CN109828323A - A kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor - Google Patents
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- CN109828323A CN109828323A CN201910031278.8A CN201910031278A CN109828323A CN 109828323 A CN109828323 A CN 109828323A CN 201910031278 A CN201910031278 A CN 201910031278A CN 109828323 A CN109828323 A CN 109828323A
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Abstract
The rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor that the invention discloses a kind of, system includes pressure sensor, signal processing, AD conversion, temperature measurement module, master controller, wireless transport module, collected rainfall pressure signal is converted voltage signal by pressure sensor, voltage signal amplifies through signal processing unit to be filtered, again after AD conversion, it is sent into master controller calculation processing, is stored and is shown by being wirelessly transmitted in computer after calculating rainfall.The present invention converts voltage for rainfall by pressure sensor, does not need the Physical entrapment for carrying out rainfall, and error caused by can avoid because of the problems such as rainfall evaporation, spilling, blocking improves measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor that the present invention relates to a kind of.
Background technique
Within a certain period of time, ne-leakage, evaporation, the loss water depth on ground are dropped to, rainfall is called.Rainfall is
One of meteorological six elements, can measure a regional precipitation.The number of precipitation affects the production and life of the mankind
Every aspect.Precipitation is excessive, can bring the natural calamities such as flood, mud-rock flow.Precipitation is very few, will easily cause arid,
It causes damages to the economy of people.Therefore, reinforce the forecast and measurement of rainfall, improve pre-alerting ability for reducing natural calamity band
The economic loss come has important role.
Existing precipitation rain fall sensor mainly has tipping bucket type, hydrocone type, Weighing type etc., with sensing technology and computing technique
Development, also has developed various types of rainfall gauges such as optical profile type, ultrasonic type.But all haves the defects that certain, tipping bucket type rain
Flowmeter measurement precision is influenced too greatly by raininess, and raininess is bigger, and error is bigger.Hydrocone type is unable to automatic Observation, is not able to satisfy the modern times
The requirement of measurement.Ultrasonic type is bigger since ultrasonic wave is affected by the external environment, and causes measurement accuracy poor.The present invention is to use
Pressure sensor realizes the measurement of rainfall by connecting the impact force of rainwater and duration and rainfall size.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: it is high that It is an object of the present invention to solve the deficiency of the existing technology and provide a kind of measurement accuracy, stablizes
Property it is good, can real-time storage show data the rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor.
Technical solution: in order to achieve the goal above, a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor of the present invention
System, system includes pressure sensor, signal processing, AD conversion, temperature measurement module, master controller, wireless transport module, pressure sensing
Collected rainfall pressure signal is converted voltage signal by device, and voltage signal amplifies through signal processing unit to be filtered, then through AD
After conversion, it is sent into master controller calculation processing, is stored and is shown by being wirelessly transmitted in computer after calculating rainfall.This
Invention converts voltage for rainfall by pressure sensor, does not need the Physical entrapment for carrying out rainfall, can avoid because of rainfall
Error caused by the problems such as evaporation, spilling, blocking, improves measurement accuracy.
The temperature measurement module pressure sensor temperature measures, and data are sent in master controller, in real time to rainfall number
According to compensating, the present invention, which passes through, increases temperature measurement module, and temperature when real-time measurement pressure sensor works is transferred to main control
Real-time compensation in device reduces the error that sensor is generated by temperature, further increases measurement accuracy.
The master controller chip is STM32F103 series, and STM32F103 family chip is a based on ARM
The processing chip of Cortex-M3 kernel, the embedded SRAM of flash storage and 20KB with 128KB, dominant frequency reach as high as
72MHz, the device of all models all include 2 12 ADC, are conveniently AD converted, and the also communication comprising standard advanced connects
Mouthful, it can satisfy and carry out real time communication with terminal upper computer.Its data-handling capacity is powerful, power consumption is lower, can expire the design
Requirement.
The wireless transport module is NRF905, and the module is connected by SPI interface with master controller；NRF90 is
Nordic company designs a small in size, and performance is good, the operation is stable, strong interference immunity, the product of communication robust.The chip is
Built-in frequency synthesizer, power amplifier, crystal oscillator and modulator function module, output power and communication channel can pass through
Program is configured, and is well suited in low-power consumption, is used in inexpensive system.
The signal processing unit is differential amplifier circuit.
The temperature measurement module includes temperature-sensitive element and temperature measurement circuit, and temperature measurement circuit drives temperature-sensitive element, monitored
The resistance signal of temperature change be converted into voltage signal, then carry out digital-to-analogue conversion, be sent into master controller and be analyzed and processed.Tool
Body compensation method is: by a series of test, the drift value of pressure sensor at different temperatures quantitatively can be calculated,
Then the value calculated is put into master controller, when actually measuring, it is automatic that master controller will call the value to carry out
Compensation.
Establish model in software, in rainfall measurement pressure sensor convert voltage swing not only with bear pressure, and
And it is also related to rainfall duration, it at a time, is sampled at the same time, sampling generates different
Voltage value, the voltage value and rainfall establish model, can calculate rainfall.Consider that voltage signal and rainfall belong to nonlinear dependence
System, select BP neural network algorithm modeled, BP neural network have very strong non-linear mapping capability, height self study and
Adaptive ability, and there are also certain fault-tolerances, therefore can select the calculating of BP realization rainfall.
The temperature measurement circuit is constant-current source circuit.
The temperature-sensitive element is PT100.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor of the present invention, compared with prior art,
It has the advantage that
(1) system converts voltage for rainfall using pressure sensor, does not need the Physical entrapment for carrying out rainfall, can
The problems such as to solve rainfall evaporation, overflow, block, increase measurement accuracy.
(2) the design increases temperature measurement module, and temperature when real-time measurement pressure sensor works is transferred in master controller
Real-time compensation reduces the error that sensor is generated by temperature, increases measurement accuracy.
(3) it by converting impact force size and duration for rainfall measurement, is built using BP neural network algorithm
Mould calculates rainfall, and BP algorithm has very strong non-linear mapping capability, so that measurement result is more reliable and more stable.
(4) system design uses pressure sensor, and relative to traditional rainfall gauge, performance is more reliable and more stable, the anti-external world
Interference performance is strong, more can be suitably used for the extreme weathers such as heavy rainfall.
(5) device is reserved with enough other types sensor interfaces, user of service other than main measurement object
Corresponding sensor can be installed according to actual needs and detect other class elements.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is this system structural block diagram；
Fig. 2 is notebook data process flow diagram；
Fig. 3 is BP neural network structure chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is furture elucidated.
What the present invention designed is a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor, and system includes pressure sensor, letter
Number processing, AD conversion, temperature measurement module, master controller, wireless transport module, pressure sensor is by collected rainfall pressure signal
It is converted into voltage signal, voltage signal amplifies through signal processing unit to be filtered, then after AD conversion, is sent into master controller and is calculated
Processing is stored and is shown by being wirelessly transmitted in computer after calculating rainfall.The temperature measurement module pressure sensor
Temperature measures, and data are sent in master controller, compensates in real time to rainfall data.The master controller chip is
STM32F103 series.The wireless transport module is NRF905, and the module is connected by SPI interface with master controller.Institute
The signal processing unit stated is differential amplifier circuit.The temperature measurement module includes temperature-sensitive element and temperature measurement circuit, temperature measurement circuit
Temperature-sensitive element is driven, the resistance signal of the temperature change monitored is converted into voltage signal, then carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, is sent into
Master controller is analyzed and processed.The temperature measurement circuit is constant-current source circuit.The temperature-sensitive element is PT100.
Pressure sensor is to generate deformation when under pressure using foil gauge, so that the resistance value of foil gauge changes,
It changes to make to be added in ohmically voltage, but the usually change in resistance that generates in stress of foil gauge is smaller, is difficult
It allows master controller to recognize, so foil gauge all forms strain bridge, after being amplified by subsequent signal processing unit, then transmits
It is handled to converter and master controller.The material of pressure sensor has very much, such as resistance strain gage pressure sensor, pressure
Resistance pressure transducer, inductance pressure transducer, capacitance pressure transducer, etc., but most widely used or pressure resistance type pressure
Force snesor, it has extremely low price and higher precision, therefore the application is also using piezoresistive pressure sensor.Pressure
There is steel lid connection above sensor, bear the pressure of raindrop landing, pressure sensor is avoided to be damaged by raindrop impact for a long time
And corrosion.
Embodiment 1
Specific measurement process is described below:
As shown in Figure 1, raindrop drop to above the steel lid above pressure sensor when rainfall occurs, impact force is generated,
The foil gauge of pressure sensor generates deformation, converts resistance change to the variable quantity of voltage；The electricity that pressure sensor obtains
Pressure signal carries out the amplification of signal, filtering by the enhanced processing of signal processing unit, filter circuit respectively, zooms into main control
The signal that device can identify carries out analog-to-digital conversion into AD conversion module；
Meanwhile the sensing element PT100 of temperature measurement module, the temperature that also real-time measurement pressure sensor works, and pass through survey
Circuit temperature is converted to voltage signal, is sent to AD conversion module and carries out analog-to-digital conversion, compensates to voltage signal；
Analog quantity is converted digital quantity by AD conversion module, is sent into master controller and is handled, master controller passes through software
Modeling generates the function of voltage and rainfall, and voltage is mapped to rainfall, while by the temperature information of measurement, to rainfall into
The automatic compensation of row, obtains final rainfall value, by wireless transport module NRF905, is transferred in terminal upper computer and is shown
And storage, the data processing of real time review and later period is carried out convenient for user.
Specific compensation method is: by a series of test, quantitatively can calculate pressure sensor in different temperatures
Under drift value, then the value calculated is put into master controller, when actually measuring, master controller will call this
Value is compensated automatically.
It is flow chart of data processing figure shown in Fig. 2, software control part is passed through by the collected voltage value of analog-to-digital conversion
BP neural network algorithm, voltage value and rainfall are connected, and calculate rainfall value by voltage value, will finally be calculated data and are led to
It crosses wireless transport module and gives upper computer software and shown and stored.
BP neural network belongs to typical one way propagation error correction Multilayer Feedforward Neural Networks algorithm, is that a kind of neural network is answered
With extensive algorithm, structure is made of input layer, hidden layer, output layer.BP method mainly utilizes gradient steepest descent method, respectively
A weight changes along the negative gradient direction of error function, so that error component reduces, final gradually approaching to reality curve.Such as figure
3 show BP neural network structure chart.
According to input parameter and object to be measured parameter number, it can determine that input neuron is one, output neuron is
One, in BP neural network rainfall characteristic model, the neuron of hidden layer is exported and is indicated are as follows:
In formula, input vector P=[P1,P2,P3,L,Pn]T, output vector a=[a1,a2,a3,L,as]T, bias vector b
=[b1,b2,b3,L,bs]T, weight matrixWherein, F is transmission function, same layer and difference
There can be different transmission functions between layer.
The technical concepts and features of above embodiment only to illustrate the invention, the purpose is to allow be familiar with the technical field
Technical staff cans understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and can not limited the scope of the invention with this.All
The equivalent changes or modifications made according to spirit of the invention, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor, it is characterised in that: system includes pressure sensor, signal processing
Unit, AD conversion, temperature measurement module, master controller, wireless transport module, pressure sensor turn collected rainfall pressure signal
Voltage signal is turned to, voltage signal amplifies through signal processing unit to be filtered, then after AD conversion, is sent at master controller calculating
Reason is stored and is shown by being wirelessly transmitted in computer after calculating rainfall.
2. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the survey
Warm module pressure sensor temperature measures, and data are sent in master controller, are compensated in real time to rainfall data.
3. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the master control
Device chip processed is STM32F103 series.
4. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the nothing
Line transmission module is NRF905, and the module is connected by SPI interface with master controller.
5. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the letter
Number processing unit is differential amplifier circuit.
6. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the survey
Warm module includes temperature-sensitive element and temperature measurement circuit, and temperature measurement circuit drives temperature-sensitive element, the resistance of the temperature change monitored
Signal is converted into voltage signal, then carries out digital-to-analogue conversion, is sent into master controller and is analyzed and processed.
7. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the survey
Circuit temperature is constant-current source circuit.
8. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the heat
Quick element is PT100.
9. a kind of rainfall measurement system based on pressure sensor according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pressure
Sensor is resistance strain gage pressure sensor, piezoresistive pressure sensor, inductance pressure transducer, capacitive pressure sensing
One of device.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110454024A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-15 | 国微集团(深圳)有限公司 | Weather inducing method and device, intelligent door and window based on pressure sensitive technology |
| CN110984770A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 广东凤铝铝业有限公司 | Intelligent door and window |
| CN111880246A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | Piezoelectric rain gauge applicable to railway meteorological measurement |
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| CN201845090U (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-05-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Pressure type rainfall measuring equipment based on ZigBee |
| CN103926636A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-16 | 卢会国 | Rainfall data processing system based on piezoelectricity acceleration sensor |
| CN204613432U (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of Novel siphon rain gauge device |
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2019
- 2019-01-14 CN CN201910031278.8A patent/CN109828323A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201845090U (en) * | 2010-11-05 | 2011-05-25 | 南京信息工程大学 | Pressure type rainfall measuring equipment based on ZigBee |
| CN103926636A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2014-07-16 | 卢会国 | Rainfall data processing system based on piezoelectricity acceleration sensor |
| CN204613432U (en) * | 2015-05-26 | 2015-09-02 | 南京信息工程大学 | A kind of Novel siphon rain gauge device |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110454024A (en) * | 2019-07-17 | 2019-11-15 | 国微集团(深圳)有限公司 | Weather inducing method and device, intelligent door and window based on pressure sensitive technology |
| CN110984770A (en) * | 2019-12-19 | 2020-04-10 | 广东凤铝铝业有限公司 | Intelligent door and window |
| CN111880246A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-11-03 | 南京信息工程大学 | Piezoelectric rain gauge applicable to railway meteorological measurement |
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