room temperature for aging for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen of 10-30 meshes, removing iron, placing the blank in a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
the preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic product waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1200 ℃, and the sintering time is 1.5 h.
Example 3: fine stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions
A fine stoneware temperature-sensing ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional fine stoneware ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 15 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 30 parts of feldspar, 12 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of quartz and 1.5 parts of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinder to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from silicon carbide; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The whole thickness of the functional layer is 900 ℃ mu m; the porosity of the functional layer is 4.35% -4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 1.15g/cm3。
The method for manufacturing the fine stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of: the ceramic body of the fine stoneware ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of medium white sodium sand, 8 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 7 parts of washing mud, 3 parts of Guangxi sodium stone, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaijing sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 2 parts of talc mud, 12 parts of mixed mud and 3 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder at room temperature for aging for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen of 10-30 meshes, removing iron, placing the blank in a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
the preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1150 ℃, and the sintering time is 1.5 h.
Example 4: stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions
A stoneware temperature-sensing ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional stoneware ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 18 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 32 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of quartz and 0.2 part of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from organic polymeric microspheres; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The whole thickness of the functional layer is 900 ℃ mu m; the functional layer has a porosity of 4.35% to 4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 1.15g/cm3。
The method for manufacturing the stoneware temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises the following steps:
preparing a stoneware ceramic green body layer: the ceramic body of the stoneware ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of medium white sodium sand, 8 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 7 parts of water-washed mud, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaiju sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 2 parts of talc mud, 13 parts of mixed mud and 5 parts of high alumina stone powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder at room temperature for aging for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen with 10-30 meshes, removing iron, putting the blank into a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
preparing a functional layer and a decorative layer: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1105 ℃ and the sintering time is 50 min.
Example 5: ceramic temperature-sensing ceramic with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions
A ceramic temperature-sensing ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the heat resistance and cold avoidance functions, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 12 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 45 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of quartz and 2 parts of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from thermal power incineration; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The whole thickness of the functional layer is 900 ℃ mu m; the porosity of the functional layer is 4.35% -4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 1.15g/cm3。
The manufacturing method of the ceramic temperature-sensing ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic body layer comprises the following steps: the ceramic body of the ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of medium white sodium sand, 7 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 8 parts of washing mud, 3 parts of Guangxi sodium stone, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaiji sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 13 parts of mixed mud and 6 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder at room temperature for aging for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen of 10-30 meshes, removing iron, placing the blank in a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
the preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 980 ℃, and the sintering time is 1.5 h.
Example 6
A ceramic tile with heat and cold resistance function is shown in figure 5, and the ceramic floor tile is a temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat and cold resistance function prepared by the formula and the process of the embodiment 3 and is applied to building ceramics.
Example 7
A ceramic pot with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions is applied to daily ceramics, and comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer with heat-resistant and cold-resistant functions and a decorative layer, wherein the functional layer is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 5 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 40 parts of feldspar, 12 parts of kaolin, 13 parts of quartz and 0.2 part of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from a mixture of sodium silicate, silicon carbide and corncobs; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The thickness of the functional layer is 1500 μm; the functional layer has a porosity of 4.35% to 4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 1.10g/cm3。
The ceramic pot adopts the following method, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic body layer comprises the following steps: the ceramic body of the ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of medium white sodium sand, 7 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 16 parts of washing mud, 3 parts of Guangxi sodium stone, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaiji sand, 8 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 13 parts of mixed mud and 6 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; the ceramic green body layer can be obtained by plastic molding or slip casting.
The preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic product waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1080 ℃, and the sintering time is 18 h.
Example 8
A ceramic cup with heat-resisting and cold-preventing functions is applied to daily ceramics, and is shown in figure 4. The ceramic cup comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the functions of heat resistance and cold resistance, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 18 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 32 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of kaolin, 10 parts of quartz and 0.2 part of pore-forming agent.
The pore-forming agent is prepared as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein the pore-forming material is selected from a mixture of carbon, silicon carbide, sodium silicate, charcoal, straw and volcanic ash; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The thickness of the functional layer is 850 mu m; the functional layer has a porosity of 4.35% to 4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 1.12g/cm3。
The manufacturing method of the ceramic temperature-sensing ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic body layer comprises the following steps: the ceramic body of the ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of medium white sodium sand, 7 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 8 parts of washing mud, 3 parts of Guangxi sodium stone, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaiji sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 13 parts of mixed mud and 6 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry after iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; adopting plastic molding: the mud is pressed and filtered into mud blocks, then the mud blocks are subjected to vacuum pugging to form compact mud strips, and then the compact mud strips are subjected to plastic molding according to requirements to obtain blanks.
The preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the waste ceramic powder, the waste stone powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1280 ℃, and the sintering time is 5 h.
Example 9
A dragon pot with heat and cold resisting functions, as shown in figure 6, is applied to medical apparatus, and is used as auxiliary vessel for moxibustion in Chinese medicinal therapy. The dragon pot with the composite functional layer solves the problem that hands are scalded in the using process, and greatly reduces the probability of falling damage caused by scalding.
The fire dragon pot comprises a conventional ceramic body layer, a functional layer which is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer and has the functions of heat resistance and cold resistance, and a decorative layer which is compounded on the surface of the functional layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the temperature-sensitive ceramic has physical and chemical properties consistent with those of the existing ceramic without the functional layer.
The functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of waste powder of ceramic products, 12 parts of waste powder of stone materials, 45 parts of feldspar, 8 parts of kaolin, 5 parts of quartz and 2 parts of pore-forming agent.
The preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding the fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, uniformly grinding, and drying by a dryer to form the pore-forming agent with good fluidity, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes. Wherein, the pore-forming material is selected from silicon carbide and porous mineral powder doped with a proper amount of glass powder; the liquid medium is selected from ethanol, the dispersant is selected from polyethylene glycol, and the addition amount of the dispersant is 1 percent of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer was 70 ℃. The thickness of the functional layer is 350 μm; the functional layer has a porosity of 4.35% to 4.76%; the density of the functional layer was 0.93g/cm3。
The manufacturing method of the dragon pot comprises the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic body layer comprises the following steps: the ceramic body of the ceramic body layer is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of medium white sodium sand, 7 parts of water-milled potassium sand, 15 parts of medium temperature white sand, 8 parts of washing mud, 3 parts of Guangxi sodium stone, 10 parts of high potassium sand, 5 parts of medium temperature sand, 12 parts of Huaiji sand, 16 parts of Yangshan stone powder, 13 parts of mixed mud and 6 parts of high alumina powder. The preparation method comprises the following steps: proportioning according to the formula amount of the ceramic body, and then carrying out ball milling for 10 hours by using a ball mill; filtering and removing iron by using a 80-mesh screen to obtain slurry; aging the slurry subjected to iron removal for 1 day at room temperature; preparing the aged slurry into powder by using a spray tower; placing the powder material at room temperature for ageing for 1 day; filtering the aged powder by using a screen of 10-30 meshes, removing iron, placing the blank in a press, and pressing under the action of a die to obtain a ceramic blank layer;
the preparation of the functional layer and the decorative layer comprises the following steps: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; coating the ceramic body layer by adopting conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer; then coloring or shaping decoration is carried out on the surface of the functional layer, and the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer; and finally, sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions. The sintering temperature of the high-temperature sintering is 1200 ℃, and the sintering time is 8 h.
Effect evaluation and Performance detection
1. The performance of the temperature-sensitive ceramic tiles of examples 1-5 was tested, and the test items and results are shown in tables 1-2, and the test methods and criteria were performed according to GB/T4100-2015. The detection of the breaking strength, the modulus of rupture, the water absorption, the freezing resistance, the thermal shock resistance, the glaze crack resistance, the chemical corrosion resistance and the pollution resistance is qualified, and the appearance is free from defects.
Table 1 shows the results of measuring the pore diameters of the temperature-sensitive ceramic tiles of examples 1 to 5
| Pore diameter (μm) of functional layer | |
| Example 1 | 172 |
| Example 2 | 167 |
| Example 3 | 153 |
| Example 4 | 183 |
| Example 5 | 204 |
Table 2 shows the results of the physical and chemical properties of the temperature-sensitive ceramic tiles of examples 1 to 5
Remarking: in the above examples, the results were obtained by using ceramic tiles of 7.0mm thickness formed by dry pressing as the comparative test.
The water content, the breaking strength, the modulus of rupture, the thermal shock resistance, the frost resistance and the chemical corrosion resistance of the temperature-sensitive ceramics in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the invention are basically consistent with the physical and chemical properties of the existing product without a functional layer. Therefore, the addition of the functional layer does not influence the relevant physicochemical properties of the product to reach the standard.
2. The thermal diffusivity of the temperature-sensitive ceramic prepared by the invention is gradually reduced along with the rise of the external temperature, and the performance of the thermal diffusivity of the temperature-sensitive ceramic is detected along with the rise of the external temperature by taking the temperature-sensitive ceramic prepared in the embodiment 1 as an example, and the result is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 relationship of thermal diffusivity to temperature
As can be seen from the data of table 3, the thermal diffusivity of the temperature-sensitive ceramic decreases as the external temperature increases.
3. Pore size to pore volume relationship
The relationship between the pore diameter and the pore volume of the temperature-sensitive ceramic of example 1 was measured by the BET specific surface area measurement method, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
The results were analyzed as follows: as shown in FIG. 2, the temperature-sensitive ceramic has pores with a diameter of 2.5nm to 3.5nm, and the pores with a diameter of 2.5nm are the largest.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions is characterized by comprising a conventional ceramic body layer and a functional layer with heat resistance and cold avoidance functions, wherein the functional layer is compounded on the surface of the conventional ceramic body layer; the functional layer is a ceramic glaze layer with a porous structure; the pores of the porous structure are micro closed pores; the porosity of the functional layer is 4% -6%; the water absorption rate, the breaking strength and other physical and chemical properties of the temperature-sensitive ceramic are consistent with those of the existing ceramic product without the functional layer;
the functional layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-60 parts of ceramic waste powder, 1-30 parts of stone waste powder, 15-50 parts of feldspar, 5-30 parts of kaolin, 1-15 parts of quartz and 0.1-3 parts of pore-forming agent;
the preparation process of the pore-forming agent is as follows: grinding the pore-forming material by using an ultra-fine grinding machine to obtain fine particles; adding the fine particles into a liquid medium, adding a dispersing agent, grinding uniformly, and drying by a dryer to form a pore-forming agent with good fluidity;
the pore diameter of the pores of the functional layer is 10-300 μm; the whole thickness of the functional layer is 300-5000 μm; function(s)The density of the layer was 0.8g/cm3-1.2g/cm3。
2. The temperature-sensitive ceramic with the functions of resisting heat and avoiding cold as claimed in claim 1, wherein a decorative layer is compounded on the surface of the functional layer.
3. The temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat and cold resistance function as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, wherein the particle size of the pore-forming agent is less than 1000 meshes.
4. The temperature-sensing ceramic with the functions of resisting heat and avoiding cold as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pore-forming material is selected from one or more of any combination of carbonate, carbon, silicon carbide, sodium silicate, charcoal, straw, corncob, organic polymer microspheres, porous mineral powder doped with a proper amount of glass powder, volcanic ash and thermal power generation incinerators; the organic polymer microspheres are selected from any combination of one or more of PP polymer microspheres, PE polymer microspheres and PS polymer microspheres; the porous mineral powder is selected from one or more of sepiolite, diatomite, zeolite, pumice and attapulgite.
5. The temperature-sensitive ceramic with the functions of resisting heat and avoiding cold as claimed in claim 4, wherein the liquid medium is selected from one of ethanol, water glass, isopropanol and methanol, the dispersing agent is selected from one of polyethylene glycol, triton and PVP, and the adding amount of the dispersing agent is 0.05-2% of the weight of the pore-forming material; the temperature of the dryer is 60-80 ℃.
6. The method for manufacturing the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold resistance functions as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the step of preparing the ceramic green body layer: preparing a ceramic blank layer by adopting a conventional formula and process;
the step of preparing the functional layer: mixing and ball-milling the ceramic waste powder, the stone waste powder, feldspar, kaolin, quartz and a pore-forming agent according to the formula ratio to obtain functional glaze slurry; and coating the ceramic body layer with conventional glazing equipment to obtain a functional layer, and then sintering at high temperature to obtain the temperature-sensitive ceramic with the heat resistance and cold prevention functions.
7. The method for manufacturing a temperature-sensitive ceramic having heat and cold resistance as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step of preparing the functional layer, the firing temperature is 900 ℃ to 1400 ℃ and the firing time is 0.5h to 30 h.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, further comprising a step of adding a decorative layer, wherein the decorative layer is formed by decorating the surface of the functional layer with colors, patterns or shapes before firing, so that the decorative glaze of the decorative layer covers the functional layer.
9. Use of the temperature-sensitive ceramic with heat and cold resistant functions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 in architectural sanitary ceramics, household ceramics or industrial art ceramics.
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