CN109827994B - Experimental device and method for measuring combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud - Google Patents
Experimental device and method for measuring combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud Download PDFInfo
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- CN109827994B CN109827994B CN201910296742.6A CN201910296742A CN109827994B CN 109827994 B CN109827994 B CN 109827994B CN 201910296742 A CN201910296742 A CN 201910296742A CN 109827994 B CN109827994 B CN 109827994B
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental device and a method for measuring the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud, wherein the whole experimental device comprises an electric spark ignition device, a special quartz glass tube, a porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline, a pressure/temperature data acquisition device and a movable detachable fixing frame, and can be used for measuring the minimum ignition energy, explosion pressure, combustion temperature and other characteristic parameters of the combustion and explosion of the dust cloud. The porous gas flow divider designed by the invention can realize uniform and stable gas injection, the electric spark trigger circuit can realize electric sparks with small energy and large energy and multiple selectable energy levels, and can ensure higher energy accuracy of ignition, and the pressure and the temperature of dust cloud combustion explosion with different explosion areas and different positions can be studied by arranging explosion release pieces with different sizes and self-made movable detachable fixing frames on the top of the specially-made quartz glass tube.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental device and method for researching dust cloud combustion explosion characteristic parameters, and belongs to the technical field of dust combustion explosion risk test research.
Background
With the continuous development of industrial production technology, inflammable and explosive dust is widely applied, and the potential danger of dust explosion is greatly increased. The research of the dust explosion characteristic parameters has important practical significance for preventing and controlling dust explosion disastrous accidents. The minimum ignition energy (Minimum Ignition Energy of Dust Cloud, MIE) of the dust cloud refers to the minimum energy required by the dust cloud under the most sensitive condition just capable of being ignited, is an important characterization parameter reflecting the harmfulness of combustible dust, and has important significance in the aspects of dust explosion risk assessment, effective explosion prevention measures and the like.
The experimental equipment for researching the combustion and explosion characteristics of the dust cloud mainly comprises a 20. 20L spherical explosion device and a 1.2L Hartmann tube, and more scientific research institutions at home and abroad apply the 1.2L Hartmann tube minimum ignition energy device in the equipment for researching the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud. At present, the widely used experimental device for testing the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud mainly comprises Chilworth, MIKE and other imported equipment, the domestic mature products are few, the equipment functions are fewer, and the price is very high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a dust cloud combustion and explosion experimental device capable of measuring the minimum ignition energy, explosion pressure, combustion temperature and other characteristic parameters of dust cloud, and aims to study the occurrence and development rules of dust cloud combustion and explosion and provide reliable scientific basis for preventing dust explosion accidents.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows.
Experimental device for survey dust cloud burning explosion characteristic, its characterized in that: the device comprises a dust cloud combustion explosion generating device and a pressure/temperature data acquisition device;
the dust cloud combustion explosion generating device comprises a porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline, an electric spark ignition device and a special quartz glass tube; the porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline is supplied with air by a mini air compressor, a gas source processor filter is used for regulating pressure, an electromagnetic valve is used for opening and closing the pipeline, and a porous gas splitter is used for steady flow air spraying; the electric spark ignition device is triggered to ignite by the movement of an electric spark counter electrode through a small pneumatic device, and the electric spark ignition energy is regulated and controlled by an electric spark ignition circuit; the special quartz glass tube is provided with a symmetrical fixing hole which can be inserted with an electric spark counter electrode, and the top end of the special quartz glass tube is provided with a fastening device for installing a explosion release piece;
the pressure/temperature data acquisition device comprises a movable detachable fixing frame capable of being provided with six thermocouples or six pressure sensors with equal angles, a data acquisition device for pressure/temperature data acquisition and a control computer; the thermocouple and the pressure sensor can be used singly or in combination according to the needs; the thermocouple and the pressure sensor are respectively connected with the data acquisition device through a thermocouple special line and a pressure sensor special line, and are controlled through matched software installed on the control computer.
The electric spark ignition device regulates and controls electric spark ignition energy through a capacitor in an electric spark ignition circuit, and the capacitor can freely select electric sparks with a plurality of selectable energy levels corresponding to two major types of small energy and large energy; the electric spark ignition circuit charges a capacitor through a relay switch and starts experiments, converts alternating current into direct current through a unidirectional rectifier bridge, increases voltage to a required value through a transformer, and sets experiment starting time and ignition delay time through a first synchronous timer and a second synchronous controller.
The bottom of the special quartz glass tube is provided with a mushroom-shaped disperser and a porous gas flow divider and is connected with a porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline, so that dust to be tested is uniformly blown up from the bottom of the mushroom-shaped disperser; the bottom of the special quartz glass tube is provided with symmetrical fixing holes at a certain distance for inserting the electric spark counter electrode, the top end of the special quartz glass tube is provided with a fastening device of the explosion release piece, and the explosion release pieces with different sizes can be installed.
The thermocouple can directly measure the temperature of dust cloud burning explosion fireball in the experimental process, pressure sensor can directly measure the pressure that produces in the dust cloud burning explosion process in the experimental process, thermocouple and pressure sensor are connected with data acquisition ware to save relevant experimental data in real time in control computer, the installation quantity and the mounted position of thermocouple and pressure sensor all accessible remove dismantlement formula mount and the removal ring on it and adjust, remove and dismantle the formula mount and mark the scale on, can direct display mounting height.
The experimental method for measuring the combustion and explosion characteristics of the dust cloud comprises the following steps:
step one: taking down the special quartz glass tube, cleaning residual powder in the special quartz glass tube and on the base of the mushroom-shaped disperser, uniformly pouring down a certain amount of original sample to be tested after cleaning, putting back the special quartz glass tube, inserting an electric spark counter electrode into a symmetrical fixing hole preset in the special quartz glass tube, and fixing the ignition counter electrode after adjusting the ignition counter electrode to a proper distance;
step two: the ignition energy required by the experiment is selected through an electric spark ignition energy selection button, the powder spraying pressure is set through an air source processor, the experiment starting time and the electric spark ignition delay time are set through a synchronous timer, and a thermocouple and a pressure sensor are arranged according to a specific position;
step three: opening matched software installed on a control computer, switching on a power supply of equipment to charge a capacitor, starting an experiment through a relay switch after the charging is finished, and recording experimental data measured by a thermocouple and a pressure sensor through a data collector and the matched software;
step four: and (5) switching off the power supply and recording relevant experimental data. Selecting different electric spark ignition energy, explosion release sheets or measuring positions, and repeating the experiment to obtain a final experiment result;
note that: before the original sample to be tested is tested, the accuracy of the test equipment is verified based on the standard sample, and the test method is implemented by the steps, and the test can be started after the test is qualified.
After 220V alternating current is increased to high voltage through a transformer, a capacitor is charged through a unidirectional rectifier bridge, and a calculation formula E=0.5CU of the capacitor electric energy is calculated according to the experimental device 2 The voltage value is improved, so that the electric spark ignition energy loss can be effectively reduced, and the electric spark ignition energy value is further accurate by measuring the voltage and current of the capacitor during discharging.
The invention has the following effective effects:
(1) The invention provides an experimental device for measuring the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud, which can measure important characteristic parameters such as the minimum ignition energy, explosion pressure, combustion temperature and the like of the dust cloud;
(2) The porous gas flow divider can realize uniform and stable gas injection, the electric spark trigger circuit can realize electric sparks with small energy and large energy and multiple selectable energy levels, the minimum ignition energy precision of dust cloud can be ensured to be higher, and the combustion explosion pressure and the combustion explosion temperature of the dust cloud with different explosion areas and different positions can be studied by arranging explosion release pieces with different sizes and self-made movable detachable fixing frames on the top of the specially-made quartz glass tube;
(3) Compared with the existing similar equipment, the device has lower price, more functions and better experiment expansibility.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an overall experimental apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an electric spark trigger circuit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a tailored quartz glass tube of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a mushroom diffuser and porous gas diverter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram showing the construction of a removable mount according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1-a porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline; 2-an electric spark ignition device; 3-tailoring quartz glass tube; 4-mini air compressor; 5-an air source processor; 6-an electromagnetic valve; 7-a porous gas diverter; 8-an electric spark counter electrode; 9-a small pneumatic device; 10-an electric spark ignition circuit; 11-symmetrical fixing holes; 12-explosion venting sheet; 13-fastening means; 14-a thermocouple; 15-a pressure sensor; 16-moving a detachable fixing frame; 17-a data collector; 18-a control computer; 19-thermocouple special wire; 20-a pressure sensor dedicated line; 21-a capacitor; 22-relay switch; 23-unidirectional rectifier bridge; 24-transformers; 25-a first synchronization timer; 26-a second synchronization timer; 27-mushroom-shaped disperser, 28-moving circular ring.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
The invention discloses an experimental device for measuring the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud, wherein the main body part of the whole experimental device comprises a porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline, an electric spark ignition device, a special quartz glass tube, a pressure/temperature data acquisition device and a movable detachable fixing frame. In the research dust cloud combustion explosion experiment process, the dust to be detected is uniformly and stably sprayed through the porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline, an electric spark ignition circuit is designed, electric spark ignition with two large types of small energy and large energy and multiple selectable energy levels can be realized, explosion venting sheets with different sizes are designed at the top of a quartz glass tube, and dust cloud combustion explosion pressure and temperature collection with different explosion venting areas and different positions can be performed through a self-made movable detachable fixing frame. The present invention will be described by taking the experimental apparatus shown in fig. 1 to 5 as an example.
As shown in FIG. 1, a miniature air compressor 4 of a porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline 1 of an experimental device for measuring the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud is a GW-206 type air compressor, the volume is 3.5L, and the volume flow is 35-40L/min. The mini air compressor is connected with an air source processor 5 through a pipeline, the air source processor selects an AFR type pressure regulating filter, the caliber PT1/4 of the connecting pipe is adopted, the manual pressure regulating range is 0.05-0.9 MPa, and the highest using pressure is 1.0MPa. The air source processor is connected with the electromagnetic valve 6 through a pipeline, and the electromagnetic valve 6 adopts a 220V normally closed switch air valve. The electromagnetic valve 6 is connected with the porous gas flow divider 7 through a pipeline. The pipeline connecting the parts is made of 304 thin-wall stainless steel, the pressure loss of the whole pipeline can be obtained through a Bernoulli equation of fluid mechanics, and the initial pressure set by the air source processor is exemplified by 0.8MPa, and the pressure for powder spraying after passing through the porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline is about 0.78MPa.
As shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, a mushroom-shaped disperser 27 and a porous gas splitter 7 are arranged at the bottom of the specially-made quartz glass tube 3, the mushroom-shaped disperser 27 is shaped like a mushroom, dust to be measured can be uniformly scattered to the periphery through the top of the mushroom-shaped disperser 27, the height of the mushroom-shaped disperser 27 is 16mm, the diameter is 20mm, the bottom of the mushroom-shaped disperser 27 is connected through a middle reserved hole of the porous gas splitter 7, the diameter of the porous gas splitter 7 is 20mm, the thickness is 2mm, 6 uniform small holes with the diameter of 4mm are formed in the periphery, compressed air is uniformly sprayed out from the small holes, and the dust to be measured which is arranged at the bottom of the specially-made quartz glass tube is uniformly blown up to form ideal dust cloud.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the starting of the whole experimental device is controlled by the relay switch 22, when the relay switch 22 strikes the transformer 24, 220V alternating current is raised to 1KV high voltage, the transformer 24 selects a high voltage transformer of a customized BK-1KV, then the 1KV high voltage is converted into direct current by the unidirectional rectifier bridge 23, and the capacitor 21 is charged, the unidirectional rectifier bridge 23 selects a unidirectional rectifier bridge of 50a 1000V, the capacitor 21 is provided with a plurality of selectable capacitors from 1 nf-1 μf and 1 μf-10 μf. After the charging is finished, the electric spark ignition trigger circuit is driven by the follow-up switch 22, the first synchronous timer 25 is used for setting the opening time of the electromagnetic valve 6, the second synchronous timer 26 is used for controlling the delay starting time of the small pneumatic device 9 for triggering electric spark discharging, the accuracy of the first synchronous timer 25 and the second synchronous timer 26 is 0.1s, the small pneumatic device 9 is a small pneumatic device with a cylinder inner diameter of 50mm and a stroke of 100mm, a piston rod is connected with the left electric spark counter electrode 8 by using an insulating metal protective sleeve, the electric spark counter electrode 8 is made of high-quality pure tungsten material, the diameter is 3.2mm, the length is 25mm, the gap distance range between the two pairs of electrodes is 2mm-6mm, left and right adjustment can be realized, and the diameter of a part with the top end length exceeding 20mm is reduced to 2mm until the tip is reached. The whole electric spark ignition circuit 10 can realize electric spark ignition of two major types of multiple selectable energy levels, namely 1J-1J small energy and 1J-10J large energy.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the special quartz glass tube 3 is made of high-strength high-quality quartz glass having a Mohs hardness of seven, a tube length of 300mm, a volume of 1.2L, an outer diameter of 85mm, and an inner diameter of 65mm. Symmetrical fixing holes 11 are formed at the position 60mm away from the bottom of the tube and are used for installing the electric spark counter electrode 8. The top end of the specially made quartz glass tube 3 is provided with a fastening device 13 which can be additionally provided with a explosion venting sheet 12, the fastening device 13 is made of 304 stainless steel, the fastening device 13 is provided with two flanges with openings, the lower flange is fixed at the top end of the quartz glass tube 3, the upper flange is fixed with the lower flange through a bolt of M5 x 30, the explosion venting sheet 12 is additionally arranged between the two flanges, and the explosion venting sheet 12 has a plurality of sizes of phi 60mm, 50mm, 40mm, 30mm, 10mm and the like.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the movable detachable fixing frame 16 is marked with a graduated scale, the movable ring 28 can move up and down, and six fixing holes with equal angles are formed on the movable ring 28 for installing the thermocouple 14 and the pressure sensor 15 and can stretch back and forth. The thermocouple 14 is a K-type armored thermocouple, the length is 30mm, the diameter is 1.6mm, the temperature measurement range is-50-1200 ℃, the response time is 300ms, and the thermocouple special wire 19 is a corresponding K-type thermocouple temperature measurement compensation wire; the pressure sensor 15 is a CYG1401MF type pressure transmitter, the measuring range is 0-5 MPa, the measuring frequency is 100KHz, and the special line 20 for the pressure sensor is a matched shielding line. The thermocouple 14 and the pressure sensor 15 are respectively connected to the data collector 17 through a thermocouple special line 19 and a pressure sensor special line 20, the data collector 17 is a HIOKI LR8400-21 type data collector, the pulse input is 8ch, the resolution is 1/n (r/s), the data collector 18 is connected with the control computer 19, and the pressure and the temperature of the dust cloud combustion explosion at different positions and under different conditions are recorded through matched software.
The experimental operation is specifically as follows:
firstly, taking down a special quartz glass tube, cleaning residual powder on the special quartz glass tube and a mushroom-shaped disperser base, uniformly pouring down a certain amount of original sample to be tested after cleaning, putting back the special quartz glass tube, inserting an electric spark counter electrode into a symmetrical fixing hole preset in the special quartz glass tube, and fixing the ignition counter electrode after adjusting the ignition counter electrode to a proper distance. Then, the ignition energy required by the experiment is selected through an electric spark ignition energy selection button, the powder spraying pressure is set through a pressure regulating filter, the experiment starting time and the electric spark ignition delay time are set through a timer, and a thermocouple and a pressure sensor are arranged according to a specific positioning frame. Then, the matched software installed on the control computer is opened, the power supply of the equipment is connected to charge the capacitor, after the charging is finished, an experiment is started through the relay switch, and experimental data measured by the thermocouple and the pressure sensor are recorded through the synchronous controller; and finally, disconnecting the power supply of the equipment and recording relevant experimental data. And selecting different electric spark ignition energy, explosion venting sheets or measuring positions, and repeating the experiment to obtain a final experiment result. Before the test of the sample to be tested, the accuracy of the test equipment must be verified based on the standard sample, the test operation method is as above steps, and the test can be started after the test is qualified.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way, and all technical solutions obtained by equivalent substitution and the like fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is not related in part to the same as or can be practiced with the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. Experimental device for survey dust cloud burning explosion characteristic, its characterized in that: the device comprises a dust cloud combustion explosion generating device and a pressure/temperature data acquisition device;
the dust cloud combustion explosion generating device comprises a porous steady-flow powder spraying pipeline (1), an electric spark ignition device (2) and a special quartz glass tube (3); the porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline (1) is supplied with air by a mini air compressor (4), a gas source processor (5) is used for regulating pressure, an electromagnetic valve (6) is used for opening and closing the pipeline, and a porous gas splitter (7) is used for steady flow air spraying; the electric spark ignition device (2) is triggered to ignite by an electric spark counter electrode (8) through the movement of a small pneumatic device (9), and the electric spark ignition energy is regulated and controlled by an electric spark ignition circuit (10); the special quartz glass tube (3) is provided with a symmetrical fixing hole (11) which can be inserted with the electric spark counter electrode (8), and the top end of the special quartz glass tube (3) is provided with a fastening device (13) for installing the explosion venting piece (12);
the pressure/temperature data acquisition device comprises a movable detachable fixing frame (16) capable of being provided with six thermocouples (14) and/or six pressure sensors (15) at equal angles, a data acquisition device (17) for acquiring pressure/temperature data and a control computer (18), wherein the thermocouples (14) or the pressure sensors (15) are arranged outside the top of the special quartz glass tube (3); the thermocouple (14) and the pressure sensor (15) can be used singly and in combination according to the needs, and the thermocouple (14) and the pressure sensor (15) are respectively connected with the data acquisition device (17) through a thermocouple special line (19) and a pressure sensor special line (20) and are controlled through matched software installed on the control computer (18);
the thermocouple (14) can directly measure the temperature of a dust cloud combustion explosion fireball sprayed from the top of the special quartz glass tube (3), the pressure sensor (15) can directly measure the pressure generated by the dust cloud combustion explosion sprayed from the top of the special quartz glass tube (3), the thermocouple (14) and the pressure sensor (15) are connected with the data acquisition device (17) and store relevant experimental data into the control computer (18) in real time, the quantity and the position of the thermocouple (14) and the pressure sensor (15) which are arranged outside the top of the special quartz glass tube (3) can be adjusted through the movable detachable fixing frame (16) and the movable circular ring (28) on the movable detachable fixing frame (16), and the movable detachable fixing frame (16) is marked with a graduated scale which can directly display the installation height.
2. The experimental device for determining the combustion and explosion characteristics of a dust cloud according to claim 1, wherein: the electric spark ignition device (2) regulates and controls electric spark ignition energy through a capacitor (21) in the electric spark ignition circuit (10), and the capacitor (21) can freely select electric sparks with small energy and large energy; the electric spark ignition circuit (10) charges a capacitor (21) through a relay switch (22) and starts an experiment, alternating current is converted into direct current through a unidirectional rectifier bridge (23), voltage is increased to a required value through a transformer (24), and the experiment starting time and the ignition delay time are set through a first synchronous timer (25) and a second synchronous controller (26).
3. The experimental device for determining the combustion and explosion characteristics of a dust cloud according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the special quartz glass tube (3) is provided with a mushroom-shaped disperser (27) and a porous gas diverter (7) and is connected with the porous steady flow powder spraying pipeline (1) so as to realize that dust to be tested is uniformly blown up from the bottom of the mushroom-shaped disperser (27); the special quartz glass tube (3) is provided with symmetrical fixing holes (11) at a certain position away from the bottom for fixing the electric spark counter electrode (8) to realize electric spark ignition at the fixed position, the top end of the special quartz glass tube (3) is provided with a fastening device (13) of the explosion venting sheet, and the explosion venting sheet (12) with different sizes can be installed.
4. An experimental method for determining the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud is characterized by comprising the following steps: the experimental device according to claim 1 is used for measuring the dust cloud combustion explosion characteristic parameters, comprising the measurement of the minimum ignition energy of the dust cloud and the measurement of the pressure/temperature of the dust cloud combustion explosion, and the experimental steps are as follows:
step one: taking down the special quartz glass tube, cleaning residual powder in the special quartz glass tube and on the base of the mushroom-shaped disperser, uniformly pouring down a certain amount of original sample to be tested after cleaning, putting back the special quartz glass tube, inserting an electric spark counter electrode into a symmetrical fixing hole preset in the special quartz glass tube, and fixing the ignition counter electrode after adjusting the ignition counter electrode to a proper distance;
step two: the ignition energy required by the experiment is selected through an electric spark ignition energy selection button, the powder spraying pressure is set through an air source processor, the experiment starting time and the electric spark ignition delay time are set through a synchronous timer, and a thermocouple and a pressure sensor are arranged according to a specific position;
step three: opening matched software installed on a control computer, switching on a power supply of equipment to charge a capacitor, starting an experiment through a relay switch after the charging is finished, and recording experimental data measured by a thermocouple and a pressure sensor through a data collector and the matched software;
step four: cutting off a power supply and recording relevant experimental data; selecting different electric spark ignition energy, explosion release sheets or measuring positions, and repeating the experiment to obtain a final experiment result;
before the original sample to be tested is tested, the accuracy of the test equipment is verified based on the standard sample, and the test method is implemented by the steps, and the test can be started after the test is qualified.
5. The experimental method for determining the combustion and explosion characteristics of dust cloud as set forth in claim 4, wherein: after 220V alternating current is increased to high voltage by a transformer (24), the capacitor is connected by a unidirectional rectifier bridge (23)The device (21) charges and calculates the formula E=0.5CU according to the capacitor power 2 Increasing the voltage value effectively reduces the energy loss of spark ignition, and further improves the accuracy of the spark ignition energy value by measuring the voltage and current at which the capacitor (21) discharges.
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| CN112683947B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2023-06-23 | 太原理工大学 | Explosion simulation test analysis system for angle connection constructed pipe network |
| CN113092328A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-07-09 | 北京石油化工学院 | Sensitivity and severity-based evaluation method of metal powder for additive manufacturing |
| CN114813405B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2023-06-30 | 南京工业大学 | Petrochemical device rupture disk failure mode under dynamic load and blasting performance detection test device and method |
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