CN109830625B - Cylindrical battery thermal management system - Google Patents

Cylindrical battery thermal management system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109830625B
CN109830625B CN201910060496.4A CN201910060496A CN109830625B CN 109830625 B CN109830625 B CN 109830625B CN 201910060496 A CN201910060496 A CN 201910060496A CN 109830625 B CN109830625 B CN 109830625B
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header
snake
cylindrical battery
inlet
communicated
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CN109830625A (en
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张甫仁
谢忱创
汪鹏伟
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Hangzhou Gaoqiao Information Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Chongqing Jiaotong University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cylindrical battery thermal management system, which comprises a liquid collecting header arranged at the bottom of a cylindrical battery, a left-end liquid distribution header and a right-end liquid distribution header which are fixedly communicated and arranged on opposite sides of the liquid collecting header, and a plurality of snake-shaped plates which are communicated and arranged between the left-end liquid distribution header and the right-end liquid distribution header; the serpentine plates extend between the cells of the array. The cylindrical battery thermal management system disclosed by the invention can quickly balance the temperature difference inside the single battery and between the single batteries, reduce heat accumulation, prolong the service life of the battery, provide a good working temperature environment for the single batteries, is an efficient and reliable battery thermal management control system, and can enable the power battery to work in an optimal temperature range. The multi-channel staggered convection of the cooling liquid is realized through the left and right liquid distribution headers and the snake-shaped plates, and the convection passage and the independent convection are greatly prolonged.

Description

Cylindrical battery thermal management system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries of electric vehicles, in particular to a cylindrical battery thermal management system.
Background
With diversification of the automobile industry and increasingly severe environmental problems, the new energy automobile industry develops rapidly, new energy automobiles are the trend of automobile development nowadays, and electric automobiles account for a large proportion of new energy automobiles. The country pays attention to the field of electric vehicles. Wherein electric automobile is because it is less relatively traditional car to the environmental impact, application range is more and more extensive, electric automobile refers to and uses vehicle mounted power as power, the wheel is driven to the motor, accord with the road traffic, the vehicle of each item requirement of safety regulation, the battery is as electric automobile's heart, the key of electric automobile industry development, the continuation of the journey mileage except the battery is electric automobile's development bottleneck, the safety problem of battery is more and more inconstant. The power battery is one of the core components of the electric automobile, and the charging and discharging are based on electrochemical reaction, so the safety, performance and service life of the battery are closely related to the temperature. With the rapid development of electric vehicle technology, the requirements for specific energy, charge and discharge rate and service life of the power battery are higher and higher, and therefore battery thermal management is more and more important.
The battery management system is the important tie of connecting on-vehicle power battery and electric automobile, because electric automobile is at the in-process that traveles, the battery can produce a large amount of heats, if can not be quick effectual dispel the heat to the battery to and the inside, the difference in temperature between the battery cell of balanced battery cell, will cause the heat to pile up, influence battery life-span, serious still can cause the battery explosion.
The battery thermal management is a new technology which is based on the material science, the electrochemistry, the heat transfer science, the molecular dynamics and other multidisciplinary fields and is established based on the optimal charging and discharging temperature interval of a specific battery through reasonable design according to the influence of temperature on the battery performance, so as to solve the problem of thermal accumulation caused by the operation of the battery under the condition of overhigh temperature and improve the overall performance of the battery.
Because the battery pack of the electric vehicle is formed by connecting a large number of battery monomers in series and parallel, the temperature difference between the battery monomers can cause the inconsistency of the battery states, thereby affecting the overall performance of the battery pack, and therefore, the battery thermal management needs to control the working temperature range of the battery and try to reduce the maximum temperature difference between the battery monomers.
At present, for cylindrical battery liquid cooling, mainly adopt ribbed cold drawing, snakelike flat pipe or water jacket indirect cooling to realize. Compare in air cooling, liquid cooling battery module's structure is compacter, and the cooling effect is better, and the pump work consumption is littleer.
Chinese patent application 201810237044.4 discloses a serpentine flat tube liquid-cooled battery module, which comprises a plurality of cylindrical batteries and serpentine flat tubes, wherein the serpentine flat tubes sandwich the cylindrical batteries, the distribution header and the collection header are respectively arranged at two sides, the serpentine flat tubes indirectly cool the cylindrical batteries,
the above scheme has certain disadvantages:
1) the liquid working medium in the snakelike flat pipes flows from the distribution header to the collection header in a single flow direction, and the cooling arrangement mode enables the cylindrical batteries close to the liquid flowing in and out of the snakelike flat pipes to have larger temperature difference.
2) This invention does not consider cooling of the bottom of the cell.
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a cylindrical battery thermal management system is needed, which can overcome the above disadvantages, equalize the temperature difference between the inside of the single battery and the single battery, reduce the heat accumulation, prolong the service life of the battery, and provide a good working temperature environment for the single battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention is directed to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a cylindrical battery thermal management system, which balances the temperature difference between the inside of the single battery and the single battery, reduces the heat accumulation, prolongs the service life of the battery, and provides a good working temperature environment for the single battery.
The invention relates to a cylindrical battery thermal management system, which comprises a liquid collecting header arranged at the bottom of a cylindrical battery, a left-end liquid distribution header and a right-end liquid distribution header which are fixedly communicated and arranged on the opposite sides of the liquid collecting header, and a plurality of snake-shaped plates which are communicated and arranged between the left-end liquid distribution header and the right-end liquid distribution header; the snake-shaped plates penetrate among the cylindrical cells of the array, the liquid distribution header and the liquid collection header are both of plate-shaped cavity box structures, each end of the left end distribution header and each end of the right end distribution header are provided with an inlet and an outlet, the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header are opposite and parallel, liquid flows into the first outlet from the first inlet and flows out from the second outlet from the second inlet, a plurality of snake-shaped plates and a plurality of cylindrical cells are arranged between the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header, and the cylindrical cells are arranged according to the array; each snake-shaped plate is provided with a plurality of channels matched with the circular cells of the array, the channels are sequentially arranged according to the array, and two sides of each snake-shaped plate are fixedly communicated with the side surfaces of the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header; each cylindrical battery is wrapped and clamped by the snake-shaped plates on the two sides; the snake-shaped plate is a bent structure with a convection channel inside. The plate walls of the snake-shaped plates and the liquid collecting header are made of aluminum alloy materials with lower density, a row of cylindrical batteries are attached to or close to the side surface of the liquid distribution header at the left end, a row of cylindrical batteries are attached to or close to the side surface of the liquid distribution header at the right end, and the angle between the contact surface of the snake-shaped plates and the contact surface of a single snake-shaped plate is 50-60 degrees; and when each cylindrical battery in other middle rows is wrapped and clamped, the angle between the single snake-shaped plate and the contact surface of the cylindrical battery is between 100 and 120 degrees. The thickness of the serpentine plate is 5mm, the thickness of the inner channel of the serpentine plate is 4.2mm, and the lengths of all the channels are accumulated to cover 80% -90% of the cylindrical battery, so that the material is saved and the purpose of lightening is achieved on the basis of ensuring the cooling of the battery.
Further, the right-end liquid distribution header is communicated with the liquid collection header through a first inlet and a first outlet; the left end liquid distribution header collects the header with liquid and passes through second entry and second export intercommunication, through the convection current passageway intercommunication in subchannel and the snake-shaped plate in the distribution header between first entry and the first export, through the convection current passageway intercommunication in subchannel and the snake-shaped plate between the distribution header in second entry and the second export, realized the crisscross convection current of high low temperature liquid multichannel between left end liquid distribution header and the right-hand member liquid distribution header, furthest balanced difference in temperature.
Furthermore, the first inlet and the second inlet are respectively provided with a pump, the first inlet and the first outlet are diagonally arranged, the second inlet and the second outlet are diagonally arranged, the diagonally arranged pumps are used for prolonging a heat exchange path and balancing the temperature difference between the cylindrical batteries to a greater extent, and the pumps are arranged at the first inlet and the second inlet to complete the liquid inlet of the two inlets and realize the complete circulation of the whole labyrinth interweaving path.
Further, the liquid collecting header comprises a first header and a second header, a heat exchanger is arranged between the first header and the second header and used for communicating the first header and the second header and balancing the temperature difference of liquid between the first header and the second header, the first inlet and the second inlet are communicated with the first header, the first outlet and the second outlet are communicated with the second header, liquid exchange is realized between the first header and the second header through the heat exchanger, and the exchanged liquid can be heated or refrigerated through the heat exchanger when necessary.
Further, the convection current passageway inner wall is rough surface, and the frictional resistance of convection current liquid in the convection current passageway can be increased to rough inner wall, reduces its through speed, prolongs heat exchange time, reaches the best heat exchange effect, the difference in temperature between the better balanced cylindrical battery, just be provided with the brace rod between two faces of snakelike board between the convection current passageway, play the additional strengthening to snakelike board, prolong the life of whole device.
Furthermore, the mounting surfaces of the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header and the snake-shaped plate are provided with inserting ports communicated with the convection channel, the inserting ports which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction correspond to the first header and the second header at intervals, the inserting ports which are transversely arranged are communicated with the liquid collecting header through the transverse branch channels to realize the staggered flow of cooling liquid in the serpentine plate, the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header are communicated through a plurality of staggered convection channels, cold and hot liquid flows in opposite staggered directions, so that the temperature balance is more sufficient, and the generation of temperature difference is reduced to the maximum extent, in practical applications, the number of convection channels in each serpentine plate is generally an even number, and the number of convection channels in the serpentine plate shown in the present embodiment is six, but not limited to six, and is set according to the specific height of the practical cylindrical battery.
Furthermore, the battery is attached to the concave part of the snake-shaped plate, and better heat exchange is realized between the battery and the snake-shaped plate through the attaching of the battery and the snake-shaped plate.
Further, snakelike plate surface cover one deck electric insulation layer, with the flexible graphene materials of spraying one deck on the contact surface of battery, the snakelike plate is multilayer structure, outwards is the siding from inside convection current passageway in proper order, and electric insulation coating is equipped with the brace rod in. The support ribs mainly serve to support and strengthen the snake-shaped plate, so that the snake-shaped plate is not easy to deform when being extruded, the electric insulation coating prevents electric leakage and short circuit between the battery and the snake-shaped plate, a layer of flexible graphene material is arranged on the contact surface of the snake-shaped plate and the cylindrical battery, the graphene material is used for heat conduction and preventing cooling liquid from leaking to protect the battery, the cooling liquid in the embodiment can be phase-change material or water, and the mass ratio of the cooling liquid to the snake-shaped plate is 1: 1 of a refrigerant compatible with aluminum alloy.
Further, a base with a wind tunnel is arranged between the cylindrical battery and the liquid collecting header, and the bottom of the battery pack is cooled through a fan and forced air cooling of an air conditioner.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cylindrical battery thermal management system disclosed by the invention has high reliability, can quickly balance the temperature difference between the inside of the single battery and the single battery, reduce heat accumulation, prolong the service life of the battery, provide a good working temperature environment for the single battery, is an efficient and reliable battery thermal management control system, and can enable the power battery to work in the optimal temperature range. The cooling liquid multi-channel staggered convection is realized through the left and right liquid distribution headers and the snake-shaped plates, the convection passage is greatly prolonged, the convection is respectively and independently conducted, and the whole heat management system is simple in structure and easy to realize.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the following figures and examples:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a convection assembly;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a liquid distribution header;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a serpentine tube;
fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a convective pathway.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic overall structure of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a convection assembly, fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 1, fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a liquid distribution header, fig. 5 is a sectional view of fig. 4, fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of a serpentine tube, and fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a convection channel, and as shown in the drawings, the cylindrical battery thermal management system in the present embodiment includes a liquid collection header 7 disposed at the bottom of a cylindrical battery 1, a left end liquid distribution header 4 and a right end liquid distribution header 3 fixedly and communicatively disposed on opposite sides of the liquid collection header 7, and a plurality of serpentine plates 2 communicatively disposed between the left end liquid distribution header 4 and the right end liquid distribution header 3; the snake-shaped plates 2 penetrate among the cylindrical cells 1 in the array, the liquid distribution header and the liquid collection header 7 are both plate-shaped cavity box structures, each end of the left-end liquid distribution header 4 and each end of the right-end liquid distribution header 3 are provided with an inlet and an outlet, the left-end liquid distribution header 4 and the right-end liquid distribution header 3 are opposite and parallel, liquid flows into the first outlet 11 from the first inlet 9 and flows out from the second outlet 1212 from the second inlet 10, a plurality of snake-shaped plates 2 and a plurality of cylindrical cells 1 are arranged between the left-end liquid distribution header 4 and the right-end liquid distribution header 3, and the cylindrical cells 1 are arranged in the array; a plurality of channels matched with the cylindrical batteries 1 in the array are arranged on each snake-shaped plate 2 in sequence according to the array, and two sides of each snake-shaped plate 2 are fixedly communicated with the side surfaces of the left end liquid distribution header 3 and the right end liquid distribution header 3; each cylindrical battery 1 is wrapped and clamped by the snake-shaped plates 2 at the two sides; the serpentine shaped plate 2 is of a curved configuration with a convection channel 15 therein. The plate walls of the snake-shaped plates 2 and the liquid collecting header 7 are made of aluminum alloy materials with lower density, the row of cylindrical batteries 1 attached to or adjacent to the side surface of the left-end liquid distribution header 4 and the row of cylindrical batteries 1 attached to or adjacent to the side surface of the right-end liquid distribution header 3 are made of aluminum alloy materials, and the angle between the contact surfaces of the snake-shaped plates 2 and the single snake-shaped plate 2 is 50-60 degrees; and when each cylindrical battery 1 in other middle rows is clamped in a wrapping mode, the angle of the contact surface of the single snake-shaped plate 2 and the cylindrical battery 1 is between 100 and 120 degrees. The thickness of the snake-shaped plate 2 is 5mm, the thickness of the internal channel of the snake-shaped plate 2 is 4.2mm, and the length of all the channels cumulatively covers 180% -90% of the cylindrical battery, so that the purposes of saving materials and achieving light weight on the basis of ensuring the cooling of the battery are achieved.
In this embodiment, the right liquid distribution header 3 is communicated with the liquid collection header 7 through a first inlet 9 and a first outlet 11; the left end liquid distribution header 4 is communicated with the liquid collection header 7 through a second inlet 10 and a second outlet 12, the first inlet 9 is communicated with the first outlet 11 through a branch channel 14 in the distribution header and a convection channel 15 in the serpentine plate 2, the second inlet 10 is communicated with the second outlet 12 through a branch channel 14 in the distribution header and a convection channel 15 in the serpentine plate 2, staggered convection of high and low temperature liquid multi-channels between the left end liquid distribution header 4 and the right end liquid distribution header 3 is realized, and temperature difference is balanced to the maximum extent.
In this embodiment, the first inlet 9 and the second inlet 10 are provided with pumps, the first inlet 9 and the first outlet 11 are diagonally arranged, the second inlet 10 and the second outlet 12 are diagonally arranged, the diagonal arrangement aims at prolonging the heat exchange path and balancing the temperature difference between the cylindrical batteries 1 to a greater extent, and the pumps are arranged at the first inlet 9 and the second inlet 10 to complete the liquid inlet of the two inlets and realize the complete circulation of the whole labyrinth interweaving path.
In this embodiment, the liquid collecting header 7 includes a first header 71 and a second header 72, a heat exchanger 8 is disposed between the first header 71 and the second header 72 for communicating the first header 71 and the second header 72 and equalizing a temperature difference between the liquids in the first header 71 and the second header 72, the first inlet 9 and the second inlet 10 are communicated with the first header 71, the first outlet 11 and the second outlet 12 are communicated with the second header 72, the liquid exchange between the first header 71 and the second header 72 is realized through the heat exchanger 8, and the exchanged liquid can be heated or cooled through the heat exchanger 8 as necessary.
In this embodiment, the 15 inner walls of convection current passageway are rough surface, and the frictional resistance of convection current liquid in convection current passageway 15 can be increased to rough inner wall, reduces its through speed, prolongs heat exchange time, reaches best heat exchange effect, the difference in temperature between the better balanced cylindrical battery 1, just be provided with the brace rod between two faces of snakelike plate 2 between the convection current passageway 15, play the additional strengthening to snakelike plate 2, prolong the life of whole device.
In this embodiment, the mounting surfaces of the left end liquid distribution header 4 and the right end liquid distribution header 3 and the serpentine plate 2 are provided with the sockets 13 communicated with the convection channels 15, and the sockets 13 sequentially arranged in the vertical direction are in spaced correspondence with the first header 71 and the second header 72, the sockets 13 arranged transversely are communicated with the liquid collection header 7 through the transverse branch channels 14, so as to realize the staggered flow of the cooling liquid in the serpentine plate 2, the left end liquid distribution header 4 and the right end liquid distribution header 3 are communicated through the plurality of staggered convection channels 15, so that the cold and hot liquids flow in a staggered manner in opposite directions, so that the temperature balance is more sufficient, and the generation of temperature difference is reduced to the maximum extent, in practical application, the number of the convection channels 15 in each serpentine plate 2 is generally an even number, the number of the convection channels 15 of the serpentine plates 2 shown in this embodiment is six, which is not limited to only six, according to the specific height of the actual cylindrical battery 1.
In this embodiment, the battery is attached to the concave part of the serpentine plate 2, and the battery is attached to the serpentine plate 2 in a limited manner, so that better heat exchange is realized with the serpentine plate 2.
In this embodiment, the surface of the snake-shaped plate 2 is covered with an electrical insulating layer, a layer of flexible graphene material is sprayed on the contact surface of the snake-shaped plate 2 and the battery, the snake-shaped plate 2 is of a multilayer structure, and the plate wall and the electrical insulating coating are sequentially arranged from the internal convection channel 15 to the outside, and support ribs are arranged in the electrical insulating coating. The support ribs mainly serve to support and strengthen the snake-shaped plate 2, so that the snake-shaped plate is not easy to deform when being extruded, the electric insulation coating prevents electric leakage and short circuit between the battery and the snake-shaped plate 2, a layer of flexible graphene material is arranged on the contact surface of the snake-shaped plate 2 and the cylindrical battery 1, the graphene material is used for heat conduction and preventing cooling liquid from leaking to protect the battery, the cooling liquid in the embodiment can be phase-change material or water, and the mass ratio of the support ribs to the snake-shaped plate is 1: 1 of a refrigerant compatible with aluminum alloy.
In this embodiment, a base 6 having a wind tunnel is disposed between the cylindrical battery 1 and the liquid collecting header 7, and the bottom of the battery pack is cooled by a fan and forced air cooling of an air conditioner.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A cylindrical battery thermal management system, comprising: the liquid collecting header is fixedly communicated with a left end liquid distribution header and a right end liquid distribution header which are arranged on the opposite sides of the liquid collecting header, and a plurality of snake-shaped plates are communicated and arranged between the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header; the snake-shaped plate penetrates between the cylindrical batteries of the array; a plurality of mutually independent convection channels are formed in the snake-shaped plate;
the right-end liquid distribution header is communicated with the liquid collection header through a first inlet and a first outlet; the left-end liquid distribution header is communicated with the liquid collection header through a second inlet and a second outlet;
the liquid collecting header comprises a first header and a second header, and a heat exchanger is arranged between the first header and the second header and is used for communicating the first header and the second header and balancing the temperature difference of liquid between the first header and the second header;
the first inlet is communicated with the first outlet through a branch channel in the distribution header and a convection channel in the snake-shaped plate, and the second inlet is communicated with the second outlet through a branch channel in the distribution header and a convection channel in the snake-shaped plate;
the first inlet and the second inlet are both provided with pumps, the first inlet and the first outlet are arranged diagonally, and the second inlet and the second outlet are arranged diagonally;
the left end liquid distribution header and the right end liquid distribution header are provided with insertion ports communicated with the convection channel, and the insertion ports which are transversely arranged are communicated with the liquid collection header through transverse sub-channels, so that the staggered flow of the cooling liquid in the snake-shaped plate is realized.
2. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the first inlet and the second inlet are communicated with the first header, and the first outlet and the second outlet are communicated with the second header.
3. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the convection channel is a rough surface, and a supporting rib is arranged between two plate surfaces of the snake-shaped plate between the convection channels.
4. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the inserting ports which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction correspond to the first header and the second header at intervals.
5. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical battery is attached to the concave part of the snake-shaped plate.
6. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: the surface of the snakelike plate is covered with an electric insulation layer, and a layer of flexible graphene material is sprayed on the contact surface of the snakelike plate and the cylindrical battery.
7. The cylindrical battery thermal management system of claim 1, wherein: and a base with a wind tunnel is arranged between the cylindrical battery and the liquid collecting header.
CN201910060496.4A 2019-01-22 2019-01-22 Cylindrical battery thermal management system Active CN109830625B (en)

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CN115189075B (en) * 2021-04-01 2023-11-03 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 Battery and electric equipment
CN113113700B (en) * 2021-06-15 2021-09-21 四川大学 Integrated power battery cooling device and power battery pack

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JP6248972B2 (en) * 2015-03-23 2017-12-20 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Battery pack
CN105428569B (en) * 2015-12-29 2018-01-05 苏州科纽普新能源科技有限公司 The battery apparatus with water-cooled support of energy quick heat radiating
CN105826636A (en) * 2016-04-21 2016-08-03 北京理工大学 Multilayer counterflow heat exchange device for power battery
CN205752438U (en) * 2016-05-04 2016-11-30 徐州曼特电子有限公司 Refrigerating device of accumulator
CN206558649U (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-10-13 中能国盛动力电池技术(北京)股份公司 A kind of cooling system of lithium-ion-power cell group
JP7094080B2 (en) * 2017-05-26 2022-07-01 昭和電工株式会社 Cylindrical battery cooling heat exchanger
CN107634163B (en) * 2017-09-17 2024-02-09 杭州捷能科技有限公司 Air-cooled battery system
CN108258367B (en) * 2018-03-21 2024-03-22 北京工业大学 Snakelike flat tube liquid cooling battery module

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Effective date of registration: 20231206

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Patentee before: CHONGQING JIAOTONG University